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Статті в журналах з теми "Thick jet"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Nishikawa, Chihiro, Naohide Mizukuchi, Akihiko Tomie, Keita Shimada, Masayoshi Mizutani, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Characteristics of Thick Film Deposition in Powder Jet Machining." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 6 (November 5, 2013): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0630.

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Powder jet machining can be used for both material removal (abrasive jet machining) and material deposition processes (powder jet deposition) by changing the powder spray conditions. The transition from the removal to the deposition is investigated. The transition between these two phenomena, removal and deposition, is studied through simulating the impact phenomena of two alumina particles with a glass substrate using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method in this study. Crystalline structures of an alumina film created were observed with a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Observation indicates that a thick multicrystalline film is created when the blasted particles are monocrystalline alumina. It is also concluded that fractures within the particle material are necessary for the deposition process, and that fragments less than 100 nm in size contribute to the deposition of the thick films.

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2

Bauman, C., S. Pemberton, and P. F. Peterson. "Single-jet experiments for HIF thick-liquid chambers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 464, no. 1-3 (May 2001): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00075-4.

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3

Cheng, Xiao Min, Lin Zhou, Liang Wang, and Gen Zhou. "The Experiment Study of Water Jet Incremental Sheet Metal Forming." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.1010.

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For the manufacture of panel parts, incremental sheet metal forming is significant in reality. This study put forward a method of incremental sheet metal forming: High-handed water jet with constant pressure and speed that caused by high pressure system acts on sheet metal and makes it out of shape, following transmutation superposition the requisite parts can be made. Based on this theory, a system of incremental sheet metal forming by using water jet is designed. At the same time, a forming experiment device is developed which is used to test the influence of water jet pressure, sheet metal thick, target distance to forming result. Finally, the optimized technological parameters of forming will be obtained. Within the work range, the higher pressure of water jet is, the more obvious forming result will be, and a great target distance will make forming result worse, besides sheet metal thick can make a difference of it. If sheet metal thick is invariable, there is interaction among pressure, target distance and feed velocity, so they influence forming result together.

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4

Castangia, P., G. Surcis, A. Tarchi, A. Caccianiga, P. Severgnini, and R. Della Ceca. "Water masers in Compton-thick AGN." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (August 29, 2019): A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935421.

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Aims. Investigations of H2O maser galaxies at X-ray energies reveal that most active galactic nuclei (AGN) associated with water masers are characterized by high levels of absorption. With the aim of finding new maser sources for possible interferometric follow-ups, we have searched for water maser emission in a well-defined sample of heavily absorbed AGN (NH > 1023 cm−2), including Compton-thick (CT) sources. Methods. Previous surveys already searched for 22 GHz water maser emission in all the galaxies in this sample. With the goal of providing a detection or a stringent upper limit on the H2O luminosity, we reobserved some of the non-detected sources with the Green Bank Telescope. A new luminous H2O maser (LH2O ∼ 200 L⊙) was detected in the mid-IR-bright Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS 15480−0344 and then followed-up with the Very Long Baseline Array. In order to shed light on the origin of the maser (jet, outflow, or disk), we recently observed the radio continuum emission in IRAS 15480-0344 with the European VLBI network (EVN) at 1.7 and 5.0 GHz. Results. With the newly discovered megamaser in IRAS 15480−0344 revealing a narrow (∼0.6 km s−1) and a broad (∼90 km s−1) component, the maser detection rate of the CT AGN sample is 50% (18/36), which is one of the highest ever found in maser surveys. The EVN maps show two bright sources (labeled SW and NE) in the nuclear region of IRAS 15480−0344, which we interpret as jet knots tracing regions where the radio plasma impacts dense molecular clouds. The narrow maser feature is approximately at the center of the imaginary line connecting the two continuum sources, likely pinpointing the core, and might be associated with the accretion disk or a nuclear outflow. The location of the broad maser feature, instead, coincides with source NE, suggesting that the maser emission might be produced by a jet-cloud interaction, as it was proposed for NGC 1068 and Mrk 348.

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5

Ezhova, Ekaterina, Claudia Cenedese, and Luca Brandt. "Interaction between a Vertical Turbulent Jet and a Thermocline." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 11 (November 2016): 3415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0035.1.

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AbstractThe behavior of an axisymmetric vertical turbulent jet in an unconfined stratified environment is studied by means of well-resolved, large-eddy simulations. The stratification is two uniform layers separated by a thermocline. This study considers two cases: when the thermocline thickness is small and on the order of the jet diameter at the thermocline entrance. The Froude number of the jet at the thermocline varies from 0.6 to 1.9, corresponding to the class of weak fountains. The mean jet penetration, stratified turbulent entrainment, jet oscillations, and the generation of internal waves are examined. The mean jet penetration is predicted well by a simple model based on the conservation of the source energy in the thermocline. The entrainment coefficient for the thin thermocline is consistent with the theoretical model for a two-layer stratification with a sharp interface, while for the thick thermocline entrainment is larger at low Froude numbers. The data reveal the presence of a secondary horizontal flow in the upper part of the thick thermocline, resulting in the entrainment of fluid from the thermocline rather than from the upper stratification layer. The spectra of the jet oscillations in the thermocline display two peaks, at the same frequencies for both stratifications at fixed Froude number. For the thick thermocline, internal waves are generated only at the lower frequency, since the higher peak exceeds the maximal buoyancy frequency. For the thin thermocline, conversely, the spectra of the internal waves show the two peaks at low Froude numbers, whereas only one peak at the lower frequency is observed at higher Froude numbers.

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6

Kornilov, Vladimir, and Andrey Boiko. "Simulation of Thick Turbulent Boundary Layer Via Jet Array." Siberian Journal of Physics 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-1-78-91.

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Experimental studies directed to qualify the potential of simulation of an equilibrium (by Klauser) thick incompressible turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate of limited length with the help of an array of jets were carried out. It is shown that in the range of flow parameters and the mass flow rates of blowing under consideration the air jets through some rows of the holes with different diameter increase substantially the thickness of turbulent boundary layer within a comparatively small distance of the blowing region. In most cases studied, the mean and fluctuating characteristics of the boundary layer reach values specific for naturally developed turbulent boundary layer at downstream distances of about 22 thickness of regular boundary layer. Mean velocity profiles in the logarithmic part of the artificially thickened boundary layer are described by the law-of-the-wall variables with a good accuracy and generalized by a single dependence with the help of empiric velocity scale for the outer region. Disturbance characteristics of the flow are also close to those in the canonic boundary layer. However, as the blowing intensity grows, a systematic deviation of the disturbance streamwise velocity from the canonic values is observed, which indicates the limitation of the present approach and points out the need of further refinement of the method of simulation under consideration

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7

Wu, Pey Shey, Chia Yu Hsieh, and Shen Ta Tsai. "Heat Transfer Enhancement of Jet Impingement on a Flat Plate Attached by a Porous Medium with a Center Cavity." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.427.

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Jet impingement heat transfer on a target plate covered with a thick porous layer with or without a cylindrical center cavity is experimentally investigated using the transient liquid crystal technique. Based on the results of jet impingement on a bare flat plate, heat transfer enhancement due to the attachment of porous medium is assessed. The varying parameters in the experiments include the nozzle-to-plate distance, jet Reynolds number, jet-to-cavity diameter ratio, and the cavity depth. Results of Nusselt number distribution, stagnation-zone Nusselt number, and averaged Nusselt number over a region of 3 times the hole diameter are documented. Experimental results show that the attachment of the porous layer with a center cavity can either hamper, or effectively enhance the jet impingement heat transfer over a flat plate. The maximum enhancement occurs at jet Reynolds number of 12400 when the cavity is a through hole and the cavity has the same diameter as the jet. The stagnation-zone Nusselt number increases 58.3% and the averaged Nusselt number increases 77.5% at the maximum enhancement condition. On the other hand, the addition of the thick porous layer without a center cavity gave rise to severe adverse effect on jet impingement heat transfer.

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8

Niwa, Naotake, Atsushi Yumoto, Takahisa Yamamoto, Fujio Hiroki, and Ichiro Shiota. "Coating with Supersonic Free-Jet PVD." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.981.

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Recently, requirements for structural materials become increasingly severe. A coating is one of the most promising methods to achieve the requirements. However, conventional coating processes generally have technical problems. We apply Supersonic Free-Jet PVD (SFJ-PVD) to coating. The SFJ-PVD is a technique to deposit nanoparticles with supersonic gas flow and to form a thick coating film without a crack or a void. This method is composed of “gas evaporation” and “vacuum deposition”. In a gas evaporation chamber, a source material is evaporated to form nanoparticles in an inert gas atmosphere. The nanoparticles are then carried to a substrate in a deposition chamber with an inert gas flow through a transfer pipe. The gas flow is generated by the pressure difference between the chambers and accelerated through a supersonic nozzle. With SFJPVD, We obtain uniform several hundreds micron meter-thick, high-density coatings.

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9

Wu, Pey Shey, Yi Wen Lo, and Fong Chia Cheng. "Numerical Investigation of Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement on a Flat Plate with an Attached Porous Medium." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.477.

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The enhancement of impingement heat transfer on a flat plate covered with a thick layer of porous medium with or without a center hole was numerically investigated. The renormalization group turbulence model is selected for the fluid region while Forchheimer extended Darcy’s model is used for porous region. The numerical models were justified by comparisons with available experimental data. Computational results show that an attached porous medium with a center hole can effectively enhance jet impingement heat transfer while an attached thick porous layer without a center hole has detrimental effect. The physics of these results are supported and well explained by the detailed flow patterns. The most influential parameters in this heat transfer process include the jet Reynolds number and the center hole geometry (hole depth and jet-to-hole diameter ratio). A good hole geometry should well trap the jet and direct the coolant along the heated plate.

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10

Cobb, W. K., J. F. C. Wardle, and D. H. Roberts. "Calculations of the Linear Polarization of Inhomogeneous Relativistic Jets." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 129 (1988): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900134333.

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We have performed exact numerical calculations of the Stokes parameters I, Q, and U for optically and Faraday thick inhomogeneous relativistic jets. We consider how changes in Faraday depth, as well as in the observer-jet geometry, change the resolved and unresolved properties of the jet.

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11

Feng, James, Anthony Loveland, and Michael Renn. "Aerosol Jet Direct Writing Polymer-Thick-Film Resistors for Printed Electronics." Journal of Surface Mount Technology 34, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37665/smt.v34i1.13.

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To improve performance and reduce size of printed-circuit board (PCB) in electronics industry, embedding discrete components within a board substrate has been an effective approach by reducing solder joints and their associated impedance mismatching, inductive reactance, etc. With its unique capabilities for non-contact precision material deposition, the Aerosol Jet® direct-write technology has been enabling additive manufacturing of fine-feature electronics conformally onto flexible substrates of complicated shapes. The CAD/CAM controlled relative motions between substrate and print head allows convenient adjustment of the pattern and pile height of deposited material at a given ink volumetric deposition rate. To date in the printed electronics industry, additively printing embedded polymer-thick-film (PTF) resistors has mostly been done with screen printing using carbon-based paste inks. Here we demonstrate results of Aerosol Jet® printed PTF resistors of resistance values ranging from ~50 W to > 1 kW, adjustable (among several variable parameters) by the number of stacked layers (or print passes with each pass depositing a fixed amount of ink) between contact pads of around 1 mm apart with footprint line typically < 0.3 mm. In principle, any ink material that can be atomized into fine droplets of 1 to 5 microns can be printed with the Aerosol Jet® system. However, the print quality such as line edge cleanliness can significantly influenced by ink rheology which involves solvent volatility, solids loading, and so on. Our atomizable carbon ink was made by simply diluting a screen printing paste with a compatible solvent of reasonable volatility, which can be cured at temperatures below 200 oC. We show that Aerosol Jet® printed overlapping lines can be stacked to large pile height (to reduce the resistance value) without significant increase of line width, which enables fabricating embedded resistors with adjustable resistance values in a limited footprint space.

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12

Hsu, M. J., and P. A. Molian. "Off-Axial, Gas-Jet-Assisted, Laser Cutting of 6.35-mm Thick Stainless Steel." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803314.

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A dual gas-jet, laser-cutting technique involving coaxial and off-axial oxygen gas flows was developed to cut 6.35-mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel plates with a 1.2-kW CO2 gas transport laser at a cutting speed of 12.7 mm/sec (30 in./min). Under identical process conditions, the single, coaxial gas jet could not cut the stainless steel although the cutting speed was reduced to 2.11 mm/sec (5 in./min). Thresholds of off-axial nozzle diameter, gas-impinging angle, oxygen pressure, and other process parameters were determined to obtain clean-cut edge quality (average dross height 0.25 mm). Experimental data coupled with a fluid-dynamics model of gas flow were presented to show the effectiveness of the dual gas-jet, laser-cutting method in achieving the maximum machining rate without deteriorating the quality of cut.

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13

YUMOTO, Atsushi. "Nanocrystalline Thick Coating Films Deposited by Supersonic Free-Jet PVD." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 69, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.69.511.

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14

Adachi, Hideo, Yoshimi Kuroda, Takuya Imahashi, and Kazuhisa Yanagisawa. "Preparation of Piezoelectric Thick Films using a Jet Printing System." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 36, Part 1, No. 3A (March 15, 1997): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.36.1159.

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15

Adachi, Hideo, Yoshimi Kuroda, and Kazuhisa Yanagisawa. "Preparation of Piezoelectric Thick Films by Jet-Printing-System Method." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 117, no. 10 (1997): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.117.507.

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16

Wang, D., X. Zhu, J. Liang, T. Ren, W. Zha, W. Dong, S. A. Rocks, R. A. Dorey, Z. Xu, and X. Wang. "Electrohydrodynamic jet printing of PZT thick film micro-scale structures." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 35, no. 13 (November 2015): 3475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.05.013.

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17

Glowacki, B. A. "Preparation of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-xtracks and thick films by jet printing." Superconductor Science and Technology 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/13/5/330.

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18

Wang, Wei, Xiao Wei Liu, Shan Shan Chen, Xin Wang, Shao Feng Li, and Yun Sen Wu. "Research on the Characteristics of Orifice Flow on Microfluidic Chips." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1621.

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The orifice which formed by the sudden change of channel’s scale on microfluidic chip and its application have introduced in this paper. The characteristics of orifice flow on microfluidic chip are studied by μ-PIV technology. The experimental PDMS chip is fabricated by hot press molding. The transient flow field experiment is carried out on the μ-PIV platform. The flow of thin-walled/thick-walled orifice was measured in experiment. There is flow constriction of orifice flow in jet state; the flow constriction of thick-walled orifice can pump the liquid in channel; and the critical Reynolds number of jet flow in microchannel structure is 190.

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19

Shibuya, Toshihiko, Mohammad Saeed Sepasy, Koichi Mizutani, Nobuhito Yoshihara, Ji Wang Yan, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Design of Double Nozzle Type Powder Jet Device Optimized for PJD." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.398.

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Thick films are needed in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as insulation, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials. To form the thick film, powder jet deposition (PJD) method has been proposed. In the PJD process, microparticles are sprayed out from nozzle under the conditions of room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and make a film on the substrate. We have developed a new jet mechanism of double-nozzle type, and reported its results previously [1]. In this study, we optimized the shape of the nozzle through investigating the influence of different dimensions and shape of the nozzle on the particles blasting velocity. As a result, it is found that nozzle diameter has a large affect on particles velocity.

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20

Глазков, В. В., Р. А. Дуплянкин та А. А. Ильюхин. "Вскипание жидкой пленки при столкновении водяной струи с нагретой стальной поверхностью". Журнал технической физики 92, № 4 (2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.04.52239.243-21.

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The research studies the interaction between subcooled small diameter water jet and thick steel heater at different surface temperatures, liquid velocities and jet angles. Although the heater surface temperature exceeded the Leidenfrost temperature and reached 340℃, the liquid, according to visual observations, wetted the surface. Geometrical characteristics of the heater surface wetted area and jet deflection angles were measured. It was hypothesised that jet deflection from the surface, accompanied by finely dispersed drops generation, occurs when thermal boundary layer, which develops in the liquid near the heater surface, reaches the liquid's outer surface. The preliminary measurements seem to confirm the hypothesis.

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21

Lu, Wen Zhuang, Jia Jing Yuan, Dun Wen Zuo, Feng Xu, and Yu Li Sun. "Stress in Freestanding CVD Diamond Thick Film." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.564.

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The present paper describes research on stress in freestanding diamond thick film, diameter of 60mm, prepared on Mo substrate by DC arc plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (DCPCVD) method. The stress in the CVD diamond film was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum. The results show that the stress in the film is compressive. The stress changes little at the same homocentric round. The compressive stress along radial direction is that the stress in the centre of the film is lower than that in the edge at both the final surface and the original surface.

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22

Crissman, Christopher J., Mianzhen Mo, Zhijiang Chen, Jie Yang, Diego A. Huyke, Siegfried H. Glenzer, Kathryn Ledbetter, et al. "Sub-micron thick liquid sheets produced by isotropically etched glass nozzles." Lab on a Chip 22, no. 7 (2022): 1365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1lc00757b.

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Liquid sheet jet formation holds immense promise to provide a continuously replenished target for static structural biology and high energy density studies conducted in X-ray free electron laser, synchrotron, and pulsed electron facilities.

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23

Ali, Osman, Avelino C. Verceles, Matthew L. Barrett, Christopher M. Franklin, Imran Khan, Negar Naderi, and Michael T. McCurdy. "Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Further Complicated During Airway Exchange Catheter Placement." Journal of Critical Care Medicine 6, no. 3 (August 11, 2020): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2020-0023.

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AbstractIntroductionAn airway exchange catheter is a hollow-lumen tube able to deliver oxygen and maintain access to a difficult endotracheal airway. This case report demonstrates an undocumented complication associated with an airway exchange catheter and jet ventilation, particularly in a patient with reduced airway diameter due to thick endotracheal secretions. Due to the frequent use of airway exchange catheters in the intensive care unit, this report highlights an adverse event of bilateral pneumothoraces that can be encountered by clinicians.Case PresentationThis case report describes a 24-year-old female with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome and thick endotra-cheal secretions whose hospital course was complicated by bilateral pneumothoraces resulting from the use of an airway exchange catheter connected to jet ventilation. During the exchange, the catheter occluded the narrowed endotracheal tube to create a one-way valve that led to excessive lung inflation.ConclusionAirway exchange catheters used with jet ventilation in a patient with a narrowed endotracheal tube and reduced lung compliance have the potential risk of causing a pneumothorax. Clinicians should avoid temporary concomitant oxygenation via jet ventilation in patients with these findings and reserve the use of airway exchange catheters for difficult airways.

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24

Lim, C. K., P. A. Molian, R. C. Brown, and J. M. Prusa. "Numerical Studies of Gas Jet/Molten Layer Interaction During Laser Cutting." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830152.

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The interaction of the gas jet with the molten layer during reactive-gas assisted laser cutting is investigated. The Navier-Stokes equations in each region are solved with an implicit finite-difference algorithm. The erosion front is modeled as a free surface and its profile is determined from the interaction. Equilibrium oxidation reactions are assumed and the laser is operating in TEM00 mode. Results for laser cutting of 3.175 mm and 6.35 mm thick mild steel with an oxygen jet are presented to illustrate the details of the gas jet/molten layer interaction.

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25

Wang, Dazhi, Kuipeng Zhao, Yuheng Yuan, Zhu Wang, Haoran Zong, Xi Zhang, and Junsheng Liang. "Fabrication and Characterization of a Microscale Piezoelectric Vibrator Based on Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printed PZT Thick Film." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050524.

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This paper proposes a novel way of preparing a PZT thick film micro vibrator using the electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing technique. Initially, a micro piezoelectric vibrator was simulated and designed for obtaining optimized structure, which has a total thickness of less than 600 µm. Subsequently, the PZT thick film element was directly printed on the elastic body using the E-Jet printing. This method avoids the glue fabrication process involved in the bulk piezoelectric fabrication, thus avoiding the limits of voltage drops, isolating and absorbing amplitude usually occurred in the vibrator having glue interface. It was observed that B02 and B03 modes were generated at frequencies of 29.74 and 79.14 kHz, respectively, and the amplitudes of B02 and B03 modes were 406 and 176 nm, respectively. The error between the simulation and test result in the B03 modal is only 0.35%, which indicates the accuracy of the simulation analysis and the fabrication process. The PZT thick film traveling-wave micro vibrator successfully realized bidirectional rotation of a rotor, with a maximum speed of 681 rpm, which also shows a linear relationship between excitation voltage and rotary speed. This paper provides an effective method for preparing a micro piezoelectric vibrator for MEMS ultrasonic devices, which simplifies the manufacturing process and enhances the performance of the piezoelectric vibrator.

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26

Swiecinski, K., M. Ihle, R. Jurk, E. Dietzen, U. Partsch, and M. Eberstein. "Aerosol jet printing of two component thick film resistors on LTCC." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-tha25.

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Aerosol jet printing is a rather new technology for the deposition of thick film structures offering high line and space resolution. This offers a high potential for miniaturization for thick film structures. The advantages of this technology could be shown with inks carrying single solid powder (e.g. silver, platinum, ceramic or glass powder). Challenging is printing of solid powder mixtures due to the differences in the aerodynamic properties of different powders. Those differences result in changes of the mixing ratio within the aerosol jet and therefore poor reproducibility in the final film properties is obtained. In this work, thick film resistors consisting of RuO2 with particle size < 1 μm as the conducting phase and different glass powders with particle size around 1 μm as the isolating phase were investigated. One glass had a density rather close to RuO2, the other glass significantly lower. Inks were made from RuO2/glass powder mixtures, a solvent and organic additives. After manufacturing the inks are printed on LTCC and the microstructures of the dried and the fired films were visualized by FIB preparation and SEM. The resistances as well as the temperature coefficients of the resistors were measured and compared to resistor films with an identical solid composition manufactured by conventional screen printing. The results of the obtained resistors are presented and discussed in terms of powder properties, ink dispersion and printing parameters.

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27

Swiecinski, K., M. Ihle, R. Jurk, E. Dietzen, U. Partsch, and M. Eberstein. "Aerosol Jet Printing of Two Component Thick Film Resistors on LTCC." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.384.

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Анотація:

Aerosol jet printing is a rather new technology for the deposition of thick film structures offering high line and space resolution. This method offers high potential for miniaturization for thick film structures. The advantages of this technology could be shown with inks carrying a single solid powder (e.g., silver, platinum, ceramic, or glass powder). One of the challenges in printing solid powder mixtures is the differences in the aerodynamic properties of different powders. Those differences result in changes of the mixing ratio within the aerosol jet and therefore poor reproducibility in the finished film. In this work, thick film resistors consisting of RuO2 with particle size <1 μm as the conducting phase and different glass powders with particle size around 1 μm as the isolating phase were investigated. One glass had a density rather close to RuO2, the other glass significantly lower. Inks were made from RuO2/glass powder mixtures, a solvent, and organic additives. After manufacturing, the inks are printed on LTCC and the microstructures of the dried and the fired films were visualized by FIB preparation and SEM. The resistances as well as the temperature coefficients of the resistors were measured and compared with resistor films with an identical solid composition manufactured by conventional screen printing. The results of the obtained resistors are presented and discussed in terms of powder properties, ink dispersion, and printing parameters.

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28

Saragih, Agung Shamsuddin, and Tae Jo Ko. "A thick SU-8 mask for microabrasive jet machining on glass." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 41, no. 7-8 (June 11, 2008): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1520-7.

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29

Teng, K. F., and R. W. Vest. "Mathematical models of ink jet printing in thick-film hybrid microelectronics." Applied Mathematical Modelling 12, no. 2 (April 1988): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(88)90010-8.

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30

Nozaki, T., M. Yoneta, T. Ochiai, and T. Kai. "Flow visualization of a compound swirl jet with a thick rim." Journal of Visualization 6, no. 2 (June 2003): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03181618.

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31

Chen, Rong Fa, Zhao Xia Shen, Liang Gang Dai, Xian Liang Zhang, Rui Zhu, and Dun Wen Zuo. "Effect of Input Power on the Deposition of Optical Grade Thick Diamond Film in a DCPJ CVD Jet System." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.245.

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High quality optical grade thick diamond film wafers with different thickness are prepared by high power DC arc plasma jet CVD (DCPJ CVD) method using a CH4/Ar/H2 gas mixture. Three different powers, 13.65, 15.40 and 17.94kW, were employed during the investigation. The aim was to investigate the effect of these powers on the deposition of thick diamond film. The controlled system was discussed together. The results show that the average diamond grain size and growth rate increase with input plasma power, but a further increase in input power, diamond thick-film defects and amorphous carbon content increased.

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32

Ray, Bahni, Gautam Biswas, and Ashutosh Sharma. "Regimes during liquid drop impact on a liquid pool." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 768 (March 10, 2015): 492–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.108.

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Water drops falling on a deep pool can either coalesce to form a vortex ring or splash, depending on the impact conditions. The transition between coalescence and splashing proceeds via a number of intermediate steps, such as thick and thin jet formation and gas-bubble entrapment. We perform simulations to determine the conditions under which bubble entrapment and jet formation occur. A regime map is established for Weber numbers ranging from 50 to 300 and Froude numbers from 25 to 600. Vortex ring formation is seen for all of the regimes; it is greater for the coalescence regime and less in the case of the thin jet regime.

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33

Albertsen, Arne, Koji Koiwai, Kyoji Kobayashi, Tomonori Oguchi, and Katsumi Aruga. "Combined Manufacture Methods for High Density LTCC Substrates: Thick Film Screen Printing, Ink Jet, Postfiring Thin Film Processes, and Laser-Drilled Fine Vias." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.1.6.

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This paper highlights the possible combination of technologies such as thick film screen printing, ink jet, and post-firing thin film processes in conjunction with laser-drilled fine vias to produce high-density, miniaturized LTCC substrates. To obtain the silver pattern on the inner layers, both conventional thick film printing and ink jet printing (using nano silver particle dispersed ink) were applied on the ceramic green sheets. The ink jet process made it possible to metallize fine lines with line/space = 30/30 μm. For interlayer connections, fine vias of 30 μm in diameter formed by UV laser were used. Then these sheets were stacked on top of each other and fired to obtain a base substrate. On this base substrate, fine copper patterns for flip chip mounting were formed by a thin film process. The surface finish consisted of a nickel passivation and a gold layer deposited by electroless plating. The combination of the three patterning processes for conducting traces and UV laser drilling of fine vias make it appear possible to realize fine pitch LTCC, for example, for flip chip device mounting.

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34

Siddiqui, Tauseef Uddin, and Mukul Shukla. "Modeling of Depth of Cut in Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Thick Kevlar-Epoxy Composites." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.423.

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Abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC) is one of the widely used non-conventional techniques for cutting difficult-to-cut materials like composites, super alloys and ceramics. However, while conducting initial trials the inability of the jet to cut through the workpiece is a major problem particularly in thicker materials. Therefore an accurate prediction of depth of cut (DOC) is absolutely necessary to achieve through cuts and more so to minimize delamination in polymer matrix composites. In this paper, a semi-empirical model is developed using non-linear regression analysis for prediction of DOC in AWJC of thick Kevlar-epoxy composites. Further, the model is verified by conducting experiments within the investigated range of process parameters and a good agreement is obtained between the two.

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35

Marcel, G., J. Ferreira, P. O. Petrucci, G. Henri, R. Belmont, M. Clavel, J. Malzac, et al. "A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732069.

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Context. X-ray binaries display cycles of strong activity during which their luminosity varies across several orders of magnitude. The rising phase is characterized by a hard X-ray spectrum and radio emission due to jets (hard state), whereas the declining phase displays a soft X-ray spectrum and no jet signature (soft state). The origin of these correlated accretion-ejection and spectral hysteresis cycles is still under investigation. Aims. We elaborate on the previously described paradigm, where the increase and decrease in the disk accretion rate is accompanied by a modification of the disk magnetization μ, which in turn determines the dominant torque allowing accretion. For μ greater than some threshold, the accretion flow produces jets that vertically carry away the disk angular momentum (jet-emitting disk, or JED mode), whereas for smaller μ, the turbulence transfers the disk angular momentum outward in the radial direction (standard accretion disk, or SAD mode). The goal of this paper is to investigate the spectral signatures of the JED configurations. Methods. We have developed a two-temperature plasma code that computes the disk local thermal equilibria, taking into account the advection of energy in an iterative way. Our code addresses optically thin/thick transitions, both radiation and gas supported regimes, and computes in a consistent way the emitted spectrum from a steady-state disk. The optically thin emission is obtained using the BELM code, which provides accurate spectra for bremsstrahlung and synchrotron emission processes as well as for their local Comptonization. Results. For a range in radius and accretion rates, JEDs exhibit three thermal equilibria, one thermally unstable and two stable: a cold (optically thick and geometrically thin) and a hot (optically thin and geometrically thick) equilibrium. From the two thermally stable solutions, a hysteresis cycle is naturally obtained. However, standard outbursting X-ray binary cycles cannot be reproduced. Another striking feature of JEDs is their ability to reproduce luminous hard states. At high accretion rates, JEDs become slim, where the main cooling is advection. Conclusions. When the loss of angular momentum and power in jets is consistently taken into account (JED mode), accretion disks have spectral signatures that are consistent with hard states, up to high luminosities. When no jet is present (SAD mode), the spectral signature is consistent with the soft state. These two canonical spectral states of black hole binaries can be explained in terms of two completely different dynamical solutions, namely JED and SAD. The observed spectral cycles can therefore be directly understood in terms of dynamical transitions from one accretion mode to another. These transitions must involve states where some regions emit jets and others do not, however, which argues for hybrid disk configurations.

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36

Ouyang, Jing, Denis Cormier, Scott A. Williams, and David A. Borkholder. "Photonic Sintering of Aerosol Jet Printed Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Thick Films." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 99, no. 8 (April 20, 2016): 2569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.14272.

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37

Barabas, F. B., and T. Deaconescu. "Optimization of the hydro abrasive jet cutting process of thick steel sheets." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 399 (September 19, 2018): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/399/1/012004.

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38

Schroth, Andreas, Ryutaro Maeda, Jun Akedo, and Masaaki Ichiki. "Application of Gas Jet Deposition Method to Piezoelectric Thick Film Miniature Actuator." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 37, Part 1, No. 9B (September 30, 1998): 5342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.37.5342.

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39

Hlavacova, I. M., and V. Geryk. "Abrasives for water-jet cutting of high-strength and thick hard materials." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 90, no. 5-8 (September 20, 2016): 1217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9462-y.

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40

Guo, Huanguo, Yuanfeng Zheng, Qingbo Yu, Chao Ge, and Haifu Wang. "Penetration behavior of reactive liner shaped charge jet impacting thick steel plates." International Journal of Impact Engineering 126 (April 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.12.005.

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41

Lee, D. "Development of a thick wear-resistant jet kote coating produced at high." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 4, no. 3 (September 1995): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02646965.

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42

Russell, David M., Fraser Lewis, Dipankar Maitra, Robert J. H. Dunn, Sera Markoff, Peter G. Jonker, Manuel Linares, and Valeriu Tudose. "Isolating the jet in broadband spectra of XBs." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S275 (September 2010): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310016285.

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AbstractMost accretion-powered relativistic jet sources in our Galaxy are transient X-ray binaries (XBs). Efforts to coordinate multiwavelength observations of these objects have improved dramatically over the last decade. Now the challenge is to interpret broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of XBs that are well sampled in both wavelength and time. Here we focus on the evolution of the jet in their broadband spectra. Some of the most densely sampled broadband SEDs of a neutron star transient (IGR J00291+5934) are used to constrain the optically thick–thin break in the jet spectrum. For the black hole transient XTE J1550-564, infrared – X-ray correlations, evolution of broadband spectra and timing signatures indicate that synchrotron emission from the jet likely dominates the X-ray power law at low luminosities (~(2 × 10−4 − 2 × 10−3) LEdd) during the hard state outburst decline.

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43

Xie, Xin, Deng Fu Chen, Qiang Liu, Jia Long Shen, Zheng Peng, Zhi Hua Dong, Lei Lei Zhang, and Min Zhang. "Effect of Bottom Structure of Submerged Entry Nozzle on Flow Field in Ultra-Thick Slab Continuous Casting Mold." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.840.

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Submerged entry nozzle (SEN) bottom structure plays an important role in determining the flow pattern in continuous casting process. This work applies a water model to evaluate the pointed-bottom, flat-bottom and recessed-bottom nozzle performance in ultra-thick slab mold. The jet properties and surface flow are compared for the three kinds of nozzles quantitatively. The results show that flat-bottom and recessed-bottom nozzles are similar in flow pattern, but the pointed-bottom nozzle has smaller jet angle, thinner flow pattern, larger surface asymmetry rate, and higher surface flow intensity.

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44

Srinivasarao, T., P. Lovaraju, and E. Rathakrishnan. "Characteristics of Underexpanded Co-Flow Jets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.507.

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The effect of inner nozzle lip thickness on the co-flow jet characteristics has been studied experimentally. Co-flow nozzles with inner nozzle lip thicknesses of 3 mm and 15 mm have been investigated. The thick-lip nozzle promotes mixing better than the thin-lip nozzle, for all the underexpanded operating conditions. The co-flow nozzle with thin-lip is effective in preserving the shock-cells nature, bringing down the longer shock-cell into shorter one and increasing the number of shock-cells compared to that of the co-flow nozzle with thick-lip.

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45

Bochkarev, N. G. "Determination of NGC 4151 Nucleus Mass from Parameters of Narrow Satellites of Broad Lines." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900115827.

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The paper considers the possibility of AGN mass estimation from observations of spectral lines emitted by jets. Jets are a typical for AGNs.Similar to SS433 the inner parts of AGN jets may emit spectral lines. 88433 spectra show that jet lines are week in comparison with those of slowly outflowing gas. Consequently the proper time for AGNs jet lines observations is the deep brightness minima (so-called transition from Sy1 type to Sy2 type of spectra). It is possibly the only chance for jet lines observations, because on the Sy1 stage gas surrounding the central object can. be optically thick in the broad lines wings or at least light up the week jet lines. The only well studied case of A(;N transition from Sy1 to Sy2 with evidence of jets is NGC 4151 when this galaxy was in a deep minimum of brightness during the 1984-1987.

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46

Parthasarathy, M. V., Carole Daugherty, and T. Müller. "Jet freezing of cells and tissues with and without cryoprotectants." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146370.

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For the past several years cryofixation/freeze-substitution techniques have become valuable alternatives to chemical fixation of biological specimens. The superiority of cryofixation in preserving labile cell structures has been documented in several studies. Commercially available jet freezers and the BAL-TEC HPM010 high pressure freezer have extended high quality cryofixation from monolayer cells to cells relatively deep inside tissues. High pressure freezing can theoretically freeze biological materials of 0.5 mm thickness without the use of cryoprotectants and propane jet freezing is reported to freeze biological samples up to 40 μm in thickness without cryoprotection. Although high pressure freezing is the obvious method of choice for freezing large biological samples, its high cost combined with its apparent inability to consistently preserve microfilaments in some plant cells has prompted us to explore the capability of jet freezing to yield well frozen samples with and without cryoprotectants.We used the commercially available jet freezer JFD 030 (BAL-TEC) to obtain our results. Tightly pelleted cells sandwiched between 0.1 mm thick copper specimen carriers normally froze well without any cryoprotectants, after propane jet freezing (Figs. 1-2).

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47

White, Christopher J., and Fiona Chrystal. "The effects of resolution on black hole accretion simulations of jets." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 2428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2423.

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ABSTRACT We perform three general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black hole accretion designed to test how sensitive results are to grid resolution in the jet region. The cases differ only in numerics, modelling the same physical scenario of a radiatively inefficient, geometrically thick, magnetically arrested flow on to a rapidly spinning black hole. Properties inferred with the coarsest grid generally agree with those found with higher resolutions, including total jet power and its decomposition into different forms, velocity structure, non-axisymmetric structure, and the appearance of resolved millimetre images. Some measures of variability and magnetization are sensitive to resolution. We conclude that most results obtained by limiting resolution near the jet for computational expediency should still be reliable, at least in so far as they would not be improved with a finer grid.

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48

Machida, T., and J. Ramkumar. "Defect Controlled Water Jet Piercing of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Plastics." Advanced Composites Letters 17, no. 2 (March 2008): 096369350801700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350801700203.

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Water jet piercing of composite laminates finds a wide application in varying fields of manufacturing, but has an inherent problem of delamination which restricts its usage. This paper makes an attempt to successfully make smaller diameter holes using impulse water jet. Both experimental and theoretical results confirmed that while piercing of composite laminates using water jet the defects appear in between the layers of laminates which may be due to bending moment of the bottom plies, which is because of the high pressure jet involved in piercing process. As the hole progresses the bottom layer delaminates from the previous layers which can be analogized to a simple supported beam in the initially stages and finally this gets converted into a cantilever beam at the bore edges. These defects can be effectively prevented by supporting the work material behind the cut edges with a thick plate having a bore smaller than that of the nozzle.

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49

Černý, Ivo, and Dagmar Mikulová. "Effect of Water Jet and Electroerosion Cutting on Fatigue Strength of Thick Al-Alloy Sheet." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1525.

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Results of an experimental investigation of effects of two advanced technologies for materials cutting, namely water-jet and electroerosive cutting, respectively, are described. Water jet cutting, with abrasive particles and specific parameters, and electroerosive cutting were applied to an aircraft Al-alloy sheet Al 2124 T851 of a considerable thickness, namely 50.8 mm. Reference batch of specimens was manufactured using fine finishing milling. Surface quality of each of the cutting and machining technologies was evaluated and fatigue strength was investigated. Three point bend fatigue tests performed at constant stress amplitude showed a considerable deterioration effect of both technologies on fatigue strength. The damaging effect of both technologies was comparable. Fractographical analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed fatigue crack initiation in numerous surface micro-notches occurring as a result of the cutting. In addition, the crack initiation was frequently accelerated by surface or subsurface fairly large particles of intermetallic phases. This mechanism also occurred with milling specimens.

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50

Lu, F. X., Y. L. Fu, G. F. Zhong, Z. Jiang, W. Z. Tang, and Y. M. Tong. "Fracture behavior of thick diamond films prepared by DC arc plasma jet method." Diamond and Related Materials 7, no. 6 (June 1998): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(99)80001-6.

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