Дисертації з теми "Tipi urbani"
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Heuser, Juliana Faccioni. "Impacto de edificações do tipo "construído para alugar" na estratégia e no uso dos espaços urbanos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164052.
Повний текст джерелаThis research investigates the impact of "built for rent" buildings on aesthetics and on use of consolidated and predominantly residential urban spaces, based on the evaluation of different groups of individuals. The research problem deals with the insertion of these structures and their commercial activities in built environments without the knowledge of their real impact on the visual quality and use of the built environment. Therefore, the objective is to analyze and compare satisfaction levels and aesthetic preferences of scenes, during day and night periods, of “built for rent” buildings, and scenes with substituted buildings, considering that there may be differences between the evaluations from individuals with different types and levels of education, and different levels of familiarity. The research also intends to identify levels of satisfaction with location of the different activities of "built for rent" buildings within predominantly residential environments, and to investigate if this typology is satisfactory for the performance of its activities, according to different groups of individuals related to these structures. For this purpose, nine buildings located in the city of Porto Alegre-RS are selected. Data gathering procedures are part of those in the Environment and Behavior area of study, which includes archival records, field surveys, questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis was carried out through non-parametric statistical tests. The results of this research demonstrate that urban scenes are evaluated according to the level of visual stimulus and ordering of such scenes, regardless of the level of academic education or familiarity of the individuals. Furthermore, they reveal that the "built for rent" typology does not have a positive impact on the aesthetics of their environments, especially for the residents of these environments, since its appearance tends to lack visual stimulation and orderly relation with their surroundings. On the other hand, the results show that commercial activities of these buildings, especially those of first necessity and of immediate consumption, are perceived as very suitable for residential environments, due to the existence of demand and the contribution to the qualitative movement of people in the urban spaces. In addition, the results show that the interior area of the buildings are very adequate for their activities, due to the flexibility and quantity of space, and their locations have influence the performance of their activities, which occur in a satisfactory way. However, the typology tends to have an unsatisfactory access and parking areas for its users, as well as presents problems related to internal thermal comfort. In conclusion, it is expected that the results obtained can contribute to the qualification of urban spaces, aiming to better meet the needs of individuals regarding to aesthetics and the use of urban space.
Rodrigues, Gustavo Partezani. "Vias públicas: tipo e construção em São Paulo (1898-1945)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-25032010-093019/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work intends to look at the formation and expansion of São Paulo city. It addresses different types of streets and avenues, originated from a process of planed formation, with focus on project as an instrumente that brings quality and innovation to the city, in the period from 1898 to 1945. In its development, the work considers not only the technical knowledge employed on the public ways - linked to the process of circulation - but also its integration with other prioritary urban issues such as sanitation, aesthetic transformations and options of territorial expansion. It is structured in data collection, organization and interpretation, based on the existing urban plans from that period and on technical, legal and regulatory criteria as well as on the analysis of important urban projects, executed during the years of the citys consolidation. The research also identifies two different types of public ways projected in the city, and exemplifies them by means of the authors accumulated knowledge and by the model of construction of the Nove de Julho Avenue, as an integrant of the Y system and axis of expansion to the southwest of the city. The perspective herein exposed is of the formation of a series of actions and project criteria for the treatment of the public space based on the observation of the production of the previous generations. The intention is to evaluate the conditions of way structure formation in São Paulo in order to establish a contribution to new public ways that will be projected or recovered, identifying its qualitative characteristics. The knowledge about the shape of the space and the reconstruction of its history is, therefore, one way of orienting the current projects of the contemporary city.
Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim. "Forma urbana e tipo de uso do solo como fatores determinantes para a geração de áreas urbanas impermeáveis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7956.
Повний текст джерелаThe environmental impact of urbanization due to the surface impervious growing and inadequacy of urban occupation induces to a significant increase of inundation events in every urban centers around the world. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the urban form and the land use types as factors that characterizes the hydrological impacts and determinates the urban impervious areas. It is taken as case study 13 urban areas pertaining to Canoas City, Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil). The land use municipal law is considered for selecting these analysis units, taking examples of several types of land cover, land use, urban densities and urban form. The methodology involves the manipulation of municipal digital cartographic base, census data, aerial photographs and information about municipal urban laws. These data is integrated using geographic information system toolbox. This process allowed a production of the unit analysis output data related with the urban form and the land use, in order to study the connection with impervious level. Through the output data, alternative scenarios are developed in order to minimize the impervious level in the analysis units. The main conclusions from the results show: (i) the relations between the urban form, the land use and the impervious surfaces must simultaneously be evaluated with others factors that influence this phenomenon, namely, urban law, land use type, urban densities and culture and socioeconomic patterns; (ii) The alternative scenarios show moderate effects to minimize the impervious cover generation. Through strategies associated with presence of green areas, lot impervious control and sidewalk cover design, the impervious reduction average in analysis units is 8.74, 13.91 and 5.70% respectively. Finally, this research suggests some urban planning parameters, considering the results from analysis data, the relation between these results, the alternative scenarios output and the information exposed by additional studies about urban impervious cover. These parameters intends to help the urban settlement planning, reaching the lower impervious cover level in its implementation.
Amado, Ana Elisabete Martinho. "A "rua direita" nas cidades portugueseas. Leitura tipo-morfológica do elemento urbano." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5449.
Повний текст джерелаOlivares, Loyola Lucía Eliana. "¿Rurales o urbanos? Aproximación al tipo de identidad existente entre los habitantes del sector rural-urbano de Pérez Ossa, Comuna de San Bernardo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106481.
Повний текст джерелаSAMPAOLO, STEFANO. "Politiche di tipo integrato nei quartieri "degradati": l'occasione del programma Urban." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278416.
Повний текст джерелаCanavarros, Andréa Figueiredo Arruda. "A cossolidação de um tipo urbano e arquitetônico de moradia para os pobres." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12593.
Повний текст джерелаPolese, Val?ria. "Efeito de inibidores de crescimento e do tipo de poda em plantas utilizadas na arboriza??o urbana." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1572.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T11:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Valeria Polese.pdf: 1777501 bytes, checksum: c11ce694e66877535a131581bb746469 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-15
AMPLA Energia e Servi?os S. A.
LIGHT Servi?os de Eletricidade S.A.
The present study looked for alternatives of growth handling and of pruning in plants used in the urban forestation, seeking to the decrease of conflicts of these with electric power spinnings. In the chapter I experiments were accomplished with Flamboyant in soil and simple nutritious solution containing Al, with objective of studying handling alternatives seeking to reduce the growth and development of plantules Flamboyant. The aluminum atrophies roots could affect the growth. Six experiments were accomplished with plantules (soil and simple nutritious solution) in conditions of growth camera and vegetation house, Department of Fitotecnia - UFRRJ. In the soil experiments they were used two sources of sulfate of aluminum, being a commercial one and a pure source analytically, in the concetrations 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 in the soils Planossolo and Argissolo, with four repetitions. The experiments accomplished in simple nutritious solution just received calcium (0,001 mM) and they had as source AlCl3 with doses that varied from 0,075 to 5,0 mM. Through the results of the chapter I was ended that in same or superior conditions of soil concentrations to 0,4 Cmolc/dm3 of Al caused toxicity to the plantules of Flamboyant, with effects mainly in the length root, and in solution simple nutritious doses same or upper to 0,075 mM of AlCl3 paralyzed the growth root. Al can be used as inhibitor of vegetable growth in plantules of Flamboyant. The chapter II had as objective studies the effects of the pruning and association with growth inhibitors in arboreal species. Four experiments were accomplished with the plants Sabi?, Sombreiro, and Cucumber (phytotoxicity Evaluation the herbicides). The experiments were installed in the Department of Fitotecnia-UFRRJ, Serop?dica. In the experiment 1 (Sabi?) all the plants were cut off 2 m of height, and they were applied the treatments: control, 2.4-D+Picloram, and Picloram. In the experiment 2 (Sabi?) all the plants were pruned removing 1/3 of the cup and applying the treatments: control, HCl, AlCl3, Picloram and nearby Cut (Without pruning of 1/3 of the cup). The experiment 3 (Sombreiro) had as treatments cut types in relation to the main trunk: nearby, leaving stub of 20 cm and of 40 cm. The experiment 4 (Pepino) it was installed in the originating from soil the first experiment with Sabi?. In the experiment 1, the treatment with Picloram delayed the beginning of the regrowth, important factor for the present study, so that they delay to arrive to the electric power spinning. In the experiment 2, just the treatment Picloram presented length and diameter of sprouts a little smaller in relation to the other treatments. In the experiment 3 it was verified that the nearby cut didn't present new budding until the 145 days after the pruning. In the experiment 4 the cucumber presented more intense toxicity in the treatment with Picloram. Was ended that Picloram and 2,4-D+Picloram were efficient for budding handling in adult plants of Sabi?, because they presented budding with small lengths, delaying the accomplishment of new pruning. In plants of Sombreiro the nearby cut was efficient, not presenting budding. It happened toxicity for Picloram in plants of Pepino.
O presente estudo buscou alternativas de manejo de crescimento e de poda em plantas utilizadas na arboriza??o urbana, visando ? diminui??o de conflitos destas com fia??es de energia el?trica. No cap?tulo I foram realizados experimentos com Flamboyant em solo e solu??o nutritiva simples contendo Al, com objetivo de estudar alternativas de manejo visando diminuir o crescimento e desenvolvimento de pl?ntulas Flamboyant. O alum?nio atrofia ra?zes podendo afetar o crescimento. Foram realizados seis experimentos com pl?ntulas (Solo e solu??o nutritiva simples) em condi??es de c?mara de crescimento e casa de vegeta??o, Departamento de Fitotecnia - UFRRJ. Nos experimentos de solo foram utilizadas duas fontes de sulfato de alum?nio, sendo uma comercial e uma fonte pura analiticamente, nas concentra??es 0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1 nos solos Planossolo e Argissolo, com quatro repeti??es. Os experimentos realizados em solu??o nutritiva simples receberam apenas c?lcio (0,001 mM) e tiveram como fonte AlCl3 com doses que variaram de 0,075 a 5,0 mM. Atrav?s dos resultados do cap?tulo I conclui-se que em condi??es de solo concentra??es iguais ou superiores a 0,4 Cmolc/dm3 de Al causaram toxicidade ?s pl?ntulas de Flamboyant, com efeitos principalmente no comprimento radicular, e em solu??o nutritiva simples doses iguais ou superiores a 0,075 mM de AlCl3 paralisaram o crescimento radicular. O Al pode ser utilizado como inibidor de crescimento vegetal em pl?ntulas de Flamboyant. O cap?tulo II teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da poda e da sua associa??o com inibidores de crescimento em esp?cies arb?reas. Foram realizados quatro experimentos com as plantas Sabi?, Sombreiro, e Pepino (Avalia??o de fitotoxidade a herbicidas). Os experimentos foram instalados no Departamento de Fitotecnia-UFRRJ, Serop?dica-RJ. No experimento 1 (Sabi?) todas as plantas foram decepadas a 2 m de altura, e foram aplicados os tratamentos: Testemunha; 2,4-D+Picloram; e Picloram. No experimento 2 (Sabi?) todas as plantas foram podadas retirando 1/3 da copa e aplicando os tratamentos: Testemunha, HCl, AlCl3, Picloram e Corte rente (Sem poda de 1/3 da copa). O experimento 3 (Sombreiro) teve como tratamentos tipos de corte em rela??o ao tronco principal: rente, deixando toco de 20 cm e de 40 cm. O experimento 4 (Pepino) foi instalado no solo proveniente do primeiro experimento com Sabi?. No experimento 1, o tratamento com Picloram atrasou o in?cio da rebrota, fator importante para o presente estudo, a fim de que demorem chegar ? fia??o de energia el?trica. No experimento 2, apenas o tratamento Picloram apresentou comprimento e di?metro de brotos um pouco menores em rela??o aos demais tratamentos. No experimento 3 foi verificado que o corte rente n?o apresentou novas brota??es at? os 145 dias ap?s a poda. No experimento 4 o pepino apresentou toxidez mais intensa no tratamento com Picloram. Conclui-se que o Picloram e 2,4-D+Picloram foram eficientes para manejo de brota??es em plantas adultas de Sabi?, pois apresentaram brota??es com comprimentos pequenos, atrasando a realiza??o de nova poda. Em plantas de Sombreiro o corte rente foi eficiente, n?o apresentando brota??es. Ocorreu toxidez por Picloram em plantas de Pepino
Silva, Luzia Ferreira da. "Interceptação da chuva nas espécies de Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa DC.) e Tipuana (Tipuana tipu O. kuntze)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-05082008-144834/.
Повний текст джерелаClimate studies are receiving more attention in the environmental field, especially concerning air quality (atmosphere pollution), thermal comfort (heat islands) and pluvial impacts (urban flood generators). In the latter, the rain causes disturbance of the population and the competent public organ, due the extreme events that are increasing in the whole world. Theses events can come as a precipitation of very intensity in a short period of time, as well as a prolonged drought in a given location. The issue is worrisome and controversial, however a managerial solution is necessary and urgent, particularly about the hydrologic system for each situation so that the losses caused by floods do not become more devastating than now. With these purpose in mind, a study was carried out at the campus of \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture (University of Sao Paulo), Piracicaba, Brazil, from January to February 2007, in order to measure the rainfall interception by the crows of urban trees and estimate the rainfall interception that they provide to potentially minimize urban flood events. The rainfall interception was evaluated in the two commonly used species in forest urban spaces by the measurement of interception (I) or interception losses, throughfall (Th), stemflow (St) and gross precipitation (Pg). The chosen trees were more than 50 year-old specimens of Caesalpinia pluviosa DC. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae) or sibipiruna, and Tipuana tipu O. Kuntze (Fabaceae: Faboideae) or tipuana, both displayed as three isolated individuals and three grouped individuals. Measurements were carried out by collecting the water falling by the edges and in the centre of the canopies. A high correlation of Th with Pg was observed on the centre of the crow of tipuana and by the edges of sibipiruna. St and I had low correlation with Pg for both species. . The rain interception mean was higher by the edges of the crow of sibipiruna individuals, 60.6%, and in the centre of the tipuana crow, 59.40%.The mean of the rainfall interception was 78.73% for one isolated sibipiruna by the edge of the crow and 80.94% for grouped tipuanas in centre of the crow, when the total precipitation ranged between 0 and 2.5 mm. For total precipitation values between 2.5 and 5.0 mm, the interception mean was 53.60% for grouped tipuanas by the edge and 51.89% in isolated tipuanas in the crow center. Thus, both species show a great potential to be planted in urban environmental, especially for the tipuana species, which presented the capacity of contributing better to reduce or minimize floods in cities.
Lago, Patricia Alexandra Almeida dos Santos. "A utilização de quarteirões-tipo nas estratégias de regeneração urbana nos centros históricos." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1220.
Повний текст джерелаO objecto teórico da presente dissertação reside na articulação entre as características físicas do tecido urbano e a problemática da viabilidade económica das operações de regeneração urbana dos centros históricos. Deste modo, o estudo pretende detectar através da utilização de quarteirões-tipo, qual o papel das variáveis morfológicas na viabilidade económico/financeira das intervenções. Para a selecção dos quarteirões tipo foi criada uma metodologia de levantamento e processamento de informação que definiu de forma rápida e expedita através da utilização de parâmetros e coeficientes qualitativos de avaliação, quais os quarteirões prioritários em termos de intervenção, ou seja aqueles que apesar das alterações a que foram sujeitos ao longo dos anos ainda mantêm as características morfo-tipológicas iniciais e que necessitam de obras de reabilitação e finalmente o quarteirão-tipo. De forma a analisarmos qual o papel das variáveis morfológicas na viabilidade económico/financeira das intervenções efectuou-se uma análise de rentabilidade das operações de regeneração urbana nos dois quarteirões seleccionados, representativos de duas morfologias urbanas distintas – Chiado Norte e Baixa Pombalina, utilizando como indicadores comparativos a VAL, a TIR, e o PayBack.
The theoretical concept of the following dissertation is related to the direct association between the physical characteristics of the urban elements and the problematic issues within the economic viability of the historical centers. Therefore, this case study intends to detect the role of the morphologic variables in the economic/financial viability of the interventions, by the use of standard model blocks. An information gathering and processing method was created in order to select the standard model blocks that were categorized in a fast and prompt manner by the use of parameters and qualitative coefficients of evaluation, which in turn allowed the selection of the blocks with higher priority status that required intervention. In other words, the standard model blocks that despite of the modifications done along the years, still maintain certain initial morphologic characteristics and require rehabilitation work. In order to analyze the role of the morphologic variables within the economic/financial viability of interventions, one must proceed to access the yield of operations of urban regeneration within the two selected blocks, representing two distinct urban morphologies – Chiado Norte and Baixa Pombalina, and using as comparative indicators the VAL, TIR and PayBack.
Bedoya, Espinoza Carlos, Solís Lucio Ccahuana, Martell Ana Mónica Lucen, and Vásquez Ivar Fernando Salinas. "Proceso de saneamiento de un terreno rústico para una habilitación urbana tipo A, caso práctico Habilitación urbana El Remanso II." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. Escuela de Postgrado, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273990.
Повний текст джерелаPelá, Flávia Porto. "Associação do polimorfismo INS-VNTR com a susceptibilidade ao diabetes mellitus tipo 1, tipo 2 e gestacional na população urbana brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-22042013-110542/.
Повний текст джерелаDiabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin activity or both. It is classified into four clinical classes i) type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), ii) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), iii) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), iv) other specific types. Among the genes known to influence the mechanism of production and release of insulin, the insulin gene (INS) has been well characterized in disease susceptibility. The INS promoter has been studied in different worldwide populations due to its ability to modulate expression levels of insulin in the thymus and pancreas, in accordance with the type of diabetes. The major polymorphic site is located 596bp upstream from the translation initiation site of the INS gene and it is structured into minisatellite alleles (ACAGGGGTGTGGGG). The shorter class I alleles (30 60 repeats) confers predisposition to DM1 and the longer class III (120 170 repeats) confers protection to DM1; however, the latter allele has also shown to be correlated with DM2, obesity in children and juvenile individuals, and increased cardiovascular risks. This study aims to analyze the association of a polymorphic site at promoter region of the INS gene with diabetes phenotypes, with the purpose of evaluating this region as a possible genetic marker of the disease, and the possible influence on demographic, clinical and laboratory features in a sample of the urban Brazilian population. We analyzed 189 T1DM patients, 116 T2DM patients, 68 GDM patients and 339 healthy individuals from the region of Ribeirão Preto, SP. DNA extraction was performed using a salting-out procedure, followed by amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of the fragment relating to INS gene promoter, which contains another polymorphism, -23HphI, which is in perfect linkage disequilibrium (r2 1) with the INS-VNTR, making it an useful genetic marker. We observed that the class I allele and class I : class I genotype are associated with predisposition to T1DM, whereas, class III allele, predominantly in homozygosity, is associated to T1DM protection. In relation to T2DM, the class I : class III genotype has been associated with susceptibility to disease. Finally, no genotype was correlated with GDM. Data stratification according to demographical, clinical and laboratory variables, indicated that gender, skin color seemed to influence the frequency of the INS-VNTR polymorphism; i. e., the class I : class I genotype was more frequent in male T1DM patients. On the other hand, the presence of the class III : class III genotype was associated with susceptibility the development of retinopathy (p=0,0020; OR= 0,05333; 95% I.C. 0,007839 - 0,3629). In T2DM patients, a trend association was observed between the class III : class III genotype with female diabetic patients. In relation to GDM, the genotypes class I : class I and class I : class III were associated with decreased glucose levels in relation to patients exhibiting the class III : class III genotype. This is the first study of the INS-VNTR polymorphism encompassing the major types if DM patients from the same geographical region, which showed a differential pattern of susceptibility according to the underlying type of DM.
Arias, Bramon Milagros Del pilar, and Gutierrez Sandra Susana Ramirez. "Apoyo familiar y Prácticas de Autocuidado del Adulto Mayor con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Zona Urbana, Distrito de Pachacámac." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2013. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/328.
Повний текст джерелаApaoblaza, Augsburger Pablo Ignacio. "Diseño estructural de una turbina de eje vertical para aplicaciones urbanas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116500.
Повний текст джерелаEl trabajo realizado tiene como objetivo desarrollar una metodología de diseño para la estructura de una turbina Darrieus tipo H de tres aspas. La metodología consiste en determinar los esfuerzos asociados a su funcionamiento en condiciones de viento definidas como de zonas urbanas. Se enfoca principalmente en dos elementos clave de la estructura de estas turbinas, los conectores entre álabe y eje, y el mismo eje de la turbina. Estos elementos están sometidos a momentos y torques pulsantes debido al cambio del ángulo de ataque en las aspas de la turbina a medida que esta gira. La modelación de las fuerzas ejercida por el viento sobre los álabes de la turbina se realiza utilizando el modelo Double-Multiple Streamtube. Este se usa comúnmente para la determinación de los coeficientes de potencia, normal y tangencial en turbinas de eje vertical. El objetivo es definir las dimensiones de los elementos clave de manera que soporten las condiciones de funcionamiento. Para esto se realizan primeramente cálculos teóricos para determinar las dimensiones según algunos criterios de diseño (p.ej. falla por fatiga de Goodman) para posteriormente simular lo obtenido en un software de elementos finitos y verificar los resultados. Por otro lado, es necesario verificar que el conjunto de estructuras sea funcional en términos de las vibraciones asociadas al movimiento. Se realizan por lo tanto análisis modales de frecuencia natural de manera teórica, los cuales también se comparan posteriormente con lo simulado. Al comparar la simulación con los resultados teóricos se puede ver son bastante parecidos. Se obtiene que los resultados teóricos de esfuerzo son mayores que los obtenidos mediante la simulación. Esto se puede explicar por la diferencia en las condiciones de borde, la diferencia en el método de cálculo y en menor medida a aproximaciones y simplificaciones. Sin embargo los resultados son favorables. Por otro lado, la frecuencia natural obtenida por ambos métodos es suficiente como para que la turbina no entre en resonancia. Esto quiere decir que la metodología de diseño utilizada para los elementos de la estructura de una turbina Darrieus-H es exitosa y funcionaría sin problemas en condiciones ideales.
Riquero, Paz Paola. "Depresión en pacientes con tuberculosis según tipo de tratamiento de la red urbana del Minsa Chiclayo, 2012." Bachelor's thesis, Chiclayo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/jspui/handle/123456789/393.
Повний текст джерелаRiquero, Paz Paola, and Paz Paola Riquero. "Depresión en pacientes con tuberculosis según tipo de tratamiento de la red urbana del Minsa Chiclayo, 2012." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/337.
Повний текст джерелаTesis
Garcia, Rodrigo Ferreira. "Satisfação com os cuidados perinatais e tipo de parto de adolescentes da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2013. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/315.
Повний текст джерелаPURPOSE: This descriptive study to determine factors influencing the perception of adolescents with perinatal care, type of delivery and choice of future procedures. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study conducted in the city of Pelotas included 481 pregnant teenagers up to 19 years. Frequency analysis of the independent variables (age, skin color, social class, education, living with a partner and perform pre-natal) and perception of perinatal care (satisfaction with the type of delivery) were made eight variables were listed (birth to term, baby with syndrome or problem at birth, type of delivery, pain, satisfaction with health care professionals, control of the situation, or would recommend the procedure and required ICU) which were compared with the type of delivery. RESULTS: It was found that 49,1% (235) of the babies were delivered vaginally and 50,9% (244) by caesarean section. 77,3% (368) of the adolescents showed themselves satisfied with the quality of care provided by health professionals during childbirth, the greatest degree of dissatisfaction was those who underwent cesarean delivery (67,9%). The pain was experienced intensely by 43,7% (209) of adolescents, reported not having felt pain was higher among those who underwent cesarean delivery (71,2%). About how much control of the situation felt 35,3% (159) felt inserted in the process, with no significant difference between the different types of delivery. Recommend or repeat the same procedure experienced 45,9 % (213) of the adolescents, and of these 65,3% (139) underwent vaginal delivery and 34,7% (74) C-section. CONCLUSION: Although the percentage of pain sensation in pregnant adolescents who underwent vaginal delivery was higher than in those who underwent cesarean delivery, most of these proved to be satisfied with the quality of the care and recommend and/or do the same procedure on future
OBJETIVO: Estudo descritivo para determinar fatores capazes de influenciar a percepção de adolescentes com o atendimento perinatal, tipo de parto e a escolha de futuros procedimentos. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal aninhado em um estudo de coorte, realizado na cidade de Pelotas-RS, incluiu 481 gestantes adolescentes com até 19 anos. Foram feitas análises de frequência das variáveis independentes (idade, cor da pele, classe social, escolaridade, morar com companheiro e realizar pré-natal) e para percepção do atendimento perinatal (satisfação com o tipo de parto) foram elencadas oito variáveis (nascimento a termo, bebê com síndrome ou problema ao nascer, tipo de parto, dor, satisfação de cuidados com os profissionais de saúde, controle da situação, recomendaria ou faria o procedimento e precisou de UTI) as quais foram comparadas com o tipo de parto. RESULTADOS: foi constatado que 49,1% (235) dos partos foram realizados por via vaginal e 50,9% (244) por cesariana. 77,3% (368) das adolescentes se mostravam satisfeitas com a qualidade dos cuidados prestados pelos profissionais de saúde durante o parto, o maior grau de insatisfação foi daquelas que realizaram parto cesariano (67,9%). A dor foi vivenciada de forma intensa por 43,7% (209) das adolescentes, o relato de não ter sentido dor foi maior naquelas que realizaram parto cesariano (71,2%).Sobre o quanto sentiu controle da situação 35,3% (159) sentiram-se inseridas no processo, não havendo diferença significativa entre os diferentes tipos de parto.Recomendariam ou repetiriam o mesmo procedimento vivenciado 45,9% (213) das adolescentes, sendo que destas 65,3% (139) realizaram parto por via vaginal e 34,7% (74) cesariana.CONCLUSÃO: Embora o percentual de sensação de dor nas gestantes adolescentes que realizaram parto normal tenha sido maior do que naquelas que realizaram parto cesariano, a maioria destas se mostrou satisfeita com a qualidade dos cuidados dos profissionais e recomendaria e/ou faria o mesmo procedimento no futuro
Urhiafe, Obukohwo Akporovwovwo. "Prioritization : a critical study of the "TIP Program" of the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), of the Boston region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78223.
Повний текст джерелаTitle as it appeared in MIT Graduate list, February, 1989: Prioritization : a critical study of the Transportation Improvement Projects (TIP's) Program of the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), of the Boston region.
Includes bibliographical references.
Obukohwo Akporovwovwo Urhiafe.
M.S.
M.C.P.
Coquillat, Mora Pablo. "Principios de Evolución Urbana La Rua Santa Ifigênia y las vías de comercio especializado en São Paulo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/114026.
Повний текст джерелаAquesta investigació té com a objectiu explorar la possibilitat de sistematitzar en termes teòrics alguns principis d'evolució urbana. Per a fer-ho, l'estudi s'ha desplegat sobre dues vessants de treball simultanis i relacionats. Una vessant es refereix a la investigació d'encuny teòrica, transdisciplinar i especulativa sobre la validació d'arguments evolutius per a l'anàlisi urbana. L'altre cerca verificar a partir de l'estudi de cas pràctic la validesa de les proposicions teòriques. Per al primer, s'han revisat els principis generals de diferents teories evolutives i les seues aproximacions des del camp de l'urbanisme i de l'arquitectura, i s'ha sintetitzat el contingut que pot ser aplicable en el domini disciplinar urbanístic. Per al segon, s'ha procedit a l'anàlisi evolutiva de la rua Santa Ifigênia en São Paulo (Brasil), una via intensament especialitzada en comerç minorista de tecnologia popular, i de la qual s'han posat en relació estudis del seu desenvolupament morfològic, la seua especialització comercial, la seua evolució tipològica i el marc normatiu al qual se circumscriu. Finalment, la tesi ha cercat contrastar les troballes oposades en la rua Santa Ifigênia amb la resta de vies de comerç minorista especialitzat de la ciutat de São Paulo a través de l'estudi comparat. L'elecció de la ciutat de São Paulo com a lloc d'investigació resulta de l'experiència que l'autor ha desenvolupat en aquesta ciutat al llarg dels anys com a fruit d'un intercanvi d'estudis doctorals entre la Universitat Politècnica de València i la Universidade de São Paulo. L'estudi de l'urbà en termes evolutius ha portat a col·lació una revisió del concepte de tipus, element substancial en una teoria que cerca enllaçar passat i present a partir d'una successió contínua de fets. Conjecturem que aquest concepte ha sigut explorat històricament només en part des de posicionaments formalistes i essencialistes, i que promet oportunitats de reconceptualizar la teoria urbana des d'un estudi ampliat de les possibilitats de variació dels objectes urbans. A la llum de les troballes oposades en l'evolució tipològica de la rua Santa Ifigênia s'han pogut establir cicles edificatoris on els tipus convergeixen singularment en la seua variació. S'ha realitzat una exposició de les actuals teories cícliques del canvi urbà i presentem una proposta per a la ciutat de São Paulo. La investigació sobre l'especialització comercial de la rua Santa Ifigênia permet enunciar certes hipòtesis en relació amb la formació de funcions urbanes des de dinàmiques bottom-up. La transformació edificatòria gradual, la colonització progressiva dels espais construïts, la durada del procés d'especialització i les conseqüències per a la resta de funcions semblen ser característiques recurrents dels processos urbans de formació de funcions. La importància de l'estudi portat ací a terme, resulta de la seua potencial extrapolació per a la comprensió d'altres funcions urbanes. Discutirem àmpliament l'evolució tipològica de l'edificació de la rua Santa Ifigênia, basant-nos en l'anàlisi de tots els processos edificatoris del carrer registrats per l'administració municipal des de 1893 fins a 2016. Al seu torn, la investigació s'ha complementat amb l'estudi històric i normatiu corresponent a cada període. Finalment, s'han analitzat 56 vies de comerç especialitzat minorista de la ciutat de São Paulo, trobant patrons evolutius anàlegs amb la rua Santa Ifigênia i determinant, al seu torn, trets morfològics i tipològics que influeixen en cada especialització particular.
This research seeks to explore the hypothesis of systematizing some principles of urban evolution in theoretical terms. In this sense, the research has developed two simultaneous and related work strategies. One refers to the theoretical, transdisciplinary and speculative research about the validity of evolutionary arguments for urban analysis. The other seeks to verify the theoretical propositions from a practical case study. For the first one, general principles of several evolutionary theories have been revisited from an urban and architectural perspective, and we have summarized the relevant points that can be applied at the urban domain. For the second, we have carried out an evolutionary analysis on Rua Santa Ifigênia in São Paulo (Brazil), an intensely specialized retail street on popular technology. We have related the evolutionary analysis with its morphological development, its commercial specialization, its typological evolution and its regulatory framework. Finally, the research has sought to extrapolate the evolutionary findings for the Rua Santa Ifigênia with the rest of specialized retail streets in the city of São Paulo through comparative analysis. The choice of the city of São Paulo as the object of research results from the author's experience at this city over the last years as a result of a doctoral exchange between the Technical University of Valencia and São Paulo University. The study of the urban from an evolutionary view has suggested a pertinent review of the concept of type, being this a significant element of any theory that seeks to link past and present from a continuous succession of events. We conjecture that in the past this concept has been explored partly from formalist and essentialist propositions, and it opens new opportunities up to reconceptualize urban theory from an extended study of variation in urban objects. The results found in the typological evolution of Rua Santa Ifigênia have showed the existence of building cycles in which the variation of the building types converge exceptionally. We will show a compendium of cycle theories about urban change and a proposal of urban cycles for the city of São Paulo. The research on Rua Santa Ifigênia's retail specialization suggest certain assumptions about the formation of urban functions from bottom-up dynamics. The gradual building transformations, the progressive colonization of the built-up area, the duration of the process of specialization and the consequences for other functions seem to be recurring characteristics of urban processes of function formation. Therefore, the value of the research here is its potential extrapolation for the understanding of other urban functions. We will widely discuss the typological-building evolution for Rua Santa Ifigênia, based on the analysis of all the building activity reported by the municipal administration from 1893 until 2016. At the same time, research has been supplemented with historical and normative study for each period. Finally, we have analysed 56 specialized retail streets in the city of São Paulo, finding similar evolutionary patterns as for the Rua Santa Ifigênia and determining, in turn, morphological and typological features that influence each retail specialization.
Coquillat Mora, P. (2018). Principios de Evolución Urbana La Rua Santa Ifigênia y las vías de comercio especializado en São Paulo [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/114026
TESIS
Si-Mohammed, Djamal. "La croissance urbaine d'une ville d'Algérie : Tizi-Ouzou. Intégration dans le contexte national et rapports avec l'arrière-pays." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D314.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we examined the principal characteristics of the urban growth of an algerian town : tizi-ouzou. After having situated tizi-ouzou in the thirld world, we studied its evolution in the algerian urban system. This was the first part of the thesis which allowed us to notice that the development of the city contained many specificities, without saying, however, that this process constituted a "specialcase" in algeria and in the thrild world. The second part of this thesis concerned the urban growth of tizi-ouzou, and was based on the study of the urban politics which was applied by the local authorities in the town ; we noted that this politics was defined by the state, who didn't consider the regional and the local aspect of the question. However, the applying of the urban politics was rather well executed by the local responsables. The study of the urbanization in the city showed us that the process was extremely rapid and transformed entirely the physiognomy of the town in under 20 years. But now, the intensity of the urbanization"s process in tizi-ouzou diminished, because its coasts (monetary and no-monetary) became more important and also for other reasons which we saw in the following points of the thesis. In the last part of this work, based on the study of the relationship of the town with its rural zone, we noticed that the "back-country" of tizi-ouzou was not associated to the development of the town, and remained "under-equiped"
Menéndez, Monzonís Laura. "La Calidad de Vida Urbana medida a través del tipo de acceso al agua potable. el caso de Cochabamba, Bolivia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323086.
Повний текст джерелаLa presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la calidad de vida de una población a partir su tipo de acceso al agua potable, especialmente en las zonas donde no existe cobertura de la red pública. Para ello se diseña un Índice de Calidad de Vida Urbana (ICVU) en el que el acceso al agua potable es un factor determinante. Esta herramienta da respuesta a los estudios internacionales que demuestran que el agua es un factor esencial en la calidad de vida de una sociedad y por tanto no debe considerarse tan sólo como una variable más dentro de la dimensión del hábitat (como hasta el momento se ha considerado en los métodos existentes para el cálculo de la calidad de vida).
Por otro lado, el estudio del caso se ha realizado en el área sin cobertura de agua potable de la ciudad de Cochabamba (Bolivia). Por lo que, además del objetivo principal mencionado, ha contribuido a dar solución al problema de la carencia de información de la zona. La obtención de estos datos actualizados y representativos es de gran importancia ya que permite hacer un diagnóstico adecuado de la zona más vulnerable de la ciudad y por tanto será de gran utilidad a la hora de proyectar futuras intervenciones, especialmente en aquellas relacionadas con la mejora del acceso al agua y la calidad de vida de los habitantes.
Batista, Nelson António Martins da Costa. "Novo aerogerador de eixo vertical integrado numa rede inteligente em contexto urbano." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11198.
Повний текст джерелаMENEZES, Tainá Marçal dos Santos. "Referências ao projeto de arquitetura pelo tipo palafita amazônico na vila da barca (BELÉM – PA)." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8620.
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Apresenta-se um estudo realizado em área de intervenção governamental de reassentamento habitacional denominada Vila da Barca, na cidade de Belém-PA. A pesquisa relaciona teoria e prática da arquitetura no âmbito do projeto do edifício através de categorias analíticas de natureza topológica, descritas e caracterizadas pelo tipo palafita amazônico, a fim de destacar a importância do ato de projetar a habitação social por meio do significado da tradição amazônica. Discute-se a incorporação do tipo como ponto de partida do projeto e como parte de um processo projetual sistêmico. A estratégia metodológica adotada centra-se na relação entre espaço físico e vivência dos usuários avaliada no contexto da produção informal da habitação na Comunidade Vila da Barca e da produção formal da habitação na ação governamental Projeto Vila da Barca. Os resultados encontrados na área de produção informal de habitação evidenciaram a forte identificação dos moradores com os elementos de base topológica do tipo palafita amazônico, demonstrando o significado das relações espaciais investigadas referentes à tradição do habitar ribeirinho na Amazônia. A mesma relação foi observada nas unidades habitacionais do Projeto Vila da Barca que sofreram modificações pelos moradores ao longo do seu processo de adaptação ao reassentamento habitacional. Conclui-se que a discussão do processo projetual sistêmico, com apoio teórico da Cibernética, tem no tipo um importante indicador de qualidade arquitetônica.
A study carried out in an area of government policy for housing resettlement called Vila da Barca, in Belém-PA, is presented. The research relates theory and practice of architecture in the building design scope by means of analytical categories of topological nature, described and characterized by the amazon stilt house type, in order to highlight the importance of the act of designing social housing by the meaning of the Amazonian tradition. The incorporation of the type as a starting point for designing and as part of a systemic design process is discussed. The methodological strategy adopted focuses on the relationship between physical space and experience of dwellers evaluated in the context of informal production of housing in the Vila da Barca community and of formal production of housing in government action Vila da Barca's Project. The results found in the area of informal production of housing revealed the strong identification of the dwellers with the elements of topological basis of amazon stilt house type, which demonstrates the significance of the spatial relationships investigated referring to the tradition of dwelling riverside in Amazon. The same relationship was observed in housing units of the Vila da Barca Project that have been modified by dwellers throughout their process of adaptation to the resettlement housing. It is concluded that the discussion of systemic design process with theoretical support of cybernetics, has in the type an important indicator of architectural quality.
Rollo, Francisco Martins de Almeida. "Identificação de padrões de resposta à tomografia de impulso em tipuanas (Tipuana tipu (Benth.) O. Kuntze." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-16032010-142305/.
Повний текст джерелаTrees perform a fundamental role in environmental quality of urban environments. As the urban forest is often exposed to inadequate management actions, such as improperly pruning, techniques to evaluate the quality of individuals and the risk of trees falling are essential to reduce the possible hazard to urban equipment and the risk to city dwellers. The visual tree assessment developed for the identification of biomechanical problems made it possible for hazard assessments to be conducted. In these methods, detailed inspections regarding the extent of the lesions found in the root collar and trunk are recommended for those who had clear signs of injuries that can affect their stability. Among the techniques used for the recognition of internal injuries, tree tomography is noted for providing information regarding an entire cross-section evaluated with only one measurement, generating an image that identifies the position and extent of injured areas. Being a relatively new method, studies aimed to identifying the tomography response in different species are needed, thus to enable an accurate identification of the injured areas. This work aimed to test the reliability of the information generated by the impulse tomography and to identify patterns of response on tipuana trees (Tipuana tipu (Benth.) O. Kuntze). Thirty-nine individuals of tipuana that presented signs of injury, decay, leaning or other factors that could affect its stability or development were evaluated by this technique. The speed of mechanical wave propagation obtained by the impulse tomography was crossed to resistograph measurements readings of resistance to penetration in order to identify the correlation between impulse tomography and a method widely known for the quantification of internal injuries (resistograph). The imagery showing clear signs of injury was evaluated statistically, allowing to identify that mechanical waves propagation with speed equal or lower than 729,65 m.s-1 represents injured tissues for the specie. The peripheral lesion areas evaluated did not show statistically significant differences in the speeds found. Statistical analysis indicates that there was a strong correlation between the readings of impulse tomography and resistograph. The coefficient of determination (R²) equal to 0.9977 was obtained in the adopted model. Impulse tomography is an important tool to complement the visual assessment of trees, allowing the precise identification and quantification of internal injuries in the evaluated cross-section.
Monticone, Eugenio Apollinare. "Gerenciamento de fluxos veiculares urbanos por meio de um simulador agregado: proposta de um novo tipo de simulação por sistemas híbridos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-01022016-175214/.
Повний текст джерелаThe traffic of new-millennium metropolises is one of the problems that most cause resources waste, consequently reducing the quality of life in these metropolises. The costs related to a series of causes make the use of vehicles at rush times be twice as frequent as during other times. The traffic also generates pollution, hence contributing to pulmonary diseases. The infrastructures operational planning problems in big cities is a complex issue. Such big problems still cannot be fully faced by modern computer systems. This can be solved dividing the cities into areas where it is possible to run studies to solve local situations. The circulation between distant areas in metropolises can be done via express motorways, which can be globally improved. With the expansion of big cities and their vehicles, the infrastructures frequently become inadequate and the stream invades neighborhoods. The aim of the present work is to improve the capacity of neighborhoods streams, offering besides technical norms, a global optimization based on local results. The optimization system needs a test that evaluates the chosen solutions along the process. In traffic engineering literature, there are different levels of traffic analysis that generate the three simulation model categories. These categories are named microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic models, but none of them is able to be used as test to the proposed system. In this work, it is proposed a simulator that abstracts the concept of road network, reducing the computer expenses up to the simulation of a whole city. The study technic pruioposed in the tests shows itself as useful in certain situations, but still must be confronted with new technologies able to refine the operational plans in real time based on the sensors and cameras data.
Lopes, Erika. "O Projeto Linha Verde e a remoção de cinco vilas: um estudo de caso da prática do desfavelamento de novo tipo no espaço urbano de Belo Horizonte." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MPBB-8AWDPV.
Повний текст джерелаTapia, Gutiérrez Diego Ismael. "Efecto del tipo de anclaje en la disipación de energía sísmica, en estructuras de acero urbanas estructuradas en base a marcos concéntricamente arriostrados." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148351.
Повний текст джерелаLa estructuración en acero en estructuras urbanas es una práctica que no es muy aplicada en Chile, pero sí es aplicada en el caso del área industrial nacional, práctica que propone (y utiliza) un elemento adicional en el anclaje de la estructura a su fundación, llamado silla de anclaje. Este elemento forma parte del anclaje de la estructura a su fundación, y se diseña de forma que falle de manera dúctil, en cambio, en la práctica norteamericana, que es referencia principal en la normativa de diseño sísmico chilena para estructuras de acero, el anclaje a la fundación se diseña de forma que su comportamiento esperado sea del tipo elástico-lineal. Este estudio analiza el efecto del tipo de anclaje a la fundación de la estructura, en cuanto al desempeño ante eventos sísmicos de grandes magnitudes en territorio nacional. Con este fin se diseñan dos conjuntos de tres edificios de oficina, de 3, 6 y 9 pisos de altura, en donde la variación entre los grupos es el tipo de anclaje utilizado, con el fin de evaluar su desempeño sísmico. En general, los diseños quedan controlados por el corte mínimo normativo, salvo el caso del modelo más bajo. Los modelos incluyen el comportamiento no lineal para los elementos fusibles de la estructura, que son los encargados de la disipación de la energía sísmica ingresada en los análisis dinámicos. Los análisis realizados son del tipo no lineal estático (push-over) y dinámico (tiempo-historia). Para este último se consideran 10 eventos sísmicos registrados en estaciones a lo largo del país, resultando en 20 registros utilizados (dos direcciones por estación), todos incluyendo su respectiva componente vertical, y que datan desde el terremoto de Valparaíso del año 1985 hasta el sismo registrado en Iquique el año 2014. El desempeño de los modelos es evaluado en base al cálculo de los factores de modificación de la respuesta sísmica, de acuerdo con la metodología presente en el estándar FEMA P695. Los resultados de los análisis estáticos realizados muestran una gran dependencia de la resistencia de la estructura en cuanto a la participación de la silla de anclaje, siendo lo que limita el comportamiento para el caso de la estructura más rígida (modelo de 3 pisos). Los resultados del análisis dinámico muestran que la disipación de energía sísmica aumenta cuando se incluye el anclaje dúctil, y aumenta la altura del modelo.
Chuquihuamaní, Altamirano Karen Elizabeth. "Diagnóstico y propuesta de mejora en el servicio expreso de un sistema de transporte público, urbano y masivo de tipo BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) en la ciudad de Lima empleando simulación de eventos discretos." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10202.
Повний текст джерелаTesis
Rocha, Silvio Jose Jaeger. "Modelo de simulação e correlação entre as formas de ocupação construtiva do parcelamento urbano de base ortogonal : edifícios tipo "torre" "fita" e "quarteirão", suas variações volumétricas e seus custos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131472.
Повний текст джерелаThe pattern proposed in this work has the purpose to instrument planning professionals, as well as urban and archi tectural designers, enabling them to simulate their formal proposals to occupy wi th constructions the urban grounds and check your performance taking into consideration their costs. It proposes to establish standards for deciding about the choice of determined formal solut ions based on their comparative and estimated costs, not as the only rule but as one more measuring instrument in the process to obtain the opt imal appropriateness and utilization of the urban grounds. It intends to answer questions as: - How much does i t cost to occupy an urban block and construct on it buildings of different types, dimensions and shapes? And, how many buildings? What are the ordering parameters of urban control to be considered? Specially, i t establishes a reference chart and pat terns that correlates constructions costs of substructure and buildings , the di fferent shapes and types of urban blocks and constructions and their dimensional variations. It analyses and correlates the main types of constructions occupying the orthogonal urban parcels - building of the type “tower”, “line-up” ( in line) and “block” – their dimensional variations and those of their costs within the fixed limi ts for the pat tern val idation (mathematic model) . It enables, by using graphic computat ion, to simulate al ternative formal solutions to occupy the urban grounds. Therefore, it makes possible to analyze cost variations of the many manners of occupying the grounds wi th the interative variation of the several parameters and control indices, for the utilization of the urban grounds, usual ly set up for the cities. It postulates that the shape, proportions and dimensions of the buildings and those of the urban parcels (blocks) with their substructure of general systems (water, gas, sewerage, electric distribution, etc. ) and pavement, as well as the number of the buildings, affect the cost of the construction occupying one determined urban parcel. I ts variations, when are fixed the construction parameters and the utilizat ion and comfort parameters, make costs vary. In chapter 4, it presents a computing program and the mat to use it for the practical application of the model, further to an example of i ts application in the study of a case in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Mansilla, Juan Camilo. "Résistance culturelle hybride des jeunes des quartiers populaires à l’ère du numérique : étude de cas et analyse quali-quantitative comparée (AQQC-QCA) de Medellin, Paris et Sao Paulo." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA123/document.
Повний текст джерелаBased on a qualitative comparative analysis (QQA), a method developed by (Ragin, 1987), we propose a theoretical model of the emergence of transmission of the cultural resistance practices of the low income youth from popular neighborhoods of Medellín (Colombia), Paris (France) and São Paulo (Brazil). Our results indicate that the cultural resistance practices of this population appears in two different settings. The first one (M[P+A] → R) happens when the moral communities (that is, not necessarily located in the same geographical area) reach a strong cultural identity, feeds on stigmatizing information flows from the central media sphere of the city (SMCV), and have either information resources offered by the set of public policies of popular intervention or widespread and free use of information and communication technologies related to the Internet. The second one (OA → R), occurs when the use of the TICs by this youth wins density following the growing perception that the government is not interested in attending theirs demands and needs. The current context of global exchange of real and virtual information a) modifies the cultural hybrid networks associated with moral communities and b) builds an urban experience of individuals starting with hybrid public spaces. Our theoretical proposition serves a better understanding of the evolution of the symbolosphere of the peripheral moral communities in the cities of the digital age and the nature of the information as developed by Schumann et Logan (2005) et Logan (2012)
A partir de un análisis cualitativo comparado (QCA), método concebido por Ragin (1987), proponemos un modelo teórico sobre la emergencia y la transmisión de las prácticas de resistencia cultural de los jóvenes de barrios populares de Medellín (Colombia), Paris (Francia) et São Paulo (Brasil). Nuestros resultados indican que las prácticas de resistencia cultural híbrida de estos jóvenes se producen en dos escenarios. El primero (M[P+A] → R) aparece cuando las comunidades morales (i.e., no necesariamente ubicadas en la misma zona geográfica) con una fuerte identidad colectiva, se alimentan de flujos de información estigmatizantes procedentes de la esfera mediática central de la ciudad (SMCV), y disponen ya sea de recursos informacionales ofrecidos por la existencia de políticas públicas de intervención popular, o bien de un acceso generalizado y libre a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación relacionadas con Internet (TICi). El segundo (OA → R) emerge cuando el uso de las TICi por parte de estos jóvenes aumenta y tienen la percepción de que el gobierno no se interesa en ellos, ni en sus demandas ni en sus necesidades. El contexto global actual de intercambio presencial y virtual de información a) modifica las redes culturales híbridas asociadas a las comunidades morales, y; b) construye la experiencia urbana de los individuos a partir de espacios públicos híbridos. Nuestra propuesta teórica sirve, de manera general, para entender la evolución de la “simbolosfera” de las comunidades morales periféricas urbanas en la era digital, así como la naturaleza de la información propuesta por Schumann et Logan (2005) et Logan (2012)
Com base em uma análise qualitativa comparativa ou “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA), método desenvolvido por (Ragin, 1987), propomos um modelo teórico da emergência e da transmissão de práticas de resistência cultural entre jovens de baixa renda em territórios populares de Medellín (Colômbia), Paris (França) e São Paulo (Brasil). Nossos resultados indicam que as práticas de resistência cultural híbrida desses jovens seguem dois roteiros. O primeiro (M[P+A] → R), quando as comunidades morais (ou seja, não necessariamente localizados na mesma área geográfica) alcançam forte identidade coletiva, alimenta-se de fluxos de informação estigmatizantes oriundos da esfera de mídia central da cidade (SMCV) e dispõem seja de recursos de informação oferecidos pelo conjunto de políticas públicas de intervenção popular, seja de um aceso generalizado e livre as tecnologias de informação e comunicação relacionadas à Internet (TICi). O segundo (OA → R), quando o uso das TICs por esses jovens ganha densidade na medida em que amadurecem a percepção de que o governo não está interessado em atender suas demandas e necessidades. O atual contexto global de troca presencial e virtual de informações a) modifica as redes culturais híbridas associadas a comunidades morais e b) constrói a experiência urbana de indivíduos a partir de espaços públicos híbridos. Nossa proposta teórica serve, mais amplamente, para entender a evolução da “simbolosfera” das comunidades morais periféricas das cidades na era digital e a natureza da informação tal como desenvolvida por Schumann e Logan (2005) e Logan (2012)
Sousa, Carina Isabel Correia de. "Diversidade genética e resistência natural ao Maraviroc em estirpes do vírus da imunodeficiência humana Tipo 1 (HIV-1) em circulação em utilizadores de drogas por via endovenosa na Grande Lisboa." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8170.
Повний текст джерелаAcevedo, Wogl José Luis. "Influencia de la tarifa, el pago de compensaciones y el tipo de empresa sobre la calidad del suministro eléctrico por interrupciones en el sistema de distribución de media tensión urbano." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12439.
Повний текст джерелаThe Technical Standard for the Quality of Electric Services (NTCSE) and other complementary standards establish the quality standards of the urban electrical supply in medium voltage as well as the compensations for their affectation. In case the service provider infringes the aforementioned rules when providing a bad service, he must make a payment for compensation to the affected user. The present investigation determines by means of an econometric model the influence of the Added Value of Distribution (VAD), the payment by compensations to the users and the type of property of the company regulated in the quality of the electrical supply. The model used is of fixed effects and the estimator used is the LSDV (Least Square Dummy Variable), considering the factors of quality: SAIFISAIDI. The empirical evidence in the study period (2010-2016) shows that the mechanism of compensation payments is not the best deterrent for companies to improve the quality of supply, while the Value Added Distribution (VAD) and the type of property of the supplying company, in a relative manner, are incentives to improve the quality of the electricity supply
Tesis
Moya-Llamas, María-José. "Efecto de la carga orgánica en la eliminación de microcontaminantes, materia orgánica y nutrientes en un sistema UASB-MBR escala piloto para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de tipo urbano." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/89788.
Повний текст джерелаOpazo, Bunster Nicolás. "Estimación de la producción de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios de tipo vegetal urbanos, base para un modelo de reciclaje bajo gestión municipal, Comuna de Colina, Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101793.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Los Rios De La Roca Dora Patricia. "ESTUDIO SEMI EMPIRICO DE MUROS DE PIEDRA TIPO PIRCA UTILIZADOS COMO CIMENTACION DE VIVIENDAS EN AA. HH. DE LIMA METROPOLITANA." Universidad Ricardo Palma. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2008. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/urp/2008/rios_dp/html/index-frames.html.
Повний текст джерелаAgüero, Sánchez Alvaro Roger. "Análisis, diseño e implementación de un sistema de información para la ubicación de establecimientos comerciales e interacción con los mismos dentro de sub-centros urbanos de tipo comercial." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5417.
Повний текст джерелаTesis
Brazolin, Sérgio. "Biodeterioração, anatomia do lenho e análise de risco de queda de árvores de tipuana, Tipuana tipu (Benth.) O. Kuntze, nos passeios públicos da cidade de São Paulo, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-20042010-092326/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of the present work were to evaluate the process of biodeterioration in the wood of tipuana trees in the city of São Paulo and to relate the alterations in the anatomical structures and physical and mechanical properties with there falling risk. In the sidewalks of selected regions of the city, 1109 trees were characterized taking into consideration aspects as surroundings, general conditions, dendrometric variables, external and internal biodeterioration and falling risk estimated by using a structural model developed by IPT. The biodeterioration and the resistance mechanisms of the trees were evaluated at a macro and microscopic levels. The alterations on the wood properties were analysed by X-rays densitometry and by performing physical and mechanical tests (specific gravity; bending resistance); the tension distribution in the wood was analyze by finite-elements method. The old aged trees encountered, did not show any sign of decline, eventhough, the general aspect of their surroundings was critical by the inadequate places they were planted; inappropriate management and/or occurrence of injuries. The trees had their trunks deteriorated by xylophagous organisms, mainly fungi and subterranean-termites, and some wood borer beetle too, which affected the heartwood. The association between the presence of the first two organinsms, the dendrometric variables and the risk of falling, was statistically significant at the 5% level. The infestation of the trees by the subterranean-termite Coptotermes gestroi was at high levels, however, it was considered as a secundary plague-organism, because its attack was strongly associated with the previously decayed heartwood by Ganoderma sp.. The decaying fungi observed were classified as white rot and soft rot, being the white rot more common in the heartwood of the trees. As a resistance mechanism of the trees against biodeterioration, it was observed the compartimentalization of the wood characterized by the accumulation of extractives in the cells. Decaying fungi caused significant reductions in the following wood properties: specific gravity, rupture strength to bending and modulus of elasticity either in incipient or intense decay. Trees trunk rupture and falling risk were associated mainly to biodeterioration intensity and dendrometric variables. The alteration of tension distribution in the wood was analyzed in relation to the stage, size and position of the deterioration in the wood of the trees.
PANTINI, SARA. "Analysis and modelling of leachate and gas generation at landfill sites focused on mechanically-biologically treated waste." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203393.
Повний текст джерелаMARCOALDI, PAOLO. "7 tipi di scale. La dimensione urbana della scala tra riti, spazialità e tempo." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918284.
Повний текст джерелаThe history of the stairs is a story of contradictions, including both the practical need to connect places situated at different altitudes, and the will to shape a physical space for the most important spiritual aspirations of man. So the semantic universe of the stairs ranges from the spectacular buildings for the ritual ascent, to the labyrinthine theaters to reach impossible goals.
Faria, Catarina Alexandra Santos. "Avaliação do teor e tipo de partículas e nanopartículas existentes em obras de reabilitação urbana." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/7263.
Повний текст джерелаA desertificação dos centros históricos tem vindo a ser assumida como um dos grandes problemas urbanísticos e de ordenamento do território das cidades atuais. Este fenómeno deve-se à melhor oferta de qualidade de vida nos arredores, habitações com melhores condições e custos mais competitivos, proximidade aos locais de trabalho e problemas de mobilidade. Assim, os centros urbanos foram ficando despovoados, degradados, com problemas de sanidade, sociais e de segurança. Os processos de reabilitação urbana são processos lentos e complicados, dado o elevado número de fatores que têm de ser considerados nas políticas de intervenção, considerando a relevância do problema. Vários mecanismos de reabilitação urbana foram já implementados, uns com maiores índices de sucesso e outros com resultados mais insignificantes. A presente dissertação incide num estudo experimental de avaliação e caracterização do teor e do tipo de partículas e nanopartículas potencialmente existentes em obras de reabilitação urbana. Para tal, foram recolhidas amostras, num edifício reabilitado na baixa da cidade do Porto. A primeira recolha foi feita antes de iniciada a reabilitação e a segunda e última, após conclusão da obra. As amostras foram avaliadas com vista a determinar qual o tipo de partículas presentes, composição química, morfologia e dimensão. Para a caracterização química e morfológica recorreu-se às técnicas de Microscopia Eletrónica de Varrimento (MEV) (Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM), Espectroscopia Dispersiva Raios-X (EDS), Difração de Raios-X (DRX). Conclui-se que, da fase de demolição para a fase de reabilitação, surgiram novos elementos como P, Cl, Al, Na e Ti, mantendo os elementos iniciais, Si, Ca, Mg, S, K, Fe e Al. Em contrapartida houve um elemento que foi eliminado no processo, o Zn. Em análise de DRX, da fase de demolição para a fase de reabilitação, existem modificações significativas, nomeadamente o desaparecimento de compostos como Biotite e Muscovite e aparecimento de novos componentes, como o Gesso.
Desertification of historic centers has been considered as one of the great urban problems and of spatial planning on our cities. This phenomenon is due to a better quality of life on the suburbs, houses with better conditions and more competitive costs, workplaces proximity and mobility problems. As a consequence, urban centers have been depopulated and degraded, presenting health and security problems. Urban rehabilitation processes are slow and complicated, due to the large number of factors that must be considered and taking into account the relevance of the problem. Several urban renewal mechanisms have been implemented, some with higher success levels and others with insignificant results. This dissertation focuses on an experimental study of evaluation, characterization, amount and type of particles, and potentially existing nanoparticles, found in urban rehabilitation works. With this purpose, several samples were collected in a building located in Porto downtown. The first samples were collected before the beginning of the rehabilitation process and the second and final, after completion of the work. The samples were evaluated in order to determine the type, chemical composition, morphology and size of the collected particles. In order to obtain chemical and morphological characterization, the following techniques were used: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X-rays (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It was observed that, from the demolition to the rehabilitation phase, new elements such as P, Cl, Al, Na and Ti appeared, and some of the initial elements, such as, Si, Ca, Mg, S, K, Fe and Al, were maintained. In contrast there was one element, Zn, which was eliminated during the process. Using XRD analysis it was possible to conclude that, from the demolition the rehabilitation phase, there were significant changes, in particular the disappearance of compounds as Biotite and Muscovite and appearance of new components, such as gypsum.
RIGGI, GLORIA. "Architetture per l'aggregazione. Dal modello al tipo per differenti forme di socialità." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1360072.
Повний текст джерелаCarbone, Marco, Patrizia Piro, and Paolo Veltri. "Caratterizzazione delle acque di una rete di drenaggio di tipo misto come supporto alla scelta di sistemi di trattamento." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/520.
Повний текст джерелаMartins, Afonso Nuno Henrique. "A persistência do tipo: seguindo as pegadas dos planos e dos regulamentos urbanos nas formas das casas de Coimbra." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/3137.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the interdependence between traditional neighbourhoods, building types and the image of the city as well as on the interaction between building regulations and residential forms. The identification of a set of typological systems, based on the morpho-typologic axiom developed in Italy, in both Milan and Venetian architecture schools, in the 1950’s and 1960’s, brings us the possibility to structure the image of the city of Coimbra. The methodology is based on the study of the common housing types which constitute the majority of the city buildings. By analyzing more than two hundred construction licenses in the city council archives, dated from 1940 to 2002, I have tried to understand the dialectic relation between housing types and building regulations and urban planning. This long term research covers four great periods of the modern urban legislation and corresponds to four different city plans implementations. The central hypothesis is that of a well-built, long lasting and dialectic bond between those forms, regulations and plans. Complementarily, a second hypothesis stands on the specificity of the aspects of permanence and transformation of changing building types. The conclusions highlight the specific way in which this bond has been established and also in what directions it has been evolving throughout the time. Moreover, it will show the potential of reusing design codes and guidelines to bring back the city identity form. The revisitation of classic building regulations seems to be a positive way to control urban form in the process of rehabilitation of individual and collective houses. The aim is, therefore, to preserve and recreate the city according to the local architectural types. The typological system, founded on the idea of type persistence, aspires to be part of that instrument and recharacterization process.
Brito, Paula. "Reabilitação/reconversão do interior do edifício Arte e Cultura na Covilhã para habitação (tipo loft) e um espaço para exposição." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2173.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, José Filipe da Silva. "Comparação do tipo de atividade física e de dispêndio energético entre alunos de diferentes sexos e contextos sociais (urbano vs. rural)." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/7195.
Повний текст джерелаEste documento surge no âmbito das unidades curriculares de Estágio I e II inseridas no plano de estudos do 2º Ciclo em Ensino da Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário, da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. O presente relatório teve como objetivo descrever toda a experiência vivenciada ao longo do ano letivo enquanto professor estagiário, estando dividido em dois grandes capítulos. Relativamente ao capítulo I este abrange duas áreas de intervenção, sendo elas as tarefas inerentes ao processo de ensino aprendizagem e as tarefas relacionadas com a relação escola-meio, onde são retratadas todas as atividades desenvolvidas. No decorrer do ano houve uma evolução notória em todos os aspetos inerentes ao estágio, tendo para tal contribuído o fato de ser um estágio supervisionado, onde durante todo o ano a professora coorientadora ia realizando análises críticas fundamentadas, assim como também foi fundamental a troca de ideias com os meus colegas de núcleo bem como o apoio do professor orientador. Complementado este relatório, surge o segundo capítulo, sendo apresentado um estudo onde é comparado o tipo de atividade física e o dispêndio energético entre alunos de diferentes sexos e contextos sociais (meio urbano vs. meio rural) por parte de 40 alunos do 3º ciclo da Escola E.B. 2,3 Diogo Cão. Dos 40 alunos que constituem a amostra, 20 são do sexo masculino e 20 do sexo feminino, estando divididos em dois contextos sociais (meio rural e meio urbano) existindo deste modo em cada contexto 10 alunos de cada sexo. Como instrumento utilizou-se um questionário de Bouchard “Bouchard Three-Day Physical Activity Record”. Para a análise das decisões instrucionais emergentes, recorreu-se à estatística descritiva, destacando as medidas de tendência central e de dispersão, tais como a média e o desvio-padrão, valor mínimo e máximo, frequência e percentagem de ocorrências. As variáveis foram comparadas através do t-test de Student para amostras independentes (p≤0.05), sendo adicionalmente calculado também o Effect Size. Para efeitos da interpretação e análise dos resultados, foi utilizada a ANOVA e teste post hoc de Bonferroni, com um nível de significância pré-estabelecido em 0,05%. As conclusões retiradas deste estudo referem que os jovens realizam cada vez menos atividades desportivas, dando preferência a atividades sedentárias; é o sexo masculino que pratica mais atividade física relacionada com o desporto; é no meio urbano que se verifica uma maior prática desportiva; os valores do dispêndio energético são muito mais elevados no meio urbano em comparação com o meio rural, havendo mesmo diferenças significativas (p≤0.05) em relação aos três dias observados.
This document appears inserted in the plan of studies of 2º Cycle in Education of the Physical Education in Educations Basic and Secondary, of the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro. The present report appears with the intention to display all the experience lived deeply throughout the school year while probationary teacher, being divided in two great chapters. Relatively to chapter I this encloses two areas of intervention, being inherent tasks to the education process learning and the tasks related with the relation school-environment, where the developed activities are portrayed all. In elapse of the year it had a well-known evolution in all the inherent tasks to the period of training, having so that such contributed the fact of being a period of training supervised, where during all the year the co-advisor teacher went carrying through based critical analyses, as well as also was basic the exchange of ideas with my colleagues of nucleus as well as the support of the advisor teacher. Complemented this report, appears the chapter II, being presented a study where it is compared the type of physical activity and the energy expense between pupils of different sexes and social contexts (urban versus. rural environment) on the part of the pupils of 3º cycle of School E.B. 2,3 Diogo Cão. Of the 40 pupils who constitute the sample, 20 are of masculine sex and 20 of the feminine sex, being divided in two social contexts (urban versus. rural environment) existing in this way 10 pupils of each sex in each environment. As instrument used a questionnaire of Bouchard “Bouchard Three-Day Physical Activity Record”. For the analysis of emerging instructional decisions, we used descriptive statistics, highlighting the measures of central tendency and dispersion, such as the mean and standard deviation, minimum and maximum value, frequency and percentage of occurrences. The variables were compared using Student's t-test for independent samples (p≤0.05), also additionally being calculated effect size. For the purposes of interpretation and analysis of results, we used the ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni, with a pre-established level of significance at 0.05%. Conclusions from this study indicate that young people perform fewer sports activities, preferring sedentary activities; is the male who practices more physical activity related to sport; It is in the urban environment where there is a higher sports physical activity; the values of energy expenditure are much higher in urban areas compared to rural areas, there are even significant differences (p≤0.05) in the three days observed.
Criulean, Sofia. "Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação Aplicadas aos Sistemas de Recolha de Resíduos Urbanos: Situação Atual e Perspetivas Futuras em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/40895.
Повний текст джерелаBape, Joel Nelson. "Estruturas de Contenção Urbana tipo Muros de Berlim: Análise numérica do comportamento da construção das caves do parque de estacionamento interior ao Quarteirão das Cardosas na cidade Porto." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/2068.
Повний текст джерелаCom a elaboração da presente tese pretende-se contribuir para o melhor conhecimento do comportamento em obra, com recurso à análise numérica, de estruturas de contenção urbana, nomeadamente do tipo muro de Berlim. É apresentada a análise numérica bidimensional do muro de Berlim através do software de elementos finitos PLAXIS. A obra refere-se à construção das caves do parque de estacionamento interior ao Quarteirão das Cardosas, localizado na cidade do Porto, e realizada pela empresa FUNDASOL. Descreve-se de forma detalhada as características do modelo numérico adoptado, desenvolvido com o objectivo principal de optimizar a simulação. Em complemento, é realizado um estudo paramétrico onde são avaliados e aferidos os efeitos de múltiplos factores envolvidos no comportamento global da estrutura ancorada. Foi a partir deste estudo que foi analisada e quantificada a importância relativa de determinados parâmetros no comportamento global da estrutura. Em geral, parâmetros como a deformabilidade do solo, a rigidez da cortina e o préesforço aplicado mostraram-se capazes de provocar grandes oscilações nos diagramas de momentos e nos deslocamentos globais, nas diferentes situações analisadas.
This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of Berlin walls during its phased construction, using a numerical analysis with finite elements. It describes the twodimensional numerical analysis of a Berlin wall, using the finite element software PLAXIS. This wall was necessary for the construction of the basement of a parking area inside the “Quarteirão das Cardosas” in downtown Porto, which was carried out by the FUNDASOL company. The characteristics of the numerical model adopted are fully described, which was developed with the aim of optimize the simulation. In addition, a parametric study was conducted, allowing the analysis and quantification of the effects of multiple parameters involved in the overall behaviour of the anchored structure. Based on this study, the relative importance of certain parameters was discerned. In general, parameters such as soil deformability, wall rigidity and pre-stressing forces applied proved to have a large influence on the wall moments and global displacements, for the various numerical models analyzed.
Rocha, Adélia Cruz. "A literatura não legitimada e a variante portuguesa da chick lit." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4189.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 1990s, a certain kind of fiction appeared mainly written by women for women, flooding the publishing market. The success of this kind of fiction among readers was such that it could not be ignored by the critics, who pointed out its lack of literary status and bad grammar. This kind of fiction however doesn‟t claim to be literature. It aims mainly at entertaining. I am speaking about chick lit, whose main references are Helen Fielding‟s Bridget Jones’s Diary and Candace Bushnell‟s Sex and The City. I am also speaking about light literature, which is, as I argue, the Portuguese version of chick lit. This new kind of women‟s fiction however is not legitimate or canonical literature. It is paraliterature. The scope of my thesis is thus twofold. Firstly, I will try to demonstrate that the term paraliterature is the most adequate to designate the fictional production which is not regarded as legitimate literature by literary critics and scholars. In order to do so, I will approach some of the terms more often used to refer to this kind of literature, such as “popular literature”, “mass literature”, “kitsch literature” or “marginal literature”, among others. By doing so, I will try to point out what explains the use of these terms. I will also speak about some of the circumstances which led to the appearance of this kind of literature. Finally, based on the studies of some French scholars, I will try to answer the following question: what is paraliterature? By giving the answer I will sketch some lines of Couègnas‟s “paraliterary model”. In other words, I will try to clarify the characteristics of the paraliteraty text. Secondly, I will try to prove that light literature is the Portuguese version of chick lit. Thus I will first focus on the definition of chick lit as the post-feminist rewriting of the romance novel. This implies an approach to the romance novel, as well as a reflection on post-feminism. This complex concept is connected with the notions of antifeminism and third wave feminism, since it can be seen both as a discontinuity and a continuity in relation to feminism. In order to achieve this goal, I will focus on essays by some scholars in the field of Women‟s Studies and Cultural Studies. I will also analyse some reference chick lit novels by Anglo-American writers. In Portugal, there is a lack of studies about light literature. Miguel Real is the author who has contributed more to the understanding of this kind of literature, particularly in his two essays about contemporary Portuguese literature, in which he develops the concepts of “Total Urban Realism” and “Journalistic Realism” to speak about light literature. Then as far as fiction is concerned, I will focus mainly on some reference novels by Margarida Rebelo Pinto, the writer who introduced this paraliterary genre in Portugal. I will also analyse the novel Meu Único Grande Amor: Casei-me, by Manuela Gonzaga, since it dialogues with Rebelo Pinto‟s novels and conveys, as I will try to prove, a definition of light literature, thus validating the genre.