Статті в журналах: "Tin oxide nanowire"

1

Koo, B. R., J. W. Bae, and H. J. Ahn. "Improved Long-Term Stability of Transparent Conducting Electrodes Based on Double-Laminated Electrosprayed Antimony Tin Oxides and Ag Nanowires." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0192.

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AbstractWe fabricated double-laminated antimony tin oxide/Ag nanowire electrodes by spin-coating and electrospraying. Compared to pure Ag nanowire electrodes and single-laminated antimony tin oxide/Ag nanowire electrodes, the double-laminated antimony tin oxide/Ag nanowire electrodes had superior transparent conducting electrode performances with sheet resistance ~19.8 Ω/□ and optical transmittance ~81.9%; this was due to uniform distribution of the connected Ag nanowires because of double lamination of the metallic Ag nanowires without Ag aggregation despite subsequent microwave heating at 250°C. They also exhibited excellent and superior long-term chemical and thermal stabilities and adhesion to substrate because double-laminated antimony tin oxide thin films act as the protective layers between Ag nanowires, blocking Ag atoms penetration.

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2

Li, Jun Shou, Xiao Juan Wu, Ming Yuan Wang, and Fang Zhao. "The Preparation Technology of SnO₂ Nanowires Based on the System of Al-SnO-Cu₂O." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.20.

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Aluminum powder, stannous oxide powder and cuprous oxide powder are used for the preparation of tin oxide nanostructure in combustion synthesis-injection method with the formula designed using combinatorial chemistry method. The composition range of tin oxide nanostructure synthesis has been studied and the best formula of tin oxide nanowires synthesis has been screened. The research shows that the effective ingredient scope of tin oxide nanostructure is Al=30%~60%, CuO2=10%~50%, SnO=20% ~50% (mol), the main form of tin oxide nanostructure is nanowire and there are also forms such as nanorod, nanoparticle and nanobelt. The formula of tin oxide nanowire which leads to high yield, high purity and high conversion is Al:SnO:Cu2O=4:2:4(mol), the diameter of the tin oxide nanowires is within the range of 10~100 nm and most of them is from 40 to 60 nm, the highest conversion rate of SnO powder to SnO2 nanowire is 25.6%(mass), the tin oxide nanostructure synthesized by combustion synthesis-injection method has high purity, good dispensability, low preparation cost and it is also suitable for mass production.

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3

Wang, Yong, Liqiang Lu, and Fengdan Wu. "Indium Tin Oxide@Carbon Core–Shell Nanowire and Jagged Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire." Nanoscale Research Letters 5, no. 10 (July 17, 2010): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9695-x.

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4

Seong, Baekhoon, Ilkyeong Chae, Hyungdong Lee, Vu Dat Nguyen, and Doyoung Byun. "Spontaneous self-welding of silver nanowire networks." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 12 (2015): 7629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00035a.

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5

Gussenhoven, Ryan J., and Rosario A. Gerhardt. "Fabrication and Characterization of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Networks Inside Polystyrene." MRS Proceedings 1552 (2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.711.

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AbstractRecently, there has been much interest in the creation of 3D networks of nanowires. One possible way to do this is to encase the nanowires inside transparent polymer matrices since there is also a demand for obtaining conducting transparent composites. If the filler of the composite is made from a strongly conducting material, the degree of connectivity of the networked nanowires can be tested by measuring its conductivity. Though much work has been done with ITO (Tin-doped indium oxide), little has been done with the chemically similar, but cheaper, ATO (Antimony-doped tin oxide). In this study, ATO nanoparticles were added into a polystyrene matrix and simultaneously pressed and heated so that a 3D network of the nanoparticles would form. The effecti veness of the conducting pseudo-nanowire networks was measured as the concentration of ATO in polystyrene was varied. Another variable utilized was the temperature at which the samples were pressed. The optical transmittance of the composites was also measured in order to quantify their transparency. It was found that, once the nanowire networks had percolated at a concentration of about 1.25 PHR, the conductivity and, consequently, the coherence of the networks increased at a decreasing rate as the concentration was increased. The effect of the pressing temperature was complex and required many additional sets of specimens to understand. Samples pressed at the highest temperature had the least coherent networks, as the polystyrene became too fluid and disrupted the ATO networks while at lower temperatures the opposite occurred. The optical transmittance dropped sharply as the concentration of ATO reached and surpassed 1.0 PHR. Nanowire networks were, indeed, formed through this process using these materials, but use as a conducting transparent composite in the visible range is unlikely as the percolation threshold occurs at a concentration greater than that of the optical transmittance drop, creating a trade-off between conductivity and transparency. The resistivity did drop as much as six orders of magnitude and may be useful for other applications.

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6

Das, Suprem R., Sajia Sadeque, Changwook Jeong, Ruiyi Chen, Muhammad A. Alam, and David B. Janes. "Copercolating Networks: An Approach for Realizing High-Performance Transparent Conductors using Multicomponent Nanostructured Networks." Nanophotonics 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0036.

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Abstract Although transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) are widely employed as transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for applications such as touch screens and displays, new nanostructured TCEs are of interest for future applications, including emerging transparent and flexible electronics. A number of twodimensional networks of nanostructured elements have been reported, including metallic nanowire networks consisting of silver nanowires, metallic carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs), copper nanowires or gold nanowires, and metallic mesh structures. In these single-component systems, it has generally been difficult to achieve sheet resistances that are comparable to ITO at a given broadband optical transparency. A relatively new third category of TCEs consisting of networks of 1D-1D and 1D-2D nanocomposites (such as silver nanowires and CNTs, silver nanowires and polycrystalline graphene, silver nanowires and reduced graphene oxide) have demonstrated TCE performance comparable to, or better than, ITO. In such hybrid networks, copercolation between the two components can lead to relatively low sheet resistances at nanowire densities corresponding to high optical transmittance. This review provides an overview of reported hybrid networks, including a comparison of the performance regimes achievable with those of ITO and single-component nanostructured networks. The performance is compared to that expected from bulk thin films and analyzed in terms of the copercolation model. In addition, performance characteristics relevant for flexible and transparent applications are discussed. The new TCEs are promising, but significant work must be done to ensure earth abundance, stability, and reliability so that they can eventually replace traditional ITO-based transparent conductors.

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7

LIU, JUN, ZHEN LIU, KANGBAO LIN, and AIXIANG WEI. "SYNTHESIS OF SUB-10 NM TiO2 NANOWIRES FOR THE APPLICATION OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500173.

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Highly oriented single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanowires on transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates are prepared by low-temperature hydrothermal method. The small lattice mismatch between FTO substrate and rutile TiO2 promote the epitaxial nucleation and growth of rutile TiO2 nanowires on FTO, with the diameter of 4–6 nm. Due to Van der waals force, the ultrafine nanowires tend to gather together, forming nanowire bundles. Using the ultrafine nanowire bundle array as the photoanode and ruthenium complex (N719) as the sensitizer, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are assembled. The effect of the TiO2 nanowire gathering on the power conversion of the DSSCs has been investigated. Experimental result shows that the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency is increased by reducing the gathering of the nanowires through introducing toluene into reactant precursors. The DSSCs based on the bundles with smallest average width (i.e., least nanowire gathering) show the highest power conversion efficiency of 3.70%. The relatively high energy conversion efficiency is contributed to the large surface area, which enhances the adsorption of dye molecules.

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8

Son, Seung-Rak, and Jun Hyup Lee. "Vertical Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals Based on Spontaneous Alignment Layer Formation between Silver Nanowire Networks and Nonionic Amphiphiles." Crystals 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100913.

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The vertical arrangement of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) in displays can be generally achieved by introducing a polyimide material onto indium tin oxide electrodes. However, this method requires multiple coating and deposition processes as well as high curing temperature, restricting the potential applicability to flexible displays. Thus, we herein propose the facile approach for homeotropic alignment of nematic LCs based on spontaneous alignment layer formation between silver nanowire networks and nonionic amphiphiles. The silver nanowires as transparent electrode materials were spin-coated on glass substrate and 4-(4-heptylphenyl)benzoic acids as nonionic amphiphiles were doped into the LC medium. The nonionic amphiphiles were spontaneously bonded to the polyvinylpyrrolidone capping layer of silver nanowire networks through polar interactions, creating the self-assembled alignment layer of nonionic amphiphiles on silver nanowire electrodes. In addition, the alkyl chains of the amphiphiles interacted with the LC molecules, leading to stable directional LC alignment along vertical direction. The electro-optical characteristics of the manufactured LC cell were comparable to those of conventional device including polyimide layer and indium tin oxide electrode. Overall, the combination of silver nanowire electrode and nonionic amphiphiles presents a new way to achieve the vertical alignment of nematic LCs without polyimide layer.

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9

Cui, Yang, Songqing Zhao, Xuan Xie, Jun Liu, and Hongjie Shi. "Preparation of Indium Tin Oxide Nanowires by Using physical-vapor-transport method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012023.

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Abstract This paper presents a physical-vapor-transport method for the growth of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) nanowires. ITO nanowires were successfully fabricated by physical vapor transport method using gold nanoparticles as catalyst prepared by two methods. The effects of holding temperature and catalyst on the growth of ITO nanowires were investigated. The experimental results show that the longer ITO nanowires can be grown by increasing the holding temperature at 850 °C, increasing the proportion of carbon powder, and using gold nanoparticles catalyst with smaller particle size. The longest ITO nanowire we fabricated is as long as 45 μm. Our experiments show that the density and diameter of ITO nanowires can be controlled by controlling the density and diameter of gold nanoparticle catalysts. The smaller the nanoparticle diameter is, the easier it is to grow long ITO nanowires.

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10

Cui, Yang, Songqing Zhao, Xuan Xie, Jun Liu, and Hongjie Shi. "Preparation of Indium Tin Oxide Nanowires by Using physical-vapor-transport method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012023.

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Abstract This paper presents a physical-vapor-transport method for the growth of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) nanowires. ITO nanowires were successfully fabricated by physical vapor transport method using gold nanoparticles as catalyst prepared by two methods. The effects of holding temperature and catalyst on the growth of ITO nanowires were investigated. The experimental results show that the longer ITO nanowires can be grown by increasing the holding temperature at 850 °C, increasing the proportion of carbon powder, and using gold nanoparticles catalyst with smaller particle size. The longest ITO nanowire we fabricated is as long as 45 μm. Our experiments show that the density and diameter of ITO nanowires can be controlled by controlling the density and diameter of gold nanoparticle catalysts. The smaller the nanoparticle diameter is, the easier it is to grow long ITO nanowires.

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11

Zhao, Yuanhao, Mengyu Zong, Jie Zheng, Zhen Zhang, Qianqian Peng, Shouzhen Jiang, Jie Liu, Jingjing Liu, and Liangbi Su. "Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays as a Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 Laser." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030454.

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We demonstrated a passively Q-switched Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 laser with indium tin oxide nanowire arrays as an optical modulator in the mid-infrared region. In the Q-switched regime, the maximum output power of 58 mW with a slope efficiency of 18.3% was acquired. Meanwhile, the minimum pulse duration and highest repetition rate of the stable pulse trains were 490 ns and 17.09 kHz, corresponding to single pulse energy of 3.4 μJ and peak power of 6.93 W, respectively. To the best of our knowledge it was the first time that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays were employed as a saturable absorber to make pulse lasers carried out at 2.8 μm. The experimental data show that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays can be employed as a competitive candidate for saturable absorber in the field of mid-infrared solid-state lasers.

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12

Zhang, Jianhua, Yiru Li, Bo Wang, Huaying Hu, Bin Wei, and Lianqiao Yang. "High Brightness Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Capillary-Welded Hybrid Diameter Silver Nanowire/Graphene Layers as Electrodes." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080517.

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The development of silver nanowire electrodes is always limited due to some disadvantages, such as roughness, oxidative properties, and other disadvantages. In this research, a capillary-welded silver nanowire/graphene composite film was used as an electrode for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. As an encapsulation layer, graphene reduced the surface roughness and the oxidation probability of silver nanowires. The composite electrode showed an excellent transmittance of 91.5% with low sheet resistant of 26.4 ohm/sq. The devices with the silver nanowire/graphene composite electrode emitted green electroluminescence at 516 nm, and the turn-on voltage was about 3.8 V. The maximum brightness was 50810 cd/cm2, which is higher than the indium tin oxide-based (ITO-based) devices with the same configuration. Finally, it was proved that the silver nanowire/graphene composite electrodes possessed better heat dissipation than the ITO-based ones under energization. In summary, it means that this novel silver nanowires/graphene electrode has great potential in OLED device applications.

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13

Keller, Caroline, Yassine Djezzar, Jingxian Wang, Saravanan Karuppiah, Gérard Lapertot, Cédric Haon, and Pascale Chenevier. "Easy Diameter Tuning of Silicon Nanowires with Low-Cost SnO2-Catalyzed Growth for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152601.

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Silicon nanowires are appealing structures to enhance the capacity of anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, to attain industrial relevance, their synthesis requires a reduced cost. An important part of the cost is devoted to the silicon growth catalyst, usually gold. Here, we replace gold with tin, introduced as low-cost tin oxide nanoparticles, to produce a graphite–silicon nanowire composite as a long-standing anode active material. It is equally important to control the silicon size, as this determines the rate of decay of the anode performance. In this work, we demonstrate how to control the silicon nanowire diameter from 10 to 40 nm by optimizing growth parameters such as the tin loading and the atmosphere in the growth reactor. The best composites, with a rich content of Si close to 30% wt., show a remarkably high initial Coulombic efficiency of 82% for SiNWs 37 nm in diameter.

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14

Song, Jinkyu, Mee-Ree Kim, Youngtae Kim, Darae Seo, Kyungryul Ha, Tae-Eun Song, Wan-Gyu Lee, et al. "Fabrication of junction-free Cu nanowire networks via Ru-catalyzed electroless deposition and their application to transparent conducting electrodes." Nanotechnology 33, no. 6 (November 18, 2021): 065303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac353d.

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Abstract Over the past few years, metal nanowire networks have attracted attention as an alternative to transparent conducting oxide materials such as indium tin oxide for transparent conducting electrode applications. Recently, electrodeposition of metal on nanoscale template is widely used for formation of metal network. In the present work, junctionless Cu nanowire networks were simply fabricated on a substrate by forming a nanostructured Ru with 80 nm width as a seed layer, followed by direct electroless deposition of Cu. By controlling the density of Ru nanowires or the electroless deposition time, we readily achieve desired transmittance and sheet resistance values ranging from ∼1 kΩ sq−1 at 99% to 9 Ω sq−1 at 89%. After being transferred to flexible substrates, the nanowire networks exhibited no obvious increase in resistance during 8000 cycles of a bending test to a radius of 2.5 mm. The durability was verified by evaluation of its heating performance. The maximum temperature was greater than 180 °C at 3 V and remained constant after three repeated cycles and for 10 min. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies revealed that the adhesion between the electrolessly deposited Cu and the seed Ru nanowires strongly influenced the durability of the core–shell structured nanowire-based heaters.

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15

Zhang, Renyun, and Magnus Engholm. "Recent Progress on the Fabrication and Properties of Silver Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080628.

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Transparent electrodes (TEs) made of metallic nanowires, such as Ag, Au, Cu, and Ni, are attracting increasing attention for several reasons: (1) they can act as a substitute for tin oxide-based TEs such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO); (2) various methods exist for fabricating such TEs such as filtration, spraying, and Meyer bar coating; (3) greater compatibility with different substrates can be achieved due to the variety of fabrication methods; and (4) extra functions in addition to serving as electrodes, such as catalytic abilities, can be obtained due to the metals of which the TEs are composed. There are a large number of applications for TEs, ranging from electronics and sensors to biomedical devices. This short review is a summary of recent progress, mainly over the past five years, on silver nanowire-based TEs. The focus of the review is on theory development, mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability as well as optical properties. The many applications of TEs are outside the scope of this review.

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16

Li, Luping, Cheng Xu, Yang Zhao, and Kirk J. Ziegler. "Tin-Doped Indium Oxide-Titania Core-Shell Nanostructures for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/903294.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) hold great promise in the pursuit of reliable and cheap renewable energy. In this work, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)-TiO2core-shell nanostructures are used as the photoanode for DSSCs. High-density, vertically aligned ITO nanowires are grown via a thermal evaporation method and TiO2is coated on nanowire surfaces via TiCl4treatment. It is found that high TiO2annealing temperatures increase the crystallinity of TiO2shell and suppress electron recombination in the core-shell nanostructures. High annealing temperatures also decrease dye loading. The highest efficiency of 3.39% is achieved at a TiO2annealing temperature of 500°C. When HfO2blocking layers are inserted between the core and shell of the nanowire, device efficiency is further increased to 5.83%, which is attributed to further suppression of electron recombination from ITO to the electrolyte. Open-circuit voltage decay (OCVD) measurements show that the electron lifetime increases by more than an order of magnitude upon HfO2insertion. ITO-TiO2core-shell nanostructures with HfO2blocking layers are promising photoanodes for DSSCs.

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17

Zhao, Yangyang, Yicong Chen, Guofu Zhang, Runze Zhan, Juncong She, Shaozhi Deng, and Jun Chen. "High Current Field Emission from Large-Area Indium Doped ZnO Nanowire Field Emitter Arrays for Flat-Panel X-ray Source Application." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010240.

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Large-area zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays have important applications in flat-panel X-ray sources and detectors. Doping is an effective way to enhance the emission current by changing the nanowire conductivity and the lattice structure. In this paper, large-area indium-doped ZnO nanowire arrays were prepared on indium-tin-oxide-coated glass substrates by the thermal oxidation method. Doping with indium concentrations up to 1 at% was achieved by directly oxidizing the In-Zn alloy thin film. The growth process was subsequently explained using a self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. The field emission measurements show that a high emission current of ~20 mA could be obtained from large-area In-doped sample with a 4.8 × 4.8 cm2 area. This high emission current was attributed to the high crystallinity and conductivity change induced by the indium dopants. Furthermore, the application of these In-doped ZnO nanowire arrays in a flat-panel X-ray source was realized and distinct X-ray imaging was demonstrated.

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18

Huang, Hao, Qi Hao, Xingce Fan, Zhengwei Luo, Xiangyu Hou, Xiaozhi Yang, Teng Qiu, and Paul K. Chu. "Self-assembled bundled TiO2nanowire arrays encapsulated with indium tin oxide for broadband absorption in plasmonic photocatalysis." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, no. 39 (2017): 27059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04196a.

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19

Su, Jia-Chi, Tsung-Lin Hsieh, Shu-Meng Yang, Shao-Chun Chao, and Kuo-Chang Lu. "Fabrication and Photocatalytic Properties of Zinc Tin Oxide Nanowires Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071201.

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With the continuous advancement of high-tech industries, how to properly handle pollutants has become urgent. Photocatalysis is a solution that may effectively degrade pollutants into harmless molecules. In this study, we synthesized single crystalline Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanowires through chemical vapor deposition and selective etching. The chemical bath redox method was used to modify the ZTO nanowires with Ag nanoparticles to explore the photocatalytic properties of the nanoheterostructures. The combination of the materials here is rare. Optical measurements by photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Vis show that the PL spectrum of ZTO nanowires was mainly in the visible light region and attributed to oxygen vacancies. The luminescence intensity of the nanowires was significantly reduced after modification, demonstrating that the heterojunction could effectively reduce the electron-hole pair recombination. The reduction increased with the increase in Ag decoration. The conversion from the UV–Vis absorption spectrum to the Tauc Plot shows that the band gap of the nanowire was 4.05 eV. With 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) as the degradation solution, ZTO nanowires exhibit excellent photodegradation efficiency. Reusability and stability in photodegradation of the nanowires were demonstrated. Photocatalytic efficiency increases with the number of Ag nanoparticles. The main reaction mechanism was confirmed by photocatalytic inhibitors. This study enriches our understanding of ZTO-based nanostructures and facilitates their applications in water splitting, sewage treatment and air purification.

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20

Sosada-Ludwikowska, Florentyna, Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher, Martin Sagmeister, and Anton Köck. "Transfer Printing Technology as a Straightforward Method to Fabricate Chemical Sensors Based on Tin Dioxide Nanowires." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143049.

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Metal oxide multi-nanowire-based chemical gas sensors were manufactured by a fast and simple transfer printing technology. A two-step method employing spray pyrolysis deposition and a thermal annealing process was used for SnO 2 nanowires fabrication. A polydimethylsiloxane stamp was used to transfer the SnO 2 nanowires on two different gas sensing devices—Si-based substrates and microhotplate-based platform chips. Both contained a metallic inter-digital electrode structure (IDES), on which the SnO 2 nanowires were transferred for realization of multi-NW gas sensor devices. The gas sensor devices show a very high response towards H 2 S down to the 10 ppb range. Furthermore, a good response towards CO has been achieved, where in particular the microhotplate-based devices exhibit almost no cross sensitivity to humidity.

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21

Zou, Xingquan, Jingshan Luo, Dongwook Lee, Chuanwei Cheng, Daniel Springer, Saritha K. Nair, Siew Ann Cheong, Hong Jin Fan, and Elbert E. M. Chia. "Temperature-dependent terahertz conductivity of tin oxide nanowire films." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 45, no. 46 (October 26, 2012): 465101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/45/46/465101.

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22

Lin, Chih-hung, Shoou-Jinn Chang, Wei-Shou Chen, and Ting-Jen Hsueh. "Transparent ZnO-nanowire-based device for UV light detection and ethanol gas sensing on c-Si solar cell." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23028d.

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In this study, a transparent ZnO nanowire (NW)-based device for ethanol gas sensing and ultraviolet (UV) detection was fabricated and deposited onto an indium tin oxide/crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell.

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23

Zhao, Yong, Caiyun Wang, and Gordon G. Wallace. "Tin nanoparticles decorated copper oxide nanowires for selective electrochemical reduction of aqueous CO2to CO." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 27 (2016): 10710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04155h.

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A low-cost tin-nanoparticles-decorated copper oxide nanowire electrocatalyst is developed to selectively converse aqueous CO₂to CO at modest overpotentials. This Cu–Sn hybrid catalyst exhibits excellent selectivity, activity and durability.

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24

Kang, Youngsoo, and Sanghyun Ju. "Graphene-filter-mounted tin-oxide-nanowire-transistor for chemical sensor." Semiconductor Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (November 5, 2018): 125013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/aae96a.

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25

Fu, Kunwu, Cheng Sun, Nripan Mathews, and Subodh G. Mhaisalkar. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Tin Oxide Nanowire Networks." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 4, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2012.1384.

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26

Nguyen, Pho, Hou T. Ng, Jing Kong, Alan M. Cassell, Richard Quinn, Jun Li, Jie Han, Melanie McNeil, and M. Meyyappan. "Epitaxial Directional Growth of Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays." Nano Letters 3, no. 7 (July 2003): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0342186.

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27

Kolmakov, A., Y. Zhang, G. Cheng, and M. Moskovits. "Detection of CO and O2 Using Tin Oxide Nanowire Sensors." Advanced Materials 15, no. 12 (June 17, 2003): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200304889.

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28

Kim, Hyunki, Gyeong-Nam Lee, and Joondong Kim. "Hybrid Structures of ITO-Nanowire-Embedded ITO Film for the Enhanced Si Photodetectors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4178989.

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A high-performance silicon UV photodetector was achieved by using a hybrid of a film with nanowires. Electrically conductive and optically transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) was deposited to form an ITO film or ITO nanowire (NW) on a Si substrate, resulting in a heterojunction. The ITO-film device is stable with a low-leakage current. Meanwhile, the ITO NWs demonstrated an excellent capability to collect photogenerated carriers. The hybrid ITO (NWs on a film)/Si photodetector demonstrates a fast UV reactive time of 1.6 ms among Si-based photodetectors. We may find a means of enhancing the photoelectric performance capabilities of devices beyond the limits of conventional Si via the adoption of functional designs. Moreover, the use of a homogeneous material for the structuring of films and nanowires would offer a remarkable advantage by reducing both the number of fabrication steps and the cost.

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29

Shaposhnik, Alexey V., Dmitry A. Shaposhnik, Sergey Yu Turishchev, Olga A. Chuvenkova, Stanislav V. Ryabtsev, Alexey A. Vasiliev, Xavier Vilanova, Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez, and Joan R. Morante. "Gas sensing properties of individual SnO2 nanowires and SnO2 sol–gel nanocomposites." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (July 8, 2019): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.136.

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This work is an investigation of the properties of semiconductor materials based on metal oxides, their catalytic properties, and their application as gas sensors, which were shown to exhibit high sensitivity, stability, and selectivity to target gases. The aim of this work is the comparison of gas sensing properties of tin dioxide in the form of individual nanowires and nanopowders obtained by sol–gel synthesis. This comparison is necessary because the traditional synthesis procedures of small particle, metal oxide materials seem to be approaching their limit. Because of this, there is increasing interest in the fabrication of functional materials based on nanowires, i.e., quasi-one-dimensional objects. In this work, nanocrystalline tin dioxide samples with different morphology were synthesized. The gas-transport method was used for the fabrication of well-faceted wire-like crystals with diameters ranging between 15–100 nm. The sol–gel method allowed us to obtain fragile gels from powders with grain sizes of about 5 nm. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it was proven that the nanowires contain considerably smaller amounts of hydroxy groups compared to the nanopowders. This leads to a decrease in the parasitic sensitivity of the sensing materials to humidity. In addition, we demonstrated that the nanowires are characterized by a nearly single-crystalline structure, ensuring higher stability of the sensor response due to the unlikelihood of sample recrystallization. The results from the ammonia detection experiments showed that the ratio of the sensor response to the surface area exhibits similar values for both the individual nanowire and nanopowders-based sensor materials.

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Bhatnagar, Mukesh Chander, and Anima Johari. "Synthesis, Structural and Gas Sensing Characterization of W-Doped SnO₂ Nanostructures." Defect and Diffusion Forum 381 (November 2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.381.15.

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Tin oxide material has been extensively used for gas sensing application. Due to high operating temperature of metal oxide gas sensors, around 600 K and long term instability, research has been carried out to improve the material properties and reducing operating temperature. nanostructure materials have shown higher sensitivity and better stability towards gas environment. Air pollutants from automobiles and industry waste are the primary sources of environmental pollutants and there is need to develop low temperature, sensitive and selective gas sensors to monitor the gas content. In this paper, we have discussed the effect of Tungsten (W) doping in SnO2 nanostructures on the structural and gas sensing properties. The nanostructures have been synthesized by thermal evaporation process. The structural and surface morphology studies confirm the growth of nanowires on silicon substrates. The corresponding EDX spectra also confirm the doping of W into SnO2 nanowires. The gas sensor response of W-doped SnO2 nanowires was investigated upon exposure to various gases. It has been observed that doping of W enhances the NO2 sensitivity of nanowire based sensors at low temperature and the sensor response improves with increase in gas concentration.

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31

Li, Yiqun, Dehong Chen, and Rachel A. Caruso. "Enhanced electrochromic performance of WO3 nanowire networks grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 44 (2016): 10500–10508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc03563a.

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32

Mouchaal, Younes, and Abdelbacet Khelil. "Optimization of SnO2/Ag nanowire transparent hybrid electrodes for optoelectronic applications." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 87, no. 3 (September 2019): 31302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2019190139.

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Silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are gaining more interest as promising candidates for the substitution of indium tin oxide (ITO) for top electrodes in optoelectronic devices. In this work we investigated the electrical, optical, structural, and morphological properties of SnO2/Ag NW hybrid film deposited by spray pyrolysis root. We showed that annealing at appropriate temperature improves optoelectronic and morphological properties of the SnO2/AgNWs electrodes; the optimal annealing temperature was 180 °C for 20 min. These annealing conditions allow better homogenization of the nanowires and their welding at the intersection nodes ensuring conduction of the charge carriers along the conductive grid formed of nanowires. The optimized SnO2/AgNWs electrodes have a large optical window covering the near-UV, Vis and IR range, with an average transparency of 85% and a sheet resistance of 6.1 Ω/sq. These optoelectronic performances have led to a merit factor of 2.5 × 10−2 Ω−1 being a competitive performance among the currently developed electrodes that can be promising candidates for applications as a transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices.

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33

Lim, Taekyung, Sumi Lee, M. Meyyappan, and Sanghyun Ju. "Tin oxide and indium oxide nanowire transport characteristics: influence of oxygen concentration during synthesis." Semiconductor Science and Technology 27, no. 3 (February 3, 2012): 035018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/27/3/035018.

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34

LaForge, J. M., T. L. Cocker, A. L. Beaudry, K. Cui, R. T. Tucker, M. T. Taschuk, F. A. Hegmann, and M. J. Brett. "Conductivity control of as-grown branched indium tin oxide nanowire networks." Nanotechnology 25, no. 3 (December 17, 2013): 035701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/3/035701.

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35

Yoshimura, Masatoshi, Eiji Nakai, Katsuhiro Tomioka, and Takashi Fukui. "Indium tin oxide and indium phosphide heterojunction nanowire array solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 24 (December 9, 2013): 243111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4847355.

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36

Li, Qiang, Lungang Feng, Shuai Wang, Yu-Feng Li, and Feng Yun. "Controlled synthesis of polystyrene-assisted tin-doped indium oxide nanowire networks." Journal of Materials Research 32, no. 9 (April 3, 2017): 1647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.110.

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37

Zhao, Songqing, Daniel Choi, Thomas Lee, Anthony K. Boyd, Paola Barbara, Edward Van Keuren, and Jong-in Hahm. "Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Networks as Effective UV/Vis Photodetection Platforms." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119, no. 26 (August 28, 2014): 14483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp506074c.

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38

Madeira, Alexandra, Marie Plissonneau, Laurent Servant, Irene A. Goldthorpe, and Mona Tréguer-Delapierre. "Increasing Silver Nanowire Network Stability through Small Molecule Passivation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060899.

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Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes show promise as an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). However, these nanowire electrodes degrade in air, leading to significant resistance increases. We show that passivating the nanowire surfaces with small organic molecules of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) does not affect electrode transparency contrary to typical passivation films, and is inexpensive and simple to deposit. The sheet resistance of a 32 nm diameter silver nanowire network coated with MUA increases by only 12% over 120 days when exposed to atmospheric conditions but kept in the dark. The increase is larger when exposed to daylight (588%), but is still nearly two orders of magnitude lower than the resistance increase of unpassivated networks. The difference between the experiments performed under daylight versus the dark exemplifies the importance of testing passivation materials under light exposure.

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39

Manikandan, Arumugam, Ling Lee, Yi-Chung Wang, Chia-Wei Chen, Yu-Ze Chen, Henry Medina, Jiun-Yi Tseng, Zhiming M. Wang, and Yu-Lun Chueh. "Graphene-coated copper nanowire networks as a highly stable transparent electrode in harsh environments toward efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 26 (2017): 13320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01767g.

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Copper nanowire networks (NWs) coated with a graphene layer through a carbon-enclosed chemical vapor deposition technique at a low temperature of 400 °C with a low sheet resistance of 23.2 Ω sq⁻¹ and a high transmittance of 83.4%, which is comparable to typical values of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), as a transparent conducting electrode were demonstrated.

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40

Song, Yuan-Jun, Jing Chen, Jing-Yuan Wu, and Tong Zhang. "Applications of Silver Nanowires on Transparent Conducting Film and Electrode of Electrochemical Capacitor." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/193201.

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Silver nanowire has potential applications on transparent conducting film and electrode of electrochemical capacitor due to its excellent conductivity. Transparent conducting film (G-film) was prepared by coating silver nanowires on glass substrate using Meyer rod method, which exhibited better performance than carbon nanotube and graphene. The conductivity of G-film can be improved by increasing sintering temperature. Electrode of electrochemical capacitor (I-film) was fabricated through the same method with G-film on indium tin oxide (ITO). CV curves of I-film under different scanning rates had obvious redox peaks, which indicated that I-film exhibited excellent electrochemical pseudocapacitance performance and good reversibility during charge/discharge process. In addition, the specific capacitance of I-film was measured by galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments, indicating that I-film exhibits high special capacitance and excellent electrochemical stability.

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41

Wang, Chonge, Boubacar Drame, Lucien Niare, and Fu Yuegang. "Optimization of the Shell Thickness of the ZnO/CdS Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays in a CZTS Absorber." International Journal of Optics 2022 (January 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5301790.

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Copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) solar cells have now become a topic of interest in the solar power generation industry. These are used as an absorber in the zinc oxide (ZnO)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) core-shell nanowire arrays, in order to improve the performance of solar cells. The relationship between the average increase in absorption rates and CdS shell thickness (compared to the thin film) reveals that the optimum thickness with the maximum average absorption rate (39.95%) compared to thin film is 30 nm. The cells’ electrical and optical performance was significantly improved with the introduction of graphene between the ZnO and CdS layers. The shell thicknesses for a better performance of these nanowire solar cells were 30 and 40 nm, with almost the same open-circuit voltage, the similar short-circuit current density, and efficiency, which were 630 mV, 6.39 mA/cm2, and 16.8%, respectively. Furthermore, a minimum reflection of 40% was obtained with these same shell thicknesses.

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42

Liu, Wei, Hao Wu, Ning Du, Man Wu, Wenjia Zhao, and Deren Yang. "Cobalt Oxide@Tin Oxide@Silver Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays as Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energy Technology 5, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600265.

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43

Choi, Yumi, Chang Kim, and Sungjin Jo. "Spray Deposition of Ag Nanowire–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrodes for Flexible Polymer–Dispersed Liquid Crystal Displays." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112231.

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We investigated the effect of different spray-coating parameters on the electro-optical properties of Ag nanowires (NWs). Highly transparent and conductive Ag NW–graphene oxide (GO) hybrid electrodes were fabricated by using the spray-coating technique. The Ag NW percolation network was modified with GO and this led to a reduced sheet resistance of the Ag NW–GO electrode as the result of a decrease in the inter-nanowire contact resistance. Although electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of the Ag NW electrodes have a trade-off relationship, Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes exhibited significantly improved sheet resistance and slightly decreased transmittance compared to Ag NW electrodes. Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes were integrated into smart windows based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) for the first time. Experimental results showed that the electro-optical properties of the PDLCs based on Ag NW–GO electrodes were superior when compared to those of PDLCs based on only Ag NW electrodes. This study revealed that the hybrid Ag NW–GO electrode is a promising material for manufacturing the large-area flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free PDLCs.

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44

Lukas, Halagacka, Gelnarova Zuzana, Al-Ghzaiwat Mutaz, Florea Ileana, Hornicek Jiri, Postava Kamil, and Foldyna Martin. "Tin reduction from fluorine doped tin oxide for silicon nanowire-based solar energy harvesting and storage." Optics Express 29, no. 20 (September 16, 2021): 31465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.435500.

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45

Lin, Ming-Yi, Tsun-Jui Chen, Li-Jen Hsiao, Yu Ling Kang, Wei-Feng Xu, Wei-Chen Tu, Pei-Kuen Wei, and Chih-Wei Chu. "Flexible Indium Tin Oxide-Free Polymer Solar Cells with Silver Nanowire Electrodes." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2017.2075.

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46

Boyd, E. J., and S. A. Brown. "The size dependence of tin oxide atomic cluster nanowire field effect transistors." Nanotechnology 20, no. 42 (September 25, 2009): 425201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/42/425201.

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47

Markina, Daria I., Anatoly P. Pushkarev, Ivan I. Shishkin, Filipp E. Komissarenko, Alexander S. Berestennikov, Alexey S. Pavluchenko, Irina P. Smirnova, et al. "Perovskite nanowire lasers on low-refractive-index conductive substrate for high-Q and low-threshold operation." Nanophotonics 9, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 3977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0207.

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AbstractOver the last five years, inorganic lead halide perovskite nanowires have emerged as prospective candidates to supersede standard semiconductor analogs in advanced photonic designs and optoelectronic devices. In particular, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite materials have great advantages over conventional semiconductors such as defect tolerance, highly efficient luminescence, and the ability to form regularly shaped nano- and microcavities from solution via fast crystallization. However, on the way of electrically pumped lasing, the perovskite nanowires grown on transparent conductive substrates usually suffer from strong undesirable light leakage increasing their threshold of lasing. Here, we report on the integration of CsPbBr3 nanowires with nanostructured indium tin oxide substrates possessing near-unity effective refractive index and high conductivity by using a simple wet chemical approach. Surface passivation of the substrates is found out to govern the regularity of the perovskite resonators’ shape. The nanowires show room-temperature lasing with ultrahigh quality factors (up to 7860) which are up to four times higher than that of similar structures on a flat indium tin oxide layer, resulting in more than twofold reduction of the lasing threshold for the nanostructured substrate. Numerical modeling of eigenmodes of the nanowires confirms the key role of low-refractive-index substrate for improved light confinement in the Fabry–Pérot cavity which results in superior laser performance.

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48

Krantz, Johannes, Moses Richter, Stefanie Spallek, Erdmann Spiecker, and Christoph J. Brabec. "Solution-Processed Metallic Nanowire Electrodes as Indium Tin Oxide Replacement for Thin-Film Solar Cells." Advanced Functional Materials 21, no. 24 (October 24, 2011): 4784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201100457.

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49

MOSTEFA KARA, Selma, and Abdelhalim BENMANSOUR. "Properties of High Efficiency Nanostructured Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Thin Film Solar Cells." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 70, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.1.1108001.

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Nowadays it is widely acknowledged that solar photovoltaic energy is one of the preferred options for sustainable management of the future energy needs of the world. For this, new technological processes, known as second and third generations, based on the use of thin films and nanomaterials, have recently been developed in order to reduce the cost of solar cells. Over the past few years, the yield of second-generation Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin-film cells has exceeded 22 %. It was found that as nanostructured materials such as nanowire arrays often have a higher light absorption rate than thin films, they can therefore be used. This article aims to design and model nanostructured CIGS thin film solar cells based on indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires. Modelling provides information on the operation of CIGS solar cells, as well as on the mechanisms of absorption and electric charge transport. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the electrical and optical characteristics (ISC, VOC, FF, η) of a ZnO/CdS/CIGS heterojunction thin film structure. Thus, an optimum efficiency of 17.57 % and a form factor of 76.56 % were achieved. Afterwards, the Mo film rear contact was replaced with ITO nanowires which were introduced into the CIGS-based solar cell. The results indicated that the solar cells under study exhibited very good photovoltaic performance, with an efficiency of 21.26 %. It is worth noting that this performance is higher than that of the corresponding CIGS thin film cells. In addition, the large active surface area of the ITO nanowire electrode and the short distance that the charge must travel helped to improve charge collection in the nanostructure. This would certainly increase the short circuit current ISC, and consequently the electrical efficiency. The simulation was based on the low-field mobility model, and on Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) and Auger carrier transport and recombination models which may be activated in ATLAS-SILVACO (2D).

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50

Bardet, Laetitia, Dorina T. Papanastasiou, Chiara Crivello, Masoud Akbari, João Resende, Abderrahime Sekkat, Camilo Sanchez-Velasquez, et al. "Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112785.

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Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been intensively investigated in recent years. Thanks to their attractive physical properties in terms of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, as well as their mechanical performance, AgNW networks are promising transparent electrodes (TE) for several devices, such as solar cells, transparent heaters, touch screens or light-emitting devices. However, morphological instabilities, low adhesion to the substrate, surface roughness and ageing issues may limit their broader use and need to be tackled for a successful performance and long working lifetime. The aim of the present work is to highlight efficient strategies to optimize the physical properties of AgNW networks. In order to situate our work in relation to existing literature, we briefly reported recent studies which investigated physical properties of AgNW networks. First, we investigated the optimization of optical transparency and electrical conductivity by comparing two types of AgNWs with different morphologies, including PVP layer and AgNW dimensions. In addition, their response to thermal treatment was deeply investigated. Then, zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO2) protective films deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (AP-SALD) were compared for one type of AgNW. We clearly demonstrated that coating AgNW networks with these thin oxide layers is an efficient approach to enhance the morphological stability of AgNWs when subjected to thermal stress. Finally, we discussed the main future challenges linked with AgNW networks optimization processes.

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