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Статті в журналах з теми "Thermoplastic elastomer characterization"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 червня 2024

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1

Major, Zoltan, Matei C. Miron, and Umut D. Cakmak. "Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers for Design Efforts." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.161.

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Different grades of several thermoplastic elastomer types were selected and are investigated over a wide frequency/time, temperature and loading range in a research project of the authors. Relevant material models are selected for different loading situations and based on these experimental data the material model parameters were determined either directly or by applying fitting procedures. These models along with the proper data were used for modeling the deformation and the failure behavior of typical engineering thermoplastic elastomer components. Furthermore, based on the modeling of various elastomers under different service relevant loading situation several design proposals were formulated.

2

Bartolomé, L., A. Aginagalde, A. B. Martínez, M. A. Urchegui, and W. Tato. "EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF LARGE-STRAIN VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF A THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.87998.

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ABSTRACT Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are a kind of elastomer that can be processed as thermoplastics. These elastomers exhibit a highly nonlinear behavior characterized by hyper-elastic deformability. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of these elastomers is time-dependent, that is, they exhibit a viscoelastic behavior. We describe the material response of a TPU under moderate strains (ɛ < 1) by using an overlay visco-hyperelastic model assuming separation of time dependence from nonlinear stress–strain behavior. To achieve this goal, cyclic loading–unloading experimental tests are carried out for two homogeneous deformation states, uniaxial tension and pure shear, and the strain–stress data are then analyzed to fit a hyperelastic model. Conversely, a viscoelastic model is obtained from relaxation tests. Finally, the visco-hyperelastic model is implemented in a finite element calculation tool (ABAQUS), and the numerical results show a reasonable correlation with experimental data. As a result, a overlay visco-hyperelastic model depending on maximum strain is proposed.

3

Mars, W. V., and M. D. Ellul. "FATIGUE CHARACTERIZATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 90, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.17.83780.

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ABSTRACT The capacity to resist crack development in an olefinic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) has been measured via a set of experiments that quantify (1) the fracture mechanical strength of the material under quasi-static loads, (2) the rate of growth of a crack under dynamic solicitations as a function of the energy release rate, and (3) the size of crack precursors in new material. Because the subject TPE exhibited strong inelasticity in the stress–strain response, it also was necessary to characterize the development of an inelastic set under cyclic loading as a function of the applied strain. Combined with the multiplicative kinematic split, this additional measurement yields the elastic part of the strain. It also enables engineering calculations to be made of fatigue life.

4

Yang, Ying, Tsuneo Chiba, Hiromu Saito, and Takashi Inoue. "Physical characterization of a polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer." Polymer 39, no. 15 (July 1998): 3365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10119-7.

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5

Allcorn, Eric K., Maurizio Natali, and Joseph H. Koo. "Ablation performance and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 45 (February 2013): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.017.

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6

Verma, Gaurav, Bhawna Kulshreshtha, Sandeep Tyagi, and Anup K. Ghosh. "PBT/Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends—Mechanical, Morphological, and Rheological Characterization." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 47, no. 10 (September 29, 2008): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602550802274662.

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7

Pramanik, M., S. K. Srivastava, B. K. Samantaray, and A. K. Bhowmick. "Synthesis and characterization of organosoluble, thermoplastic elastomer/clay nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 40, no. 18 (August 8, 2002): 2065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.10266.

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8

Major, Zoltan, Mikel Isasi, and Thomas Schwarz. "Characterization of the Fracture and Fatigue Behavior of Thermoplastic Elastomer Materials." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.789.

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Thermoplastic elastomers are a relatively new group of engineering materials and are increasingly used in various technical applications (i.e., seals, gaskets, damping elements, and membranes) where the fatigue resistance plays an important role. The fracture behavior of elastomers is often characterized using the tearing energy concept, T. However, hardly any data are available for these types of materials. Hence, an unfilled and a filled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) type were investigated under cyclic loading conditions. The pure shear specimen configuration was used in the experimental part of this study. Crack growth kinetics curves were determined and the cycle number and the tests frequency dependence of these curves investigated. While a stable crack growth process was observed at 2 Hz the crack growth became unstable above specific test amplitude at 10 Hz.

9

Adrover-Monserrat, Bàrbara, Silvia García-Vilana, David Sánchez-Molina, Jordi Llumà, Ramón Jerez-Mesa, and J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez. "Viscoelastic Characterization of a Thermoplastic Elastomer Processed through Material Extrusion." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142914.

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Objective. We aim to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of Polyether-Block-Amide (PEBA 90A), provide reference values for the parameters of a constitutive model for the simulation of mechanical behaviors, and paying attention to the influence of the manufacturing conditions. Methods. Uniaxial relaxation tests of filaments of PEBA were used to determine the values of the parameters of a Prony series for a Quasi-Linear Visco-Elastic (QLVE) model. Additional, fast cyclic loading tests were used to corroborate the adequacy of the model under different test criteria in a second test situation. Results. The QLVE model predicts the results of the relaxation tests very accurately. In addition, the behavior inferred from this model fits very well with the measurements of fast cyclic loading tests. The viscoelastic behavior of PEBA under small strain polymer fits very well to a six-parameter QLVE model.

10

Wang, Wenshou, Peng Ping, Haijun Yu, Xuesi Chen, and Xiabin Jing. "Synthesis and characterization of a novel biodegradable, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 44, no. 19 (2006): 5505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21643.

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11

Han, Juan-Juan, and Han-Xiong Huang. "Preparation and characterization of biodegradable polylactide/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 120, no. 6 (February 11, 2011): 3217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33338.

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12

Kıroğlu, Ceren, and Nilgün Kızılcan. "Production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomer foams based on the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) rubber and thermoplastic material." Open Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0084.

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Abstract Thermoplastic elastomer foams based on styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) were produced by using different processing techniques such as extrusion and injection molding to achieve optimized mechanical and thermal properties in terms of strength, elongation, and damping capability. Foaming is a method of introducing gas-filled cells into the material and it is considered an effective way to meet the requirements for higher impact resistance with low density and relatively low hardness. In this study, microspheres were used as a foaming agent and were introduced to the system by using an injection molding machine. They were used in different percentages and ranged from 1 and 3%. They decrease the density of the product thereby lowering the weight and cost. Besides improving damping abilities and decreasing the density, inorganic fillers such as talc, silica, and calcium carbonate were used to increase the mechanical strength, and their effectivity was also investigated. It was observed that a higher amount of foaming agent lowered the density by creating voids in the blend, as expected. The introduction of fillers increases the mechanical properties; however, the density had a negative effect even in the presence of foaming agents. About 3% density reduction can be achieved in the presence of talc and a foaming agent whereas the other fillers had an opposite effect on the density. Accordingly, the impact resistance was affected negatively because of the stiffness of the filler materials, and the highest Izod impact value was 50.2 kJ/m2. The elastic modulus values for foamed samples and filled with CaCO3, talc, and silica were 808, 681, and 552 MPa respectively. Combining foaming and thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) offers a wide variety of possibilities to new and existing applications. In addition to low hardness and density, foaming provides better damping ability thanks to its morphological structure.

13

Kylmä, Janne, and Jukka V. Seppälä. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Biodegradable Thermoplastic Poly(ester−urethane) Elastomer." Macromolecules 30, no. 10 (May 1997): 2876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma961569g.

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14

Zhong, Qian, Jie Ren, and Qinfeng Wang. "Preparation and characterization of polylactide-block -poly(butylene adipate) polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer." Polymer Engineering & Science 51, no. 5 (January 24, 2011): 908–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21911.

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15

Chi, Xiaohong, Lu Cheng, Wenfeng Liu, Xiaohong Zhang, and Shengtao Li. "Characterization of Polypropylene Modified by Blending Elastomer and Nano-Silica." Materials 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081321.

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Polypropylene (PP) contains promising application prospects in thermoplastic cables for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission because of its outstanding thermal and dielectric properties. However, the problem of poor toughness and space charge has restricted the application of pure PP in HVDC cables. In this paper, polyolefin elastomer (POE) and nano-silica were blended thoroughly and added into a PP mixture by a melting method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the dispersion of POE and nanoparticles. Thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests. The elastomeric properties of composites were improved as the dispersed POE could transfer and homogenize external mechanical forces. DC breakdown results showed that the fail strength of composite with 10 phr POE and 1 phr nano-silica was obviously enhanced. The pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) results showed that the injection and accumulation of space charge was increased by the introduction of POE, while it was restrained by the collective effect caused by nano-silica filling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrograms showed that secondary ordered structures existed in the composites of PP, POE, and nano-silica, and that the ordered structure around the nanoparticles contributed to the enhancement of breakdown strength. The mechanical and dielectric properties were modified synergistically, which made the modified PP a propitious insulation material for HVDC cables.

16

Zahhaf, Omar, Giulia D’Ambrogio, Angela Giunta, Minh-Quyen Le, Guilhem Rival, Pierre-Jean Cottinet, and Jean-Fabien Capsal. "Molten-State Dielectrophoretic Alignment of EVA/BaTiO3 Thermoplastic Composites: Enhancement of Piezo-Smart Sensor for Medical Application." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 15745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415745.

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Dielectrophoresis has recently been used for developing high performance elastomer-based structured piezoelectric composites. However, no study has yet focused on the development of aligned thermoplastic-based piezocomposites. In this work, highly anisotropic thermoplastic composites, with high piezoelectric sensitivity, are created. Molten-state dielectrophoresis is introduced as an effective manufacturing pathway for the obtaining of an aligned filler structure within a thermoplastic matrix. For this study, Poly(Ethylene-co Vinyl Acetate) (EVA), revealed as a biocompatible polymeric matrix, was combined with barium titanate (BaTiO3) filler, well-known as a lead-free piezoelectric material. The phase inversion method was used to obtain an optimal dispersion of the BaTiO3 within the EVA thermoplastic matrix. The effect of the processing parameters, such as the poling electric field and the filler content, were analyzed via dielectric spectroscopy, piezoelectric characterization, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behavior of the matrix was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). Thermoplastic-based structured composites have numerous appealing advantages, such as recyclability, enhanced piezoelectric activity, encapsulation properties, low manufacturing time, and being light weight, which make the developed composites of great novelty, paving the way for new applications in the medical field, such as integrated sensors adaptable to 3D printing technology.

17

Lee, Ji Hun, and Hyung Joong Kim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer Poly(ether-b-amide) Containing Aromatic Moiety." Polymer Korea 38, no. 5 (September 25, 2014): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2014.38.5.596.

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18

Asami, Takuo, and Koh-hei Nitta. "Morphology and mechanical properties of polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer I. Characterization of deformation process." Polymer 45, no. 15 (July 2004): 5301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.017.

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19

Juárez, D., S. Ferrándiz, R. Balart, M. J. Reig, and M. A. Peydró. "Rheological Characterization and Mathematical Modeling of a SEBS Blend for Industrial Applications where Nowadays Liquid Silicone Rubber is Used." Key Engineering Materials 502 (February 2012): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.502.109.

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SEBS (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) is a hydrogenated SBS used as a compatibilizer of other thermoplastic or as a blend to improve the properties (mainly impact). There is very little information about SEBSs research, independent of other materials. This study focuses on a blend from the providers SEBS extreme hardness (50% Shore-A 5 and 50% Shore-A 90) in order to analyze the miscibility of mixed materials from the storage of 2 references only. It has been used the thermoplastic elastomer Megol TA® SEBS, whose characteristics make it special due to the wide range of hardness and transparency, and can be obtained blend for industrial applications where nowadays liquid silicone rubber is used. Next step is rheological characterization of the blend, analyzing the viscosity for subsequent mathematical modeling. Finally, in order to reproduce the rheological behavior of materials during the injection process, Autodesk Moldflow Inside 2010 CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) tool has been used with Cross-WLF model parameters, and compared with tests injected.

20

Fazi, Laura, Carla Andreani, Cadia D’Ottavi, Leonardo Duranti, Pietro Morales, Enrico Preziosi, Anna Prioriello, et al. "Characterization of Conductive Carbon Nanotubes/Polymer Composites for Stretchable Sensors and Transducers." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041764.

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The increasing interest in stretchable conductive composite materials, that can be versatile and suitable for wide-ranging application, has sparked a growing demand for studies of scalable fabrication techniques and specifically tailored geometries. Thanks to the combination of the conductivity and robustness of carbon nanotube (CNT) materials with the viscoelastic properties of polymer films, in particular their stretchability, “surface composites” made of a CNT on polymeric films are a promising way to obtain a low-cost, conductive, elastic, moldable, and patternable material. The use of polymers selected for specific applications, however, requires targeted studies to deeply understand the interface interactions between a CNT and the surface of such polymer films, and in particular the stability and durability of a CNT grafting onto the polymer itself. Here, we present an investigation of the interface properties for a selected group of polymer film substrates with different viscoelastic properties by means of a series of different and complementary experimental techniques. Specifically, we studied the interaction of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) deposited on two couples of different polymeric substrates, each one chosen as representative of thermoplastic polymers (i.e., low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP)) and thermosetting elastomers (i.e., polyisoprene (PI) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)), respectively. Our results demonstrate that the characteristics of the interface significantly differ for the two classes of polymers with a deeper penetration (up to about 100 μm) into the polymer bulk for the thermosetting substrates. Consequently, the resistance per unit length varies in different ranges, from 1–10 kΩ/cm for typical thermoplastic composite devices (30 μm thick and 2 mm wide) to 0.5–3 MΩ/cm for typical thermosetting elastomer devices (150 μm thick and 2 mm wide). For these reasons, the composites show the different mechanical and electrical responses, therefore suggesting different areas of application of the devices based on such materials.

21

Zubir, Syazana Ahmad, Ernie Suzana Ali, and Sahrim Ahmad. "Thermal and Mechanical Characterizations of Nanoclay/Palm Oil Polyol Based Polyurethane Composites." Key Engineering Materials 673 (January 2016): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.673.127.

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Effect of organically modified nanoclay on thermal and mechanical properties of palm oil polyol (POP) based polyurethane (PU) were investigated. Thermoplastic PU elastomer was synthesized utilizing polycaprolactonediol (PCL), POP, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) as chain extender via two-step prepolymer process in bulk. The amount of clay added is between 1 to 5 wt%. The produced nanocomposites were subjected to thermal and mechanical characterization which includes thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile test. The results obtained showed improved thermal stability and tensile properties of PU nanocomposites upon addition of clay content.

22

Lu, Gang, Changgeng Shuai, Yinsong Liu, Xue Yang, and Xiaoyang Hu. "Preparation and Dielectric Sensitivity of Polyurethane Composite Fiber Membrane Filled with BaTiO3." Membranes 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040364.

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Polyurethane dielectric elastomer (PUDE) is considered a potential underwater flexible actuator material due to its excellent designability and environmental tolerance at the molecular level. Currently, the application of the polyurethane elastomer as an actuating material is constrained by such problems as the conflict between various properties such as dielectric properties and modulus and the low level of dielectric sensitivity. This is a common challenge facing polyurethane dielectric research related to the uneven distribution of dielectric fillers in the matrix. Besides, another challenge for the academic circles is the easy agglomeration of micro and nanofillers. Given the above-mentioned background of the application and technical problems, the coaxial electrospinning technology is proposed in this paper. The polyurethane fiber network is constructed with the preferred hydrolysis resistant polyether-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer as the matrix material. Dispersed by ultrasound, the micro nano dielectric filler is integrated into polyurethane fiber through the coaxial dual-channel design. Additionally, directional constraint molding is conducted to improve the agglomeration of small-scale particles induced by the loss of mechanical energy in traditional blending. After characterization, the distribution of BaTiO3 particles in the fiber bundle is relatively uniform. Compared to the polyurethane dielectric composites prepared by traditional blending (BaTiO3-Dielectric Elastomer, BaTiO3-DE), the dielectric sensitivity factor of the polyurethane composite fiber membrane (BaTiO3-Dielectric Elastomer Membrane, BaTiO3-DEM) is enhanced by over 25%; the electrostrictive strain of BaTiO3-DEM is boosted by least 10%.

23

Bai, Jingjing, Weijie Ren, Yulong Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Cheng Zhang, Zhenzhong Li, and Zhongyuan Xie. "High-performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/carbon dots bulk nanocomposites with strong luminescence." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 7 (February 27, 2020): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008320907123.

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In this work, high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/carbon dots (TPU/CDs) bulk nanocomposites with strong luminescence were fabricated via in situ polymerization. The CDs were synthesized from citric acid and 2-aminothiophenol. Transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and systematic characterization indicated the formation of the CDs and the covalent conjugation of the CDs with TPU. The optical properties of the TPU/CDs nanocomposites were characterized by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compared to the initial solid-state CDs (the absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (QY): 20%), all the composites exhibited stronger luminescence behavior. When the CDs content was 0.5 wt%, the QY was as high as 68%. Furthermore, the rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The rheological properties established the structure–property relationships of the composites. The incorporation of the CDs enhanced the elastic response in viscoelasticity of the nanocomposites. The tensile strength of 1.0 wt% CDs loaded TPU increased from 18.2 MPa to 28.6 MPa, nearly 57% higher than that of the neat TPU. Given the excellent Ag+ detection performance of the CDs, the high QY and the processability of the nanocomposites, Ag+ detection experiments for the composite film were performed. The study will facilitate the applications of luminescent nanocomposites in potential fields.

24

Huang, Guotao, Suyuan Li, Yucai Li, Xin Wu, Xinxing Feng, Yuan Gui, Jianping Deng, Cao Wang, and Kai Pan. "Preparation and characterization of microcellular foamed thermoplastic polyamide elastomer composite consisting of EVA / TPAE1012." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, no. 37 (May 7, 2021): 50952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.50952.

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25

Xu, Peijun, Zhen Zhu, Yadong Wang, Peiliang Cong, Danggang Li, Jizhuang Hui, and Min Ye. "Phase structure characterization and compatibilization mechanism of epoxy asphalt modified by thermoplastic elastomer (SBS)." Construction and Building Materials 320 (February 2022): 126262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126262.

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26

Liaw, Wen-Chang, Jung Chang-Chien, Hung Kang, Yu-Lin Cheng, and Li-Wen FU. "A Straightforward Synthesis and Characterization of a New Poly(imide siloxane)-based Thermoplastic Elastomer." Polymer Journal 40, no. 2 (December 18, 2007): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.pj2007128.

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27

Wei Fang, Xiaodong Fan, Hongqiao Jiao, Zhengwei Jin, Wei Yuan, Angui Zhang, and Tao Zhou. "Characterization and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyether Elastomer/Polyoxymethylene Blends Prepared by Melt-Mixing Method." Polymer Science, Series A 61, no. 6 (November 2019): 890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x20010034.

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28

Khaled, Walid Bin, and Dan Sameoto. "Fabrication and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer Dry Adhesives with High Strength and Low Contamination." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 9 (April 22, 2014): 6806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am500616a.

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29

Sono, Masayo, Kenji Kinashi, Wataru Sakai, and Naoto Tsutsumi. "Spin-Trapping Analysis and Characterization of Thermal Degradation of Thermoplastic Poly(ether–ester) Elastomer." Macromolecules 51, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 1088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02654.

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30

Tan, Kuilong, Chunxi Li, Hong Meng, and Zihao Wang. "Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic elastomer of poly(vinyl chloride) and chlorinated waste rubber." Polymer Testing 28, no. 1 (February 2009): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.08.003.

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31

Hassan, Medhat M., Raouf O. Aly, Jehan A. Hasanen, and El Sayed F. El Sayed. "Fabrication and characterization of gamma-irradiated recycled (thermoplastic/elastomer) matrix filled with feldspar composites." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 116, no. 1 (December 8, 2013): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-013-3450-3.

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32

Liu, Quanyong, Ming Tian, Tao Ding, Rui Shi, Yuxing Feng, Liqun Zhang, Dafu Chen, and Wei Tian. "Preparation and characterization of a thermoplastic poly(glycerol sebacate) elastomer by two-step method." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 103, no. 3 (2006): 1412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24394.

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33

Onyu, Kannika, Rungsima Yeetsorn, and Jeff Gostick. "Fabrication of Bipolar Plates from Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112143.

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A vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising large-scale energy storage device, due to its safety, durability, and scalability. The utilization of bipolar plates (BPs), made of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), synthetic graphite, woven-carbon-fiber fabric (WCFF), and a very thin pyrolytic graphite sheet (GS), is investigated in this study. To boost volumetric electrical conductivity, WCFF was introduced into the TPV composite, and the plate was covered with GS to increase surface electrical conductivity. Created composite BPs acquire the desired electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and deformation characteristics. Those properties were assessed by a series of characterization experiments, and the morphology was examined using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy. Electrochemical testing was used to confirm the possibility of using the suggested BP in a working VRFB. The laminated BP was utilized in a flow cell to electrolytically convert V(IV) to V(V) and V(II), which achieved comparable results to a commercial graphite bipolar plate. Following these experiments, the laminated bipolar plates’ surfaces were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and no evidence of corrosion was found, indicating good durability in the hostile acidic environment.

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Yang, Zhi-Yu, Yi-Ling Chou, Hao-Chun Yang, Chin-Wen Chen, and Syang-Peng Rwei. "Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoplastic Poly(Ester Amide)s Elastomer (TPEaE) Obtained from Recycled PET." Journal of Renewable Materials 9, no. 5 (2021): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2021.014476.

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35

Zhao, Yi, Ranran Chen, Ruiyan Ni, Honggang Liu, Juan Li, and Chen Huang. "Fabrication and characterization of a novel facial mask substrates based on thermoplastic polyester elastomer fibers." Journal of The Textile Institute 111, no. 8 (December 17, 2019): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1702612.

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36

Sengupta, Pratip, and Jacques W. M. Noordermeer. "A comparative study of different techniques for microstructural characterization of oil extended thermoplastic elastomer blends." Polymer 46, no. 26 (December 2005): 12298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.075.

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37

Li, Hang, and James L. White. "Preparation and characterization of biaxially oriented films from polybutylene terephthalate based thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers." Polymer Engineering & Science 40, no. 11 (November 2000): 2299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11362.

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38

Celebi, Hande, Goknur Bayram, and Aydin Dogan. "Influence of zinc oxide on thermoplastic elastomer-based composites: Synthesis, processing, structural, and thermal characterization." Polymer Composites 37, no. 8 (March 16, 2015): 2369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.23418.

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39

Caputo, P., M. Porto, V. Loise, B. Teltayev, and C. Oliviero Rossi. "Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Bitumen Modified with Waste Plastic and Rubber Additives by Rheology and Self Diffusion NMR Experiments." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj864.

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In this study, the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of a new kind of modified bitumen are presented. The bituminous binders have been modified in order to understand the effect on the structural properties of several compounds such as a Polymer elastomer as Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), Polymer thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) and a waste plastic (Waste PP). Laboratory tests have been focused on the characterization of bitumen modified with single product and their binary combinations compared with pristine binder as a reference. Characterization has been conducted by using conventional as well as advanced methods on bitumens. Fundamental rheological tests, based on dynamic shear rheometer in the temperature range from -30 °C to +160 °C have been performed and the structure of a bitumens and modified bitumens has been analysed by the mobility of the oily maltene by self-diffusion Pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) FT-NMR experiments.

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Machado, Jhonatan Alves, and Luiz Antonio Rasia. "Deposition and evaluation of thermoplastic polyurethane on paper substrate for test specimen production." DELOS: DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE 16, no. 46 (September 6, 2023): 2272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/rdelosv16.n46-017.

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This work presents the development and characterization of a process for manufacturing test specimens using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) on paper substrates, which serve as elastomeric substrates for the manufacturing of piezoresistive sensor devices using the Graphite on Paper (GoP) technique. The study of piezoresistive sensor elements is based on their behavior in response to physical stimuli such as mechanical stress or compression, resulting in variations in electrical resistance obtained from the deposition of graphite films on paper, combined with the elastomer. By leveraging the piezoresistive effect of graphite, innovative technological solutions are sought, enabling the creation of different types of sensors for measuring and monitoring a wide range of physical quantities. The proposed process utilizes commonly available materials in the market and offers a low-cost alternative compared to traditional techniques used for semiconductor-based devices. To create the test specimens, a perforated matrix made of polylactic acid (PLA) was produced using 3D printing, with dimensions specified in ISO 1924-2/2008, and a thickness limitation of 2 mm. TPU is deposited into the perforated grooves of the developed matrix on the paper substrate, filling the spaces intended for the addition of the elastomeric polymer. The deposition process is carried out similar to silk-screen printing, ensuring uniform thickness of the test specimens. The curing process takes place over a period of 48 h at room temperature under the weight of granite structures covered with PVC sheets. After curing, the test specimens are demolded. The obtained results consist of TPU + Paper strips with an average thickness of approximately 2.1357 mm, with a mean thickness variation of 0.10688 mm, representing an average variation of 4.947 % among the strips. By disregarding the highest and lowest results from the measurement series, samples with an average thickness of 2.1327 mm and variations of 0.09250 mm were obtained, representing an average thickness variation of 4.328 %. These results are promising for the development of flexible sensor devices for applications in industrial equipment, soft robotic systems, healthcare, and bioengineering fields.

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Syafei, Dedri, and Wimpy Prendika. "Pembuatan Dan Karakterisasi Komposit Termoplastik Elastomer Dari Karet Alam-Polipropilena Bekas Dengan Filler Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit." Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jisic.v13i1.12965.

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[The Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer Natural Rubber-Polypropylene Waste with Oil Palm Empty Bunches as Filler] Salah satu cara mengurangi limbah adalah dengan memaksimalkan pemanfaatan plastik Polipropilena (PP) bekas dan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Karet Alam (KA) dapat mengurangi sifat getas plastik PP dan meningkatkan nilai jual karet rakyat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat dan mengkarakterisasi komposit Termoplastik Elastomer (TPE) KA/ PP/TKKS. Pembuatan komposit TPE dilakukan dengan metode reflux dengan rasio KA/PP bekas sebesar 50:50 (b/b) dan variasi penambahan TKKS yaitu 0 g; 9,8 g; 19,2 g; 28,4 g; 37,0 g; dan 45,4 g dengan berat total 500 g. Komposit dikarakterisasi berdasarkan uji daya serap air, uji densitas, uji kuat tarik dan analisis Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Komposit TPE yang dihasilkan berwarna cokelat. Hasil uji daya serap air menunjukkan peningkatan dengan meningkatnya jumlah TKKS dalam komposit. Hasil optimum ditunjukkan oleh sampel yang mengandung 19,2 g TKKS, dengan nilai densitas 0.856517 g/cm3 dan nilai kuat tarik 3.803 MPa. Nilai optimum ini juga didukung oleh hasil analisis (SEM) yang menunjukkan terbentuknya rongga-rongga kosong yang relatif banyak, merata, bentuk permukaan yang rata dan tidak terbentuk aglomerasi pada komposit.

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Hu, Weiguo, Maria D. Ellul, Andy H. Tsou, and Sudhin Datta. "Filler Distribution and Domain Size of Elastomer Compounds by Solid-State NMR and AFM." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548166.

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Abstract Solid-state NMR methods were used to characterize the filler distribution in rubber blends and domain size of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV). Correlation between filler content and magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C and 1H NMR signal linewidth was established, and filler content in each component of the rubber blends was determined. In IIR/BR and BIMS/BR blends, carbon black enriches in BR phase. Comparison of the carbon black enrichment in both blends suggests that BIMS has a slightly stronger interaction with fillers than does IIR. Results obtained from AFM analysis were compared with NMR observations. Spin diffusion NMR was demonstrated to be useful for quantifying the amount of interfacial component in TPV. Its advantages — ease of quantification and high sensitivity for smaller domains — make it a complementary approach to microscopic techniques for elastomer morphology characterization.

43

Ruilong Li, Wei Fang, Xiaodong Fan, Zhengwei Jin, and Tao Zhou. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyoxymethlene/Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomer Blends Compatibilized by Maleic Anhydride Grafted ABS Copolymer." Polymer Science, Series A 63, no. 4 (July 2021): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x21040052.

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44

Samaniego-Aguilar, Kerly, Estefanía Sánchez-Safont, Alex Arrillaga, Jon Anakabe, Jose Gamez-Perez, and Luis Cabedo. "In Service Performance of Toughened PHBV/TPU Blends Obtained by Reactive Extrusion for Injected Parts." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122337.

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Moving toward a more sustainable production model based on a circular economy, biopolymers are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to reduce the dependence on oil-based plastics. Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), a bacterial biopolyester from the polyhydroxialkanoates (PHAs) family, seems to be an attractive candidate to replace commodities in many applications such as rigid packaging, among others, due to its excellent overall physicochemical and mechanical properties. However, it presents a relatively poor thermal stability, low toughness and ductility, thus limiting its applicability with respect to other polymers such as polypropylene (PP). To improve the performance of PHBV, reactive blending with an elastomer seems to be a proper cost-effective strategy that would lead to increased ductility and toughness by rubber toughening mechanisms. Hence, the objective of this work was the development and characterization of toughness-improved blends of PHBV with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as a reactive extrusion agent. To better understand the role of the elastomer and the compatibilizer, the morphological, rheological, thermal, and mechanical behavior of the blends were investigated. To explore the in-service performance of the blends, mechanical and long-term creep characterization were conducted at three different temperatures (−20, 23, 50 °C). Furthermore, the biodegradability in composting conditions has also been tested. The results showed that HMDI proved its efficiency as a compatibilizer in this system, reducing the average particle size of the TPU disperse phase and enhancing the adhesion between the PHBV matrix and TPU elastomer. Although the sole incorporation of the TPU leads to slight improvements in toughness, the compatibilizer plays a key role in improving the overall performance of the blends, leading to a clear improvement in toughness and long-term behavior.

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Kong, Weibo, Kai Hu, Xiaowei Fu, Dongyang Guo, and Jingxin Lei. "Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Amino-terminated Polyamide-6 and Diisocyanate-terminated Polytetramethylene Glycol." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 55, no. 1 (November 3, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2015.1050510.

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46

Fakirov, S., Z. Denchev, A. A. Apostolov, M. Stamm, and C. Fakirov. "Morphological characterization during deformation of a poly(ether ester) thermoplastic elastomer by small-angle x-ray scattering." Colloid & Polymer Science 272, no. 11 (November 1994): 1363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00654166.

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47

Park, Ye-Eun, Hyejin Lee, Imjoo Jung, and Sunhee Lee. "Characterization of 3D Printed Wrist Brace with Various Tilting Angles of Re-entrant Pattern Using Thermoplastic Elastomer." Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 46, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 1074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2022.46.6.1074.

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48

Zhang, Chi, Jie Li, and Yunjun Luo. "Synthesis and Characterization of 3,3′-Bisazidomethyl Oxetane-3-Azidomethyl-3′-Methyl Oxetane Alternative Block Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 37, no. 2 (March 29, 2012): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201100058.

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49

Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Hisaya Sato, and Junichi Adachi. "Structural Characterization of Diene Block Copolymers by GPC and Ozonolysis—GPC Measurements." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536119.

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Abstract The sequence distribution and block structure of styrene units in commercial styrene—butadiene and styrene-isoprene copolymers were analyzed by GPC measurements on the original copolymers and on ozonolysis products. Tapered-block structures are clearly differentiated by ozonolysis—GPC measurements. The content of large block styrene sequences in S-B-S type block copolymers was found to be 77 to 99% or more. S-B and S sequences in addition to the S-B-S sequence were observed for most of the triblock copolymers. A star-shaped S-B-S copolymer was distinguished from a linear copolymer by comparison of the molecular weight and chemical composition of the main and shoulder peaks by GPC and also by reference to the molecular weight of the block styrene sequence determined by ozonolysis—GPC measurements. A mixture of block copolymers was estimated for a high-styrene thermoplastic elastomer by GPC and ozonolysis—GPC measurements together with the measurement of chemical composition distribution. In a similar way the block structure was analyzed for S-I-S triblock copolymers.

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Eutionnat-Diffo, Prisca Aude, Aurélie Cayla, Yan Chen, Jinping Guan, Vincent Nierstrasz, and Christine Campagne. "Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102300.

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3D printing utilized as a direct deposition of conductive polymeric materials onto textiles reveals to be an attractive technique in the development of functional textiles. However, the conductive fillers—filled thermoplastic polymers commonly used in the development of functional textiles through 3D printing technology and most specifically through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process—are not appropriate for textile applications as they are excessively brittle and fragile at room temperature. Indeed, a large amount of fillers is incorporated into the polymers to attain the percolation threshold increasing their viscosity and stiffness. For this reason, this study focuses on enhancing the flexibility, stress and strain at rupture and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed conductive polymer onto textiles by developing various immiscible polymer blends. A phase is composed of a conductive polymer composite (CPC) made of a carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly structured carbon black (KB)- filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and another one of propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blends. Two requirements are essential to create flexible and highly conductive monofilaments for 3D-printed polymers onto textile materials applications. First, the co-continuity of both the thermoplastic and the elastomer phases and the location of the conductive fillers in the thermoplastic phase or at the interface of the two immiscible polymers are necessary to preserve the flexibility of the elastomer while decreasing the global amount of charges in the blends. In the present work based on theoretical models, when using a two-step melt process, the KB and CNT particles are found to be both preferentially located at the LDPE/PBE interface. Moreover, in the case of the two-step extrusion, SEM characterization showed that the KB particles were located in the LDPE while the CNT were mainly at the LDPE/PBE interface and TEM analysis demonstrated that KB and CNT nanoparticles were in LDPE and at the interface. For one-step extrusion, it was found that both KB and CNT are in the PBE and LDPE phases. These selective locations play a key role in extending the co-continuity of the LDPE and PBE phases over a much larger composition range. Therefore, the melt flow index and the electrical conductivity of monofilament, the deformation under compression, the strain and stress and the electrical conductivity of the 3D-printed conducting polymer composite onto textiles were significantly improved with KB and CNT-filled LDPE/PBE blends compared to KB and CNT-filled LDPE separately. The two-step extrusion processed 60%(LDPE16.7% KB + 4.2% CNT)/40 PBE blends presented the best properties and almost similar to the ones of the textile materials and henceforth, could be a better material for functional textile development through 3D printing onto textiles.