Статті в журналах: "Thermo-rheology"

1

Ahuja, Amit, and Chaiwut Gamonpilas. "Rheology of thermo-gelling capillary suspensions." Colloid and Polymer Science 299, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04772-8.

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2

Wang, Chong Ge, Zhao Qing Song, Wei Zhong Chen, Quan Sheng Liu, and Chien Hsin Yang. "Study of Thermo-Rheology Characters of Rock under the Uni-Axial Compression." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.639.

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This paper introduces temperature effect to rock model. It sets up a thermo-visco-elastic-plastic rock model. Based on the rock model which consists of spring, dashpot and plastic elements under the condition of un-axial compression, the behaviors of the thermo-visco-elastic-plastic in rock are discussed, and the equations of the constitutive, creep, unload and relaxation have been obtained. This model can reflect the rock or rock mass average thermo-rheology character. Meanwhile, this study gives a explanation of the significances of this kind of model in the practical use.

3

Brenner, Tom, Taco Nicolai, and Ragnar Johannsson. "Rheology of thermo-reversible fish protein isolate gels." Food Research International 42, no. 8 (October 2009): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.04.020.

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4

Niang, Pape Momar, Zhiwei Huang, Virginie Dulong, Zied Souguir, Didier Le Cerf, and Luc Picton. "Thermo-controlled rheology of electro-assembled polyanionic polysaccharide (alginate) and polycationic thermo-sensitive polymers." Carbohydrate Polymers 139 (March 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.022.

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5

Li, Boyu, Joey Kim, and Julie Kornfield. "A Molecular Picture for the Thermo-Reversibility of Gels Formed by Isophthalic Acid-Ended Telechelic Polymers." MRS Proceedings 1794 (2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.638.

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ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that isophthalic acid-ended telechelic poly(1,5-cyclooctadiene)s (A-PCODs) form thermo-reversible gels in non-polar solvent with a unique molecular mechanism for their thermo-reversibility. Like other associative telechelic polymers, A-PCODs form “flower-like” micelles at low concentration and form gels through bridging at higher concentration which exhibit linear viscoelasticity. However, unlike the widely studied hydrophobically end-capped PEOs, A-PCODs show clear thermo-reversibility in viscosity and dynamic modulus around 30 °C due to the hydrogen-bonding end groups. In addition, they differ from other reported thermo-reversible gelators (eg. Pluronics, PNIPAm containing block copolymers, etc.): neither the end group nor the backbone in the present system has a critical solution temperature within the measured temperature range (0 °C to 60 °C), indicating that the present system has a unique mechanism for its thermo-reversibility. To obtain a molecular picture of the mechanism, rheology and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies were implemented. Topological changes above the transition temperature (30 °C) were observed in both oscillatory rheology and SANS. SANS reveals that the size of clusters, which are formed by interacting micelles, depends highly on temperature (T) but independent of polymer concentration. These results cannot be explained by current theories on associative telechelic polymers which assume constant and large aggregation number of end groups at all temperatures and concentrations. We hypothesize that the temperature-sensitive sol-gel transition is due to a decrease in aggregation number for T above the critical temperature in our system, and this temperature-dependence of aggregation number is further determined by the chemical structure and hydrogen-bonding property of isophthalic acid ends.

6

Vargas Arenas, Xiomara Andrea, Natalia Afanasjeva, and Mario Álvarez Cifuentes. "Rheological model for sol-gel phase transition of thermo-aged heavy oil fractions." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n1.15203.

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A power-law rheological model is proposed in this paper: G’’(ω) ~ ωn and G’(ω) ~ ωn. It represents the increased connectivity between thermo-aged asphalt molecules in a rheo-reactor as one of the applications of systematic rheology. The results confirmed a sol-gel phase transition tendency for aged asphalt in the experimental frequency window at temperatures below 40°C. Such pattern could have been related to the structuring effect arising from the thermo-oxidative asphalt aging process during continuous agitation which has been suitably described by the micellar model of asphalt.

7

Wu, Yufeng, Dingwei Zhu, Zanru Guo, and Yujun Feng. "Rheology and phase behavior of thermo-reversible pentablock terpolymer hydrogel." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 51, no. 18 (July 10, 2013): 1335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.23343.

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8

Nedoma, J. "On a coupled Stefan-like problem in thermo-visco-plastic rheology." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 84, no. 1 (October 1997): 45–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0427(97)00111-8.

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9

VARGAS, X., N. AFANASJEVA, M. ALVAREZ, P. MARCHAL, and L. CHOPLIN. "Asphalt rheology evolution through thermo-oxidation (aging) in a rheo-reactor." Fuel 87, no. 13-14 (October 2008): 3018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.026.

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10

Kumar, Rahul, Mohammad Sikandar Azam, Subrata Kumar Ghosh, and Hasim Khan. "Thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication simulation of the Rayleigh step bearing using the progressive mesh densification method." SIMULATION 95, no. 5 (August 1, 2018): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718788727.

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The paper deals with the numerical simulation of thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (Thermo-EHL) condition in the Rayleigh step bearing. Thermo-EHL involves rheology of the lubricant and deformation of the structure simultaneously under the influence of pressure and temperature, which makes this regime of lubrication more complicated. It is difficult to obtain a converged and accurate solution with ease under this condition. The effect of computational mesh density plays a significant role in obtaining a converged solution rapidly. In this paper, the progressive mesh densification (PMD) method has been applied to solve the Thermo-EHL condition numerically. To find out the best possible scheme of PMD for obtaining a converged solution quickly, the results of PMD and fixed mesh density (FMD) have been compared. Based on the comparison, it has been observed that Scheme 3 of PMD takes around 30% fewer iterations compared with FMD under both elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and Thermo-EHL conditions. Adopting Scheme 3 of PMD, the effect of temperature on the load capacity, coefficient of friction, no-pressure zone, and pressure distribution in the Rayleigh step bearing has been studied. Reductions in pressure, no-pressure zone, frictional coefficient, and load capacity are observed under the Thermo-EHL condition compared to the EHL condition.

11

Roques, Michel A. "From Drying to Thermo-Hydro-Rheology—A Thirty-Year-Long Unfinished Maze." Drying Technology 26, no. 10 (September 11, 2008): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930802306946.

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12

Qiao, Hu, Abderrahim Maazouz, and Khalid Lamnawar. "Study of Morphology, Rheology, and Dynamic Properties toward Unveiling the Partial Miscibility in Poly(lactic acid)—Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) Blends." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 5359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245359.

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The purpose of the present work was to gain a fundamental understanding of how the composition and physico-chemical properties affect the rheology, morphology, miscibility, and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)—poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biopolymer blends obtained by melt mixing. First, restricted processing conditions were chosen, due to the inherent thermal degradation of PHBV, as proven by rheological dynamic time sweep (DTS) measurements and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Based on this, the composition dependence of the blends was investigated using small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheology (SAOS), and the results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Subsequently, the changes in glass transition temperatures (Tgs) from the molten to the solid state, as observed by DMA and DSC, were verified by coupling SAOS to dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). Herein, the thermo-rheological complexity of PLA/PHBV blends in the melt was revealed, especially for PLA-rich blends. Irregularly structured morphologies, caused by highly mismatched viscoelastic properties, illustrated the degree of partial miscibility. Moreover, the thermo-rheological complexity appeared in the molten state of the asymmetric PLA-rich phases could be correlated to the crystal-amorphous interfacial MWS polarization, because of the locally-induced phase separation and heterogeneity, and owing to the differences in their crystallization properties during cooling. The miscibility also suffered from the lower thermal stability of PLA and the even more unstable PHBV. Nevertheless, the melt-induced degradation process of the PLA/PHBV blends seemed to be responsible for some of the in situ self-compatibilization and plasticization mechanisms. As a result, the miscibility and thermo-rheological simplicity were improved for the intermediate and PHBV-rich compositions at low temperatures, since their properties were, to a large extent, governed by the significant degradation of PHBV. The present findings should increase the understanding of morphological changes in PLA/PHBV blends and help control their micro/nanostructure.

13

Wang, Zhongyi, Jinsheng Sun, Kun Zhang, Kaihe Lv, Xianbin Huang, Jintang Wang, Ren Wang, and Xu Meng. "A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling." Gels 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8060338.

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Rheology modifiers are essential for the flat rheology of water-based drilling fluids in deepwater. The low temperature thickening of deepwater water-based drilling fluids results in dramatic rheological changes in the 20–30 °C range. To address such problems, NIPAM with a self-polymerized product LCST of 32–35 °C was selected as the main body for synthesis. While introducing the hydrophilic monomer AM to enhance the thickening properties, the hydrophobic monomer BA was selected to reduce the LCST of the product. In this paper, a temperature-sensitive polymeric rheology modifier (PNBAM) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide, and butyl acrylate as monomers. The PNBAM was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (NMR). The rheological properties, temperature resistance, and salt resistance of PNBAM in the base fluid (BF) were tested. The performance of PNBAM in the drilling fluid system was also evaluated, and a water-based drilling fluid system of flat rheology for deepwater was formulated. The rheological modification mechanism of PNBAM was analyzed by turbidity analysis, particle size analysis, and zeta analysis. Experimental results show that PNBAM has good rheological properties. PNBAM is temperature resistant to 150 °C, salt-resistant to 30 wt%, and calcium resistant to 1.0 wt%. PNBAM also has good flat rheology characteristics in drilling fluid systems: AV4°C:AV25°C = 1.27, PV4°C:PV25°C = 1.19. Mechanistic analysis showed that the LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature) of 0.2 wt% PNBAM in an aqueous solution was 31 °C. Through changes in hydrogen bonding forces with water, PNBAM can regulate its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties before and after LCST, which thus assists BF to achieve a flat rheological effect. In summary, the temperature-sensitive effect of PNBAM has the property of enhancing with increasing temperature. While the tackifying effect of conventional rheology modifiers diminishes with increasing temperature, the temperature-sensitive effect of PNBAM gives it an enhanced thickening effect with increasing temperature, making it a more novel rheology modifier compared to conventional treatment additives. After LCST, compared to conventional rheology modifiers (XC), PNBAM has a more pronounced thermo-thickening effect, improving the main rheological parameters of BF by more than 100% or even up to 200% (XC less than 50%). This contributes to the flat rheology of drilling fluids. PNBAM has good application prospects and serves as a good reference for the development of other rheology modifiers.

14

Rusu Hodorog, Anca, Constanta Ibanescu, Ioana Moleavin, and Nicolae Hurduc. "Thermo-responsiveness of polysiloxanes grafted with poly(dimethyl acrylamide) segments." Open Chemistry 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 1338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0061-y.

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AbstractThermo-sensitive polymers are of outstanding importance due to their ability to undergo controlled major changes in their properties as a response to minor modifications in temperature. The syntheses of novel polymers by grafting polysiloxane containing chlorobenzyl groups in the side chain by the homopolymerization of N,N′-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) or the copolymerization of DMA and methyl methacrylate (MMA) using SET-LRP technique are presented. The polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy, and DSC. The thermo-sensitivity and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), as well as the aggregation phenomena during the phase transition are evidenced by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheology.

15

Yoo, Young Jin, and In Chul Um. "Examination of thermo-gelation behavior of HPMC and HEMC aqueous solutions using rheology." Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 25, no. 2 (May 2013): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13367-013-0007-8.

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16

Zhan, Li Hua, and Jue Zhong. "Rheological Behavior and Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of Aluminum Continuous Roll Casting Process." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.729.

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According to the characteristics of transient solidification and continuous rheology in roll casting process, and by modifying clamp system and loading way of molten metal, physical simulation of continuous roll casting process was realized in conjunction with Gleeble-1500 thermal-mechanical simulation testing machine in the present study. And relative rheologica1 constitutive models fitting the process were set up. A method to conduct multi-nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling analysis suitable for aluminum strip roll casting process was explored by the secondary development of ANSYS finite element analysis software. The variation rules of temperature and deformation field were obtained. It has been found that the simulating models are compared with experimental results.

17

Orozco, Felipe, Zafarjon Niyazov, Timon Garnier, Nicola Migliore, Alexander Zdvizhkov, Patrizio Raffa, Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada, Francesco Picchioni, and Ranjita Bose. "Maleimide Self-Reaction in Furan/Maleimide-Based Reversibly Crosslinked Polyketones: Processing Limitation or Potential Advantage?" Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082230.

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Polymers crosslinked via furan/maleimide thermo-reversible chemistry have been extensively explored as reprocessable and self-healing thermosets and elastomers. For such applications, it is important that the thermo-reversible features are reproducible after many reprocessing and healing cycles. Therefore, side reactions are undesirable. However, we have noticed irreversible changes in the mechanical properties of such materials when exposing them to temperatures around 150 °C. In this work, we study whether these changes are due to the self-reaction of maleimide moieties that may take place at this rather low temperature. In order to do so, we prepared a furan-grafted polyketone crosslinked with the commonly used aromatic bismaleimide (1,1′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide), and exposed it to isothermal treatments at 150 °C. The changes in the chemistry and thermo-mechanical properties were mainly studied by infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and rheology. Our results indicate that maleimide self-reaction does take place in the studied polymer system. This finding comes along with limitations over the reprocessing and self-healing procedures for furan/maleimide-based reversibly crosslinked polymers that present their softening (decrosslinking) point at relatively high temperatures. On the other hand, the side reaction can also be used to tune the properties of such polymer products via in situ thermal treatments.

18

Podevyn, Annelore, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Peter Dubruel, and Richard Hoogenboom. "Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Poly(2-oxazoline) and Gelatin Derivatives." Gels 8, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8020064.

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The combination of natural and synthetic polymers to form hybrid hydrogels offers the potential of fabricating new materials that possess a combination of properties resulting from both types of polymer classes. Within this work, two alkene-functionalized poly(2-alkyl/aryl–2-oxazoline) (PAOx) copolymers and one gelatin derivative, thiolated gelatin (gel-SH), are synthesized as precursors for hybrid hydrogels through a photo-induced radical thiol-ene crosslinking process. In-situ photo-rheology revealed an increased mechanical stability for hydrogels that possess an excess amount of PAOx precursor. A final qualitative investigation of the thermo-responsive properties of a P(EtOx270–norbornenOx30):gel-SH (2:1) hydrogel film revealed a cloud point temperature (Tcp) in the same range as the Tcp of the P(EtOx270–norbornenOx30) polymer precursor, which is around 30 °C. This promising result demonstrates that thermo-responsive hybrid poly(2-oxazoline)-gelatin hydrogels could be prepared with predictable Tcps and that further investigation into this appealing feature might be of interest. Ultimately, this work shows a proof-of-concept of using PAOx as potential hybrid hydrogel precursor in combination with cell-interactive gelatin derivatives to potentially improve the mechanical stability of the final scaffolds and introduce additional features such as thermo-responsiveness for the purpose of drug delivery.

19

Qureshi, Imran Haider, M. Nawaz, Shafia Rana, Umar Nazir, and Ali J. Chamkha. "Investigation of variable thermo-physical properties of viscoelastic rheology: A Galerkin finite element approach." AIP Advances 8, no. 7 (July 2018): 075027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5032171.

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20

Nedoma, Jiří, and Ivan Hlaváček. "Solution of a semi-coercive contact problem in a non-linear thermo-elastic rheology." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 60, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4754(02)00033-2.

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21

Verdoya, Massimo, Vincenzo Pasquale, and Paolo Chiozzi. "Thermo-mechanical evolution and rheology of the northern sector of the Tyrrhenian–Apennines system." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 148, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.04.011.

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22

Zhang, Binghan, Jin Li, Yufei Kan, Jianfang Gao, Yuehong Zhang, and Zhenhua Gao. "The Effect of Thermo-Chemical Treatment on the Water Resistance of Defatted Soybean Flour-Based Wood Adhesive." Polymers 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10090955.

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The aim of this study was to effectively improve the water resistance of a defatted soybean flour (DSF)-based adhesive by subjecting DSF to thermo-chemical treatment in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and then the crosslinking with epichlorohydrin-modified polyamide (EMPA). The effect of thermo-chemical treatment on the structures and properties of the DSF and DSF-based adhesive were investigated by plywood evaluation, boiling-water-insoluble content, and acetaldehyde value measurements, as well as FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheology analyses. The test results revealed that the water resistance of the DSF-based adhesive was significantly improved, attributed to the formation of a solid three-dimensional crosslinked network structure resulted from the repolymerization of DSF, the Maillard reaction between the protein and carbohydrate, and chemical crosslinking between the crosslinker and DSF. Moreover, SDS destroyed the hydrophobic interactions within protein and inhibited macromolecular aggregations during the thermal treatment. Therefore, more reactive groups buried within the globular structure of the soybean protein component of DSF could be released, which supported the repolymerization, Maillard reaction, and chemical crosslinking of DSF, thereby leading to an improved crosslinking density of the cured DSF-based adhesive. In addition, the adhesive composed of thermo-chemically treated DSF and EMPA exhibited preferable viscosity and viscosity stability suitable for the production of wood composites.

23

Gardini, Davide, and Carmen Galassi. "Simple Rheological Tests and Protocols for SME Ceramic Producers." Advances in Science and Technology 68 (October 2010): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.68.65.

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The rheological behaviour of ceramic suspensions affects the quality of the products and the yield of the processes. Therefore, rheology control is needed to obtain materials with enhanced properties and to reduce energy consumption. The importance of rheology control in slip casting, spray-drying, screen-printing, ink-jet printing, glazing, and so on, either for Quality Control (QC) aims or for system formulation, has been acknowledged from many years. As in these control procedures the determination of the rheological behavior is a critical issue, this work is focused on the assessment of viscosity (flow behavior) and its dependency on time (usually, thixotropic behavior). Most of ceramic factories still use simple and cheap instruments to investigate rheological behaviors (or something related to it). However, the information provided by such instruments is not completely satisfactory. Therefore, optimization of the procedures is important to improve reproducibility and precision. Suggestions about simple tests and protocols applicable to viscometers ordinarily available in ceramic factories are given. Protocols consider besides a precise description of the tests, all other factors that can affect the results, such as the thermo-mechanical history of the samples before testing.

24

Dobránsky, Jozef, and Zigmund Doboš. "Effect of thermal degradation on rheological properties of polymeric materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929906001.

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The aim of this paper is to monitor the melt volume index of thermoplastic materials and other rheological properties such as shear rate and viscosity. The aim is to compare and assess whether several times ground and subsequently re-melted samples of pure polymer granulate will have the same or similar rheology properties and whether adjustment of the injection molding machine will be required or willneed to reduce or increase production times. Thermo Scientific with HAAKE Meltflow MT software was used to determine the melt flow rate index (MVR) of thermoplastic materials. Based on the melt flow rate (MVR), shear rate and viscosity evaluation, it has been found that, although the selected materials have undergone multiple changes in the rheology of the polymeric materials, there is no problem in the molding process, and MVR does not change significantly. In this case, no changes in the settings of theinjection molding machines and reduction or increase in production times will be necessary. When re-melting the granulate samples, no excess waste was generated, which would then need to be disposed of and the samples could be re-used for further measurement after grinding.

25

Ji, Zhili, Long Yu, Qingfei Duan, Song Miao, Hongsheng Liu, Wangyang Shen, and Weiping Jin. "Morphology and Rheology of a Cool-Gel (Protein) Blended with a Thermo-Gel (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose)." Foods 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11010128.

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This study investigates the morphological and rheological properties of blended gelatin (GA; a cooling-induced gel (cool-gel)) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; a heating-induced gel (thermo-gel)) systems using a fluorescence microscope, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and a rheometer. The results clearly indicate that the two biopolymers are immiscible and have low compatibility. Moreover, the rheological behavior and morphology of the GA/HPMC blends significantly depend on the blending ratio and concentration. Higher polysaccharide contents decrease the gelling temperature and improve the gel viscoelasticity character of GA/HPMC blended gels. The SAXS results reveal that the correlation length (ξ) of the blended gels decreases from 5.16 to 1.89 nm as the HPMC concentration increases from 1 to 6%, which suggests that much denser networks are formed in blended gels with higher HPMC concentrations. Overall, the data reported herein indicate that the gel properties of gelatin can be enhanced by blending with a heating-induced gel.

26

Vatankhah, Hamed, Ali R. Taherian, and Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy. "High-pressure induced thermo-viscoelasticity and dynamic rheology of gum Arabic and chitosan aqueous dispersions." LWT 89 (March 2018): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.059.

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27

ATUGHONU, A. G., J. F. ZAYAS, T. J. HERALD, and L. H. HARBERS. "THERMO-RHEOLOGY, QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS, AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF FRANKFURTERS PREPARED WITH SELECTED PLANT AND MILK ADDITIVES." Journal of Food Quality 21, no. 3 (June 1998): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1998.tb00518.x.

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28

Marchenko, Aleksey. "Thermo-mechanical loads of confined sea ice on structures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2129 (August 20, 2018): 20170341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0341.

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Records of the ice pressures on the joggle skirt of the coal quay in Spitsbergen were performed over winter seasons in 2013 and 2015. The ice thickness below the quay was above 2 m. Ice temperature over the ice thickness and water pressure at the sea bed were measured synchronously. It was discovered that sea water migrates through the ice confined inside the joggle skirt under the influence of tidal changes of the water pressure below the ice. It leads to the formation of floods on the ice surface during high tide. The ice surface becomes dry during low tide. Ice temperature and ice pressure on the joggle skirt are changed according to the semidiurnal cycle. Spectral analysis and correlation analysis are performed to analyse the loads caused by thermal expansion of the ice. A thermo-mechanical model of ice based on elastic-plastic rheology with thermal effect is used in numerical simulations of the observed phenomena. Numerical simulations are performed with finite element software. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of sea-ice phenomena’.

29

Venoor, Varun, Jo Ann Ratto, David O. Kazmer, and Margaret J. Sobkowicz. "Analysis of post-condensation and thermo-oxidative degradation in cycloaliphatic polyamide through time-resolved rheology (TRR)." Rheologica Acta 61, no. 4-5 (March 11, 2022): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-022-01327-2.

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30

Sánchez, R., J. M. Franco, M. A. Delgado, C. Valencia, and C. Gallegos. "Effect of thermo-mechanical processing on the rheology of oleogels potentially applicable as biodegradable lubricating greases." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2008.05.002.

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31

Bahadur, Divya, Qingteng Zhang, Eric M. Dufresne, Pawel Grybos, Piotr Kmon, Robert L. Leheny, Piotr Maj, et al. "Evolution of structure and dynamics of thermo-reversible nanoparticle gels—A combined XPCS and rheology study." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 10 (September 14, 2019): 104902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5111521.

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Torres, María Dolores, Raquel Corchero, Iria Rodríguez-Escontrela, Ana Soto, and Ramón Moreira. "Thermo‐Rheology of a Proline‐Based Surface‐Active Ionic Liquid: Mixtures with Water and n ‐Octane." Chemical Engineering & Technology 42, no. 9 (June 19, 2019): 1952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800269.

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33

Getya, Dariya, and Ivan Gitsov. "Stronger Together. Poly(Styrene) Gels Reinforced by Soft Gellan Gum." Gels 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100607.

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This study targets the synthesis of novel semi-interpenetrating networks and amphiphilic conetworks, where hydrophilic soft matter (Gellan Gum, GG) was combined with hydrophobic rigid poly(styrene), PSt. To achieve that, GG was chemically modified with 4-vinyl benzyl chloride to form a reactive macromonomer with multiple double bonds. These double bonds were used in a copolymerization with styrene to initially form semi-interpenetrating networks (SIPNs) where linear PSt was intertwined within the GG-PSt conetwork. The interpenetrating linear PSt and unreacted styrene were extracted over 3 consecutive days with yields 18–24%. After the extraction, the resulting conetworks (yields 76–82%) were able to swell both in organic and aqueous media. Thermo-mechanical tests (thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis) and rheology indicated that both SIPNs and conteworks had, in most cases, improved thermal and mechanical properties compared to pure poly(styrene) and pure GG gels. This crosslinking strategy proved that the reactive combination of a synthetic polymer and a bio-derived constituent would result in the formation of more sustainable materials with improved thermo-mechanical properties. The binding ability of the amphiphilic conetworks towards several organic dyes was high, showing that they could be used as potential materials in environmental clean-up.

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Ribeiro, Tais de Cassia, Rafael Miguel Sábio, Marcela Tavares Luiz, Lucas Canto de Souza, Bruno Fonseca-Santos, Luis Carlos Cides da Silva, Márcia Carvalho de Abreu Fantini, Cleopatra da Silva Planeta, and Marlus Chorilli. "Curcumin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Dispersed in Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel as Potential Alzheimer Disease Therapy." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091976.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment. Curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-CCM) can overcome the drawbacks related to the free curcumin (CCM) clinical application, such as water insolubility and low bioavailability, besides acting over the main causes associated to AD. A thermo-responsive hydrogel is an interesting approach for facilitating the administration of the nanosystem via a nasal route, as well as for overcoming mucociliary clearance mechanisms. In light of this, MSN-CCM were dispersed in the hydrogel and evaluated through in vitro and in vivo assays. The MSNs and MSN-CCM were successfully characterized by physicochemical analysis and a high value of the CCM encapsulation efficiency (EE%, 87.70 ± 0.05) was achieved. The designed thermo-responsive hydrogel (HG) was characterized by rheology, texture profile analysis, and ex vivo mucoadhesion, showing excellent mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. Ex vivo permeation studies of MSN-CCM and HG@MSN-CCM showed high permeation values (12.46 ± 1.08 and 28.40 ± 1.88 μg cm−2 of CCM, respectively) in porcine nasal mucosa. In vivo studies performed in a streptozotocin-induced AD model confirmed that HG@MSN-CCM reverted the cognitive deficit in mice, acting as a potential formulation in the treatment of AD.

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Harris, A., S. Mannini, S. Thivet, M. O. Chevrel, L. Gurioli, N. Villeneuve, A. Di Muro, and A. Peltier. "How shear helps lava to flow." Geology 48, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47110.1.

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Abstract Understanding the thermo-rheological regime and physical character of lava while it is flowing is crucial if we are to adequately model lava flow emplacement dynamics. We present measurements from simultaneous sampling and thermal imaging across the full width of an active channel at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France). Our data set involves measurements of flow dynamics at three sites down-channel from the vent. Quantification of flow velocities, cooling rates, sample texture, and rheology allows all thermo-rheological parameters to be linked, and down- as well as cross-channel variations to be examined. Within 150 m from the vent, we recorded an unexpected velocity increase (from 0.07 to 0.1 m/s), in spite of cooling rates of 0.19–0.29 °C/m and constant slope. This change requires a switch from a Newtonian-dominated regime to a Bingham plug–dominated regime. Sample analysis revealed that the plug consists of foam-like lava, and the shear zones involve vesicle-poor (low-viscosity) lava. With distance from the vent, shear zones develop, carrying the vesicular plug between them. This causes flow to initially accelerate, helped by bubble shearing in narrow lateral shear zones, until cooling takes over as the main driver for viscosity increase and, hence, velocity decrease.

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Fu, Xiangming, Xijun Liu, Chunyu Zhang, Heng Liu, Yanming Hu, and Xuequan Zhang. "Synthesis of Propylene-co-Styrenic Monomer Copolymers via Arylation of Chlorinated PP and Their Compatibilization for PP/PS Blend." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010157.

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A series of propylene-co-styrenic monomer copolymers were synthesized using the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction between chlorinated PP and substituted benzene, and the effects of these copolymers on a PP/PS (80/20) blend were investigated by using the impact test, morphology observation, thermo- and dynamic mechanical analysis, and rheology measurements. The results showed that the compatibilization efficiency varied as the variation of the substitute on the benzene ring of the styrenic monomer unit was incorporated in the PP chain in an order of methyl > ethyl > methoxyl. The copolymers bearing a crystalline isotactic polypropylene chain sequence and rubbery propylene-co-styrene-like unit chain segments may prepossess imaginable applications, giving an example for the synthesis and applications of PP-based copolymers, initiating a new way to broaden the polyolefin-based material family.

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Lizana-Vasquez, Gaby D., Luis F. Arrieta-Viana, Janet Mendez-Vega, Aldo Acevedo, and Madeline Torres-Lugo. "Synthetic Thermo-Responsive Terpolymers as Tunable Scaffolds for Cell Culture Applications." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 4379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204379.

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The use of tailored synthetic hydrogels for in vitro tissue culture and biomanufacturing provides the advantage of mimicking the cell microenvironment without issues of batch-to-batch variability. To that end, this work focused on the design, characterization, and preliminary evaluation of thermo-responsive, transparent synthetic terpolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide, vinylphenylboronic acid, and polyethylene glycol for cell manufacturing and in vitro culture applications. Polymer physical properties were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, DLS, rheology, and thermal-gravimetric analysis. Tested combinations provided polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 30 and 45 °C. Terpolymer elastic/shear modulus varied between 0.3 and 19.1 kPa at 37 °C. Cellular characterization indicated low cell cytotoxicity on NIH-3T3. Experiments with the ovarian cancer model SKOV-3 and Jurkat T cells showed the terpolymers’ capacity for cell encapsulation without interfering with staining or imaging protocols. In addition, cell growth and high levels of pluripotency demonstrated the capability of terpolymer to culture iPSCs. Characterization results confirmed a promising use of terpolymers as a tunable scaffold for cell culture applications.

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Fan, Yifei, Nadia Boulif, and Francesco Picchioni. "Thermo-Responsive Starch-g-(PAM-co-PNIPAM): Controlled Synthesis and Effect of Molecular Components on Solution Rheology." Polymers 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10010092.

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39

Nedoma, Jiří. "On a solvability of contact problems with visco-plastic friction in the thermo-visco-plastic Bingham rheology." Future Generation Computer Systems 22, no. 4 (March 2006): 484–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2005.04.010.

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40

Duan, Liqiang, Zhen Zhou, and Xiaohu Dai. "Conditioning of raw sludge and thermally hydrolyzed sludge by ferric salt and cationic polyacrylamide: rheological analysis." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 7 (February 8, 2021): 1566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.051.

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Abstract In this study, the conditioning effect of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with different charge densities on raw sludge (RS) and thermo-hydrolyzed sludge (HS) pretreated with or without ferric salt is studied through orthogonal experiments. In addition, this paper uses the principles of rheology and morphology to analyze and clarify the conditioning mechanism of RS and HS, and reveals the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis to improve the dewatering performance of sludge. Compared with the RS, the HS has smaller particle size, better filterability, stronger fluidity and more obvious thixotropy. However, due to the influence of filter pressing time, ferric salt should be added before conditioning. The orthogonal experiment shows that the optimal conditioner is CPAM with charge density of 60, and the specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time of the adjusted thermo-hydrolyzed sludge are reduced to (1.11 ± 0.07) × 1012 m/kg and 16.1 ± 1.8 s; the particle size increased from 61.2 to 253.5 μm. The moisture content of the sludge cake is about 48%. The structural strength and thixotropy of HS are higher than those of the RS, and can be greatly improved by adding ferric salt. Morphological analysis confirms that thermal hydrolysis can lyse microbial cells in sludge, and the sludge treated with ferric salt will have more porous structure and stronger flocculation strength.

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Miedzianowska, Justyna, Marcin Masłowski, and Krzysztof Strzelec. "Thermoplastic Elastomeric Composites Filled with Lignocellulose Bioadditives, Part 2: Flammability, Thermo-Oxidative Aging Resistance, Mechanical and Barrier Properties." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071608.

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The work covers the characteristics of the functional properties of composites bordering thermoplastics and elastomers. The research is a continuation of considerations on blends in the form of a mixture of natural rubber (NR) with an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and the addition of a lignocellulose biofiller (wheat straw). After describing the processing and rheology as well as examining the thermal properties and morphology of composites (Part 1), the second part focuses on the characteristics of their performance. The effect of both different ratios of mixed polymers and the amount of filler on tensile strength and elongation at break, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, hardness, tear resistance, barrier and damping properties, as well as flammability were investigated. The increased EVA content has shown a positive effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, hardness, relative damping, tear strength, barrier and burning delay. On the other hand, a larger amount of natural rubber provides high flexibility and promotes the creation of a reinforcing structure by the filler used. Moreover, a significant impact of the addition of cereal straw on the barrier, damping, strength and flammability properties of composites was also noted. The great advantage of the prepared compositions in relation to commercial plastics is their environmental friendliness, primarily by replacing some petroleum derivatives of plastics with natural rubber and straw fibers.

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Wen, Jin Song, Yao Huan Liang, and Zhi Min Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Elongational Flow in Polymer Vane Extruder." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.415.

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Polymer vane extruder is a new type of extrusion machine, whose plasticating and conveying method is based on elongational rheology. The vane extruder has many advantages over conventional plasticating method, such as shortening thermo-mechanical experience of plasticating and conveying, reducing the energy consumption of plasticating and conveying, and improving adaptability to diverse materials. Currently, research for characteristics of vane extruder is mostly focused on theoretical derivation and experiments. However, these methods lead to high consumption of time and energy, and cannot provide an intuitive view of the flow. In this paper, 3D finite element numerical simulation was performed to investigate the flow in one of the vane units with POLYFLOW. The elongation flow was investigated by analyzing velocity field, pressure field, local-shear-rate distribution and mixing index distribution. The results show that numerical simulation is an efficient method to optimize process parameters and the structure of vane extruder.

43

Gao, Xue-qin, Wan-gang Zhang, and Guang-hong Zhou. "Emulsion stability, thermo-rheology and quality characteristics of ground pork patties prepared with soy protein isolate and carrageenan." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95, no. 14 (December 18, 2014): 2832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7023.

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44

Borges, Maria Helena Rossy, Carmen Gilda Tavares Dias, Cristiane de Melo Alencar, Cecy Martins Silva, and Renata Antunes Esteves. "Evaluation of physical-mechanical properties of self-adhesive versus conventional resin cements." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 19 (September 1, 2020): e208204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658204.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness, diametral tensile strength, compressive strength and the rheological properties of self-adhesive versus conventional resin cements. Methods: Specimens of a conventional (RelyX ARC) and 3 self-adhesive (RelyX U200, Maxcem Elite, Bifix SE) types of resin cements were prepared. The Knoop test was used to assess the microhardness, using a Microhardness Tester FM 700. For the diametral tensile strength test, a tensile strength was applied at a speed of 0.6 mm/minute. A universal testing machine was used for the analysis of compressive strength and a thermo-controlled oscillating rheometer was used for the Rheology test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05) were used for data analysis. Results: According to microhardness analysis, all the cements were statistically similar (p>0.05), except for Maxcem that presented lower hardness compared with the other cements in relation to the top surface (p<0.05). In the diametral tensile strength test, Relyx U200 and RelyX ARC cements were statistically similar (p>0.05), presented higher value when compared to the Maxcem and Bifix cements (p<0.05). The compressive strength of RelyX ARC and Maxcem Elite cements was statistically higher than RelyX U200 and Bifix cements (p<0.05). Regarding the rheology test, Maxcem Elite and RelyX ARC cements showed a high modulus of elasticity. Conclusions: The self-adhesive cements presented poorer mechanical properties than conventional resin cement. Chemical structure and types of monomers employed interfere directly in the mechanical properties of resin cements.

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Serra-Aguila, Albert, Josep Maria Puigoriol-Forcada, Guillermo Reyes, and Joaquin Menacho. "Estimation of Tensile Modulus of a Thermoplastic Material from Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: Application to Polyamide 66." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061210.

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The mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials depend on temperature and strain rate. This study examined the development of a procedure to predict tensile moduli at different strain rates and temperatures, using experimental data from three-point-bending dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The method integrated different classical concepts of rheology to establish a closed formulation that will allow researchers save an important amount of time. Furthermore, it implied a significant decrease in the number of tests when compared to the commonly used procedure with a universal testing machine (UTM). The method was validated by means of a prediction of tensile moduli of polyamide PA66 in the linear elastic range, over a temperature range that included the glass-transition temperature. The method was applicable to thermo-rheologically simple materials under the hypotheses of isotropy, homogeneity, small deformations, and linear viscoelasticity. This method could be applicable to other thermoplastic materials, although it must be tested using these other materials to determine to what extent it can be applied reliably.

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Signori, Francesca, Jos W. H. Wennink, Simona Bronco, Jan Feijen, Marcel Karperien, Ranieri Bizzarri, and Pieter J. Dijkstra. "Aggregation and Gelation Behavior of Stereocomplexed Four-Arm PLA-PEG Copolymers Containing Neutral or Cationic Linkers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043327.

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Poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels were prepared by mixing phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solutions of four-arm (PEG-PLA)2-R-(PLA-PEG)2 enantiomerically pure copolymers having the opposite chirality of the poly(lactide) blocks. Dynamic Light Scattering, rheology measurements, and fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that, depending on the nature of the linker R, the gelation process followed rather different mechanisms. In all cases, mixing of equimolar amounts of the enantiomeric copolymers led to micellar aggregates with a stereocomplexed PLA core and a hydrophilic PEG corona. Yet, when R was an aliphatic heptamethylene unit, temperature-dependent reversible gelation was mainly induced by entanglements of PEG chains at concentrations higher than 5 wt.%. When R was a linker containing cationic amine groups, thermo-irreversible hydrogels were promptly generated at concentrations higher than 20 wt.%. In the latter case, stereocomplexation of the PLA blocks randomly distributed in micellar aggregates is proposed as the major determinant of the gelation process.

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Razavi, Seyed M. A., Ali Alghooneh, and Fataneh Behrouzian. "Thermo-rheology and thermodynamic analysis of binary biopolymer blend: A case study on sage seed gum-xanthan gum blends." Food Hydrocolloids 77 (April 2018): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.10.007.

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48

Ahmad, Ibrahim, Krzysztof Koziol, Suleyman Deveci, Hyun-Kyung Kim, and Ramachandran Kumar. "Advancing the Use of High-Performance Graphene-Based Multimodal Polymer Nanocomposite at Scale." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110947.

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The production of an innovative, high-performance graphene-based polymer nanocomposite using cost-effective techniques was pursued in this study. Well-dispersed and uniformly distributed graphene platelets within a polymer matrix, with strong interfacial bonding between the platelets and the matrix, provided an optimal nanocomposite system for industrial interest. This study reports on the reinforcement of high molecular weight multimodal-high-density polyethylene reinforced by a microwave-induced plasma graphene, using melt intercalation. The tailored process included designing a suitable screw configuration, paired with coordinating extruder conditions and blending techniques. This enabled the polymer to sufficiently degrade, predominantly through thermomechanical-degradation, as well as thermo-oxidative degradation, which subsequently created a suitable medium for the graphene sheets to disperse readily and distribute evenly within the polymer matrix. Different microscopy techniques were employed to prove the effectiveness. This was then qualitatively assessed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, rheology, mechanical testing, density measurements, thermal expansion, and thermogravimetric analysis, confirming both the originality as well as the effectiveness of the process.

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Quindoza, Gerardo Martin III, Patrick Aldwin Castillo, Jill Manapat, and John Kenneth Cruz. "PREPARATION AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE-CHITOSAN HYDROGEL FOR EXTRUSION 3D PRINTER." ASEAN Engineering Journal 12, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v12.17440.

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The application of three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering is becoming prominent nowadays. A big obstacle for this technology is the selection of proper ink material. Chitosan hydrogel is an established biocompatible material that can be used as tissue scaffolds, and it has the rheology necessary for processing via extrusion type 3D printer. However, chitosan still has degradation and swelling limitations. Hence, chitosan hydrogel blends were incorporated with cellulose particles and were prepared as ink material. The hydrogels were successfully synthesized via thermo-responsive sol-gel method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed that the gelation of hydrogels formed a semi-interpenetrating network of ionically crosslinked chitosan and cellulose particles. Rheological tests have shown that the hydrogels exhibited shear thinning property necessary for printing. However, high cellulose amounts caused clogging during printing, and the presence of water limited the structural rigidity of the printed product. Besides this, it was found that the addition of cellulose was able to increase swelling, decrease degradation rate, and decrease gelation time, but the effect is not significant for any of these three properties.

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Banaszek, Grzegorz, Kirill Ozhmegov, Anna Kawałek, Sylwester Sawicki, Alexandr Arbuz, and Abdrakhman Naizabekov. "Modeling of Closure of Metallurgical Discontinuities in the Process of Forging Zirconium Alloy." Materials 16, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 5431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155431.

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This article presents the results of testing the conditions of closing foundry voids during the hot forging operation of an ingot made of zirconium with 1% Nb alloy and use of physical and numerical modeling, continuing research presented in a previous thematically related article published in the journal Materials. The study of the impact of forging operation parameters on the rheology of zirconium with 1% Nb alloy was carried out on a Gleeble 3800 device. Using the commercial FORGE®NxT 2.1 program, a numerical analysis was performed of the influence of thermo-mechanical parameters of the hot elongation operation in trapezoidal flat and rhombic trapezoidal anvils on the closure of foundry voids. The analysis of the obtained test results was used to formulate recommendations on the technology of hot forging and the anvilgeometry, ensuring closure of foundry voids. Based on their research, the authors conclude that the shape of the deformation basin and the value and hydrostatic pressure have the greatest influences on the closure of foundry voids.

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