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Статті в журналах з теми "Time-space interaction"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 29 березня 2025

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1

Chukova, S., and V. E. Gauzelman. "Size Distortions: Space-Time Interaction." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970102.

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We used a modified method of constant stimuli to measure spatial interval discrimination thresholds. Horizontal intervals were indicated by a pair of dark vertical lines on a bright background. In each experimental session, thresholds were measured for seven reference stimuli, presented in random order. Reference stimulus separations varied from 9.52 to 16.66 min−1 in increments of 1.95 min−1. The interstimulus interval (ISI) was varied (50, 200, 500, and 1000 ms) between experimental sessions. Stimulus duration was constant at 500 ms. For all ISI durations, the point of subjective equality (PSE) for small spatial separation references was less than physical equality, the PSE for larger separations was greater, and the PSE was close to physical equality for reference stimuli in the centre of the range. This result is consistent with the modular model [V D Glezer, 1995 Vision and Mind (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum)]. However, the magnitude of the PSE shifts was affected by the ISI duration: at 50 and 1000 ms, the small spatial intervals were more underestimated and the large ones were more overestimated than at 200 or 500 ms. The discriminability thresholds based on the slopes of the psychometric functions varied inversely with the ISI duration, but at the ISI of 1000 ms increased again. These findings demonstrate that in the sequential mode of presentation the temporal separation can be as important as the spatial separation distribution in determining the PSE. This suggests that these size distortions result more from memory processing than from spatial processing.

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2

Ciobanu, Gabriel. "Interaction in Time and Space." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 203, no. 3 (May 2008): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2008.04.083.

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3

Mead, Pamela, and Chris Pacione. "Time and space." Interactions 3, no. 2 (March 1996): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/227181.227188.

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4

TAKIZAWA, KENJI, and TAYFUN E. TEZDUYAR. "SPACE–TIME FLUID–STRUCTURE INTERACTION METHODS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 22, supp02 (July 25, 2012): 1230001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202512300013.

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Since its introduction in 1991 for computation of flow problems with moving boundaries and interfaces, the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space–Time (DSD/SST) formulation has been applied to a diverse set of challenging problems. The classes of problems computed include free-surface and two-fluid flows, fluid–object, fluid–particle and fluid–structure interaction (FSI), and flows with mechanical components in fast, linear or rotational relative motion. The DSD/SST formulation, as a core technology, is being used for some of the most challenging FSI problems, including parachute modeling and arterial FSI. Versions of the DSD/SST formulation introduced in recent years serve as lower-cost alternatives. More recent variational multiscale (VMS) version, which is called DSD/SST-VMST (and also ST-VMS), has brought better computational accuracy and serves as a reliable turbulence model. Special space–time FSI techniques introduced for specific classes of problems, such as parachute modeling and arterial FSI, have increased the scope and accuracy of the FSI modeling in those classes of computations. This paper provides an overview of the core space–time FSI technique, its recent versions, and the special space–time FSI techniques. The paper includes test computations with the DSD/SST-VMST technique.

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5

Strydom, Tanya, Michael D. Catchen, Francis Banville, Dominique Caron, Gabriel Dansereau, Philippe Desjardins-Proulx, Norma R. Forero-Muñoz, et al. "A roadmap towards predicting species interaction networks (across space and time)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1837 (September 20, 2021): 20210063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0063.

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Networks of species interactions underpin numerous ecosystem processes, but comprehensively sampling these interactions is difficult. Interactions intrinsically vary across space and time, and given the number of species that compose ecological communities, it can be tough to distinguish between a true negative (where two species never interact) from a false negative (where two species have not been observed interacting even though they actually do). Assessing the likelihood of interactions between species is an imperative for several fields of ecology. This means that to predict interactions between species—and to describe the structure, variation, and change of the ecological networks they form—we need to rely on modelling tools. Here, we provide a proof-of-concept, where we show how a simple neural network model makes accurate predictions about species interactions given limited data. We then assess the challenges and opportunities associated with improving interaction predictions, and provide a conceptual roadmap forward towards predictive models of ecological networks that is explicitly spatial and temporal. We conclude with a brief primer on the relevant methods and tools needed to start building these models, which we hope will guide this research programme forward. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.

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6

Portnov, Yu A. "Gravitational interaction in seven-dimensional space-time." Gravitation and Cosmology 17, no. 2 (April 2011): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0202289311020186.

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7

Metaxas, Dimitrios. "Instanton interaction in de Sitter space–time." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 33 (November 30, 2018): 1850200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18502007.

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Because of the presence of a cosmological horizon, the dilute instanton gas approximation used for the derivation of the Coleman–De Luccia tunneling rate in de Sitter space–time receives additional contributions due to the finite instanton separation. Here, I calculate the first corrections to the vacuum decay rate that arise from this effect and depend on the parameters of the theory and the cosmological constant of the background space–time.

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8

Arfaei, H., and D. Kamani. "Mixed branes interaction in compact space-time." Nuclear Physics B 561, no. 1-2 (November 1999): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(99)00534-9.

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9

Takizawa, Kenji, and Tayfun E. Tezduyar. "Multiscale space–time fluid–structure interaction techniques." Computational Mechanics 48, no. 3 (February 5, 2011): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-011-0571-z.

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10

Miller, Harvey J. "Necessary Space—Time Conditions for Human Interaction." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32, no. 3 (June 2005): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b31154.

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Key scientific and application questions concern the relationships between individual-level activities and their effects on broader human phenomena, such as transportation systems and cities. Continuing advances in geographic information science, location-aware technologies, and geosimulation methods offer great potential for observational and simulation studies of human activities at high levels of spatiotemporal resolution. The author contributes by developing rigorous statements of the necessary space–time conditions for human interaction by extending a measurement theory for time geography. The extended measurement theory identifies necessary conditions both for physical and for virtual interaction. The theory suggests elegant and tractable solutions that can be derived from data available from location-aware technologies or geosimulation methods. These conditions and their solutions could be used to infer the possibilities for human interaction from detailed space–time trajectories and prisms generated from observation or simulation studies.

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11

Buck, Steven L. "Cone-rod interaction over time and space." Vision Research 25, no. 7 (January 1985): 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90201-9.

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12

Choi, Jaz Hee-jeong, and Anne Galloway. "Movement, time, and space, two ways." Interactions 28, no. 2 (March 2021): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3450146.

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13

Abreu, Everton M. C., and Mario Junior Neves. "Strong interaction model in DFR noncommutative space–time." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 17 (June 13, 2017): 1750099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500993.

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The Doplicher–Fredenhagen–Roberts (DFR) framework for noncommutative (NC) space–times is considered as an alternative approach to describe the physics of quantum gravity, for instance. In this formalism, the NC parameter, i.e. [Formula: see text], is promoted to a coordinate of a new extended space–time. Consequently, we have field theory in a space–time with spatial extra-dimensions. This new coordinate has a canonical momentum associated, where the effects of a new physics can emerge in the fields propagation along the extra-dimension. In this paper, we introduce the gauge invariance in the DFR NC space–time by the composite symmetry [Formula: see text]. We present the non-Abelian gauge symmetry in DFR formalism and the consequences of this symmetry in the presence of such extra-dimension. The gauge symmetry in this DFR scenario can reveal new gauge fields attached to [Formula: see text]-extra-dimension. As application, we construct a unification of Strong Interaction with the electromagnetism and a Higgs model to give masses to the NC bosons. We estimate their masses by using some experimental constraints of QCD.

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14

JACQUEZ, GEOFFREY M. "Ak NEAREST NEIGHBOUR TEST FOR SPACE-TIME INTERACTION." Statistics in Medicine 15, no. 18 (September 30, 1996): 1935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960930)15:18<1935::aid-sim406>3.0.co;2-i.

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15

Walhorn, E., B. Hübner, and D. Dinkler. "Space-Time Finite Elements for Fluid-Structure Interaction." PAMM 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1617-7061(200203)1:1<81::aid-pamm81>3.0.co;2-1.

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16

DAS, P. K. "TIME EVOLUTION OF THE PHASE OPERATOR IN INTERACTING FOCK SPACE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 16 (June 30, 2004): 2287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204026081.

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17

LATINKSY, S., and D. SOROKIN. "ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC MOMENTUM IN 3D SPACE-TIME AND SELF-INTERACTING ANYONS." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 38 (December 14, 1991): 3525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004073.

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The statistical properties of matter fields with anomalous magnetic momentum interacting with the Chern-Simons-Maxwell (CSM) field are considered. It is shown that in the theory with pure Chern-Simons (CS) action the Semenoff gauge results in anyons with self-interaction. Even in the presence of the Maxwell term there is a particular solution for which the anyonic system with (current) x (current) self-interaction arises.

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18

Redig, Frank, Sylvie Rœlly, and Wioletta Ruszel. "Short-Time Gibbsianness for Infinite-Dimensional Diffusions with Space-Time Interaction." Journal of Statistical Physics 138, no. 6 (January 28, 2010): 1124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-010-9926-7.

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19

F Crawford, David. "Photons in Curved Space?Time." Australian Journal of Physics 40, no. 3 (1987): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph870449.

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Because photons are described by quantum mechanical wavefunctions that have a nonzero spatial extent it follows that they can be influenced by curved space-time. It is generally assumed that this tidal interaction is far too small to have a significant effect. This paper argues that there is a significant effect that results in an interaction between the photon and the material causing the curved space-time in which the photon loses energy to low energy secondary photons. The energy loss is a function of the space-time curvature and is proportional to distance. The only situation fully considered is that of a photon in curved space-time due to a uniform distribution of matter. Because the energy loss rate is very small it is difficult to observe in the laboratory and therefore its major applications are in astronomy. If the intergalactic density of matter is n hydrogen atoms m - 3, then the predicted value for the 'Hubble' constant (assuming no universal expansion) is 51�68 n1 /2 km s - 1 Mpc - 1. The theory can solve the virial mass discrepancy observed in clusters of galaxies and it makes a definite prediction about their relative magnitudes. Other astronomical applications are considered.

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20

Klauder, John R. "Mixed Models: Combining incompatible scalar models in any space–time dimension." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 01 (January 9, 2017): 1750001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500014.

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Traditionally, covariant scalar field theory models are either super renormalizable, strictly renormalizable, or nonrenormalizable. The goal of “Mixed Models” is to make sense of sums of these distinct examples, e.g. [Formula: see text], which includes an example of each kind for space–time dimension [Formula: see text]. We show how the several interactions such mixed models have may be turned on and off in any order without any difficulties. Analogous results are shown for [Formula: see text], etc. for all [Formula: see text]. Different categories hold for [Formula: see text] such as, e.g. [Formula: see text], that involve polynomial [Formula: see text] and suitable nonpolynomial [Formula: see text] interactions, etc. Analogous situations for [Formula: see text] (time alone) offer simple “toy” examples of how such mixed models may be constructed. As a general rule, if the introduction of a specific interaction term reduces the domain of the free classical action, we invariably find that the introduction of the associated quantum interaction leads, effectively, to a “nonrenormalizable” quantum theory. However, in special cases, a classical interaction that does not reduce the domain of the classical free action may generate an “unsatisfactory” quantum theory, which generally involves a model-specific, different approach to become “satisfactory.” We will encounter both situations in our analysis.

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21

TEO, L. P. "FINITE TEMPERATURE FERMIONIC CASIMIR INTERACTION IN ANTI-DE SITTER SPACE–TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 31 (December 19, 2013): 1350158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13501583.

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We study the finite temperature Casimir interactions on two parallel boundaries in the anti-de Sitter space–time AdS D+1 induced by the vacuum fluctuations of a massive fermionic field with MIT bag boundary conditions. Due to the nontrivial curvature, the magnitudes of the Casimir pressures on the two boundaries are different, where the pressure on the right is larger than the pressure on the left. Nevertheless, it is shown that the Casimir interaction always tends to attract the two boundaries to each other at any temperature and for any mass. The ratio of the magnitude of the pressure on the right to the magnitude of the pressure on the left decreases as the temperature increases or when the mass increases. For bosonic fields, it is well known that the high temperature leading term of the Casimir interaction is linear in temperature. However, for fermionic fields, the Casimir interaction decays exponentially at high temperature due to the absence of zero Matsubara frequency.

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22

Godarev-Lozovsky, M. G. "THE ONTOLOGICAL TRIANGLE OF THE RELATIONAL PARADIGM." Metaphysics, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2021-2-24-38.

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The philosophical analysis of three main paradigms in the basis of physical knowledge is carried out. It is permissible to conclude that in the case of electromagnetic interaction between the emitter and the absorber: 1) the process of interaction of the photon with the medium in space and time can occur; 2) in the case when the photon “teleports” - there is only a relation outside of space and time. The following classification of fundamental concepts, with which the relational paradigm deals, is revealed. The ideal: space and time, field, information, a set of movements of quantum particles. The material: interactions, environment. Nothing more than countable: time, electromagnetic interactions. Uncountable: space, environment, interactions with the environment, a set of movements of quantum particles. Substantial: environment, interactions, information, a set of movements of quantum particles. Relational: space, time, field - as a means of description.

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23

Legendre, Pierre, Miquel De Cáceres, and Daniel Borcard. "Community surveys through space and time: testing the space–time interaction in the absence of replication." Ecology 91, no. 1 (January 2010): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-0199.1.

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24

Nikolayevich Sukhanov, Vladimir. "Space time energy equivalence." International Journal of Physical Research 12, no. 1 (April 24, 2024): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/n7tgaw97.

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Space–time–energy equivalence is the principle that everything that has space and time (in the presence of a constant force with an impact point) has an equivalent amount of energy, and vice versa. This equivalence is widespread in physics and astrophysics. Five examples (Stoney units, Planck units, Newton's law and Interaction of light rays, standard gravitational parameter and Coulomb's law) of the algebraic notation of this principle show its universality. Five examples (repetitions) of the same principle should justify the universality of the new principle and its use in physics and astrophysics. The proposed equivalence reveals the functional relationship between physical constants: Planck's constant, electric charge of an electron, vacuum permittivity and vacuum permeability. The realization of this equivalence will allow, through deepening the understanding of the nature of space–time, to take a fresh look at physics, when describing natural laws and principles.

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25

Burri, René. "Vacuum-Matter Interaction through Hyper-Dimensional Time-Space Shifting." Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 02, no. 03 (2016): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2016.23037.

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26

Knowlton, AL, and RC Highsmith. "Convergence in the time-space continuum:a predator-prey interaction." Marine Ecology Progress Series 197 (2000): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps197285.

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27

van Brummelen, E. H., K. G. van der Zee, and R. de Borst. "Space/time multigrid for a fluid–structure-interaction problem." Applied Numerical Mathematics 58, no. 12 (December 2008): 1951–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2007.11.012.

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28

Mack, Elizabeth A., Nicholas Malizia, and Sergio J. Rey. "Population shift bias in tests of space–time interaction." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 36, no. 6 (November 2012): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2012.05.001.

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29

Ye, Xinyue, Xiao Xu, Jay Lee, Xinyan Zhu, and Ling Wu. "Space–time interaction of residential burglaries in Wuhan, China." Applied Geography 60 (June 2015): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.022.

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30

Legay, Antoine, and Andreas Zilian. "Enriched space-time finite elements for fluid-structure interaction." European Journal of Computational Mechanics 17, no. 5-7 (January 2008): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/remn.17.725-736.

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31

Mangoud, A., V. F. Hillier, I. Leck, and R. W. Thomas. "Space-time interaction in Hodgkin's disease in Greater Manchester." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 39, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.39.1.58.

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32

Kijko, A., and C. W. Funk. "Space-time interaction amongst clusters of mining induced seismicity." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 147, no. 2 (July 1996): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00877483.

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33

Lawson, Andrew B., and Jean Francois Viel. "Tests for directional space—time interaction in epidemiological data." Statistics in Medicine 14, no. 21-22 (November 15, 1995): 2383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780142109.

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34

Ugarte, M. D., T. Goicoa, J. Etxeberria, and A. F. Militino. "Testing for space-time interaction in conditional autoregressive models." Environmetrics 23, no. 1 (July 28, 2011): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.1126.

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35

HAYASHI, MASAKO, TOMOHIRO INAGAKI, and HIROYUKI TAKATA. "PHASE STRUCTURE OF MULTIFERMION INTERACTION MODELS IN WEAKLY CURVED SPACE–TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2009): 5363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09047405.

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The phase structure of a model with a scalar type eight-fermion interaction is investigated in weakly curved space–time. The ground state of the model is obtained by observing the minimum of the effective potential. Applying the Riemann normal coordinate expansion, we calculate an effective potential of the model in a weakly curved space–time. The result is extended to models with multifermion interactions. We numerically show the behavior of the effective potential and obtain the phase structure of the model.

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36

Hernando, A., R. Hernando, and A. Plastino. "Space–time correlations in urban sprawl." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 91 (February 6, 2014): 20130930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0930.

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Understanding demographic and migrational patterns constitutes a great challenge. Millions of individual decisions, motivated by economic, political, demographic, rational and/or emotional reasons underlie the high complexity of demographic dynamics. Significant advances in quantitatively understanding such complexity have been registered in recent years, as those involving the growth of cities but many fundamental issues still defy comprehension. We present here compelling empirical evidence of a high level of regularity regarding time and spatial correlations in urban sprawl, unravelling patterns about the inertia in the growth of cities and their interaction with each other. By using one of the world's most exhaustive extant demographic data basis—that of the Spanish Government's Institute INE, with records covering 111 years and (in 2011) 45 million people, distributed among more than 8000 population nuclei—we show that the inertia of city growth has a characteristic time of 15 years, and its interaction with the growth of other cities has a characteristic distance of 80 km. Distance is shown to be the main factor that entangles two cities (60% of total correlations). The power of our current social theories is thereby enhanced.

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37

Krechet, V. G., V. B. Oshurko, and A. E. Baidin. "Gravitational interactions in the Dirac spinor fields and possible structure of local space-time of fermions." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 5 (2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/5/129.

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In the framework of general relativity, possible effects of the gravitational interactions in the Dirac spinor field are considered. It is shown that these interactions manifest locally as contact spin-spin interaction of the gravitational and spinor fields. This interaction leads to the classical rotation of particles with spin ħ /2. As a result, it leads to appearance of local internal space-time with specific geometric properties for each particle. New effect of an increase of the mass of spinor particles due to this interaction is found. Also, an explanation of the existence of a magnetic moment in Dirac spinor particles as a result of a local electro-spin-spin interaction has been proposed.

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38

Li, Yihui, Jiajun Wu, Xiaohan Chen, and Yisheng Guan. "Probabilistic Dual-Space Fusion for Real-Time Human-Robot Interaction." Biomimetics 8, no. 6 (October 19, 2023): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8060497.

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For robots in human environments, learning complex and demanding interaction skills from humans and responding quickly to human motions are highly desirable. A common challenge for interaction tasks is that the robot has to satisfy both the task space and the joint space constraints on its motion trajectories in real time. Few studies have addressed the issue of hyperspace constraints in human-robot interaction, whereas researchers have investigated it in robot imitation learning. In this work, we propose a method of dual-space feature fusion to enhance the accuracy of the inferred trajectories in both task space and joint space; then, we introduce a linear mapping operator (LMO) to map the inferred task space trajectory to a joint space trajectory. Finally, we combine the dual-space fusion, LMO, and phase estimation into a unified probabilistic framework. We evaluate our dual-space feature fusion capability and real-time performance in the task of a robot following a human-handheld object and a ball-hitting experiment. Our inference accuracy in both task space and joint space is superior to standard Interaction Primitives (IP) which only use single-space inference (by more than 33%); the inference accuracy of the second order LMO is comparable to the kinematic-based mapping method, and the computation time of our unified inference framework is reduced by 54.87% relative to the comparison method.

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39

de Vries, J., and Ulf-G. Meißner. "Violations of discrete space–time symmetries in chiral effective field theory." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 05 (May 2016): 1641008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316410081.

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We review recent progress in the theoretical description of the violation of discrete space–time symmetries in hadronic and nuclear systems. We focus on parity-violating and time-reversal-conserving interactions which are induced by the Standard Model weak interaction, and on parity- and time-reversal-violating interactions which can be caused by a nonzero QCD [Formula: see text] term or by beyond-the-Standard Model physics. We discuss the origins of such interactions and review the development of the chiral effective field theory extension that includes discrete symmetry violations. We discuss the construction of symmetry-violating chiral Lagrangians and nucleon–nucleon potentials and their applications in few-body systems.

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40

Deng ‎, Xiaohan, and Zhiyong Deng ‎. "The Matter Wave Is Space-Time Wave." Hyperscience International Journals 2, no. 3 (September 2022): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55672/hij2022pp60-75.

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This paper aims to point out that a wave function is a description of a quantum spatiotemporal ‎entanglement and the ‎‎transformation between time and space. In any quantum mechanical ‎representation, the real part of the wave function ‎‎represents the space wave and the imaginary ‎part represents the time wave, and they are the space-time itself. Time wave is ‎‎not limited by ‎space and dominates the nonlocality and integrity of a quantum. Matter wave is a four-‎dimensional space-time ‎‎wave, and the basic unit of vacuum is a four-dimensional space-time ‎element stationary relative to the observer. The essence ‎‎of quantum measurement or interaction is ‎that a conjugate condensation equivalent to that determined by inner product ‎‎operation occurs ‎between Space-time waves. Particle property is only the localization effect of quantum global ‎collapse when ‎‎quantum position measurement or equivalent interaction is made.‎

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41

Song, Bingbing, Yanlin Wang, and Fang Li. "The Visualization Representation of Space-Time-Path in The Space-Time-Cube." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012030.

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Abstract Map is a traditional visualization tool to represent distribution and interaction of spatial objects or spatial phenomenon. However, with the continuous development of acquisition and processing technologies for spatio-temporal data, traditional map can hardly meet the visualization requirement for this type of data. In other words, the dynamic information about spatial object or phenomenon cannot be expressed fully by traditional map. The Space-Time-Cube (STC), as a three-dimensional visualization environment, whose base represents the two-dimensional geographical space and whose height represents the temporal dimension, can simultaneously represent the spatial distribution as well as the temporal changes of spatio-temporal data. For some spatial object or phenomenon, its moving trajectory can be visualized in STC as a Space-Time-Path (STP), by which the speed and state of motion can be clearly reflected. Noticeably, the problem of visual clutter about STP is inevitably due to the complexity of three-dimensional visualization. In order to reduce the impact of visual clutter, this paper discusses different aspects about visualization representation of STP in the STC. The multiple scales representation and the multiple views display can promote interactive experience of users, and the application of different visual variables can help to represent different kinds of attribute information of STP. With the visualization of STP, spatio-temporal changes and attributive characters of spatial object or phenomenon can be represented and analysed.

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42

Thomas, R. W. "Space-Time Interactions in Multiregion Disease Modelling." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 3 (March 1992): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240341.

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In this paper, some methods for representing space and time consistently within a deterministic version of the recurrent epidemic model are examined. First, a general framework for transforming a model for a single community into a multiregion counterpart where the frequency of contact between susceptibles and infectives is some inverse function of distance is described. Different spatial interaction representations of the accessibility of the regional populations to one another are shown to induce variations in the temporal behaviour of the disease model which are conditional on whether the specification allows for a single infectivity rate or a set of regionally variable rates. The second of these specifications is shown to induce lead and lag times between the simulated regional disease-incidence and the average study-area cycle. In the central section of this paper, the relationship between these temporal effects and the accessibility of the region which is the source of the simulated epidemic is analysed. Last, the assumption of a static equilibrium is relaxed to allow for the combined effects of population distribution and regional accessibility on the consistency of the alternative specifications to be assessed.

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43

Mitrouskas, David, Sören Petrat, and Peter Pickl. "Bogoliubov corrections and trace norm convergence for the Hartree dynamics." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 31, no. 08 (September 2019): 1950024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x19500247.

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We consider the dynamics of a large number [Formula: see text] of nonrelativistic bosons in the mean field limit for a class of interaction potentials that includes Coulomb interaction. In order to describe the fluctuations around the mean field Hartree state, we introduce an auxiliary Hamiltonian on the [Formula: see text]-particle space that is similar to the one obtained from Bogoliubov theory. We show convergence of the auxiliary time evolution to the fully interacting dynamics in the norm of the [Formula: see text]-particle space. This result allows us to prove several other results: convergence of reduced density matrices in trace norm with optimal rate, convergence in energy trace norm, and convergence to a time evolution obtained from the Bogoliubov Hamiltonian on Fock space with expected optimal rate. We thus extend and quantify several previous results, e.g., by providing the physically important convergence rates, including time-dependent external fields and singular interactions, and allowing for more general initial states, e.g., those that are expected to be ground states of interacting systems.

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44

Binetti, N., N. Hagura, C. Fadipe, A. Tomassini, V. Walsh, and S. Bestmann. "Binding space and time through action." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1805 (April 22, 2015): 20150381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0381.

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Space and time are intimately coupled dimensions in the human brain. Several lines of evidence suggest that space and time are processed by a shared analogue magnitude system. It has been proposed that actions are instrumental in establishing this shared magnitude system. Here we provide evidence in support of this hypothesis, by showing that the interaction between space and time is enhanced when magnitude information is acquired through action. Participants observed increases or decreases in the height of a visual bar (spatial magnitude) while judging whether a simultaneously presented sequence of acoustic tones had accelerated or decelerated (temporal magnitude). In one condition (Action), participants directly controlled the changes in bar height with a hand grip device, whereas in the other (No Action), changes in bar height were externally controlled but matched the spatial/temporal profile of the Action condition. The sign of changes in bar height biased the perceived rate of the tone sequences, where increases in bar height produced apparent increases in tone rate. This effect was amplified when the visual bar was actively controlled in the Action condition, and the strength of the interaction was scaled by the magnitude of the action. Subsequent experiments ruled out that this was simply explained by attentional factors, and additionally showed that a monotonic mapping is also required between grip force and bar height in order to bias the perception of the tones. These data provide support for an instrumental role of action in interfacing spatial and temporal quantities in the brain.

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45

Starr, Ariel, and Elizabeth M. Brannon. "Visuospatial working memory influences the interaction between space and time." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 23, no. 6 (April 26, 2016): 1839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1043-4.

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46

Minkevich, A. V. "About gravitational interaction in astrophysics in Riemann–Cartan space-time." Classical and Quantum Gravity 36, no. 5 (February 7, 2019): 055003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab01c0.

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47

Kulldorff, Martin, and Ulf Hjalmars. "The Knox Method and Other Tests for Space-Time Interaction." Biometrics 55, no. 2 (June 1999): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00544.x.

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48

韩, 永全. "Interaction of Fell Space, Time, Mass Relation—Constant of LIZI." Modern Physics 03, no. 02 (2013): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/mp.2013.32010.

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49

Peter, William. "Time-Dependent Interaction between Space Plasmas and Transverse Magnetic Fields." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 14, no. 6 (December 1986): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.1986.4316642.

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50

Power, W. L. "The interaction of propagating space-time fluctuations with wave packets." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 455, no. 1983 (March 8, 1999): 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1999.0346.

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