Статті в журналах: "Thermal solar distillation"

1

Ho, Chii-Dong. "Solar-Assisted Membrane Distillation." Membranes 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030304.

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The integration of solar power and solar thermal systems using sunlight as the fuel can work in remote arid areas to meet the freshwater demand with membrane desalination processes, which is important in considering both the low environmental impact and the production cost [...]

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2

Hadi, Nabil H., Ban Hussein Kassab, and Ali Mohammed Ali. "Distillation Using Solar Magnifying Lenses and Solar Panels." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.4.010.

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Abstract— The process of solar distillation of saline water is an important way to obtain pure water using simple and low-cost technology. Therefore, countries located in hot climates tended some experiments and researches in the solar distillation field. one of the best methods is theory of the thermal cooking by using limited dimension of basin. In this study use the basin dimensions (860 * 520 * 50 mm) with inserts (adding magnifying lenses and using a solar cell system to charge batteries that feed a 150-watt thermal wire to heat the water) to increase the efficiency of thermal cooking. According to the special ambient in the city of Baghdad for the four quarters was calculated the amount of distilled water theoretically and compared with the distillation quantities of the three basins in same at the time and location as follows: a- In the summer season, we get approximately to equal amount of distilled water equal to 3.5 liters / day and 3.75 liters / day from to (no additions effect and thermal wire effect) basin and 4.3 liters / day were obtained for the effected of the magnifying glass. b- In the autumn and spring seasons, the quantity of distilled water equal to 2.75 liters / day was obtained for the basin with no additions and 3.3 liters / day for the basin with addition a thermal wire and 3.5 liters for the basin with affected of magnifying glass effect. c- In the winter season, the quantity of distilled water equal to 1.5 liters / day was obtained for the basin with no additives and 2.2 liters / day for the addition a thermal wire basin and 1.8 liters / day for the basin with affected of the magnifying glass.

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3

Koschikowski, J., M. Wieghaus, and M. Rommel. "Solar thermal driven desalination plants based on membrane distillation." Water Supply 3, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2003): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0149.

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In arid and semi-arid regions the lack of drinkable water often corresponds with a high solar insolation. These conditions are favourable for the use of solar energy as the driving force for water treatment systems. Especially in remote rural areas with low infrastructure and without connection to a grid, smallscale, stand-alone operating systems for the desalination of brackish water from wells or salt water from the sea are desirable to provide settlements with clean potable water. Fraunhofer Institut für Solare Energiesysteme is currently developing a solar thermally driven stand alone desalination system. The aim is to develop systems for a capacity range of 0.2 to 10 m3/day. Technical simplicity, long maintenance-free operation periods and high quality potable water output are very important aims for successful applications of the systems. The separation technique that the system is based on is membrane distillation. The implemented heat source is a corrosion-free, sea water resistant thermal collector.

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4

Cui, Hong Jiang, Pei Ting Sun, and Ming Hai Li. "Experimental and Theoretic Research on Solar Power Membrane Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2300–2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2300.

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Air gap membrane distillation experiments of different temperature and mass flow rate of working fluid were done for the use of solar power and setting up the mathematical model of AGMD’ heat and mass transfer. The calculation correctness of mathematical model was discussed and the thermal efficiency of membrane distillation system was calculated. The results showed that the experimental flux of membrane distillation reached 49kg/m2•h and the biggest relative error is less than 9% between results of experiment and mathematical model calculation. The mathematical model can be used to forecast the process parameters of membrane distillation. The highest thermal efficiency of this system is 68% and the main influencing factors of thermal efficiency are temperature and mass flow rate of working fluid.

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5

Tiwari, G. N., Pankaj Saxena, and K. Thakur. "Thermal analysis of active solar distillation system." Energy Conversion and Management 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(94)90081-7.

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6

Huang, Jian, Yanwei Hu, Yijie Bai, Yurong He, and Jiaqi Zhu. "Solar membrane distillation enhancement through thermal concentration." Energy 211 (November 2020): 118720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118720.

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7

Alessandro, Francesca, Francesca Macedonio, and Enrico Drioli. "Plasmonic Phenomena in Membrane Distillation." Membranes 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030254.

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Water scarcity raises important concerns with respect to human sustainability and the preservation of important ecosystem functions. To satisfy water requirements, seawater desalination represents one of the most sustainable solutions. In recent decades, membrane distillation has emerged as a promising thermal desalination process that may help to overcome the drawbacks of traditional desalination processes. Nevertheless, in membrane distillation, the temperature at the feed membrane interface is significantly lower than that of the bulk feed water, due to the latent heat flux associated with water evaporation. This phenomenon, known as temperature polarization, in membrane distillation is a crucial issue that could be responsible for a decay of about 50% in the initial transmembrane water flux. The use of plasmonic nanostructures, acting as thermal hotspots in the conventional membranes, may improve the performance of membrane distillation units by reducing or eliminating the temperature polarization problem. Furthermore, an efficient conversion of light into heat offers new opportunities for the use of solar energy in membrane distillation. This work summarizes recent developments in the field of plasmonic-enhanced solar evaporation with a particular focus on solar-driven membrane distillation applications and its potential prospects.

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8

Getachew, Seyoum, Addisu Bekele, and Vivek Pandey. "Performance Investigation of Ethiopian Local Drinking Alcohol Distillation System Using Solar Dish Concentrator." Journal of Energy 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8478276.

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In Ethiopia, in addition to the large quantity of biomass consumption per year for daily cooking, production of the traditional local “Areke” consumes large amounts of fire wood which further accelerates deforestation. This study introduces solar-based technology for distillation of the local “Areke” using an indirect heating system. A solar parabolic dish collector with an aperture diameter of 0.9 m and an improved truncated cone cavity absorber were installed. The heat transfer process is governed by the principle of natural circulation, boiling, and condensation between a receiver and a distillation column. The experiment was conducted in Debre Birhan city at 20°C ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure of 0.722 atm. The surface temperature of the truncated cone cavity absorber attained a maximum temperature of 300.3°C, and the thermal efficiency attained by the collector was 54.6%. The production efficiency of the solar thermal local alcohol “Areke” distillation system was found to increase by 1.67% compared to the traditional firewood distillation system.

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9

Sinha, S., and G. N. Tiwari. "Thermal evaluation of concentrator-assisted solar distillation system." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 12, no. 6 (November 1992): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(92)90016-b.

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10

Pisitsungkakarn, Sumol Sae-Heng, and Pichitpon Neamyou. "Efficiency of Semi-Automatic Control Ethanol Distillation Using a Vacuum-Tube Parabolic Solar Collector." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 4688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134688.

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Thailand is an agricultural country with several agro-industrial by-products that can be processed into fuels. Although producing ethanol from agro-industrial by-products is an interesting option, the process of distilling ethanol from fermented agricultural products requires a high temperature to increase the ethanol concentration from 10% to 95%. In this research, solar ethanol distillation equipment incorporating a solar parabolic collector with a vacuum heat absorber tube to increase efficiency by reducing heat loss was designed and developed. An electronic device was used to control the distillation process, maintain the required temperature, and make suitable adjustments to the solar radiation acceptance angles of the parabolic solar collector. Ethanol dilution at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and Sato (Thai Rice Wine) were used as the reactant in the distillation process. The result of distilling ethanol distillation with a semi-automatic control using a vacuum-tube parabolic solar collector showed that the thermal efficiency of the receiver was 12.61%, 13.93%, 18.58%, and 17.40%, respectively. The thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger was 11.27%, 10.76%, 13.35%, and 12.35%, respectively. The final concentration of ethanol was 67%, 76%, 82%, and 80%, respectively, and the amount of the distilled ethanol was 330 mL, 352 mL, 398 mL, and 360 mL, respectively.

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11

Guan, Ying, and Hong Jiang Cui. "Experimentation and Mathematical Model Reseach on Air Gap Membrane Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.89.

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Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) experiments were done to reseach flux of membrane distillation at different working fluid temperature and mass flow rate. The driving power of distillation experiments is solar power. The experimental flux of membrane distillation reached 49kg/m2•h. The mathematical model of AGMD’ heat and mass transfer was set up. The biggest relative error is less than 9% between results of experiment and mathematical model calculation. The mathematical model can be used to forecast the distillation flux and the thermal efficiency.

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12

Mandi, Benaissa, Younes Menni, Rachid Maouedj, Giulio Lorenzini, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, and Sampath Emani. "Improvement and Nocturnal Extension of the Efficiency of a Solar Still." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (July 21, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631121.

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Various studies have been made to improve the efficiency of the solar still. These studies had devoted to the combination of solar collectors with solar still. This article proposes the use of all forms of solar thermal or photovoltaic energy. In addition, photovoltaic electric storage systems convert them to thermal energy that increases the temperature of a greenhouse solar still. We investigated the possibility of improving the productivity of a greenhouse still and prolong solar distillation overnight. The proposed system is the incorporation of thermal energy produced by a parabolic-cylindrical concentrator, a greenhouse still, and photovoltaic solar energy by panels. The production at 14 pm reaches 110 L/m2 thanks to the various thermal sources made up of the hybrid still. It has better productivity than other distillers. The distillation is extended in the evening thanks to a storage system using electric batteries. The production at 18 pm to 18 L/m2 is reduced at 24 pm to 5 L/m2 in the dark. The accumulated temperature decreases the negative influence of the physical parameters on the production which exceeds 100 L/m2 per day. In the evening, the production is reached 16 L/m2 at 22 pm, which is an advantage compared to other distillers.

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13

Koschikowski, Joachim, Marcel Wieghaus, and Matthias Rommel. "Solar thermal-driven desalination plants based on membrane distillation." Desalination 156, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(03)00360-6.

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14

Chaturvedi, Anupam Alok, Shweta Ashish Karnik, and Dr Sadanand Namjoshi. "Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 14, no. 01 (January 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1401011622.

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15

Zarzoum, K., M. M. Alquraish, K. Zhani, and H. Ben Bacha. "Experimental validation of membrane distillation unit coupled with direct contact membrane using solar energy." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 18 (2023): 542–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctad011.

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Abstract This paper presents an experimental validation of membrane distillation unit using solar energy which is coupled with direct contact membrane, which is placed at Kairouan University, Tunisia (35 N, 10 E) and tested on several sunny days. This unit is located as part of a cooperation project research and development between German Institute for Solar Energy Systems and Tunisian Electromechanical Systems Laboratory named: Solar driven membrane distillation for resource efficient desalination in remote areas. A theoretical model investigation as well as experimental is carried out. A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfers of the membrane distillation unit has been presented in this paper. The obtained global model of the membrane distillation unit has been converted to a set of algebraic system of equations to render them ordinary. To compare the experimental and numerical data of the mathematical model of the membrane distillation unit an example of the validation process that has been presented to assess the credibility of the obtained numerical model of membrane distillation unit, a laptop simulation program based on the global model of the unit is simulated by C++ software to solve the model of solar irradiation and all temperature on the journal productivity of the membrane distillation unit. It was shown by this study that the global mathematical model of the unit is able to predict accurately the trends of the thermal characteristic of the membrane distillation unit.

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16

Mibarki, Nawel, Zakaria Triki, Abd-Elmouneïm Belhadj, Hichem Tahraoui, Abdeltif Amrane, Sabrina Cheikh, Amina Hadadi, et al. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of Solar Air Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination." Water 15, no. 6 (March 20, 2023): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061201.

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Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is a widely utilized technology for producing drinking water due to its low heat loss, high thermal efficiency, and compatibility with solar energy. The application of the first and second laws of thermodynamics in energy and exergy analyses provides a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of thermal processes. This study aims to examine numerically the energy and exergy performance indicators of a solar AGMD system used for seawater desalination. The simulation was carried out using MATLAB 9.7 software. The total thermal efficiency and overall efficiency of each element in the AGMD system were calculated for various solar field energy outputs, and moreover, a parametric study was conducted. The results indicate that the exergetic efficiency of the AGMD system components was the lowest in the solar field, with the concentrator having the lowest energy efficiency. Additionally, the thermal and exergetic efficiency of the entire solar AGMD system decreases along with the raise of ambient temperature. An additional investigation was conducted to better apprehend the sources of exergy destruction in the solar field. The obtained results from this study can be employed as a guide to reduce exergy destruction in the whole solar AGMD desalination system with recognition of the main sources of irreversibility.

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17

Sarada, S. Naga, Banoth Hima Bindu, Sri Rama R. Devi, and Ravi Gugulothu. "Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2409.

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In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials sodium sulphate and sodium acetate are discussed in this paper. Keywords: solar energy, saline water, distillation, phase change material.

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18

Noor, Aliefia, Meri Hamdini, Salsabila Ramadina, and Yuant Tiandho. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell-Based Photovoltaic Thermal for Ethanol Distillation: A Narrative Review." Jurnal Geliga Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 8, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jgs.8.2.123-131.

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The potential for solar energy in Indonesia is abundant and attractive to be developed into one of the leading renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic or solar cells are devices that can be used to convert solar energy directly into electrical energy. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an exciting type of solar cell to be developed because it is cheap, easy, and can use natural dyes based on plant extracts. However, the performance of DSSC degrades when it is at high operating temperatures. In this article, a narrative review is presented to improve the efficiency of DSSC by integrating with a solar collector in the form of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. The solar collector will act as a heat absorbent from the DSSC, and the heat energy obtained will be used to distill ethanol. Optimization in the ethanol distillation system can take advantage of CuO as a nanoparticle in the working fluid or better know as nanofluid.

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19

Ghodasara, Janak B., and Sudhir Jain. "Evaluate Thermal Performance of Vacuum Tube Integrated Solar Distillation Unit." Invertis Journal of Renewable Energy 9, no. 4 (2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-7611.2019.00018.3.

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20

Manchanda, Himanshu, Mahesh Kumar, and G. N. Tiwari. "Thermal analysis of tilted wick solar distillation-cum-drying system." International Journal of Green Energy 16, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2018.1531873.

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21

Singh, A. K., and G. N. Tiwari. "Thermal evaluation of regenerative active solar distillation under thermosyphon mode." Energy Conversion and Management 34, no. 8 (August 1993): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(93)90105-j.

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22

Bendevis, Paul, Ayman Karam, and Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati. "Optimal model-free control of solar thermal membrane distillation system." Computers & Chemical Engineering 133 (February 2020): 106622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.106622.

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23

Tiwari, G. N., Vimal Dimri, Usha Singh, Arvind Chel, and Bikash Sarkar. "Comparative thermal performance evaluation of an active solar distillation system." International Journal of Energy Research 31, no. 15 (December 2007): 1465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1314.

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24

S, Gideon Devairakkam, Bavin Kumar S, Barath Kumar S, Kamalesh S, and Akilesh M. "Design and Analysis of Grey Water Purifier for Agricultural Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46936.

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Abstract: Increase in population in urban areas with lacking drinking water, there is a critical need to sort out the problems caused by the problems caused by energy and water as they are most common and essential part the human life. In this modern society the balancing of energy and adequate water supply with ergonomic surrounding is most important. These problems can short out by implementing Reverse osmosis (RO) system or by Conventional thermal distillation method. Utilising solar thermal energy membrane water distillation process represents a renewable energy and eco-friendly system. In ecologically perspective water demand in cities and urban areas are sorted by building environments in regions with a high correlation between water shortage and high solar rays. The main objective of this research is to treat the grey water with renewable energy system with cost effective manner

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25

YANBOLAGH, Davoud Javadı, Alireza SARAEI, Hossein MAZAHERI, and Saeed Jafari MEHRABADI. "Exergoeconomic, environmental, economic, and energy-matrices (4E) analysis of three solar distillation systems equipped with condenser and different heaters." Journal of Thermal Engineering 7, no. 7 (November 19, 2021): 1640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1025916.

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26

Nguyen, Kim Thanh, Hung Cong Duong, and Lan Thi Thu Tran. "Synthesis and investigation of a novel nanocomposite for improved solar radiation absorbance of MD membranes." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 5A (November 12, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/5a/15221.

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Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising technology for seawater desalination to provide drinking water. The most considerable advantage of MD is the capacity to utilize thermal energy to reduce the energy cost of the solar-driven MD seawater desalination systems. However, limited thermal efficiency is one of the key challenges that prevent the wide application of MD for seawater desalination. Due to low thermal efficiency, most solar-driven MD systems require large and complex arrays of solar thermal collectors, leading to the significantly high investment costs of the MD systems. MD membranes coated with solar radiation absorbing materials have been proposed for the solar-driven MD process to obviate the need for large arrays of solar thermal collectors. In this study, we synthesized a novel black spinel-carbon nanocomposite for MD membrane coating to improve the solar radiation absorbance of the membrane, thus enhancing thermal efficiency of the MD system. The preliminary experimental results demonstrated that the black spinel-carbon nanocomposite could absorb light at a wider wavelength range from visible to far-red; therefore, they exhibited increased solar radiation absorbance and hence heating efficiency compared with single materials.

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Özcan, Yasin, and Emrah Deniz. "Solar thermal waste heat energy recovery in solar distillation systems by using thermoelectric generators." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 40 (April 2023): 101362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2023.101362.

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Chávez, S., H. Terres, A. Lizardi, A. Lara, M. Reyes, and E. Andrade. "Study of Evaporative Heat and Mass Transfer in Solar Distillation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2307, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2307/1/012007.

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Abstract In this work, the assessment of 3 experimental tests on a solar still is presented, where 4, 5 and 6 L of brine were utilized. Data of temperature in several parts of the device and of solar radiation were obtained, besides, the outlet volume water was measured every 5 minutes during a timelapse from 10:00 am to 18:00 pm, which is compared through a study of heat and mass transfer due to evaporation, with the aim of predicting de amount of distilled volume. Experimental results show that 2.7, 2.2 and 1.8 L are distilled for the initial volumes of 4, 5 and 6 L, respectively. However, when Dunkle’s thermal model is applied, the resulting distilled volumes are 2.2 2 and 1.7 L for the initial volumes of 4,5 and 6 L, respectively. This analysis indicates that the chosen thermal model has an error of approximately 4% compared with experiments. However, this model can be used to estimate accurately the outlet volume of distilled fluid.

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Pannucharoenwong, Nattadon, Phadungsak Rattanadecho, Snunkhaem Echaroj, Suwipong Hemathulin, and Kriengkrai Nabudda. "The Investigation of Heat Absorber on the Efficiency of Slanted Double-Slope Solar Distillation Unit." International Journal of Heat and Technology 38, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.380308.

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A rise in utility consumption in rural areas have promoted the demand for the development of solar-based technologies for water purification system. This research aimed to develop a slanted double-slope solar distillation unit (SDSD) assisted by heat absorbers, which is employed as a distillation unit for generating clear distilled water from underground water. The prototype SDSD distillation unit developed in this research was evaluated based on production efficiency, productivity, distillation rate and temperature measured at different locations inside the device. Significant parameters that were varied included the types of heat absorber used (gasket, rubber, aluminum, high carbon steel and zinc) and the size of heat absorber (10 to 90% of surface area inside the SDSD). Results demonstrated an increase in the production of distilled water as the surface area of heat absorber decreases. This is because a reduction in surface area of the heat absorber allowed a more intense sunlight to enter the system. Maximum productivity peaked at 1.2 liter per day (24.9% efficiency). Monitored data in both the upper and bottom part of the distillation unit revealed the highest distillation rate at 15:00 each day. Distillation rate decreases with water height and insulator’s thermal conductivity, but increase with water speed. Additionally, a mathematical model was proposed which was capable of accurately predicting the production efficiency and productivity as a function of the heat absorber’s size and distillation time. Under the same operating conditions, aluminum was found to generate the best results relative to other types of heat absorber.

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30

Cipollina, Andrea, Corrado Sommariva, and Giorgio Micale. "Efficiency increase in thermal desalination plants by matching thermal and solar distillation: theoretical analysis." Desalination 183, no. 1-3 (November 2005): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.024.

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31

Pablo Vargas-B., J., Santiago L. Pérez-García, Alejandro J. García-Cuéllar, and Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio. "Thermal analysis of a solar distillation system for ethanol-water solutions." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 5, no. 4 (July 2013): 043119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4816499.

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32

Joo, Hong-Jin, In-Seon Hwang, and Hee-Youl Kwak. "Development of Multi Effect Distillation for Solar Thermal Seawater Desalination System." Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7836/kses.2011.31.1.001.

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Xue, Guobin, Qian Chen, Shizhe Lin, Jiangjiang Duan, Peihua Yang, Kang Liu, Jia Li, and Jun Zhou. "Highly Efficient Water Harvesting with Optimized Solar Thermal Membrane Distillation Device." Global Challenges 2, no. 5-6 (May 24, 2018): 1800001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201800001.

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34

Chen, Tsung-Ching, Chii-Dong Ho, Jia-Jan Guo, and Jr-Wei Tu. "A study on membrane distillation by a solar thermal-driven system." Heat Transfer—Asian Research 36, no. 7 (2007): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.20172.

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35

Bergal, Sneha, Onkar Deshmukh, and Prof A. D. Zope. "Development of Solar still using Thermosyphon Effect." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 7099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53368.

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Abstract: Thermal energy is a crucial important part of the economic growth of a country. The source of energy is constant, but consumption is growing exponentially over the last few years. In the traditional way of living, thermal energy is vitally used for air heating, water heating, cooking, etc. All these daily chores contribute to the huge amount of thermal energy consumption. A Solar still is designed to improve the performance and efficiency with the help of thermosyphon effect for fulfilling these daily needs. Brief experimentation was carried out to enhance the performance of Solar still compared to conventional solar still. Where conventional solar still have efficiency of mere 20% or less, the new proposed design provides higher efficiency and better utility .The purpose of this project is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly any source, a system that is relatively cheap, portable, and depends only on renewable solar energy

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36

Fan, Lijun, and Jiedong Cui. "Capacity optimization of renewable energy microgrid considering hydropower cogeneration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032068.

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Abstract This paper proposes a renewable energy system based on photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and solar thermal power generation, combining thermal power plants with low-temperature multi-effect distillation. Through the electric heater and the thermal storage system photovoltaic and wind power will spare capacity in the form of heat energy, at the same time by thermal power generation system to maintain the stability of the power supply, run under constant output scheduling policy, to the levelling of the smallest energy cost and the design of power rate of maximum satisfaction as the goal, using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the best combination of capacity, this system is established. At the same time, combined with low-temperature multi-effect distillation, compared with reverse osmosis seawater desalination cost is lower, reduce energy consumption, has a good application prospect.

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37

Sengar, S. H., T. V. Chavda, and Alok Singh. "Development and evaluation of plastic based solar still for production of distilled water." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1208.

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Solar still was developed and evaluated at Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dediapada. The average yield of distilled water in developed solar still varied from 1055-1498 ml/m 2 -day during winter and summer where as in already developed still varied 1350 to 1550 ml /m 2 day . Thermal efficiency of developed solar still was found as 20 per cent .The physicochemical analysis was carried out to examine the effect of distillation on tap water. A drastic reduction in the TDS, Chlorides, Calcium hardness and magnesium hardness, dissolved silica was observed through solar distillation. The payback period of the unit was only 6 months and after that period the unit produced net profit. The manufacturing cost of this developed solar still was only Rs. 1640/- which was totally manufactured in plastic material so no any corrosive material came in contact for changing the property of distilled water as output. Cleaning of solar still could be easily carried out by just removing the w shape dome of developed device which cannot be possible in available solar still in market.

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38

Wang, Zhangxin, Thomas Horseman, Anthony P. Straub, Ngai Yin Yip, Deyu Li, Menachem Elimelech, and Shihong Lin. "Pathways and challenges for efficient solar-thermal desalination." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (July 2019): eaax0763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0763.

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Solar-thermal desalination (STD) is a potentially low-cost, sustainable approach for providing high-quality fresh water in the absence of water and energy infrastructures. Despite recent efforts to advance STD by improving heat-absorbing materials and system designs, the best strategies for maximizing STD performance remain uncertain. To address this problem, we identify three major steps in distillation-based STD: (i) light-to-heat energy conversion, (ii) thermal vapor generation, and (iii) conversion of vapor to water via condensation. Using specific water productivity as a quantitative metric for energy efficiency, we show that efficient recovery of the latent heat of condensation is critical for STD performance enhancement, because solar vapor generation has already been pushed toward its performance limit. We also demonstrate that STD cannot compete with photovoltaic reverse osmosis desalination in energy efficiency. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of factors other than energy efficiency, including cost, ease of maintenance, and applicability to hypersaline waters.

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Abed, Qahtan A., Dhafer M. Hachim, and Wisam A. Abd Al-Wahid. "Performance of cylindrical solar still with hemispherical cover: CFD simulation study." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128602005.

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Solar distillation collectors are the device that runs on freshwater products. The solar still is one solar thermal technology for purification of water. This technique is employed to convert saline water into freshwater. At this time, the human being increased freshwater required consumption because of the increasing population density. The thermal analysis of a new design of cylindrical solar still (CSS) with hemispherical cover has been studied. A computer simulation model was improved to investigate its performance. The 2D symmetry simulation models of cylindrical solar still have been validated. The simulation model can emulate the temperature value of different points inside the CSS. The simulation results confirm an acceptable agreement with the experimental result was reported in the literature. From this simulation, it was noted that the freshwater product from the cylindrical solar still obtains the maximum daily productivity of 6.1 kg/m2 as compared to a traditional single slope solar still SSS as 3.18 kg/m2 during the day.

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40

Alsehli, M., B. Saleh, A. Elfasakhany, Ayman A. Aly, and M. M. Bassuoni. "Experimental study of a novel solar multi-effect distillation unit using alternate storage tanks." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.068.

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Abstract In recent years, the use of solar energy has been growing exponentially and applied in a wider range of applications; one of the important applications for using solar energy is water desalination. The current work investigates the proof of concept experimental setup for a novel solar multi-effect distillation (MED) using alternate storage tanks. The experimental setup consists of a MED unit, two thermal storage tanks, and a solar collector. One storage tank is used as a charging tank while the other tank is used as a discharging tank. This unique dual-tank system stores the thermal energy to be used later in the MED unit, which improves the control of the water mass flow rate and water temperature throughout the MED process. The peak temperature achieved every day in the charging tank determines the MED production capacity. This system is designed for the tanks to alternate roles every 24 hours. The testing of this design was carried out during May 2019 in Saudi Arabia. The experimental results prove the novel concept design to work efficiently providing an average production rate of about 21 kg/day with total solar collector area of 2.7 m2 and average daily performance ratio of 2.5.

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González-Almenara, Rafael, Pablo Rodríguez de Arriba, Francesco Crespi, David Sánchez, Antonio Muñoz, and Tomás Sánchez-Lencero. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles for Concentrated Solar Power Plants: A Possible Alternative for Solar Desalination." Processes 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010072.

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This manuscript investigates the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycle employed in the power block of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants—solar tower—as an alternative for solar desalination, developed with either distillation or reverse osmosis. This concept is investigated as a possible up-scaling of the SOLMIDEFF project, originally based on a hot-air micro gas turbine combined with a solar dish collector. For the upscaled concept, five different sCO2 cycles are considered, chosen amongst the best-performing configurations proposed in the literature for CSP applications, and modelled with Thermoflex software. The influence of ambient conditions is studied, considering two minimum cycle temperatures (35 °C and 50 °C), corresponding to Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Abu Dhabi, respectively. The results show that the low temperatures at the inlet of the heat rejection unit compromise the viability of distillation technologies. On the other hand, the high thermal efficiency achieved by these cycles, especially with the recompression and partial cooling layouts, reduces the specific energy consumption when combined with reverse osmosis (RO), below that of photovoltaic (PV)+RO. Feed-water preheating is explored as a solution to further reduce energy consumption, concluding that its actual interest is not clear and strongly depends on the location considered and the corresponding water quality standards.

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42

Habib, MOHAMMED A., and SHEDID H. SHAMS EL-DIN. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR t PREDICTING THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR DISTILLATION UNITS." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2001.71132.

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43

Karanikola, Vasiliki, Sarah E. Moore, Akshay Deshmukh, Robert G. Arnold, Menachem Elimelech, and A. Eduardo Sáez. "Economic performance of membrane distillation configurations in optimal solar thermal desalination systems." Desalination 472 (December 2019): 114164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2019.114164.

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44

Mibarki, Nawel, Zakaria Triki, Abd-Elmouneïm Belhadj, Hichem Tahraoui, Meriem Zamouche, Mohammed Kebir, Abdeltif Amrane, Jie Zhang, and Lotfi Mouni. "An Effective Standalone Solar Air Gap Membrane Distillation Plant for Saline Water Desalination: Mathematical Model, Optimization." Water 15, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061141.

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Several drinking water production techniques are being established to respond immediately to the growing needs of the population. The system of air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is the best attractive option for the process of water desalination. This thermal process is characterized by its potential to provide drinking water at low energy costs when combined with solar energy. In this paper, the AGMD brackish water desalination unit potentialities coupled with solar energy were investigated. Ghardaïa of the south region has been considered as the field of our study. Mathematical modeling is investigated by employing MATLAB software to develop the prediction of the permeate flux related to the phenomena of heat and mass transfer. Herein, flat plate solar collectors (SFPC) were exploited as a source for heating saline water through free solar energy conversion. The further model validation of a flat solar collector made it possible for following the instantaneous evolution of the collector outlet temperature depending on the feed water temperature and the flow rate. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the results prove the possibility to produce water by the solar AGMD process with a maximum permeate flux of 8 kg·m−2·h−1 achieved at 68 °C, a feed temperature. Moreover, gained output ratio (GOR) of the unit of thermal solar desalination was estimated to be about 4.6, which decreases with increasing hot water flow and temperature.

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45

A. Jasim, Maryam, Omer K. Ahmed, and Yaser Alaiwi. "Performance of solar stills integrated with PV/Thermal solar collectors: A review." NTU Journal of Renewable Energy 4, no. 1 (May 26, 2023): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.56286/ntujre.v4i1.456.

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All Earth's life forms depend heavily on water. Despite the critical importance of fresh water in the modern world, water pollution caused by industry and increasing urbanization has significantly reduced the amount of pure water available on Earth. Changes in global climate and seasons also contribute significantly to the depletion of fresh water resources. Population growth over the past few decades has increased the demand for safe drinking water. Multiple water-borne diseases can result from drinking contaminated water, and depending on the level of pollution, this could even be fatal. There are several ways to purify polluted water, but solar distillation is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly option because it mimics the hydrological processes seen in nature and can be powered by the sun alone. Solar stills provide drinkable water and don't call for any special expertise to operate or maintain. An integrated PV/T solar still is a welcome solution for distant locations that already struggle with access to safe drinking water and dependable electricity. According to research, a passive solar still produced 2–5 kg/m2 of fresh water daily whereas an active solar still connected to a PV/T collector could produce 6–12 kg/m2 of fresh water daily. In this paper, we provide a complete investigation of the solar still coupling and PV module coupling levels at the moment.

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46

Kumar, Laveet, Jahanzaib Soomro, Hafeez Khoharo, and Mamdouh El Haj Assad. "A comprehensive review of solar thermal desalination technologies for freshwater production." AIMS Energy 11, no. 2 (2023): 293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023016.

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<abstract> <p>This review is inspired by the increasing shortage of fresh water in areas of the world, and is written in response to the expanding demand for sustainable technologies due to the prevailing crisis of depleting natural water resources. It focuses on comprehending different solar energy-based technologies. Since the increasing population has resulted in the rising demand for freshwater, desalination installation volume is rapidly increasing globally. Conventional ways of desalination technologies involve the use of fossil fuels to extract thermal energy which imparts adverse impacts on the environment. To lessen the carbon footprint left by energy-intensive desalination processes, the emphasis has shifted to using renewable energy sources to drive desalination systems. The growing interest in combining solar energy with desalination with an emphasis on increasing energy efficiency has been sparked by the rapid advancements in solar energy technology, particularly solar thermal. This review paper aims to reflect various developments in solar thermal desalination technologies and presents prospects of solar energy-based desalination techniques. This paper reviews direct and indirect desalination techniques coupled with solar energy, and goes on to explain recent trends in technologies. This review also summarizes the emerging trends in the field of solar thermal desalination technologies. The use of nanoparticles and photo-thermal materials for localized heating in solar desalination systems has decreased energy consumption and enhanced the efficiency of the system. Solar power combined with emerging processes like membrane distillation (MD) has also a recent resurgence.</p> </abstract>

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Radomska, Ewelina, Lukasz Mika, Karol Sztekler, and Wojciech Kalawa. "Experimental Validation of the Thermal Processes Modeling in a Solar Still." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082321.

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Passive solar distillation is cheap and energy-efficient technology but its main disadvantage is low productivity. Thus, there are many attempts to improve solar stills’ productivity, and one of them is changing the mass of the water. This paper presents the results of validation of the thermal processes modeling in a solar still (SS). In order to validate the model, the experimental studies were conducted in a laboratory to ensure uniform climatic conditions. The studies were carried out for 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg of water under three different solar irradiance conditions. The results show that 10 kg and 20 kg of water ensure the highest and the lowest daily productivity, respectively, independently of solar irradiance. When the water mass is 10 kg, the solar still’s productivity is 800 mL/m2/day, 3732 mL/m2/day, and 9392 mL/m2/day for low, medium, and high solar irradiance, respectively. Additionally, it is found that reducing the water mass from 20 kg to 10 kg can improve solar still’s productivity by a maximum value of 21.6%, which is obtained for low solar irradiance. The proposed mathematical model allows predicting the performance of the SS. The results of the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the results of the experiments. The minimum and maximum deviation between the actual and theoretical productivity of the SS is 1.1% and 8.3%, respectively.

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48

Dongare, Pratiksha D., Alessandro Alabastri, Oara Neumann, Peter Nordlander, and Naomi J. Halas. "Solar thermal desalination as a nonlinear optical process." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (June 17, 2019): 13182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905311116.

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The ever-increasing global need for potable water requires practical, sustainable approaches for purifying abundant alternative sources such as seawater, high-salinity processed water, or underground reservoirs. Evaporation-based solutions are of particular interest for treating high salinity water, since conventional methods such as reverse osmosis have increasing energy requirements for higher concentrations of dissolved minerals. Demonstration of efficient water evaporation with heat localization in nanoparticle solutions under solar illumination has led to the recent rapid development of sustainable, solar-driven distillation methods. Given the amount of solar energy available per square meter at the Earth’s surface, however, it is important to utilize these incident photons as efficiently as possible to maximize clean water output. Here we show that merely focusing incident sunlight into small “hot spots” on a photothermally active desalination membrane dramatically increases––by more than 50%––the flux of distilled water. This large boost in efficiency results from the nearly exponential dependence of water vapor saturation pressure on temperature, and therefore on incident light intensity. Exploiting this inherent but previously unrecognized optical nonlinearity should enable the design of substantially higher-throughput solar thermal desalination methods. This property provides a mechanism capable of enhancing a far wider range of photothermally driven processes with supralinear intensity dependence, such as light-driven chemical reactions and separation methods.

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Alquraish, Mohammed M., Sami Mejbri, Khaled A. Abuhasel, and Khalifa Zhani. "Experimental Investigation of a Pilot Solar-Assisted Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation." Membranes 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050336.

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This research deals with the process of water desalination, involving an experimental design used to study a new prototype of a solar membrane distillation plant based on the weather conditions of Kairouan City, Tunisia. In this experiment, the pilot is left autonomous with the sun as the only source of energy. The operating process of a desalination plant consists of solar energy provided by the sun using solar energy collectors, which provide energy through their photovoltaic panels for heating brackish water. Additionally, the membrane used in this study was of the spiral wound design, which allowed for a compact arrangement besides effective internal heat recovery. The system start-up was successfully carried out and experimental studies were launched on various days of August 2020. During the experiment, the average production was approximately 15.92 L/m2 ap per day while the distillate’s electoral conductivity amounted to 1865 μS/cm. Calculations revealed that the specific thermal energy consumption for the system ranged between 90 and 310 kWh/m3.

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Ye, Miaomiao, Kehang Zhu, Jiahao Gao, Rong Chen, and Tuqiao Zhang. "A carbon black floating film for seawater desalination based on interfacial solar heating." Water Supply 19, no. 7 (April 29, 2019): 1938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.070.

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Abstract Superhydrophobic carbon black (CB) nanoparticles were prepared by deposition of a monolayer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) on their surfaces. A thin CB floating film was assembled under solar light irradiance with the assistance of the water's surface tension and the water molecules' thermal motion. The formation of a thin floating film with suitable CB dose significantly enhanced the water evaporation rate, which was 1.9, 3.0, and 7.2 times higher than that without formation of a CB film, CB nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in water, and pure water, respectively. The temperature difference between the two air–water interfaces with and without the CB floating film was as high as 20.1 °C, which strongly confirms the interfacial heating behavior. There was no decrease of water evaporation rate over the whole measured period of 30 days, which undoubtedly reveals the excellent stability and durability of the CB floating film. Finally, a real seawater sample was used for solar distillation and the typical water-quality indexes before and after solar distillation were compared.

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