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Дисертації з теми "Thons – Pêche commerciale – Maldives"
Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. "La pêche au thon à la canne sous dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) aux Maldives : vers une gestion fondée sur la science grâce aux connaissances scientifiques et des pêcheurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MONTG008.
Повний текст джерелаMaldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time
Jauharee, Ahmed Riyaz. "The tuna pole and line FAD (fish aggregating device) fishery of the Maldives : towards science-based management through fishers and scientific knowledge." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG008.
Повний текст джерелаMaldivians have sustainably been exploiting tuna using hook and line in the Indian Ocean for over a millennium, with 20% of the total Indian Ocean tuna catches currently landed in the Maldives. After four decades using on average 55 anchored fish aggregating devices (AFADs) spread over the entire archipelago, this thesis aims to improve our knowledge on the fishery ecology of tuna within the Maldivian AFAD array in order to better understand the drivers of the sustainability of the fishery for the coming years. The ecology of tuna around these AFADs was studied by collecting local ecological knowledge from 54 pole and line fishers and by acoustically tagging 65 skipjack and 57 yellowfin tuna within an instrumented 21-AFAD array. Most fishers consider that slight currents, suitable sea temperature, prey and attractants enhance the aggregations while strong currents, high sea temperatures and stormy conditions make tuna leave AFADs. They also consider that tuna tend to stay associated with AFADs 3 to 6 days, which is comparable to results from acoustic tagging (from 2 to 5.5 days on average). Acoustic tagging showed that tuna do not have a specific preference in the direction of movement, and very few fish moved from one FAD to another. Therefore, the 55 AFADs in the Maldives do not act like a network but appear to be relatively independent. The Maldives FAD network can be considered as a case study to examine the pros and cons of sparse FAD networks as supports for fisheries, while minimizing potential negative impacts. More research on the ecological, social and economic aspects of the pole and line fishery must be conducted to support the Maldives in their science-based management.Keywords: Anchored Fish Aggregating Device, Tropical tunas, Pole and Line, Maldives, Local Ecological Knowledge, Residence Time
Charneau, Dominique. "La dynamique de la filière française du thon depuis 1945 : internationalisation et compétitivité." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D036.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of the french tuna industry since 1945 is analysed. The tuna industry's dynamic is characterized by two movements: internationalization and competitiveness, the result of this internationalization. The internationalization process, which began with the tropical fisheries exploitation, is first described for each segment of market involvement (harvesting, transshipment, processing, distribution and trading). His role in the activities' growth is examined and a preliminary analysis of the causes is set out. In a second part, the internationalization process is analysed as a necessary expediency to the competitive adaptation of this industry. The recent developments of international economics and of industrial economics are applied. The role of nation states in research into competitiveness and in the internationalization process is explained. Finally, the question of global integration of the tuna industry as well as the middle term stakes for the french tuna industry in this integration is discussed
Marsac, Francis. "Etude des relations entre l'hydroclimat et la pêche thonière hauturière tropicale dans l'océan Indien occidental." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2027.
Повний текст джерелаDelaire, Étienne. "Le rôle structurant du froid dans le milieu de la pêche en France 1850-1960." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2059.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes the cold structuring role in fisheries, primarily in France, for the period between 1900 to 1960 and leads us to study the chain of the processing industries of the fishes products, in all aspects. In all the activities of fishing, catching, transformation and marketing, the product conservation and/or transformation and their properties maintenance like food or as raw material for industry are of primary importance. The fishery products must thus receive the same attentions and precautions as of their capture that if they were intended to be consumed as fresh. The fishing industry uses throughout the studied period the cold to develop the study course, making it possible to reduce the losses after capture and the energy consumption by privileging the catching function compared to the transporting function, imposed by the distance of fishing places in the halieutic system. In the second part, the study of a particular technical course , the tuna fisheries, will show how the cold, by its capacity to abolish the distances concerning the conservation of the catches, was structuring. The specific techniques used in these types of transformation is related within food technology domain, and we will study which incidences had, for fisheries, the industrial cold development in the networks of production, storage, transformation and distribution of fish
Torres, Edgar. "Effects of the fishing strategies developed by purse seine fleets on tropical tunas and on associated fauna in the eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20029/document.
Повний текст джерелаTuna and tuna-like fisheries represent 7.9% of the global production of marine capture fisheries. Most tuna stocks are fully exploited and some overexploited, facing growing fishing pressures. Due to the extent of fishing grounds, stock assessments depend largely in commercial data, which vary over time because fishermen may invest in fishing technology, expand offshore, or start fishing in different areas. However, little attention has received the responses of fishermen facing management regulations or the effects resulting from technological investment. For these reasons the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fishing strategies developed by purse seine fleets on tropical tunas and on associated fauna in the eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. The continuous introduction of new fishing technology in the French fleet in the 1980s and the 1990s evidenced a direct increase in fishing power when large yellowfin in free-swimming school is targeted and likely an indirect effect by modifying the fishing grounds characterizing FAD-fishing on small size categories. The consequences of the two time-area closures on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the European Union fleet were investigated. The regulation on FADs resulted in a decrease in the days with catch and successful squares inside the restricted area, reallocating FAD-fishing outside the area while no change in free-swimming school fishing was observed. The no-take time-area increased all fishing activities outside the restricted area with apparently no gain in terms of protection of juveniles. In the eastern Pacific as a response to a closed season the Mexican fleet reduced days in port and consequently the number of sets on dolphin-associated schools increased, maintaining the catch levels observed before the regulation. The study of the effects of the EU fleet fishing strategies on bycatch over two time periods showed that the species composition of sharks caught on FADs and may be for rays caught on free-swimming schools changed over time. We also estimated the total number of species that can be potentially be caught by fishing mode
Roa, Pascuali Carmen Liliana. "Mesoscale structure and dynamics of the tropical tuna's associated-environment in the Indian and the Eastern Pacific Oceans : comparative approach." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS030.
Повний текст джерелаThis study provides an approach to the comprehension of the mesoscale structure in the habitat patterns of three major tropical tunas species, yellowfin (Thunnus albacares; YFT), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis; SKJ) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus: BET). These species, mainly caught by the purse seiner's fishery worldwide, represent 20% and 13% of the world total production for the Indian and the Eastern Pacific oceans respectively. Single set records from this fishing gear in both, the Indian and in the Eastern Pacific oceans, were used to separately evaluate the environmental characteristics of their fishing grounds for three fishing modes: free school (FS), log (LOG) and fish aggregated devices (FADs) and several individual sizes. Prior to the analyses, a statistical expert-based method was applied to detect and classify thermal fronts at basin scale whereas the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies are detected, based on the winding angle method. The distances of the catch positions from these structures were then calculated. We found that strong fronts are mostly found in coastal regions and weak fronts in the open ocean. This allows the consideration of the frontal intensity helps to spatially differentiate mechanisms of frontogenesis than may attract tunas. In addition to these mesoscale components, classic, temporal and fishery-related variables were added to describe the fishing environment. We used the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) method to create a three step modeling scheme for each study area in order to explore the responses of the catch level and size for the different fishing modes, also considering the effect of randomly distributed catch positions, in order to separately estimate the mesoscale effects. The relative dominance of each species is also explored and globally shows similar results than for the catch level. All BRT models show that the catch level was better explained by the environment for free school (FS) than for FADs fishing modes and that the differences in distribution were more important among fish-sizes than among species. We quantify for the first time the strong influence of the mesoscale in determining tuna's habitat, confirmed by the poor explanation obtained in all random models, mainly for the IO. For both oceans, small individual were strongly related with the proximity to mesoscale eddies (<200 km) whereas the larger individuals area found at larger distances. A low influence of mesoscale fronts was found mainly for the Indian ocean whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the EPO, except in the coastal regions where strong fronts become important. Different environmental conditions were observed in well defined sub-regions as the coastal upwelling, the equatorial tongue, and the Costa Rica Dome. Contrarily to the Indian ocean were the fishing grounds are relatively homogeneous in term of Sea Surface Temperature and chlorophyll concentration, these two parameters highly influence the tuna distribution in the EPO. In the Indian Ocean, the total percentages of relative contribution by category of variables for all models were 34% for the mesoscale, 39% for the classical variables and 27% for others (temporal and fisheries related). For the Eastern Pacific, even if mesoscale remains important (37%), the most relevant ones were the classical variables with 55% of the total relative contribution (8% for others). Key word: Tropical tunas, Indian Ocean, Eastern Pacific Ocean, mesoscale, purse seiner, species, fish-size, fishing mode
Amandè, Monin Justin. "Captures accessoires et rejets des thoniers senneurs tropicaux : eEstimation, caractéristiques et gestion." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20018/document.
Повний текст джерелаBycatch and discards has always been inherent in fishing but it is only recently, with the growing interest in ecosystem approach to fisheries, that particular attention is paid to these topics both in research and fisheries management.The work presented in this thesis focuses on the estimation, characterization and management of bycatch and discards in the European tropical tuna purse seine fishery of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The thesis is based on logbook data andon data collected by observers on board the French and Spanish fishing vessels in the framework of the European data collection programme DCF (Data Collection Framework). Bycatch and discards of Atlantic and Indian Oceans are estimated from statistical methods of various level of complexity according to the questions : global versus local estimations and/or by fishing mode. An analysis of precision and bias in bycatch estimates and a comparative analysis of methods for estimating bycatch are presented. The characteristics of bycatch and discards are also detailed. This thesis proposes a complete overview of issues related to bycatch and discards of the European tropical tuna purse seine fishery. It also makes suggestions to improve the quality of estimates, to reduce bycatch and to valorize the discards
Maufroy, Alexandra. "Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans : modalities of use, fishing efficiency and potential management." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT150/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the mid 1990s, the use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by purse seiners, artificial objects specifically designed to aggregate fish, has become an important mean of catching tropical tunas. In recent years, the massive deployments of dFADs, as well as the massive use of tracking devices on dFADs and natural floating objects, such as GPS buoys, have raised serious concerns for tropical tuna stocks, bycatch species and pelagic ecosystem functioning. Despite these concerns, relatively little is known about the modalities of GPS buoy tracked objects use, making it difficult to assess and manage of the impacts of this fishing practice. To fill these knowledge gaps, we have analyzed GPS buoy tracks provided by the three French fishing companies operating in the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, representing a large proportion of the floating objects monitored by the French fleet. These data were combined with multiple sources of information: logbook data, Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) tracks of French purse seiners, information on support vessels and Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of purse seine skippers to describe GPS buoy deployment strategies, estimate the total number of GPS buoy equipped dFADs used in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, measure the contribution of strategies with FOBs and support vessels to the fishing efficiency of tropical tuna purse seiners, identify potential damages caused by lost dFADs and finally to propose management options for tropical tuna purse seine FOB fisheries. Results indicate clear seasonal patterns of GPS buoy deployment in the two oceans, a rapid expansion in the use of dFADs over the last 7 years with an increase of 4.2 times in the Indian Ocean and 7.0 times in the Atlantic Ocean, possible damages to fragile coastal ecosystems with 10% of GPS buoy tracks ending with a beaching event and an increased efficiency of tropical tuna purse seine fleets from 3.9% to 18.8% in the Atlantic Ocean over 2003-2014 and from 10.7% to 26.3% in the Indian Ocean. Interviews with purse seine skippers underlined the need for a more efficient management of the fishery, including the implementation of catch quotas, a limitation of the capacity of purse seine fleets and a regulation of the use of support vessels. These results represent a first step towards better assessment and management of purse seine FOB fisheries
Robert, Marianne. "Le comportement des thons tropicaux autour des objets flottants : de l’étude des comportements individuels et collectifs à l’étude du piège écologique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20118/document.
Повний текст джерелаResearch in fisheries science aims at investigating the functioning of fish population with the objective of using this knowledge to propose sustainable management measures. This PhD thesis relies on a collection of experiments and modelling designed to further our knowledge on the aggregative behaviour of large pelagic fish with floating structures at the surface of the ocean. The overall objective is to test whether the thousands of man-made floating structures deployed by fishermen (also referred as Fish Aggregating Device –FAD) act as ecological traps for tropical tunas. To archive this main objective, it was first necessary to characterize the individual behaviour of tuna in a network of FAD. In the first chapter, the analysis of 96 acoustically tagged yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) between 30-96 cm FL in the array of anchored FADs around Oahu (Hawaii, US) shows that individuals tuna exhibited behavioural plasticity while in the array and that behaviour around FAD is size dependent. In order to assess the impact of the increasing density of FAD, the major habitat modification, it is essential to understand the factors that influence the residence time at FADs. In the second chapter, binary choice experiments suggest that the aggregated biomass under the FAD play a role in the aggregative process. Nonetheless, quantification of arrival and departure dynamics of fish to FAD are required to validate the assumptions we proposed on the underlying social mechanism. Such model would, then, allow testing the effect of FAD density and environmental conditions on individual residence time and spatial distribution of population. In the third chapter, the comparison of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) condition between individual associated with logs and in free swimming schools in the Mozambique Channel, an area known to be naturally enriched with logs with few FADs, highlights the need for estimating reference points prior to assessing the impacts of anthropogenic modifications to habitats on animals.Combining the different chapters, our results tend to favour a social rather than a trophic role of floating objects in the ecology of tunas. More generally, we discuss what novel insight our results bring up on the ecological trap hypothesis. Tropical tunas represent an interesting model species on which we focused. However, the theoretical framework of the questions we addressed, the observation and analytical tools we developed are generic enough to be applied to the others species that are encountered around floating structures. In a broader extent, this work meets the general topic of studying behavioural strategies and distribution of population in multi-patch environment
Книги з теми "Thons – Pêche commerciale – Maldives"
Colloque, Caraïbe-Martinique (1999 Trois-Ilets Martinique). Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons: Colloque Caraïbe-Martinique, Trois-Ilets, 15-19 octobre 1999. Plouzané (France): Editions Ifremer, 2000.
Знайти повний текст джерелаOptions for the Management of Tuna Fisheries in the Indian Oean (FAO Fisheries Technical Papers). Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1991.
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