Статті в журналах: "TiO2-NTs"

1

Feng, Chun Xiao, Guang Qing Xu, Jun Lv, Zhi Xiang Zheng, and Yu Cheng Wu. "Preparation of TiO₂(Au) Nanotubes by Hydrothermal Method for Photocatalytic Reduction of Cd²⁺ Ions." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.375.

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Highly dispersed TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) were synthesized via the reaction of anatase TiO2 powder with NaOH solution. Au nanoparticles of about 5 nm were deposited on the surface of TiO2-NTs with hydrothermal reduction method. The prepared nanocomposites were well characterized with TEM and XRD. Their photocatalytic properties and reducing ability were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and photocatalytic reduction of Cd2+ ions with different amount of TiO2-NTs and TiO2-NTs (Au) varying from 0.1g to 0.001g. The results from absorption patterns and AAS showed that the absorption intensity of TiO2-NTs (Au) was higher compared with that of TiO2-NTs. Moreover, the concentration of remanent Cd2+ (0.48mg/L) using TiO2-NTs (Au) was lower than that of Cd2+ (0.65mg/L) using TiO2-NTs.

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2

Gao, Dawei, Chunxia Wang, Yu Jian, Weiwei Li, and Pengyu Dong. "Fabrication, characterization and photocatalytic properties of CdS nanoparticles modified by N-doped TiO2 NTs." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0053.

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AbstractHighly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) were prepared by anodic oxidizing method on a surface of Ti substrate. Fabrication of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (N-TiO2 NTs) was carried out by immersion in ammonia solution. CdS nanoparticles loaded N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (CdS/N-TiO2 NTs) were obtained by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results indicate that the TiO2 nanotube diameter and wall thickness are 100 nm to 120 nm and 20 nm to 30 nm, respectively. Moreover, the morphology and structure of the highly ordered TiO2 NTs are not affected by N-doping. Furthermore, CdS nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the surface of TiO2 NTs. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of CdS/N-TiO2 NTs was evaluated by degradation of MO under visible-light irradiation. Compared with TiO2 NTs, N-TiO2 NTs, CdS/N-TiO2 NTs exhibited enhanced photocatalytic properties, and the highest degradation rate of CdS/N-TiO2NTs could reach 97.6 % after 90 min of irradiation.

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3

Dong, Bin, Yong Ming Chai, Yun Qi Liu, and Chen Guang Liu. "Facile Synthesis and High Activity of Novel Ag/TiO₂-NTs Composites for Hydrazine Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1073.

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Novel Ag/TiO2-NTs composites have been synthesized using titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) modified by (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS) as supports. The composites have been characterized by TEM and XRD. The better dispersion of Ag on TiO2-NTs modified by APS can be observed than that of TiO2-NTs without being modified by APS, which implies that APS is helpful for uniform nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic properties of Ag/TiO2-NTs for hydrazine oxidation were investigated in details. Excellent electrocatalytic activity was observed. The results showed that TiO2-NTs have a very good application potential as supporting materials for noble catalysts.

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4

Gu, Di, Baohui Wang, Yanji Zhu, and Hongjun Wu. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Modified Hierarchical TiO2 Nanotubes at Room Temperature." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 3 (2016): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15484.

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As a major indoor air pollutant, formaldehyde released from building and furnishing materials is one of the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) prepared via a facile two-step anodization showed excellent photocatalytic (PC) degradation of formaldehyde at room temperature. Modification with noble metal nanoparticles (NMNs) could further improve the PC activity of TiO2 NTs. The final products of formaldehyde degradation were detected to be CO2 and H2O, which indicated that the mineralization of formaldehyde was the major process in this PC reaction. The reaction rate constants (k) determined for the three catalysts were in the order kTiO2 NTs < kAu/TiO2 NTs < kPt/TiO2 NTs (Pt/TiO2 NTs had the highest PC ability). The significant enhancement of PC performance can be ascribed to the formation of a Schottky junction between the NMNs and TiO2 NTs.

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5

Huang, Ming Xi, Jian Jun Xue, Li Xie, Shi Sheng Ling, Ning Zhou, Yan Hua Cai, and Jia Yan Qian. "Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of CdS Particles Embedded in Highly Ordered TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays Electrode for HCB Degradation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1894.

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Photoelectrocatalytic degradation performance of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was assessed with a newly designed continuous photocatalytic reactor. CdS/TiO2 NTs were successfully prepared by depositing CdS particles on the surface of TiO2 nanotube arrays.The morphology, phase structure and photoelectric properties of CdS/TiO2 NTs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoelectrocatalytic activity of CdS/TiO2 NTs was evaluated in degradation of HCB in aqueous solution. The experimental results show that CdS/TiO2 NTs exhibited higher photoabsorption rate under visible light, bigger photocurrent (value) and improved photocatalytic activity than TiO2 NTs.

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6

Wang, Yi Zhu, Guo Liang Zhang, Feng Bao Zhang та Xiao Bin Fan. "Modified N Doped TiO₂ Nanotubes with Magnetic γ-Fe₂O₃ as Visible Light Photocatalysts". Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (червень 2012): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.20.

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γ-Fe2O3/N-doped TiO2 nanotubes (N-TiO2 NTs) photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a wet chemical method. Visible light responses of this novel catalyst for decomposing methyl orange (MO) in air were also evaluated. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of γ-Fe2O3/N-TiO2 NTs was higher than those of N-doped TiO2 NTs, TiO2 NTs and P25. The characterizations including TEM, EDX and UV/Vis DRS revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles were decorated in/around N-TiO2 NTs and the spectral response was enhanced in visible region. Meanwhile, the catalyst recycled by external magnetic field showed that its photocatalytic efficiency did not decrease obviously.

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7

Jani, Nur Aimi, Mohd Faizal Achoi, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Saifollah Abdullah, Zainovia Lockman, and Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor. "Surface and Structural Properties of TiO₂ Nanotubes Formation via Electrochemical Anodization." Advanced Materials Research 686 (April 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.686.71.

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An electrochemical anodization is a simple and low cost technique, to electrochemically synthesize self-organized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) from 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte with anodization of Ti foil. The FESEM results showed that the average diameter size and length of TiO2 NTs was found between 50 to 60 nm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The surface morphology of arrays TiO2 NTs is uniformly deposited on Ti substrate. While, the cross-sectional of TiO2 NTs revealed that, the TiO2 NTs is arrays alignment and close each other deposited. From current-anodisation time analysis (I-t) indicates that TiO2 nanotubes were start formed at anodisation time 429.03 sec with current flows is 51.69 mA in electrochemical system.

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8

Zuo, Jinlong, Siying Yuan, Yiwen Li, Chong Tan, Zhi Xia, Shaodong Yang, Shiyou Yu, and Junsheng Li. "RSM-Based Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Performance Study of RGO/TiO2 NTs Photoelectrode." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091492.

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In this paper, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared by a modified Hummers method and chemical reduction method, and an RGO/TiO2 NTs (RGO/TiO2 nanotubes) photoelectrode was prepared by the electrochemical deposition method. The as-prepared RGO/TiO2 NTs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their photocatalytic activities were investigated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under simulated solar light irradiation. The SEM and XRD results indicated that the original tubular structure of TiO2-NTs was not changed after RGO modification. The surface of the TiO2 NTs photoelectrode was covered with a non-uniform, flake-shaped reduced graphene oxide film. The thickness of the RGO/TiO2 NTs was increased to about 22.60 nm. The impedance of the RGO/TiO2 NTs was smaller than that of the TiO2 NT photoelectrode. The optimal preparation conditions of RGO/TiO2 NT photoelectrodes were investigated by using a single factor method and response surface method. The best preparation conditions were as follows: deposition potential at 1.19 V, deposition time of 10.27 min, and deposition temperature at 24.94 °C.

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9

Meng, Yang, Jianjun Zhang, Zhunzhun Wang, Jin-Xia Liang, and Chun Zhu. "Theoretical investigation on the photoelectrochemical anticorrosion mechanism of SnO2–TiO2nanotube." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 18, no. 03 (May 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633619500160.

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In this work, the calculated electron density difference, Bader charge analysis and the density of states (DOS) of SnO2–TiO2-nanotubes (NTs) indicate that the electrons are transferred from the Ti atoms of TiO2into the O atoms of (SnO[Formula: see text] in SnO2–TiO2-NTs and the supported (SnO[Formula: see text] cluster acts as the role of storage for photogenerated electrons excited from TiO2-NTs, which is in good agreement with experimental results that the SnO2–TiO2-NTs composite films have higher photocurrent density for photocathodic protection of 304 stainless steel (304SS). The theoretical investigations provide a plausible explanation for the photoelectrochemical anticorrosion mechanism of SnO2–TiO2-NTs using periodic density functional theory (DFT).

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10

Li, Tingting, Zhuhong Wang, Chaochao Liu, Chunmin Tang, Xinkai Wang, Gongsheng Ding, Yichun Ding, and Lixia Yang. "TiO2 Nanotubes/Ag/MoS2 Meshy Photoelectrode with Excellent Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation Activity for Tetracycline Hydrochloride." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090666.

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A novel type of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs)/Ag/MoS2 meshy photoelectrode was fabricated with highly oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays grown from a Ti mesh supporting Ag nanoparticles and three-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets. In this structure, Ag nanoparticles act as bridges to connect MoS2 and TiO2 and pathways for electron transfer, ensuring the abundant production of active electrons, which are the source of •O2−. The TiO2 NTs/Ag/MoS2 mesh can be used as both photocatalyst and electrode, exhibiting enhanced photoelectrocatalytic efficiency in degrading tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). Compared to unmodified TiO2 NTs, the improved photoelectrocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NTs/Ag/MoS2 arise from the formation of Z-scheme heterojunctions, which facilitate the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs through the Schottky barriers at the interfaces of TiO2 NTs–Ag and Ag–MoS2.

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11

Benčina, Metka, Ita Junkar, Rok Zaplotnik, Matjaz Valant, Aleš Iglič, and Miran Mozetič. "Plasma-Induced Crystallization of TiO2 Nanotubes." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040626.

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Facile crystallization of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs), synthesized by electrochemical anodization, with low pressure non-thermal oxygen plasma is reported. The influence of plasma processing conditions on TiO2 NTs crystal structure and morphology was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the first time we report the transition of amorphous TiO2 NTs to anatase and rutile crystal structures upon treatment with highly reactive oxygen plasma. This crystallization process has a strong advantage over the conventional heat treatments as it enables rapid crystallization of the surface. Thus the crystalline structure of NTs is obtained in a few seconds of treatment and it does not disrupt the NTs’ morphology. Such a crystallization approach is especially suitable for medical applications in which stable crystallized nanotubular morphology is desired. The last part of the study thus deals with in vitro biological response of whole blood to the TiO2 NTs. The results indicate that application of such surfaces for blood connecting devices is prospective, as practically no platelet adhesion or activation on crystallized TiO2 NTs surfaces was observed.

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12

Tsvetkov, Nikolai, Liudmila Larina, Jeung Ku Kang, and Oleg Shevaleevskiy. "Sol-Gel Processed TiO2 Nanotube Photoelectrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020296.

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The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) critically depends on the efficiency of electron transport within the TiO2-dye-electrolyte interface. To improve the efficiency of the electron transfer the conventional structure of the working electrode (WE) based on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was replaced with TiO2 nanotubes (NTs). Sol-gel method was used to prepare undoped and Nb-doped TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NTs. The crystallinity and morphology of the WEs were characterized using XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. XPS and PL measurements revealed a higher concentration of oxygen-related defects at the surface of NPs-based electrodes compared to that based on NTs. Replacement of the conventional NPs-based TiO2 WE with alternative led to a 15% increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSCs. The effect is attributed to the more efficient transfer of charge carriers in the NTs-based electrodes due to lower defect concentration. The suggestion was confirmed experimentally by electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements when we observed the higher recombination resistance at the TiO2 NTs-electrolyte interface compared to that at the TiO2 NPs-electrolyte interface. Moreover, Nb-doping of the TiO2 structures yields an additional 14% PCE increase. The application of Nb-doped TiO2 NTs as photo-electrode enables the fabrication of a DSC with an efficiency of 8.1%, which is 35% higher than that of a cell using a TiO2 NPs. Finally, NTs-based DSCs have demonstrated a 65% increase in the PCE value, when light intensity was decreased from 1000 to 10 W/m2 making such kind device be promising alternative indoor PV applications when the intensity of incident light is low.

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13

Meriam Suhaimy, Syazwan Hanani, Chin Wei Lai, Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, Mohd Rafie Johan, and M. R. Hasan. "Analysis of Photocurrent Responses of Anodized TiO₂ Nanotubes Synthesized from Different Organic Electrolytes." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.429.

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Self-organized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) arrays were successfully fabricated via electrochemical anodization of titanium (Ti) foil in an organic electrolyte containing 5wt% of fluoride content. The present work compares two different organic electrolytes (glycerol and ethylene glycol) for the growth of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes by using anodic oxidation strategy. The resultant TiO2 NTs were then subjected to thermal annealing for manipulating the crystalline structure. The SEM images indicated changes in surface morphology of the TiO2 NTs in different electrolytes. It was found that the NT’s dimensional was 56.00nm based on the SEM analyses. Both samples exhibited good photocurrent response; however, TiO2 NTs synthesized in ethylene glycol electrolyte showed promising photocurrent response of 0.385 mA.

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14

Zayed, Mohamed, Salsbeel Samy, Mohamed Shaban, Abeer S. Altowyan, Hany Hamdy, and Ashour M. Ahmed. "Fabrication of TiO2/NiO p-n Nanocomposite for Enhancement Dye Photodegradation under Solar Radiation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12060989.

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A p-n nanocomposite based on TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) and NiO nanoparticles (NPs) was designed and optimized in this study to improve the photocatalytic performance of methylene blue (MB). The hydrothermal technique has been used to produce TiO2/NiO nanocomposites with different NiO NPs weight ratios; 1TiO2:1NiO, 1TiO2:2NiO, and 1TiO2:3NiO. The crystal phase, chemical composition, optical properties, and morphology of TiO2/NiO were explored by various techniques. TiO2 NTs have a monoclinic structure, while NiO NPs have a cubic structure, according to the structural study. The bandgap of TiO2 NTs was reduced from 3.54 eV to 2.69 eV after controlling the NiO NPs weight ratio. The TiO2/2NiO nanocomposite showed the best photodegradation efficiency. Within 45 min of solar light irradiation, the efficiency of MB dye degradation using TiO2/2NiO hits 99.5% versus 73% using pure TiO2 NTs. Furthermore, the catalytic photodegradation efficiency did not deteriorate significantly even after five reusability cycles, intimating the high stability of the TiO2/2NiO nanocomposite. This suggests that the loading of NiO NPs into TiO2 NTs lowers the recombination of photo-produced electron/hole pairs and enlarged solar spectral response range, which results in improved photocatalytic activity. The mechanism of charge transfer in the TiO2/NiO and kinetic models were discussed for the photodegradation of MB.

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15

Lai, Chin Wei, Kung Shiuh Lau, Nur Azimah Abd Samad, and Pui May Chou. "CdSe Species Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes Film Via Chemical Bath Deposition for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance." Current Nanoscience 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413713666171115161041.

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Background: The conversion of sunlight to electrical power has been dominated by solidstate junction devices, often made of silicon. However, this dominance is now being challenged by the emergence of the new generation of water splitting cell (integration of photovoltaic system with an electrolyzer to generate clean and portable H2 energy carrier. This cell normally is based on nanocrystalline materials, which offers the prospect of cheap fabrication together with other attractive feature such as high chemical stability and flexibility in aqueous solution under evolving oxygen (O2) gases. However, nanocrystalline materials are facing few drawback such as recombination losses of charge carriers and less response under visible spectrum. Therefore, an effort to minimize the recombination losses of charge carriers and extended the spectral response of TiO2 NTs into visible spectrum by incorporating an optimum amount of lower band gap and suitable band edge position semiconductor (cadmium selenide [CdSe]) into the lattice of TiO2 NTs. Methods: An efficient approach has been demonstrated in this research work to enhance the solardriven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance by decorating CdSe species into highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) film through a facile and cost-effective chemical bath deposition. Morphology, chemical properties, and electronic structures have been studied. Results: A maximum photocurrent density of ~2.50 mA/cm2 at 0.6V versus Ag/AgCl electrode was exhibited by TiO2 NTs with the presence of approximately 1 at % of CdSe species. The presence of CdSe species offered an improvement of photocurrent density under solar irradiation due to the effective mediators to trap the photo-induced electrons and minimizes the recombination of charge carriers within the lattice of TiO2 NTs. Conclusion: Hybrid CdSe-TiO2 NTs were successfully fabricated through chemical bath deposition method in order to study the synergistic coupling effect of CdSe with TiO2 NTs on the PEC performance. By bathing pure TiO2 NTs film in a 5 mM CdSe precursor solution extensively covered by approximately 1 at % CdSe exhibited the highest jp of 2.50 mA/cm2 among the samples. However, excessive deposition (≥5 mM) was neither negatively affected by the self-organized NTs nor decreased in jp. This condition inferred that higher ionic product (Cd and Se ions) leaded to rapid ion-by-ion condensation or adsorption of colloidal particles clogged the opening pore’s mouth of TiO2 NTs. Thus, an improvement in the photoresponse was observed when optimum amount (~ 1 at %) of the CdSe was deposited on TiO2 NTs film.

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16

Pisarek, Marcin, Piotr Kędzierzawski, Mariusz Andrzejczuk, Marcin Hołdyński, Anna Mikołajczuk-Zychora, Andrzej Borodziński, and Maria Janik-Czachor. "TiO2 Nanotubes with Pt and Pd Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Electro-Oxidation of Formic Acid." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051195.

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In the present work, the magnetron sputtering technique was used to prepare new catalysts of formic acid electrooxidation based on TiO2 nanotubes decorated with Pt (platinum), Pd (palladium) or Pd + Pt nanoparticles. TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) with strictly defined geometry were produced by anodization of Ti foil and Ti mesh in a mixture of glycerol and water with ammonium fluoride electrolyte. The above mentioned catalytically active metal nanoparticles (NPs) were located mainly on the top of the TiO2 NTs, forming ‘rings’ and agglomerates. A part of metal nanoparticles decorated also TiO2 NTs walls, thus providing sufficient electronic conductivity for electron transportation between the metal nanoparticle rings and Ti current collector. The electrocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NTs/Ti foil, decorated by Pt, Pd and/or Pd + Pt NPs was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and new Pd/TiO2 NTs/Ti mesh catalyst was additionally tested in a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The results so obtained were compared with commercial catalyst—Pd/Vulcan. CV tests have shown for carbon supported catalysts, that the activity of TiO2 NTs decorated with Pd was considerably higher than that one decorated with Pt. Moreover, for TiO2 NTs supported Pd catalyst specific activity (per mg of metal) was higher than that for well dispersed carbon supported commercial catalyst. The tests at DFAFC have revealed also that the maximum of specific power for 0.2 Pd/TiO2 catalyst was 70% higher than that of the commercial one, Pd/Vulcan. Morphological features, and/or peculiarities, as well as surface composition of the resulting catalysts have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and chemical surface analytical methods (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy—XPS; Auger electron spectroscopy—AES).

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17

Khezami, Lotfi, Imen Lounissi, Anouar Hajjaji, Ahlem Guesmi, Aymen Amine Assadi, and Brahim Bessais. "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) Decorated with Platine Nanoparticles (Pt-NPs): Photocatalytic Performance for Simultaneous Removal of Microorganisms and Volatile Organic Compounds." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237341.

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This work reports on the effect of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs), decorated wih platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs), on the removal of bacteria and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Pt-NPs were loaded onto the TiO2-NTs using the electrodeposition method at four decoration times (100, 200, 300, and 600 s). The realized Pt-NPs/TiO2-NTs nanocomposites were used for the degradation of cyclohexane, a highly toxic and carcinogenic VOC pollutant in the chemical industry. The achieved Pt-NPs/TiO2-NTs nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. To understand the photocatalytic and antibacterial behavior of the Pt-NPs/TiO2-NTs, simultaneous treatment of Escherichia coli and cyclohexane was conducted while varying the catalyst time decoration. We noticed a complete bacterial inactivation rate with 90% VOC removal within 60 min of visible light irradiation. Moreover, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model correlated well with the experimental results of the photocatalytic treatment of indoor air.

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18

Taib, Mustaffa Ali Azhar, G. Kawamura, Atsunori Matsuda, Mariatti Jaafar, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, and Zainovia Lockman. "Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays in NaOH Added Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte and the Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Nanotube Arrays to their Photocurrent Performance." Key Engineering Materials 701 (July 2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.701.28.

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The present study employs NaOH as an oxygen source in fluorinated ethylene glycol (EG) electrolyte for the formation of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) by anodic process. The nanotube formed were 125 nm in diameter with length of ~ 7 µm after 30 min of anodization. They were then annealed to study the effect of annealing temperature on the photocurrent generated by the TiO2 NTs. It is found that TiO2 NTs annealed at 400 °C has the highest photocurrent (0.716 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl). This is attributed to the crystallinity (mostly anatase) of the TiO2 NTs as well as the nanotubular structure which retains at this temperature but not at higher temperature.

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19

Gao, Dawei, Zhenqian Lu, Chunxia Wang, Weiwei Li, and Pengyu Dong. "Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties of Ag-Loaded N-Doped Tio2 Nanotube Arrays." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2017-0005.

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Abstract Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube (TiO2 NT) arrays were prepared by anodic oxidizing method on the surface of the Ti substrate. Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube (N-TiO2 NT) arrays were carried out by ammonia solution immersion, and Ag nanoparticles loaded N-doped TiO2 nanotube (Ag/N-TiO2 NT) arrays were obtained by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The samples were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The result indicated that the diameter and wall thickness of the TiO2 NT are 100–120 and 20–30 nm, respectively. Moreover, the morphology and structure of the highly ordered TiO2 NTs were not affected by N-doping. Furthermore, Ag nanoparticles were evenly deposited on the surface of TiO2 NTs in the form of elemental silver. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of Ag/N-TiO2 NTs was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation. The Ag/N-TiO2 NTs exhibited enhanced photocatalytic properties, which could reach 95% after 90-min irradiation.

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20

Sahrin, Nurul Tasnim, Rab Nawaz, Chong Fai Kait, Siew Ling Lee, and Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal. "Visible Light Photodegradation of Formaldehyde over TiO2 Nanotubes Synthesized via Electrochemical Anodization of Titanium Foil." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010128.

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In this study, a series of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized employing electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in an ionic liquid solution containing a mixture of glycerol and choline chloride, acting as electrolyte. The as-synthesized TiO2 NTs were calcined at 350, 450, or 550 °C for a 2 h duration to investigate the influence of calcination temperature on NTs formation, morphology, surface properties, crystallinity, and subsequent photocatalytic activity for visible light photodegradation of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO). Results showed that the calcination temperature has a significant effect on the structure and coverage of TiO2 NTs on the surface. Freshly synthesized TiO2 NTs showed better-ordered structure compared to calcined samples. There was significant pore rupture with increasing calcination temperature. The transformation from anatase to rutile phase appeared after calcination at 450 °C and the weight fraction of the rutile phase increased from 19% to 36% upon increasing the calcination temperature to 550 °C. The band gaps of the TiO2 NTs were in the range from 2.80 to 2.74 eV, shifting the active region of the materials to visible light. The presence of mixed anatase–rutile TiO2 phases in the sample calcined at 450 °C showed enhanced photoactivity, which was confirmed by the 21.56 mg∙L−1∙g−1 removal of gaseous formaldehyde under 120 min of visible light irradiation and displayed enhanced quantum yield, ∅HCHO of 17%.

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21

Koking, Prachtrakool, Orathai Thumthan, and Suttinart Noothongkaew. "Effect of DI Water Content on the Growth of Anatase TiO₂ Nanotubes Synthesized by Anodization Process." Key Engineering Materials 789 (November 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.14.

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Анотація:

Vertically aligned anatase TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated by anodization of a pureTi foil in ethylene glycol solutions containing different concentrations of deionized (DI) water. Themorphology, elemental composition, and crystallization of TiO2 nanostructures were analyzed byfield emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ramanspectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The diameter and length of TiO2 NTswere controlled by varying concentrations of DI water. Furthermore, we found that TiO2 NTs in DIwater 12 wt. % was suitable for further applications in UV photodetector due to it has a high volumeto surface area ratio and long tube. TiO2 NTs have a high potential in various applications such as UVphotodetectors, gas sensor, dye sensitized solar cells, and photocatalysts.

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22

Hu, Lei, Yi Li, and Wenlong Zhang. "Characterization and application of surface-molecular-imprinted-polymer modified TiO2 nanotubes for removal of perfluorinated chemicals." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 6 (June 27, 2016): 1417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.321.

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The removal of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) during wastewater reclamation is a great concern. However, the existing advanced treatment processes are inefficient for the removal of PFCs from secondary effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) because other coexistent pollutants with less environmental signiﬁcance are removed simultaneously. Therefore, research on high-selectivity, low-cost removal methods is needed. The S-MIP-TiO2 nanotube (NT) photocatalysts were fabricated, characterized and tested for removal of PFCs from wastewater for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the TiO2 NTs (average diameter 60 nm) were successfully imprinted with functional groups (i.e. carboxyl). The adsorption selectivity and photocatalytic activity of the S-MIP-TiO2 NTs over perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were improved compared with neat TiO2 NTs and interestingly, were higher at low PFOA concentrations (10 to 100 ng/L, as normal PFC concentrations in secondary effluents) than at high concentrations (10 to 1,000 mg/L). With S-MIP-TiO2 NTs used as photocatalysts, some representative PFCs were selectively and rapidly removed from secondary effluents of a municipal WWTP. S-MIP-TiO2 NTs exhibited excellent regeneration performance. Thus, photocatalytic treatment using is promising for effective removal of PFCs from secondary effluents of municipal WWTPs.

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23

Shen, Yan Fang, Jie Wu, Yong Shan Tao, Ming Li, Hua Zi Jin, and Tian Ying Xiong. "Study on Nitrogen-Doped Titania Nanotubes as Visible-Light Responded Photocatalysts." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.37.

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Анотація:

Nitrogen-doped titania nanotubes (TiO2-xNx NTs) were synthesized by the soft chemical process, in which nitrogen-doped titania nanopowders (TiO2-xNx NPs) reacted with strong alkaline solutions (10M). The properties of TiO2-xNx NTs were examined. Experiments on the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) were also carried out under visible light irradiation.

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24

Liu, Su Qin, and Ying Liang. "Effects of Hydrothermal Crystallization on the Morphologies and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂ Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.504.

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Анотація:

Anatase titania (TiO2) films with highly photocatalytic activity were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) via electrochemical anodization of titanium (Ti) in fluorine-containing electrolyte. The as-prepared TiO2 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared TiO2 films was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous under UV-light irradiation. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the morphologies, microstructure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films were investigated and discussed. It was found that TiO2 NTs were converted to nanoparticles after hydrothermal treatment. The mechanism of deformation of TiO2 NTs was discussed. Hydrothermal treatment enhances the phase transformation of TiO2 films from amorphous to anatase and crystallization of anatase. An optimal hydrothermal condition (150 oC for 8 h) was determined. The anatase TiO2 films prepared under optimal hydrothermal conditions posses larger surface area and higher relative anatase crystallinity and its photocatalytic activity is higher than that of anatase TiO2 films prepared under other hydrothermal conditions.

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25

Vongwatthaporn, Rinnatha, and Udom Tipparach. "Synthesis and Characterization Anodized Titania Nanotubes for Enhancing Hydrogen Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 749 (April 2015): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.749.191.

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Pure and doped Titania nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) photoanodes were fabricated by means of anodization method. The anodization was carried out in electrolytes prepared by mixing ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (0.3 wt % NH4F) and deionized water (2 Vol % H2O) with different concentrations of dopant Fe (NO3)3∙9H2O. A constant dc power supply of 50 V was used as anodic voltage. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. The resultant products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their microstructures when TiO2 NTs were doped with different amounts of Fe atoms. The diameters of TiO2 NTs were about 60-120 nm. The highest density of TiO2 NTs was obtained when the nanotubes were doped with 0.01 M of Fe. The photocatalytic activity was examined without external applied potential. The maximum photocurrent density was 3.0 mA/cm2 under illumination of 100 mW/cm2.

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Wang, Zhuang, Shiguang Jin, Fan Zhang, and Degao Wang. "Combined Toxicity of TiO2 Nanospherical Particles and TiO2 Nanotubes to Two Microalgae with Different Morphology." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122559.

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The joint activity of multiple engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has attracted much attention in recent years. Many previous studies have focused on the combined toxicity of different ENPs with nanostructures of the same dimension. However, the mixture toxicity of multiple ENPs with different dimensions is much less understood. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of the binary mixture of TiO2 nanospherical particles (NPs) and TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) to two freshwater algae with different morphology, namely, Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The physicochemical properties, dispersion stability, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined in the single and binary systems. Classical approaches to assessing mixture toxicity were applied to evaluate and predict the toxicity of the binary mixtures. The results show that the combined toxicity of TiO2 NPs and NTs to S. obliquus was between the single toxicity of TiO2 NTs and NPs, while the combined toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa was higher than their single toxicity. Moreover, the toxicity of the binary mixtures to C. pyrenoidosa was higher than that to S. obliquus. A toxic unit assessment showed that the effects of TiO2 NPs and NTs were additive to the algae. The combined toxicity to S. obliquus and C. pyrenoidosa can be effectively predicted by the concentration addition model and the independent action model, respectively. The mechanism of the toxicity caused by the binary mixtures of TiO2 NPs and NTs may be associated with the dispersion stability of the nanoparticles in aquatic media and the ROS-induced oxidative stress effects. Our results may offer a new insight into evaluating and predicting the combined toxicological effects of ENPs with different dimensions and of probing the mechanisms involved in their joint toxicity.

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Moon, Kyoung-Suk, Eun-Joo Choi, Ji-Myung Bae, Young-Bum Park, and Seunghan Oh. "Visible Light-Enhanced Antibacterial and Osteogenic Functionality of Au and Pt Nanoparticles Deposited on TiO2 Nanotubes." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173721.

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This study aimed at evaluating the visible light mediated antimicrobial and osteogenic applications of noble metal, such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) coated titania (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs). In this study, the Au and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on anodized 100 nm TiO2 NTs by ion plasma sputtering. The Au and Pt NPs were mainly deposited on the top surface layer of TiO2 NTs and showed light absorbance peaks around the 470 and 600 nm visible light region used in this study, as seen from the surface characterization. From the results of antibacterial activity test, Au and Pt NPs that were deposited on TiO2 NTs showed excellent antibacterial activity under 470 nm visible light irradiation due to the plasmonic photocatalysis based on the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of the Au and Pt NPs. In addition, alkaline phosphate activity test and quantitative real-time PCR assay of osteogenic related genes resulted that these NPs promoted the osteogenic functionality of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) under 600 nm visible light irradiation, because of the synergic effect of the photothermal scattering of noble metal nanoparticles and visible light low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Therefore, the combination of noble metal coated TiO2 NTs and visible light irradiation would be expected to perform permanent antibacterial activity without the need of an antibacterial agent besides promoting osteogenic functionality.

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28

Cui, Jie, Lin Cao, Dahai Zeng, Xiaojian Wang, Wei Li, Zhidan Lin, and Peng Zhang. "Surface Characteristic Effect of Ag/TiO2 Nanoarray Composite Structure on Supercapacitor Electrode Properties." Scanning 2018 (July 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2464981.

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Ag-ion-modified titanium nanotube (Ag/TiO2-NT) arrays were designed and fabricated as the electrode material of supercapacitors for electrochemical energy storage. TiO2 nanotube (NT) arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodic oxidation and then treated by Ag metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) implantation. The Ag amount was controlled via adjusting ion implantation parameters. The morphology, crystallinity, and electrochemistry properties of as-obtained Ag/TiO2-NT electrodes were distinguished based on various characterizations. Compared with different doses of Ag/TiO2-NTs, the electrode with the dose of 5.0 × 1017 ions·cm−2 exhibited much higher electrode capacity and greatly enhanced activity in comparison to the pure TiO2-NTs. The modified electrode showed a high capacitance of 9324.6 mF·cm−3 (86.9 mF·g, 1.2 mF·cm−2), energy density of 82.8 μWh·cm−3 (0.8 μWh·g, 0.0103 μWh·cm−2), and power density of 161.0 mW·cm−3 (150.4 μW·g, 2.00 μW·cm−2) at the current density of 0.05 mA. Therefore, Ag/TiO2-NTs could act as a feasible electrode material of supercapacitors.

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29

Fraoucene, Henia, Djedjiga Hatem, Florence Vacandio, and Marcel Pasquinelli. "Morphology and Electronic Properties of TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays Synthesized by Electrochemical Method." Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180411154247.

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Background: A nano-tubular structure of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was obtained using an electrochemical process based on the anodization of titanium foil in an organic electrolyte prepared with ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) containing Ammonium fluorides (NH4F) and ultrapure water under different anodization voltage. The morphological characteristics showed the formation of TiO2 nanotubes with different geometrical parameters. The electronic properties of the TiO2 NTs films were measured by the Mott-Schottky (MS) plots, indicating a positive slope for all graphs implying the n-type semiconductor nature of the TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs). The donor density (Nd) and the flat band potential (Efb) increases slightly with increase the anodization voltage. Methods: Prior the anodization, the titanium (Ti) foils were cut into square shape (2.25 cm2) with a selected work area of 0.6 cm2. The samples were subjected to a final polishing using a rotating felt pad (01 &µm) impregnated with alumina until a metallic mirror surface was obtained. The Ti foils were degreased by sonication in acetone, methanol and 2-Propanol for 10 minutes respectively, rinsed with ultrapure water and dried in a stream of compressed air. To form a TiO2 NTs, electrochemical anodization process was carried out at room temperature in Ethylene Glycol (EG) solution containing 0.3 wt% Ammonium fluorides (NH4F) and 2wt % ultrapure water for three (03) hours at different anodization voltage (20, 40 and 60V). A two-electrode cell was used for all the anodization measurements, with a platinum plate as the counter electrode, separated from the working electrode (titanium foil) by 1.5 cm. Immediately after anodization, the samples were soaked in ultrapure water to remove residual electrolyte for 10 minutes and then dried in an oven at 50 °C for 10 minutes. Results: TiO2 NTs grown from anodization of Ti foil in fluoride EG solution for 3h by varying the anodization voltage. The micrographic analysis shows a strong influence of the anodizing voltage on the morphology and geometrical parameters of the TiO2 NTs. Non homogenous NTs morphology was observed at 20 V with the presence of corrugations along the walls of the tubes. A perfect and regular nanotublar structure with smooth’s walls tubes was obtained at an anodization voltage of 60V. Moreover, the increase of anodization voltage leads to an increase in both the diameter and the length of tubes. In fact, the inner diameter and the length of the tubes (Di and L) values increase with increasing potential, being around (39 nm and 2 &µm) respectively at 20 V and (106 nm and 16,1 &µm) at 60 V. The measured electronic properties of TiO2 NTs indicating the n type semiconducting nature. It is remarkable that the donor density Nd increases toward higher values by increasing the anodizing voltage until 40V. However, for an anodization at 60V, the Nd has a small decrease value (7, 03 * 1019 cm-3) indicating a diminution of defects present in the material. Also, by increasing the anodizing voltage, Efb takes increasingly more positive values. In fact, the Efb values are – 0.12, 0.05 and 0.15 V for films prepared at 20, 40 and 60 V respectively. Therefore, this behavior can be attributed to a displacement of the Fermi level toward the conduction band edge which leads to a larger band bending at the interface. Conclusion: By varying the anodization voltage, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) were grown using electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in fluoride ethylene glycol solution for 3 hours. The morphology of the TiO2 NTs obtained was considerably affected; the anodizing potential determines the migration of ions in electrolyte during anodization process and simultaneously the tube diameter. An average small a nanotube diameter around 39 nm was obtained for 20V corresponding to 106 nm average diameter for TiO2 NTs structure synthesized at 60V. Furthermore, the semiconductor properties of the TiO2 NTs films have also been modified with increased values while increasing the anodization voltage. This behavior was attributed that the TiO2 NTs structure is more disordered, having much more defects provide abundant local donor energy levels which increases conductivity and decrease the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in these films, that can be integrated as active layer in the solar cells, in particular the Gratzel cells.

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Gao, Zhong Hui, Zhen Duo Cui, and Xian Jin Yang. "Chemical Deposition Method for Synthesis of Pt-TiO₂ Composite Nanotubes with Photoelectrochemical Activity." Advanced Materials Research 465 (February 2012): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.465.276.

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Pt nanoparticles were successfully assembled in self-organized TiO2 nanotubes by a chemical deposition method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for characterizing the surface morphology and phase composition. Photocurrent response activity was measured. Different morphology of Pt-TiO2 NTs exhibited different photocurrent generation efficiency. High density Pt nanoparticles depositing on TiO2 NTs decreased the photocurrent of Pt-TiO2 electrodes. It was because the high density Pt nanoparticles could become the recombination centers of photoelectrons and holes.

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31

Vujancevic, Jelena, Andjelika Bjelajac, Katerina Veltruska, Vladimir Matolin, Zdravko Siketic, Georgios Provatas, Milko Jaksic, et al. "TiO2 nanotubes film/FTO glass interface: Thermal treatment effects." Science of Sintering 54, no. 2 (2022): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2202235v.

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Pure Ti films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on FTO glass were anodized to fabricate TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) arrays. The TiO2 NTs/FTO samples were sintered at 450, 550 and 630?C, in ambient air. The thermal treatment did not influence the crystal phase composition, preserving in all cases the anatase single phase. As expected, the crystalline anatase quality improved with the annealing temperature. Nevertheless, slight differences in nanotubular morphology, such as the appearance of grains inside the walls, were observed in the case of the sample sintered at 630?C. Chemical analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of annealed samples revealed the presence of Sn inside TiO2 NTs, due to diffusion of Sn from the substrate to TiO2. For the substrate was used FTO glass whose top layer consists of SnO2 doped with F. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis were carried out to study the elemental depth profile of the films. It was found that the temperature of sintering controls the Sn diffusion inside TiO2 film. Sn atoms diffuse towards the TiO2 NTs surface for the samples annealed at 450 and 550?C. The diffusion is however hindered in the case of the heat treatment at 630?C. Besides, the Ti diffusion into the SnO2 underlayer was observed, together with the formation of TiO2/SnO2 interfaces. One then expected but not a great difference in absorption between samples, since all contained anatase phase, as confirmed by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. A higher amount of Sn was however detected for the sample annealed at 550?C, which accounts for a slight red absorption shift. The importance of controlling the annealing parameters of the anodized TiO2/FTO structures was highlighted through the formation of TiO2-SnO2 interfaces and the Sn insertion from FTO, which can play an essential role in increasing the photoperformances of TiO2 NTs/FTO based structures of photovoltaic cells.

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Assadi, Achraf Amir, Sarra Karoui, Khaled Trabelsi, Anouar Hajjaji, Walid Elfalleh, Achraf Ghorbal, Mounir Maghzaoui, and Aymen Amin Assadi. "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) with Ag Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs): Photocatalytic Performance for Wastewater Treatment under Visible Light." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041463.

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In this work, we present the influence of the decoration of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) with Ag silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the photocatalysis of emerging pollutants such as the antibiotic diclofenac sodium. The Ag-NPs were loaded onto the TiO2-NTs by the anodization of metallic titanium foils. Diclofenac sodium is an emerging pollutant target of the pharmaceutical industry because of its negative environmental impact (high toxicity and confirmed carcinogenicity). The obtained Ag-NP/TiO2-NT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission spectroscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In order to study the photocatalytic behavior of Ag-NPs/TiO2-NTs with visible cold LEDs, the possible photocatalytic mechanism of antibiotic degradation with reactive species (O2°− and OH°) was detailed. Moreover, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was used to correlate the experimental results with the optimized catalyst. Likewise, reuse tests showed the chemical stability of the catalyst.

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Savchuk, Timofey, Ilya Gavrilin, Andrey Savitskiy, Alexey Dronov, Daria Dronova, Svetlana Pereverzeva, Andrey Tarhanov, Tomasz Maniecki, Sergey Gavrilov, and Elizaveta Konstantinova. "Effect of Thermal Treatment of Symmetric TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Argon on Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion." Symmetry 14, no. 12 (December 18, 2022): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14122678.

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Анотація:

Symmetric titania nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTs) are a well-known photocatalyst with a large surface area and band edge potentials suitable for redox reactions. Thermal treatment of symmetrical arrays of TiO2 nanotubes in argon was used to change the carbon content of the samples. The influence of the carbon content in the structure of symmetrical TiO2 NTs on their photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity in the conversion of CO2 into organic fuel precursors has been studied. The structure, chemical, and phase composition of obtained samples were studied by X-ray analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM with energy dispersive analysis. It is established that carbon-related defects in the samples accumulate electrons on the surface required for the CO2 conversion reaction. It has been shown for the first time that varying the carbon content in symmetric TiO2 NTs arrays by annealing at different temperatures in argon makes it possible to control the yield of methane and methanol in CO2 conversion. It is revealed that too high a concentration of carbon dangling bonds promotes the growth of CO2 conversion efficiency but causes instability in this process. The obtained results show a high promise of symmetric carbon-doped TiO2 NTs arrays for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2.

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Asadi, Soada, Bardia Mortezagholi, Alireza Hadizadeh, Vitaliy Borisov, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Hasan Shaker Majdi, Azizakhon Nishonova, Hossein Adelnia, Bahareh Farasati Far, and Chaiyavat Chaiyasut. "Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Titanium Nanotubes Coated with Chitosan: A Promising Formulation with Sustained Release and Enhanced Antibacterial Properties." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071359.

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Анотація:

Due to their high entrapment efficiency, anodized titanium nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) are considered effective reservoirs for loading/releasing strong antibiotics whose systemic administration is associated with diverse and severe side-effects. In this study, TiO2-NTs were synthesized by anodic oxidation of titanium foils, and the effects of electrolyte percentage and viscosity on their dimensions were evaluated. It was found that as the water content increased from 15 to 30%, the wall thickness, length, and inner diameter of the NTs increase from 5.9 to 15.8 nm, 1.56 to 3.21 µm, and 59 to 84 nm, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, a highly potent antibiotic, was loaded into TiO2-NTs with a high encapsulation efficiency of 93%, followed by coating with different chitosan layers to achieve a sustained release profile. The prepared formulations were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact measurement. In vitro release studies showed that the higher the chitosan layer count, the more sustained the release. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the formulation against two endodontic species from Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 µg/mL for the former and the latter. To summarize, this study demonstrated that TiO2-NTs are promising reservoirs for drug loading, and that the chitosan coating provides not only a sustained release profile, but also a synergistic antibacterial effect.

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Jani, Nur Aimi, Choonyian Haw, Weesiong Chiu, Saadah Abdul Rahman, Poisim Khiew, Yingchin Lim, Roslan Abd-Shukor, and M. Azmi Abd Hamid. "Photodeposition of Ag Nanocrystals onto TiO2 Nanotube Platform for Enhanced Water Splitting and Hydrogen Gas Production." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7480367.

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Анотація:

Current work reports the study of Ag nanocrystals (NCs) decorated doubly anodized (DA) TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) thin film as an efficient photoelectrode material for water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production. DA process has been shown to be capable of producing less defective NTs and creating additional spacious gaps in between NT bundles to allow efficient and uniform integration of Ag NCs. By employing photoreduction method, Ag NCs can be deposited directly onto NTs, where the size and density of coverage can be maneuvered by merely varying the concentration of Ag precursors. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the Ag NCs with controllable size are homogeneously decorated onto the walls of NTs with random yet uniform distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm the formation of anatase TiO2 NTs and Ag NCs, which can be well indexed to standard patterns. The decoration of metallic Ag NCs onto the surface of NTs demonstrates a significant enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency as compared to that of pristine TiO2 NTs. Additionally, the as-prepared nanocomposite film also shows improved efficiency when used as a photocatalyst platform in the production of hydrogen gas. Such improvement in the performance of water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen gas production activity can be credited to the surface plasmonic resonance of Ag NCs present on the surface of the NTs, which renders improved light absorption and better charge separation. The current work can serve as a model of study for designing more advanced nanoarchitecture photoelectrode for renewable energy application.

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Chen, Chien Chon, Chin Hua Cheng, Guo Yi Tang, Tai Nan Lin, and Chung Kwei Lin. "Template Assisted Fabrication of TiO₂ and BaTiO₃ Nanotubes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.107.

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This paper discussed fabrication of TiO2 and BaTiO3 nanotubes by sol-gel method and used anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as template. The mechanical properties of TiO2 or BaTiO3 NTs are not great, so a longer tube can crack easily, leading to the peeling off of the NTs film from the Ti substrate. Therefore, we propose to use AAO as a template, followed by deposition of TiO2 and BaTiO3 NT inside AAO to make a working electrode for further electronic devices.

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Trang, Ton Nu Quynh, Le Thi Ngoc Tu, Co Le Thanh Tuyen, Tran Van Man, and Vu Thi Hanh Thu. "Surface modification of titanium dioxide nanotubes with sulfur for highly efficient photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation." Science and Technology Development Journal 21, no. 3 (December 4, 2018): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v21i3.694.

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In this paper, the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) was decorated with sulfur by impregnation procedure. The crystalline structure and morphology of the S-TiO2 NT hybrid catalyst were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical components of S-TiO2 NT-1 sample were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results showed that sulfur impurities were incorporated into TiO2 crystal structure and decorated on its surface due to the heat treatment temperature used throughout the fabrication process. Moreover, its photocatalytic reaction was evaluated by change of adsorption intensity of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution at wavelength of 467 nm. This work revealed that the sulfur loaded onto TiO2 NT nanostructures exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficacy for the degradation of the MO dye compared with pristine TiO2 NTs (93.12 ± 0.02% and 80.21 ± 0.04% MO degradation efficacy under UV light versus visible-light regime, respectively, after 180 minutes). This was mainly governed by sulfur ions modified on the surface of TiO2 NTs which played a critical role in promoting the separation rate of photo-induced charge carriers.

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Niu, Siqi, Wenbin Yang, Heng Wei, Michail Danilov, Ihor Rusetskyi, Ketul C. Popat, Yao Wang, Matt J. Kipper, Laurence A. Belfiore, and Jianguo Tang. "Heterostructures of Cut Carbon Nanotube-Filled Array of TiO2 Nanotubes for New Module of Photovoltaic Devices." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203604.

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In this work, a new photovoltaic device was prepared. The device uses titanium (Ti) foil/TiO2 nanotubes as the photoanode and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a photosensitizer. Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2-NTs) were prepared by one-step anodic oxidation. Cut-MWCNTs with a length of less than 100 nm were obtained by the mixed-acid oxidation of MWCNTs. The two materials were combined to form a TiO2-NTs@cut-MWCNT heterostructure by electrophoresis. TiO2-NTs@cut-MWCNTs were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that the two materials were effectively combined. We fabricated the heterostructure into a photovoltaic device, showing an enhanced photocurrent response and an efficiency of 0.0138%, and explained this phenomenon by performing UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical tests. It is hoped that this work can provide a reference value for the application of carbon nanotubes in photovoltaic devices.

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39

Wang, Qian, Tao Jin, Zhongxin Hu, Lei Zhou, and Minghua Zhou. "TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb anode for efficient electrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: Effect of TiO2-NTs architecture." Separation and Purification Technology 102 (January 2013): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.006.

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Serikov, Timur, Lydia Ilina, Niaz Ibrayev, and Zhanaidar Smagulov. "Study of surface properties of TiO2 — NTs films at different anodizing conditions." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb636.

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Jimenez-Cisneros, Jorge, Juan Pablo Galindo-Lazo, Miguel Angel Mendez-Rojas, Jessica Rosaura Campos-Delgado, and Monica Cerro-Lopez. "Plasmonic Spherical Nanoparticles Coupled with Titania Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Anodization as Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Applications: A Review." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 7443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247443.

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As surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) continues developing to be a powerful analytical tool for several probes, four important aspects to make it more accessible have to be addressed: low-cost, reproducibility, high sensibility, and recyclability. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) prepared by anodization have attracted interest in this field because they can be used as safe solid supports to deposit metal nanoparticles to build SERS substrate nanoplatforms that meet these four desired aspects. TiO2 NTs can be easily prepared and, by varying different synthesis parameters, their dimensions and specific features of their morphology can be tuned allowing them to support metal nanoparticles of different sizes that can achieve a regular dispersion on their surface promoting high enhancement factors (EF) and reproducibility. Besides, the TiO2 photocatalytic properties enable the substrate’s self-cleaning property for recyclability. In this review, we discuss the different methodological strategies that have been tested to achieve a high performance of the SERS substrates based on TiO2 NTs as solid support for the three main noble metal nanoparticles mainly studied for this purpose: Ag, Au, and Pt.

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Parra, S., S. Malato, J. Blanco, P. Péringer, and C. Pulgarin. "Concentrating versus non-concentrating reactors for solar photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0290.

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The photocatalytic oxidation of the non-biodegradable p-nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid (p-NTS) in homogeneous (photo-Fenton reactions) and heterogeneous (with TiO2) solutions has been studied at a pilot-scale under solar irradiation at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA). In this study two different reactors were tested: a medium concentrating radiation system (Heliomans, HM) and a non-concentrating radiation system (CPC). Their advantages and disadvantages for p-NTS degradation have been compared and discussed. The degradation rates obtained in the CPC collector are around three times more efficient than in the HM collectors. However, in both systems, 100% of the initial concentration of p-NTS was removed. Kinetic experiments were performed in both systems using TiO2 suspensions. During the photodegradation, the disappearance of p-NTS was followed by HPLC, the mineralization of the solution by the TOC technique, the evolution of NO3-, NO2-, and SO4= concentration by ionic chromatography, the toxicity by the standard Microtox® test, and the biodegradability by BOD5 and COD measurements. The obtained results demonstrated the utility of the heterogeneous catalysis (using TiO2 as catalyst) as a pretreatment method that can be followed by a biological process.

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Kader, Md Ashraful, Nina Suhaity Azmi, A. K. M. Kafi, Md Sanower Hossain, Rajan Jose, and Khang Wen Goh. "Ultrasensitive Nonenzymatic Real-Time Hydrogen Peroxide Monitoring Using Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Electrodes." Biosensors 13, no. 7 (June 22, 2023): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070671.

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An amperometric enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was developed by catalytically stabilizing active gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of 4–5 nm on a porous titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO2 NTs) electrode. The Au NPs were homogeneously distributed on anatase TiO2 NTs with an outer diameter of ~102 nm, an inner diameter of ~60 nm, and a wall of thickness of ~40 nm. The cyclic voltammogram of the composite electrode showed a pair of redox peaks characterizing the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. The entrapping of Au NPs on TiO2 NTs prevented aggregation and facilitated good electrical conductivity and electron transfer rate, thus generating a wide linear range, a low detection limit of ~104 nM, and high sensitivity of ~519 µA/mM, as well as excellent selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and stability over 60 days. Furthermore, excellent recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) were achieved in real samples, which were tap water, milk, and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria, thereby verifying the accuracy and potentiality of the developed nonenzymatic sensor.

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Atalay, Selcuk, Tekin Izgi, Veli Serkan Kolat, Sema Erdemoglu, and Orhan Orcun Inan. "Magnetoelastic Humidity Sensors with TiO2 Nanotube Sensing Layers." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020425.

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In this study, TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) are coated with a drop-casting method on Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 amorphous ferromagnetic ribbons and the humidity response of the prepared magnetoelastic sensors (MES) is investigated. The synthesis of TiO2-NTs is performed using a hydrothermal process. Sample characterization is carried out using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the sensors can measure moisture values in the range of 5% to 95% with very high precision and very low hysteresis. The humidity variation between 5% and 95% shows a change in the sensor resonance frequency of ~3180 Hz, which is a significant change compared to many magnetoelastic humidity sensors developed so far.

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Zhu, Lei, Guocong Liu, Xuechen Duan, and Zhi Jian Zhang. "A facile wet chemical route to prepare ZnO/TiO2 nanotube composites and their photocatalytic activities." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 7 (July 2010): 1278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0172.

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Highly dispersed ZnO/TiO2 nanotube composites (NTCs) were successfully synthesized by a facile ethylenediamine-assisted deposition-precipitation route. The characterizations from x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that hexagonal wurtzite phase ZnO NPs with an average size of about 2 nm were homogeneously dispersed and anchored on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) to form ZnO/TiO2 NTCs. The as-prepared ZnO/TiO2 NTCs with the atom ratio Zn/Ti of 1:4 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methyl orange compared with P25 and pure TiO2 NTs, which were mainly caused by an increase of interfacial charge transfer reactions and a decrease of electron-hole pair recombination on ZnO-TNTs heterojunction. Furthermore, ZnO/TiO2 NTCs possessed favorable recycle efficiency due to their relatively high sedimentation rate and only a slight decrease of photocatalytic activity after a six time recycle.

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46

Jani, Nur Aimi. "pH Condition Influence Nanotube Structure of TiO2 by Anodizing Titanium Substrate." Science Letters 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v14i1.7873.

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The influence of pH of the electrolyte used during anodization of Titanium substrate has been investigated in order to determine the optimum pH condition to form self-organized Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) structure. The TiO2 NTs was formed by anodizing Titanium substrate in an electrolyte containing 1M of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) with 0.7 g of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) for 180 minutes with potential 20 V. The optimum conditions were determined by characterization using FESEM and XRD analysis. As shown in the result, it can be summarized that pH of the anodization electrolyte can affect the length and diameter of the NTs as confirmed by FESEM images. FESEM result shows that, the length of nanotubes increased as the pH increased which are from 50 nm to 424 nm for pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. However, at higher pH more than 7, the nanotube structure was collapsed and only form bulk oxide film. The FESEM result also supported by the XRD result as the peak at 24° increased up from pH 3 to pH 7 and drop at pH 9.

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47

Zare, Alireza, Saeed Behaein, Mahmoud Moradi, and Zahra Hosseini. "Application of a dual functional blocking layer for improvement of the responsivity in a self-powered UV photodetector based on TiO₂ nanotubes." RSC Advances 12, no. 16 (2022): 9909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00379a.

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Portenkirchner, Engelbert. "Substantial Na-Ion Storage at High Current Rates: Redox-Pseudocapacitance through Sodium Oxide Formation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 4264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234264.

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Batteries and supercapacitors, both governed by electrochemical processes, operate by different electrochemical mechanisms which determine their characteristic energy and power densities. Battery materials store large amounts of energy by ion intercalation. Electrical double-layer capacitors store charge through surface-controlled ion adsorption which leads to high power and rapid charging, but much smaller amounts of energy stored. Pseudocapacitive materials offer the promise to combine these properties by storing charge through surface-controlled, battery-like redox reactions but at high rates approaching those of electrochemical double-layer capacitors. This work compares the pseudo-capacitive charge storage characteristics of self-organized titanium dioxide (TiO2−x) nanotubes (NTs) to flat TiO2−x surface films to further elucidate the proposed charge storage mechanism within the formed surface films. By comparing TiO2−x NTs to flat TiO2−x surface films, having distinctively different oxide mass and surface area ratios, it is shown that NaO2 and Na2O2 formation, which constitutes the active surface film material, is governed by the metal oxide bulk. Our results corroborate that oxygen diffusion from the lattice oxide is key to NaO2 and Na2O2 formation.

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Gu, Di, Hongjun Wu, Yanji Zhu, and Baohui Wang. "Modified hierarchical TiO2 NTs for enhanced gas phase photocatalytic activity." RSC Advances 5, no. 71 (2015): 57937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05981j.

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Variation of the peak height of 2360 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the normal vibration of CO₂ molecules derived from the FTIR transmittance spectra with the irradiation time. Comparation performance of constant k on TiO₂ NTs and NMNs/TiO₂ NTs respectively.

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Sugiawati, Vinsensia Ade, Florence Vacandio, and Thierry Djenizian. "All-Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries Using Self-Organized TiO2 Nanotubes Grown from Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Molecules 25, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092121.

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All-solid-state batteries were fabricated by assembling a layer of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes grown on as anode, a thin-film of polymer as an electrolyte and separator, and a layer of composite LiFePO4 as a cathode. The synthesis of self-organized TiO2 NTs from Ti-6Al-4V alloy was carried out via one-step electrochemical anodization in a fluoride ethylene glycol containing electrolytes. The electrodeposition of the polymer electrolyte onto anatase TiO2 NTs was performed by cyclic voltammetry. The anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical properties of the anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloys were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry techniques. The full-cell shows a high first-cycle Coulombic efficiency of 96.8% with a capacity retention of 97.4% after 50 cycles and delivers a stable discharge capacity of 63 μAh cm−2 μm−1 (119 mAh g−1) at a kinetic rate of C/10.

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