Статті в журналах: "TiB2/TiB(N)/Si3N4"

1

Wei, Li, Shan Shaofu, and Fang Qianghan. "Surface properties of the in situ formed ceramic-reinforced composite coating on TA15 alloy." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0045.

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AbstractA hard composite coating was fabricated by laser alloying of the Co-Fe-Al+B4C-Si3N4 mixed powders on TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) titanium alloy in an open system. The composite coating mainly consisted of γ-Co, TiB2, TiB, TiC0.3N0.7, SiC, Ti3Al, FeAl, and Co-Ti intermetallics. The TEM diffraction pattern results indicated that the orientation relationship between TiB2 and TiC0.3N0.7 was (1-20)TiB2//(2-20)TiC0.3N0.7 in such a coating. Furthermore, during the alloying process, a number of Mo and Zr entered into the molten pool from the substrate due to the dilution effect, which refined the microstructures of the composite coating and also increased the amorphous phase content.

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2

Lin, Yinghua, Haibo Wang, Mingxing Zhang, Hui Lin, Dengqiang Yan, Qinghua Lin, Xin Kang, and Xinlin Wang. "Gradient Coating of Laser Cladding TiB2/Ti-Based Alloy on Titanium Alloy Surface." Coatings 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040743.

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The technology of the TiB2/TiB cladding layer addresses the issue of the insufficient wear resistance of cup-shaped parts composed of titanium alloy materials. In order to eliminate the cracking problem of laser cladding TiB2/Ti-based alloy, 30%TiB2/Ti-based alloy gradient coating was prepared on the surface of titanium alloy by laser cladding in this study. The results revealed that the microstructure of the matrix and the cladding layer is metallurgically bonded. The microstructures of the cladding layer appear as rod-like and coarse-grained features on the surface, and fine needle-like and small-grained morphologies inside. The fine needle-like TiB precipitated in situ from the melt has a flat interface with Ti and exhibits a low degree of interfacial mismatch, while the interface between small particle-like TiB and Ti is wavy and has a high degree of interfacial mismatch. The gradual increase in the amount of TiB is present from the surface to the bottom of the cladding layer, while the amount of unmelted TiB2 particles decreases. The chemical structure of the cladding layer is mainly presented as TiB2, TiB and α-Ti phases. The maximum hardness of the cladding layer is 725 HV0.2, where it is more than twice the hardness of the substrate. The fretting wear resistance of the cladding layer is better than that of the titanium alloy substrate under low loads (50 N–100 N), while a high load (more than 150 N) triggers a reverse outcome.

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3

Dan, Atasi, Kamanio Chattopadhyay, Harish C. Barshilia, and Bikramjit Basu. "Shifting of the absorption edge in TiB2/TiB(N)/Si3N4 solar selective coating for enhanced photothermal conversion." Solar Energy 173 (October 2018): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.002.

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4

Xu, Xiao Jing, Xin Lan Sheng, Dan Chen, Xi Ling Xin, Kun Tian, and Chun Hang Yu. "Friction/Wear Behaviors of Magnetron Sputtered TiB₂-C Composite Films on Ti6Al4V Alloy Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.979.

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The microstructure and friction/wear properties of TiB2-C (carbon-doped TiB2) films in TiB2-C/SiC double layer films (SiC films as interlayer) deposited on Ti6Al4V alloy substrate using magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature were investigated. The results show that the TiB2-C films exhibited the microstructural characteristics with nano-scale particles (domains), and the doped-carbon presented in manner of sp3 C-C and sp2 C-C bonds i.e. DLC (diamond-like carbon). The interface between the substrate and the SiC films and the interface between the SiC films and the TiB2-C composite films both showed good adhesion, with obvious element diffusions. As sliding against Si3N4 (silicon nitride) balls (2 mm in radius) using ball-on-disc type wear tester at room temperature under Kokubo simulation body fluid (SBF) and 50g load, the TiB2 -C composite films exhibited the friction coefficient of about 0.14 and the specific wear rate of 10.710-6 mm3 m−1 N−1. It is believed that the superior friction properties of the TiB2-C films are due to the role of the doped-carbon.

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5

Xu, Xiao Jing, Dan Chen, Xi Ling Xin, Kun Tian, Chun Hang Yu, and Xin Lan Sheng. "Friction/Wear Properties of Magnetron Sputtered TiB₂-TiN Composite Films on Biomedical Metallic Titanium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 2505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.2505.

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TiB2-TiN composite films/SiC films (SiC films as interlayer) were deposited on biomedical titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) through magnetron sputtering technique. The friction/wear behaviors of the TiB2-TiN composite films under Kokubo simulation body fluid (SBF) were investigated. The results show that as sliding against Si3N4 ball (4 mm in diameter) at 200g load, the TiB2-TiN composite films exhibited the superior friction/wear properties with the friction coefficient of 0.22, the special wear rate in the magnitude order of 10−6 mm3 m−1 N−1together without interface delaminating. It was found that the films exhibited navel adhesion to Ca and P elements in Kokubo SBF. The present results demonstrate the possibility of developing the surface modification procedure of combining superior wear resistance and good osseointegration for application of orthopaedic implants.

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6

Lin, Jun-Shan, and Yoshinari Miyamoto. "One-step sintering of SiGe thermoelectric conversion unit and its electrodes." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 3 (March 2000): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0096.

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Dense p-type and n-type SiGe thermoelectric conversion units were fabricated with a double-layer electrode of W/TiB2 or W/MoSi2 by using glass encapsulation hot-isostatic-pressing process. The TiB2 and MoSi2 layers were used to prevent the chemical reaction between the tungsten and SiGe materials. Si3N4 ceramic particles were added into the electrode materials to reduce the mismatch of the thermal expansion between the electrode and the SiGe. Finite element analysis showed that the addition of 40 vol% Si3N4 into the TiB2 layer and 55 vol% Si3N4 into the MoSi2 layer reduced the thermal residual stress to a much lower value than the strength of individual layer. Sintered units had electrical resistivities of (1.5–2.0) × 10−3 Ω cm in the SiGe zone and 10−4 Ω cm in the electrodes. The comparison of the thermoelectric properties of the SiGe sintered with and without electrodes confirmed that the electrodes did not deteriorate the Seebeck coefficient of the SiGe alloys.

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7

Liu, Hong Wei, Sheng Zhu, and Feng Liang Yin. "SHS Reactive Arc Spray - A New Method to Prepare Multiphase Ceramic Coatings." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.518.

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Ti (C,N)-TiB2-Al2O3 multiphase ceramic coatings were in-situ synthesized on a steel substrate by SHS reactive arc spray technique. The composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized by X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results showed that multiphase ceramic coatings, composed of TiB2, TiB, TiC0.3N0.7, TiN, Al2O3 and AlN, can be prepared with the reactive cored wires by SHS reactive arc spray. The coatings exhibit the typical layer microstructure, with discrete second phases distributed in the continuous base phase. The bonding strength between the coating and substrate is 18.9MPa. The micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings are 4.91GPa and 461.4GPa, respectively. The abrasion resistance is 3 times more than that of the substrate.

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8

Veprek, S., and M. Jilek. "Superhard nanocomposite coatings. From basic science toward industrialization." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274030475.

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A variety of superhard coatings with Vickers plastic hardness exceeding 40 GPa have been reported by several research groups during the last five years (for recent reviews see refs [1,2]). However, one has to distinguish between superhard nanocomposites, such as nc-TiN/a-Si3N4, nc-TiN/a-Si3N4/a- and nc-TiSi2, nc-(Ti1-xAlx)N/a-Si3N4, nc-TiN/TiB2, nc-TiN/BN, etc. where the high hardness originates from the nanostrucutre and, therefore, remains stable upon annealing to high temperatures [1], and coatings, such as CrN/Ni, ZrN/Ni, and others [2] in which the measured high hardness is due to a high compressive stress that is induced in the coatings due to energetic ion bombardment during their deposition (e.g., by magnetron sputtering). We also summarize the recent progress in the industrial applications of the superhard nanocomposite coatings on machining tools.

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9

Ordanyan, S. S., S. V. Vikhman, D. D. Nesmelov, D. P. Danilovich, and I. B. Panteleev. "Nonoxide High-Melting Point Compounds as Materials for Extreme Conditions." Advances in Science and Technology 89 (October 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.89.47.

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Authors have studied the interaction between high-melting compounds from various classes, such as transition-metal carbides, borides, nitrides, and silicides, and covalent-bonded B4C, SiC, Si3N4, AlN etc. (over 160 phase diagrams), ternary B4C-SiC-MedB2, SiC-TiC-TiB2and other eutectics, which is important for optimizing the sintering temperature, material design and prediction of properties of many materials for high temperature applications including wear, aggressive, impact and radiation conditions. A vast identified group of eutectics with number of components n ≥ 2 has reduced eutectic temperature Тeut.(in some sistems reducing reaches 1200 °C). Noted, that increasing of n suppresses grain growth, which is particularly important for developing nanostructured ceramics via pressureless sintering and for controlling the ceramic's performance. Multiphase ceramics (SiC-TiC-TiB2, B4C-SiC-MedB2, B4C-W2B5-MedB2, B4C-LnB6-MedB2, etc.) feature improved mechanical parameters and high wear and impact resistance.

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10

İpek Ayvaz, Safiye. "Enhancing the wear performance of Ti-6Al-4V against Al₂O₃ and WC-6Co via TiB_n layer produced by boriding." Materials Testing 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0238.

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Abstract In this study, mechanical and tribological properties of the borided dual-phase α + β type Ti6Al4V titanium alloy were examined. For this purpose, Ti6Al4V alloy samples were borided for 6 h at a temperature of 1100 °C by the powder-pack boriding process. As a result of boriding, a boride layer consisting of TiB2 with a thickness of max ∼25 µm and TiB phases with a thickness of max ∼10 µm was obtained on the Ti6Al4V sample surfaces. As a result of the boride layer’s nanoindentation tests carried out using the Berkovich indenter, it was found to have an elastic modulus of 534.255 GPa and a hardness of 36.537 GPa. Wear tests were carried out using the pin-on-disc method under a load of 10 N and with a sliding distance of 1000 m. Whereas the dominant type of wear in non-borided samples was abrasive wear, oxidative mild wear was generally observed in borided samples. In borided samples, as a result of becoming of surface smoother by hard asperities breaking and increasing the actual contact area, the friction coefficients increased. It was determined that with boriding, the wear performance of Ti6Al4V alloy improved ∼46.8 times against the Al2O3 counterpart and ∼4.57 times against WC-6Co counterpart.

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11

Miller, P. R., R. H. J. Hannink, and B. C. Muddle. "Quantitative Microanalysis of ZrO2/Non-Oxide Ceramic Composites." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135794.

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Addition of zirconia (ZrO2) to oxide and non-ox1de ceramics improves consolidation behaviour, strength and toughness of fabricated bodies. Such materials are generally referred to as zirconia-toughened ceramics, ZTC. Typical examples of such systems include oxide matrices such as α- and β"-Al2O3, MgO.Al2O3 (spinel), ZrSiO4 (zircon) and ZnO; non-oxide systems include Sic, Si3N4, TiN, TiCN and TiB2. In these materials an Improved toughness is anticipated as a result of the stress-activated tetragonal to monoclinic transformation in the dispersed ZrO2. In an effort to understand the consolidation mechanisms and microstructural features leading to the improved strength and toughness of ZrO2-TiX (X=C,N,B2) based composites, a systematic study has been made of the composition of the component phases using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).The experiments were conducted on two types of samples. Firstly, to establish the kTizr factors for EDXS analysis and to assess the detectability limits of the EELS technique, a series of TiO2-ZrO2 solid-solution standards containing 2.5-13 mole% TiO2 were prepared.

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12

Wang, Xin Yu, Long Xia, Liang Song, Qing Tian Liu, and Guang Wu Wen. "Reaction Hot-Pressed Sintering of Grain-Refined TiB₂-TiC Composites by AlN-SiC Solid Solution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.343.

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Grain-refined TiB2-TiCx composites were designed and fabricated by reaction hot pressing under 30 MPa at 1800 °C choosing 4.8 Ti-B4C material system with Al, C and Si3N4 as additives. The microstructure of the resultant was homogeneously grain-refined TiB2-TiCx matrix reinforced by AlN-SiC solid solution particles that were embedding tiny TiB2-TiCx crystals. The obtained specimen showed relative high flexural strength of 860±30 MPa and fracture toughness of 13.6±0.3 MPa·m1/2, which can be explained by several toughening mechanisms.

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13

DONG, L., G. Q. LIU, Y. D. SUN, M. Y. LIU, and D. J. LI. "EFFECT OF DEPOSITION PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiB2/Si3N4 NANO MULTILAYERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921006396x.

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TiB 2/ Si 3 N 4 nano multilayers have been synthesized under different deposition parameters related to substrate by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). XRD, Nano indenter, profiler, and multi-functional tester for material surface properties were used to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the multilayers. The results indicated a well-defined composition modulation and layer structure of the multilayers. To the multilayers with constant modulation ratio of 15.4:1 and modulation period of 11.8 nm, the multilayer deposited on Al 2 O 3(111) substrate with 38 nm-thick Ti buffer layer at deposition temperature of 225°C revealed the highest hardness (37.4 GPa) and elastic modulus. This hardest multilayer also showed the improved residual stress, friction coefficient, and fracture resistance.

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14

Liu, Yue, Chuan Zhen Huang, Han Lian Liu, Bin Zou, and Qiang Shi. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)-TiB₂-WC Composite Ceramic Tool Materials." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.673.

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Ti (C,N)-TiB2-WC composite ceramic tool materials with sintering aids such as Ni and Mo were fabricated at a temperature of 1550 °C for 1h sintering duration time in vacuum by a hot-press technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The composite ceramic tool materials were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The main phases were composed of Ti (C, N), TiB2, WC and MoC, which indicated that no severe chemical reactions occurred in the composite. The flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness of Ti (C,N)- 20 wt.%TiB2-WC ceramic material were 795.7 MPa, 6.4 MPa·m1/2 and 19.2 GPa respectively.

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15

Lee, Tae Woo, Chan Soo Shin, and Kae Myung Kang. "Microstructural Study on the Wear Behavior of Cu-TiB₂ Composites for Electrical Contact Materials." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.255.

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We have studied on the wear behavior of Cu-TiB2 composites, produced by thermal extraction, as a function of dispersed particle sizes and volume fractions of TiB2. The depth of subsurface zone was increased with applied loads from 25 μm with 20 N to 25 μm with 80 N. From the analyses results of the formation of wear debris generated by cracks between work hardened layer and matrix, wear mechanism is changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear with increasing loads from 20 N to 80 N. The formation of sub-grains in the region of subsurface was clearly observed from the sample tested over 60 N loads. We attribute the formation of sub-grains to the plastic lubricant effect of TiB2 which gives arising from the contact stress and local heat generated during wear test.

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16

Yang, Fang, Zhi Meng Guo, Jun Jie Hao, and Yong Liang Shi. "Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of TiB₂-Ti(C, N) Cermets Composite Powder." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1247.

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The ultra-fine TiB2-Ti(C, N) composite powders were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with Ti, BN and C powders as its starting materials. The morphology of the products was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed the composite powders were consisted of the mainly phases Ti(C, N), TiB2 and a small amount of TiN phase. With the Ni addition, the brittle phase Ni3B was appeared. SEM results revealed that the composite powders had a uniform particle size, a round grain-shaped structure and a narrow size distribution and the average particle size of which is less than 1μm.

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17

Liu, Jun Hu, Bart Blanpain, and Patrick Wollants. "A XPS Study of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed TiB₂ Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1347.

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TiB2 coatings were plasma sprayed in air and were studied by XPS. There are five elements in the top surface of the studied coatings, namely, B, C, N, O and Ti. Oxygen pick-up in the coatings results in formation of oxides of boron and titanium. Nitrogen was shown to exist in N-Ti and O-N-Ti in the coating. Depending on the spraying parameters, mono-boride as well as di-boride was also detected in the studied coatings. With careful peak fitting it was shown that oxygen may exist in the coating as dissolved atomic O in addition to as lattice oxygen in the oxide of boron and titanium.

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18

Shen, Yao Gen, Z. J. Liu, Y. H. Lu, Chun Sheng Lu, and Yiu Wing Mai. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Microstructure and Grain Growth in nc-Ti(N, B)/a-(TiB₂, BN) Nanocomposite Films." Key Engineering Materials 312 (June 2006): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.357.

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A combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to establish that Ti-B-N films with different boron concentrations prepared by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering exhibit a two-phase nanocomposite microstructure, showing nanocrystalline Ti(N, B) grains embedded in amorphous (TiB2, BN) matrices. Using Monte Carlo simulations and based on a simple model employing a kinetic grain growth theory, we also investigate the effects of the amorphous TiB2-BN phase on the microstructure evolution and grain growth in nanocrystalline-Ti(N, B). Our study demonstrates that the formation of such an amorphous phase at the grain boundary could hinder the growth of Ti(N, B) grains and the mean grain size shows an exponential decay with boron concentration, in good agreement with our experimental observations.

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19

Wang, Jian Jiang, Hong Wei Liu, Wen Bin Hu, J. H. Wen, and H. F. Lou. "Structure and Performance of Self-Reactive Spray Formed Ti(C,N)-TiB₂ Multi-Phased Ceramic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.33.

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Based on the Ti-B4C-sucrose(precursor of carbon) -5wt.% Al sprayed system, the self-reactive spray formed multi-phased structural ceramic preforms tests were done. And the organization, structure and performances of the products were studied. The results show that the products are composed of continuous matrix phase TiC0.3N0.7, dispersed micro/nanometric rodlike grains TiB2, some of Al2O3, pores and intermetallic phase Ti3Al which is hard to identify by SEM. Aluminum is benefit to improve organization, structure and performances of the products. The average density of the products is 97.7%, the Vickers hardness is 20.6GPa, and the flexural strength is 425MPa. There are crack deflection and grain bridging toughening mechanisms owing to the rodlike grains of TiB2 in the products, which makes their fracture toughness is as high as 7.3MPa•m1/2.

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20

Liu, Hong Wei, Jian Jiang Wang, Xiao Feng Sun, and Ji Qiu. "Influence of Cooling Rate on Microstructure of Self-Reactive Spray Formed Ti(C,N)-TiB₂ Composite Ceramic Preforms." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.348.

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With graphite, 45 steel and copper as substrates respectively, Ti(C,N)-TiB2 composite ceramic preforms with micro/nanometric grains were prepared by self-reactive sprayed forming technology. The cooling rate of spray particles deposited on different substrates was calculated by finite element method. The influence of cooling rate on morphology of micro/nanometric grains of Ti(C,N)-TiB2 composite ceramic preforms was studied by means of SEM, XRD and EDS. The results showed that the average cooling rates of particles deposited on the three kinds of substrates were 7.0×107°C/s, 8.1×107°C/s and 10.7×107°C/s respectively. The extremely quick cooling rate was the essential reason why the spray formed preforms were composed of micro/nanometric grains. The TiC0.3N0.7 grains in preforms deposited on three kinds of substrates all took on anomalous equiaxed grains. Quicker the cooling rates of the deposited particles were, smaller the grains were. The grain size of them was all less than 3μm. Whereas the influence of cooling rate on the morphology of the TiB2 grains was great. When with graphite as substrate, TiB2 took on rod-like grains with big length to diameter ratio. When with 45 steel as substrate, it took on near equiaxed grains. And when with copper as substrate, it took on lamina grains with thickness of about 100nm due to the extremely quick cooling rate and the extremely large degree of supercooling. That’s because with the change of the cooling rates, the remaining time of the liquid phases is different, so as to the growing time of the grains along the habit plane is also very different.

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Zhao, Yan, Chuan Zhen Huang, Bin Zou, Yu Huan Fei, Han Lian Liu, Hong Tao Zhu, and Jun Wang. "The Effects of Sintering Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB₂-Ti(C_0.5N_0.5)-WC Composite Tool Materials." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.640.

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TiB2-Ti (C0.5N0.5)-WC composite tool materials were fabricated by the hot-pressing technique. The effects of sintering process on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2 -Ti (C0.5N0.5) -WC composite tool materials were studied. The flexural strength was measured by three point bending test, and Vickers hardness and the fracture toughness were measured on polished surfaces by Vickers indentation. The microstructure of TiB2-Ti (C0.5N0.5)-WC composite ceramic was analyzed by XRD and SEM observations. The results show that the mechanical properties can be improved in a proper heating mode. When the direct heating-up mode was conducted, the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness reached 854MPa, 7.2MPa·m1/2 and 19.7GPa, respectively.

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22

SHOBU, Kazuhisa, and Tadahiko WATANABE. "Sintering and Oxidation of Ti(C, N)-TiB2-MoSi2 Composites." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 95, no. 1106 (1987): 991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.95.1106_991.

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23

Kumar, Sujeet, and Anil Kumar Das. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of TiB₂-TiO₂ ceramic composite coating on AISI 1020 mild steel by TIG cladding." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 015034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac5ae7.

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Abstract The main objective of the present work was to enhance the mechanical properties of AISI 1020 steel by depositing the TiB2-TiO2 composite coating on it with the help of the tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding process. The semi-solid mixture of 50 wt% of TiB2 and 50 wt% of TiO2 was preplaced on AISI 1020 steel and a TIG torch was used as heat source to melt the preplaced layer as well as substrate layer to produce the new coating layer. Characteristics of the cladded layer were examined using Vickers microhardness tester, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The TIG currents have shown a significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coated layer. Metallography result also shows that the input current of the TIG cladding has considerable effect on the microstructure and quality of the coating. Microstructural changes in the clad layer were studied in detail. The Vickers micro-hardness value of the coated layer increases with decrease in input current and maximum microhardness was achieved about 568 HV0.05 which was about 3.5 times higher than that of the substrate (157 HV0.05). The dry sliding abrasive wear test was performed against EN31 hardened alloy steel as counter body by pin-on-disc tribometer with sliding distance of 1036 meters. The coating produced at lower TIG current (110 A) exhibits minimum average wear rate 1.46 × 10−6 g N−1m−1 while coating processed at higher TIG current (155 A) exhibits higher average wear rate 2.18 × 10−6 g N−1m−1. It was also concluded that the wear rate of the TiB2-TiO2 coating decreases with decreasing processing current and minimum wear rate (1.46 × 10−6 g N−1m−1) obtained up to 2.5 times lower as compare to wear of AISI 1020 mild steel substrate (3.65 × 10−6 g N−1m−1) which makes the TiB2-TiO2 coating suitable for application as wear resistance components. The average coefficient of friction also decreases with increasing TIG current and found maximum (0.76) and minimum (0.58) for the coating deposited at 110 A and 155 A current, respectively.

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Liu, Yue, Chuan Zhen Huang, Han Lian Liu, Bin Zou, Peng Yao, and Liang Xu. "Effect of Nano-Additives on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)-TiB₂-WC Composite Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.337.

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Ti(C,N)-TiB2-WC composite ceramic cutting tool materials with nano-scale additives Ni and Mo, and micro-scale additives Ni and Mo as sintering aids were sintered respectively at a temperature of 1550 °C for holding time of 1hour in vacuum by a hot-press technique. The effects of nano-scale additives Ni and Mo, and micro-scale additives Ni and Mo on microstructure and mechanical properties of composites were compared and investigated. It is concluded that the wettability of nano-scale Ni and Mo to the composites is better than that of micro-scale Ni and Mo. The nano-scale whiskers were found in the composite ceramic tool materials with nano-scale additives. The addition of nano-scale Ni and Mo instead of micro-scale Ni and Mo could make the ﬂexural strength and fracture toughness of Ti(C, N)-TiB2 –WC composites have a promotion, but could not make the hardness of the composites increase in this study.

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25

Liu, Hong Wei. "Influence of Powder Preparation Technology on In Situ Reactive Synthesized Ti (C,N)-TiB₂ Composite Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.334.

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Mechanical adhesion method and precursor method were used to prepare Ti-B4C-C and Ti-B4C-Sucrose composite powders respectively with Ti, B4C, graphite and sucrose (precursor of C) as raw materials. Ti (C,N)-TiB2 composite ceramic preforms were prepared with the two kinds of powders by self-reactive spray forming technology. The compositions and microstructure were analyzed and observed by means of XRD and SEM. The porosity and fracture toughness of the preforms were tested. Then the influence of powder preparation technology on the microstructure and properties of the preforms were contrastively analyzed. It was shown that compared with Ti-B4C-C composite powders, Ti-B4C-Sucrose composite powders had lower interior adhesive strength, but the different composition among them mixed more uniformly and contacted tighter, which made the SHS reaction of them during the spray forming process take place more sufficiently. The two kinds of preforms were both composed of Ti (C,N)-TiB2 main phases, titanium oxide by-product phases and some pores. Whereas there were less kinds and content of by-product phases in the preforms prepared with Ti-B4C-Sucrose powders, and the materials were uniform and dense, with higher fracture toughness. The general properties of the preforms were obviously better than that of the preforms prepared with Ti-B4C-C composite powders.

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26

Chenrayan, Venkatesh, V. Vaishnav, Kiran Shahapurkar, Vineet Tirth, Ibrahim M. Alarifi, Chandru Manivannan, and Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar. "A comprehensive analysis to assess the impact of nano MoS₂ on the wear characteristic of Al-TiB₂-Gr composite." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 016525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac4c18.

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Abstract The present study evaluates the influence of nano MoS2 particles on the wear properties of newly developed TiB2 and Graphite reinforced Aluminium composite. Micro particles of MoS2 are downsized into nano levels using a planetary ball mill. Three different compositions of specimens are fabricated through stir casting, with a constant 10% of weight of TiB2, graphite, and nano MoS2 is kept at varying amounts of 10, 15, and 20%. The dry sliding wear tests are executed by following Taguchi’s design of experiment. The wear rate and coefficient of friction are considered as responses, whereas the normal load, sliding distance and the composition of MoS2 are considered as the chief parameters with three levels. The hybridized Taguchi-Grey Relational -Principal Component Analysis mathematical model is implemented to study the effect of wear parameters and inclusion of MoS2 on the wear behavior. Mathematical and experimental results explore the increasing nano MoS2 content reduces the wear rate and coefficient of friction of composites. Analysis of variance results also acknowledge that nano MoS2 content in the composite is a remarkable parameter to impact the tribological property. The hybrid statistical model results explore that the optimum parameter to yield better tribological property are 30 N normal load, 2 km sliding distance and 20% of MoS2. Worn surfaces are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to picturize the wear mechanism concerning the varying content of reinforcement.

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27

Wang, Ming Liang, Zhe Chen, Dong Chen, Yi Wu, Xian Feng Li, Nai Heng Ma, and Hao Wei Wang. "The Constitutive Model and Processing Map for In Situ 5wt% TiB₂ Reinforced 7050 Al Alloy Matrix Composite." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.11.

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This study investigated the constitutive flow behavior and hot workability of in-situ 5wt% TiB2 reinforced 7050 Al alloy matrix composite by hot compression experiments. Based on the experimental results of flow curves, a constitutive model describing the relationship of the flow stress, true strain, strain rate and temperature is proposed. Substantially, it is found the constitutive equation of flow stress is dependent on the strain, strain rate and temperature. The coefficients (E.g., α, n, Q and lnA) in the equation are functions of true strains. The results of the calculated values from constitutive equation are verified to well agree with the experimental values. Furthermore, the processing map of the composite is created in order to determine the hot processing domains. The optimum zones for hot workability and instability regions are identified. In instability domain, the microstructures display the main failure modes as the particle cracking and interface debonding.

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Liu, Caiyan, and Zhengping Mao. "Research on the Microstructure of Laser Remelted As-sprayed TiB₂-TiC_0.3N_0.7 based Composite Coating." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2459, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2459/1/012025.

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Abstract Ceramic coatings with excellent properties of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, stability in acid and alkaline environments, and good bond strength with a metallic substrate, are widely used in different industries. Air plasma spraying has high energy and efficiency for depositing ceramic materials with a high melting point. Due to intrinsic porosity and mechanical bond strength between coating and substrate, laser remelting technology can be applied to the coating surface for improving coating properties. As-sprayed TiB2-TiC0.3N0.7-based composite coating was surface remelted by laser. The surface roughness of as-sprayed and laser-remelted coatings was measured. The phase composition and the microstructure as well as the Vickers microhardness of coatings were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vickers indentation instrument. It is found that the phase composition does not change after laser remelting. However, the surface roughness of laser-remelted coating is smoother than that of as-sprayed coating. And the microhardness on the cross-section is increased after laser remelting. There is a micro-crack in the laser-remelted coating due to the fast heating and cooling of the laser. The microhardness of the laser-remelted coating is increased with bimodal Weibull distribution.

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Kumar, Ravi, and Anil Kumar Das. "Tribological Behavior of TiB2 Ceramic Based Composite Coating deposited on Stainless Steel AISI 304 by Gas Tungsten arc (GTA) Cladding Process." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, July 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac8365.

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Abstract In this study, Titanium (Ti)-Titanium diboride (TiB2) metal matrix composite (MMC) cladding layers were fabricated on an AISI 304 stainless steel substrate by the gas tungsten arc (GTA) cladding process. The composite cladding layer was produced using different powder mixtures: 85wt.% TiB2-15wt.% Ti, 75wt.% TiB2-25wt.% Ti, and 65wt.% TiB2 -35wt.% Ti. During cladding, the GTA process currents were used in the range of 70A to 90 A with 10A interval differences and the scan speed in the range of 1.1 mm/sec to 1.9 mm/sec with 0.4 mm/sec interval differences. All samples were investigated for mechanical properties, microstructure, and phase analysis by Vickers microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) findings indicate that the composite coatings consist of TiB2, TiB, Ti, Fe3C, B4C, and NiTi phases. The presence of elements B, C, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in the coating was confirmed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The maximum microhardness value of the composite coating was enhanced in the range of 1639 HV0.1 to 3781 HV0.1, whereas the microhardness of the AISI 304 stainless steel substrate was 194 HV0.1. The average wear rate of the coated samples was determined in the range of 11.09×10-9 g/N-m to 27.63×10-9 g/N-m, whereas the average wear rate of the AISI 304 steel substrate was 88.414×10-9 g/N-m. It can be concluded that the maximum micro-hardness of the composite coating increased by 9-19 times than that of the nominal substrate (AISI 304 stainless steel). Also, the wear resistance of the composite coating enhanced by 8 times as compared to AISI 304 steel substrate. It is demonstrated in this study that the processing current, TiB2 content, and scanning speed have significant effect on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological features of the cladding layers .

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