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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 21 вересня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

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Maruyama, Yu, and Kazuo Yoshida. "Thermal-Hydraulics to risk assessment." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 63, no. 7 (2021): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.63.7_517.

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Ui, Atsushi. "Thermal-Hydraulics to risk assessment." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 63, no. 7 (2021): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.63.7_523.

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Narumiya, Yoshiyuki. "Thermal-Hydraulics to risk assessment." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 63, no. 7 (2021): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.63.7_529.

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4

Leveneur, Sébastien, Lionel Estel, and Cyril Crua. "Thermal risk assessment of vegetable oil epoxidation." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 122, no. 2 (June 20, 2015): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4793-8.

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Lee, Heung Su, Sung Ho Hong, and Moon Woo Park. "Fire Risk Assessment of Energy Storage System Based on Case Studies Using Risk Matrix Method." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 12, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2022.5.29.

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Анотація:
Energy Storage System (ESS) is a facility that can store electricity and supply power when needed, and is a very necessary element for new and renewable energy generation. Thermal runaway fires can occur due to various causes in ESS. These fires can cause different damage depending on the building structure and other building disaster prevention facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the fire risk by deriving the frequency of occurrence of the cause of fire in the ESS and checking the severity factor that determines the damage scale. In this study, fire risk assessment of ESS was performed using risk matrix method. The risk assessment was conducted based on data collected based on fire cases and field investigations. Through risk assessment, it was confirmed that the main causes of ESS fires were EMS/BMS errors and battery abnormalities. In addition, as the structure of the ESS building is fire-resistant, the fire compartment is set, and the separation distance between battery facilities is larger, the damage caused by a fire is smaller.
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Rybakowski, Marek, Grzegorz Dudarski, Alena Očkajová, and Ján Stebila. "Assessment of the Fire Risk and Thermal Resistance of Tyres." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1771.

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The paper assessed the fire risk of the summer tyres marks Kormoran on the base of thermogravimetric analysis complemented by the analysis and determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the decomposition products. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed in an atmosphere of air with flow rate of 4 l/min. During the thermal analysis, the samples were loaded with temperatures from 20 to 550 °C, in the first case by rate of heating 5 °C/min and in second case by 10°C/min. The results of thermal analysis shown that the thermal decomposition of the samples at a heating rate of 5 °C/min started at 320 °C and from the temperature of 370 °C thermal decomposition pass intensively. At a heating rate of 10 °C/min, thermal decomposition of the samples started at 360 °C, from the temperature of 420 °C thermal decomposition pass intensively. The measured concentrations of CO in combustion gases showed that the thermal decomposition of tyres is accompanied by a significant release of gas. The results also shown that the thermal decomposition of the investigated tyres coupled with the release of CO starts at temperatures around 320 °C. That temperature cannot be considered as safe in the medium and long-term exposure.
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He, Jing, Li Jing Zhang, Gang Tao, and Xin Qi Dai. "Quantitative Fire Risk Assessment of Gas Pipeline Leakage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.402.

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Fire risk of gas pipeline leakage is high.The factors contributing to gas pipeline leakage most are third party damage, corrosion, design and incorrect operation. The accident consequences of gas pipeline leakage and quantitative risk assessment method of gas pipeline leakage consequence are analyzed. In order to achieve quantitative fire risk assessment of gas pipeline leakage, flash fire model, vapor cloud explosion model and thermal radiation damage criterion are analyzed. Firstly, the gas leakage quantity is estimated. Then, the heat radiation estimate flux, the thermal dose and damage range are got by using flash fire model, vapor cloud explosion model and the thermal radiation damage criterion respectively.Combined with an example of gas pipeline, damage ranges of different disaster patterns are estimated according to different gas pipeline leakage pattern. Through comparing the accident consequences of gas pipeline leakage, this paper provides some reliable scientific references for gas pipeline management departments.
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Emborg, Mats, and Stig Bernander. "Assessment of Risk of Thermal Cracking in Hardening Concrete." Journal of Structural Engineering 120, no. 10 (October 1994): 2893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1994)120:10(2893).

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Dougdag, Mourad, Rafaël Fernandez, and Damien Lamberts. "Risk assessment of thermal striping in MYRRHA research reactor." Nuclear Engineering and Design 319 (August 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.04.031.

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Murasawa, Naoharu, Hiroshi Koseki, Xin-Rui Li, Yusaku Iwata, and Takabumi Sakamoto. "Study on Thermal Behaviour and Risk Assessment of Biomass Fuels." International Journal of Energy Engineering 2, no. 5 (December 1, 2012): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ijee.20120205.08.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

1

Folegot, Silvia. "A risk assessment framework for quantifying drought impacts on thermal and water extremes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8657/.

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By deploying Fibre-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing, this thesis aims to improve understanding of the influences of drought-induced low flows, surface water warmings, shifts between up- and downwelling flows, and hydroclimatological controls on surface water and streambed temperature dynamics. First, the potential drought impacts on surface water and streambed temperature patterns of lowland streams are quantified. Second, high-resolution streambed sediments temperature distributions following altered groundwater-surface water exchange under distinct increased surface water temperatures are analysed. Third, the hyporheic refuge hypothesis is tested at high spatio-temporal resolution under different groundwater-surface water exchange and warming scenarios. Fourth, high-resolution seasonal variability in streambed sediments temperature distributions of a forested stream reach is quantified. The main outcomes are: 1) surface water and streambed temperature patterns in co-evolved vegetated artificial lowland streams varied with water level; 2) the direction of groundwater-surface water exchange impacted on the transfer of thermal stress into gravel streambeds under different warming scenarios; 3) alterations of the direction of groundwater-surface water exchange influenced the potential of the hyporheic zone of gravel streambeds to provide a refuge under warming; 4) seasonal variations of streambed temperatures in a forested stream reach are primarily driven by hydroclimatological conditions.
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RIBEIRO, JUNIOR JOAQUIM A. "Um estudo simplificado da percepção pública dos benefícios e riscos de centrais termonucleares - sugestões para a comunicação de valor com o público." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11504.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Ordaz, Irian. "A probabilistic and multi-objective conceptual design methodology for the evaluation of thermal management systems on air-breathing hypersonic vehicles." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26478.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri N.; Committee Member: German, Brian J.; Committee Member: Osburg, Jan; Committee Member: Ruffin, Stephen M.; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel P.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Junior, Joaquim Apparecido Ribeiro. "Um estudo simplificado da percepção pública dos benefícios e riscos de centrais termonucleares - sugestões para a comunicação de valor com o público." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85133/tde-18052012-135612/.

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Анотація:
A comunicação de riscos vem se tornando uma atividade indispensável à formação de uma opinião pública que avalie de uma forma racional e equilibrada a construção de novas centrais nucleares em países que utilizam ou pretendam utilizar esta tecnologia. Favorecidos pela tradição de considerar que a ciência é suficiente para convencer qualquer cidadão ao provar o domínio sobre o processo, as organizações nucleares organizam-se para tal empreendimento dando preferência às explicações técnicas, às minuciosidades relacionadas ao risco destas instalações. Entre os cidadãos comuns, no entanto, a percepção do risco é subjetiva e, portanto não é nivelada com a percepção que tais esforços de comunicação de risco tentam propor. Algumas vezes tal percepção é subestimada e, mais frequentemente, exagerada. A maximização ou até a extrapolação desta da percepção de risco é incentivada pela mídia sensacionalista e movimentos de defesa do meio ambiente. Este trabalho estuda a percepção e a considera como relevante neste esforço de promover a aceitação das usinas termonucleares propondo abandonar o discurso tradicional de riscos e aumentar os esforços em comunicar benefícios, de forma similar à propostas de marketing para produtos, serviços ou, como neste caso, a venda de uma idéia. Há uma revisão bibliográfica de conceitos de risco, de comunicação de riscos e de marketing. Em seguida, um estudo prático com base em centenas de entrevistas com estudantes de diversos níveis da região metropolitana da grande São Paulo. O estudo traz importantes informações sobre a forma como tais pessoas percebem as usinas termonucleares, seus benefícios e quais os atores que as influenciam positiva ou negativamente neste processo.
Public acceptance of the nuclear based electricity generation depends on many variables that can be affected by circumstances and interests, which although seemingly not close to the issue, can strongly influence the final outcome. Explicit or consented positions assumed by opinion makers and some segments of society are subject to episodic waves of interaction through the media and they permeate to the public in a process that is very complex to be fully understood. The modeling of such process is a very complicated undertaking, and gives no assurance of practical results concerning to what, how and who, should be given prominence in the interactions with the media and the general public. In this context, the risk communication has assumed a leading role and, as a consequence, most of the interaction with the public has been done with both defensive language and content. This study has tried a simple and practical approach to the problem, in such a way as to gather some interesting subsidies to treat this issue in a different way. The basic assumption is that in a similar way as individuals base their decision to acquire a new good or service on a \"intuitive\" cost-benefit judgment, society (as a collection of individuals) also manifest their acceptance (or not) with respect to industrial installations and undertakings by comparing risks and benefits according to their perception. An exploratory survey was carried out in a few high schools, colleges and MBA courses in the state of Sâo Paulo, Brazil. A first part was aimed to catch and understand the public perception of. (a) the Intrinsic value of the electric energy, (b) the need to universalize the access to electricity, (c) nuclear plants, (d) the acceptance deficit of nuclear power as compared to other sources of energy, (e) the benefits a nuclear plant can bring, (f) who does and who does not deserves credibility to speak about nuclear plants. The second part was addressed to grasp a picture of more relevant distortions concerned to the public perception of a nuclear power plant risks. The analysis of the survey results and the utilization of a model inspired by the marketing way of value communication suggest a different approach to the communication with the public concerning to nuclear power plants. In this proposal, named Value Strategy, a matrix of risks vs. benefits is segmented in nine regions, where the central region corresponds to the current situation and the others show the possible (hypothetical) future situations after the installation of a nuclear power plant. There are three favorable regions, inductives of acceptance and three unfavorable ones, or routed to rejection. Based on the understanding of the targeted public, as partially revealed by the survey, different nuances can be emphasized in the communication to maximize its effect, without any detour to ethical behavior. Results also disclose various complementary subsidies to help the communication strategy, mainly regarded to the communication agents and to the more effective argument areas according to factors such as: sex, age ranges and educational level.
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Issaoui, Maha. "Approche évaluative des effets physiques de l'élastographie par ondes de cisaillement en vue de son application clinique pendant la grossesse." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS022.

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L'Elastographie par onde de cisaillement ou ShearWave Elastography (SWE) est une technique échographique de caractérisation tissulaire permettant de mesurer in vivo les propriétés élastiques des tissus vivants. Le champ d’application de ce mode est large et a prouvé son utilité dans plusieurs domaines, mais il n’inclut pas le domaine obstétrical malgré son intérêt clinique potentiel. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans l’évaluation des effets sanitaires de la SWE dans le domaine de la périnatalité. Il s’appuie sur deux articles publiés et un article soumis dans des revues à comité de lecture international. Dans un premier temps, une revue de la littérature scientifique a permis de décrire les principes physiques fondamentaux des ultrasons, les différentes variantes des méthodes élastographiques, et surtout la technique SWE développé par la société Supersonic Imagine (SSI), le CHU Estaing à Clermont Ferrand ayant acquis un échographe de cette marque (modèle AIXPLORER®). Dans une seconde partie, en s’appuyant sur la méthode d’Evaluation Quantitative de Risque Sanitaire (méthode EQRS), nous avons tenté d’identifier les effets et les risques sanitaires associés aux ultrasons, d’une manière générale, et plus spécifiquement liés à l’utilisation de techniques d’élastographie sur le foetus [Article 1]. Deux effets biologiques des ultrasons ont été identifiés : un effet mécanique et un effet thermique. La radiation énergétique de l’onde de « push » a été considéré comme le facteur de risque potentiel. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons initié l’étude ELASTORISK-I afin d’évaluer l’effet thermique de cette technique élastographique. Cette étude étant éthiquement inenvisageable chez des foetus humains, elle a été réalisée en deux parties : une étude sur un tissu biologique porcin [Article 2] puis sur un phantom physique homogène (Casper-1) représentatif des tissus foetaux [Article 3].La première partie de l’Etude ELASTORISK-I (article 2, chapitre 3) reposait sur une mesure comparative par caméra infrarouge, en conditions expérimentales identiques, de l’échauffement lié aux techniques échographiques (SWE, Doppler pulsé et B-mode) sur un tissu biologique de porcin. L’objectif était de quantifier cet échauffement et de démontrer l'intérêt et la pertinence de la thermographie infrarouge, qui est une technique non invasive de mesure de la température de surface en champ complet. Cette étude a montré que la thermographie infrarouge pourrait être une approche expérimentale complémentaire aux thermocouples qui sont actuellement la référence. Les résultats ont révèlé que l’échauffement le plus important était associé à la SWE.La deuxième partie d’ELATORISK-I (article 3, chapitre 4) a été dans la continuité de notre réflexion sur la quantification et l’évaluation, dans une approche comparative, de l’échauffement lié aux différentes modalités échographique (SWE, Doppler pulsé et mode-B) en utilisant des thermocouples placés dans un phantom imitant le tissu humain (Casper-1). Les résultats de cette étude ont confirmé les données obtenues en thermographie.Ce travail de thèse a apporté des connaissances sur l’effets biologiques de l’utilisation de SWE et a contribué à initier le débat au sein de la communauté scientifique sur le sujet des risques sanitaires potentiels de l’utilisation SWE en imagerie foetale. Il ouvre le champ à d’autres expérimentations, en particulier en phantom hétérogène intégrant des « tissus osseux » (casper-2) et incite investiguer les effets mécaniques (déplacements créés par l’onde de « push » = étude ELASTORISK-II (en cours))
Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an ultrasound technique used to measure in vivo the elastic properties of tissues. The area of application of this mode is widespread and has proved its relevance in several areas, but it does not include the obstetrical field regardless of its potential clinical interest. This thesis research is part of the evaluation of the health effects of SWE in the field of perinatal care. It is based on two published articles and one article submitted in international peer-reviewed journals. First, a review of the scientific literature described the fundamental physical principles of ultrasound, the different variants of elastographic methods, and especially, the SWE technique developed by Supersonic Imagine (SSI), the CHU Estaing in Clermont Ferrand having acquired an ultrasound scanner from this brand (AIXPLORER® model). In the second part, using the Quantitative Health Risk Assessment method (QHRA method), we reviewed the literature with a view to identifying the health effects and risks of ultrasound associates in general and more specifically those related to the use of elastography techniques on the foetus[Article 1]. Two biological effects of ultrasound were identified: a mechanical effect and a thermal effect. The energetic radiation of the push wave being identified as the potential risk factor. In a third part, we initiated the ELASTORISK-I study to evaluate the thermal effect of this elastographic technique. As this study was ethically unthinkable in human fetuses, it was carried out in two parts: a study on a porcine biological tissue [Article 2] and then on a homogeneous physical phantom (Casper-1) representative of the fetal tissues [Article 3].The first part of ELASTORISK-I (article 2, chapter 3) is a comparative measurement by infrared camera, using identical experimental conditions, of the heating related to ultrasound techniques (SWE, pulsed Doppler and B-mode) on a biological tissue of a porcine. The objective was to quantify this heating and to demonstrate the interest and relevance of infrared thermography, which is a non-invasive technique for measuring surface temperature in the full field. This study shows that infrared thermography could be an experimental approach complementary to the thermocouples that are currently the reference. The results demonstrate that the most significant warm-up is associated with SWE.The second part of ELATORISK-I (article 3, chapter 4) is in the continuation of our reflection on the quantification and evaluation, in a comparative approach, of the heating related to the different ultrasound modalities (SWE, pulsed Doppler and mode-B) by using thermocouples placed in a phantom imitating human tissue (Casper-1). These results confirm the data obtained in thermography. This study has provided us with knowledge about the biological effects of SWE use and has helped to initiate debate within the scientific community about the potential health risks of SWE use in fetal imaging. It opens the field to other experiments, in particular by heterogeneous phantom combining bone (casper-2) and encourages the investigation of mechanical effects (displacements created by the "push" wave =
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Barretto, Rubia da Eucaristia. "Modelo conceitual de identificação e qualificação de risco dedicado a arquitetura residencial que utiliza tecnologias com aproveitamento da energia solar: uma abordagem na sistemografia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-10072014-143908/.

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A tendência em ampliar o uso das tecnologias com aproveitamento da energia solar no setor residencial traz para os profissionais da área de projeto novos desafios que é o de reestruturar seus modelos de concepção e desenvolvimento de projetos a fim de garantir o comportamento em uso e a eficiência dos sistemas construtivos seguros. O Modelo conceitual de identificação e qualificação de risco proposto foi elaborado a partir da pesquisa de investigação e de desenvolvimento experimental. Foram considerados aspectos relativos às demandas de segurança em uso, construção do conhecimento a partir da sistemografia e a forma de integração desses saberes em um único sistema. O desenvolvimento experimental ocorreu durante o processo de projeto, produção, montagem, uso e operação de um protótipo denominado Ekó House. A metodologia aplicada envolveu quatro fases: Fase 1 - Exploratória - com pesquisas bibliográficas (as tecnologias, normas e práticas de projeto; Fase 2 - Definições - com a escolha da base teórica de apoio ao modelo; Fase 3 - Desenvolvimento - proposições e experimentos e Fase 4 - Teste e consolidação. Para validar o modelo aplicou-se a validação por generalização analítica, ou seja, expandir e generalizar a teoria. O modelo proposto, inovador no âmbito da sistemografia, apoiou-se na Teoria do Sistema Geral: teoria da modelização proposta por LE MOIGNE. Essa teoria trabalha com sistemas complexos e se apoia em processadores, são eles: de operação, informação e decisão que condicionam a integração sistêmica do projeto. Verificou-se durante a aplicação do modelo que ele estimula o aprofundamento das análises das soluções de projeto, quando: a)Identifica e formaliza conceitos que suportam o desenvolvimento das soluções nos diversos sistemas; xv b)Facilita a compreensão e síntese das múltiplas informações que precisam ser compatibilizadas no projeto; c)Formaliza um único principio \"segurança do usuário\" para a lógica de concepção e desenvolvimento de projeto; d)Organiza e permite que se priorizem as informações técnicas [fabricantes e normas];e)Facilita o entendimento por meio de informações as ações de organização e coordenação dos sistemas no espaço e de sua relação com as funcionalidades, uso e estética; e f)Fomenta a busca de soluções mais adequadas a segurança do usuário. Sendo assim, o teste do modelo validou a hipótese. Ele contribui como ferramenta guia de aprimoramento do processo de projeto.
The increasing use of solar energy technologies in the residential sector brings new challenges to professionals who work in the field of design, such as the need to restructure their mindset regarding to the conception and to the development of design, in order to ensure the performance and the efficiency of safe building systems. In this context, this thesis main goal is to propose a conceptual model for the identification and qualification of risk within residential architecture that uses solar energy technologies based on systemography. It\'s an investigative and experimental research, considering aspects related to: meet the demands of safety in use, the knowledge construction and how those could be managed. The experimental development was carried out during the process of design, production, assembly, use and operation of a prototype named Ekó House. The applied method has encompassed four stages: 1) Exploratory - bibliographic research about technologies, codes, rules and design practices; 2) Definitions - the choice of the theoretical basis to ground the model; 3) Development - propositions and experiments and 4) Proofing and consolidation. In order to verify the model it was carried out a test wherewith is possible to perform a validation by analytical generalization, that is, expand and generalize the theory. The proposed model, which represents an innovation in sistemography field, was based on LE MOIGNES\'s Systemic Theory. This Theory enabled the implementation in complex systems, using information, decision and operating processors which condition the design systemic integration. The results obtained by the research show that the model: a) incorporates knowledge, thus, being helpful along the decision-making process; b) eases the understanding and the overview of the diverse information needed by the design; c) formalizes a logic of design conception and development; d) xvii organizes and prioritizes the design technical recommendations [rules and manufacturers]; e) is able to promote an interference in the system\'s organization and coordination in space and also in its relation to functionality and aesthetics; it also f) guides the use of more suitable configurations to the design development. The model presents itself as a tool that is capable of reducing misuse of standards, conflicts between building systems, Technologies and architecture, as well as design failures that compromise safety in use.
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Koch, David R. "Field and laboratory application of a gas chromatograph low thermal mass resistively heated column system in detecting traditional and non-traditional chemical warfare agents using solid phase micro-extraction /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Koch2005.pdf.

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Björnsdotter, Regina. "Kan livscykelanalyser bistå riskvärderingen vid val av åtgärdsmetod? : En fallstudie vid ett område förorenat med klorerade lösningsmedel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104648.

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Анотація:
Hur kan livscykelanalyser bistå riskvärderingen vid val av åtgärdsmetod? I det här examensarbetet undersöktes hur resultaten från livscykelanalyser kan användas i beslutstödsverktyget SAMLA för förorenade områden för att bistå val av åtgärdsmetod vid Finspångs centraltvätt. Examensarbetet har genomförts i samarbete med Structor Miljö Öst AB. Livscykelanalyser har utförts för två olika typer av åtgärdsmetoder in situ, stimulerad anaerob reduktiv deklorering samt elektrisk konduktiv uppvärmning. Tidigare studier har visat att olika livscykelanalysmetoder ger olika resultat. Även den här studien bekräftar det. Därför bör inte resultat från olika metoder jämföras. Livscykelanalyser kompletterar SAMLA för förorenade områden väl. De procentuella förhållandena beräknades mellan åtgärdsmetodernas miljö- och klimatpåverkan. I värderingssteget i SAMLA bedöms åtgärdsalternativens påverkan i jämförelse med nollalternativet. En bedömning gjordes av respektive åtgärdsalternativ och korrigering av förhållandet mellan metoderna utfördes genom att samma procentuella förhållande som beräknats fram för miljöbelastningen respektive klimatpåverkan beräknades för värderingspoängen. Med stöd av livscykelanalyser samt riskvärdering bör efterbehandlingsmetoden stimulerad anaerob reduktiv deklorering väljas för Finspångs centraltvätt.
How can life cycle analyzes assist the risk assessment when choosing a remediation method? In this thesis, it was investigated how the results from life cycle analyzes can be used in the decision support tool SAMLA for contaminated sites to assist in the choice of remediation method at Finspång's Centraltvätt. The thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Structor Miljö Öst AB. Life cycle analyzes have been performed for two different types of in situ remediation methods, Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination and Electrical Conductive Heating. Previous studies have shown that different life cycle analysis methods lead to different results. This study also confirms this. Therefore, results from different methods should not be compared. Life cycle analyzes complement SAMLA for contaminated sites. The percentage ratios were calculated between the remediation methods' environmental and climate impact. In the valuation step in SAMLA, the impact of the remediation alternatives is assessed in comparison with the no action alternative. An assessment was made of the respectively remediation alternatives and a correction of the relationship between the methods was performed by calculating the same percentage ratio that was calculated for the valuation points of the environmental and climate impact. With the support of the life cycle analysis and the risk assessment the remediation method Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination should be chosen for Finspång's Centraltvätt.
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9

Wang, Yanjun. "Production of γ-valerolactone from the hydrogenation of levulinic acid or alkyl levulinates : calorimetry and kinetic study Application of the concept of Linear Free Energy Relationships to the hydrogenation of levulinic acid and its corresponding esters Thermal risk assessment of levulinic acid hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR02.

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Les énergies fossiles jouent un rôle fondamental dans l'économie, la société et la politique. Il existe différentes énergies renouvelables pouvant présenter une alternative telles le solaire, l'éolien, l'hydro-électrique ou encore la biomasse. Parmi ces énergies renouvelables, la biomasse est la seule source de carbone pouvant être utilisée pour la production de carburants, produits chimiques ou matériaux. Parmi les produits chimiques issus de la biomasse, la production de molécules plateformes comme l'acide lévulinique (AL) et ses esters est une voie attractive. Ces molécules peuvent être obtenues par solvolyse de la cellulose ou hémicellulose. L’hydrogénation de ces molécules plateformes conduit à la production de γ-valerolactone (GVL) qui peut aussi être considéré comme une molécule plateforme. Pour favoriser le passage à l'échelle industrielle et trouver les conditions opératoires optimales vis-à-vis de la sécurité et des coûts de production, les questions suivantes doivent être répondues : - Quel est le risque thermique de cette réaction d' hydrogénation? ; - Quel réactif doit-on utiliser : AL ou ses esters? ; - Afin de favoriser l’intégration énergétique, comment mesurer les enthalpies de réactions? Dans un premier temps l'évaluation des risques thermiques pour l' hydrogénation de l’acide lévulinique en GVL catalysée par Ru/C dans l'eau a été effectuée. Un modèle cinétique simple incluant un bilan énergétique en condition pseudo-adiabatique a été développé pour estimer les constantes cinétiques et les paramètres de risque thermique. Par cette étude, il a été possible de déterminer des conditions opératoires sûres pour ce système afin de prévenir les emballements thermiques. Dans un deuxième temps, une approche structure-réactivité a été effectuée en utilisant le concept de relation linéaire de l’énergie libre, à savoir l’équation de Taft. Cette équation a été utilisée pour l'hydrogénation de l'acide lévulinique et de ses esters en GVL catalysée par Ru/C. Le GVL a été utilisé comme solvant pour solubiliser les différents réactifs : AL, lévulinate de méthyle (LM), d'éthyle (LE) et de n-butyle (LB). Il a été démontré que la première étape cinétique, à savoir l'hydrogénation de LA, LM, LE ou LB en leurs intermédiaires et la cinétique de la deuxième étape, à savoir la cyclisation suivent l'équation de Taft. Les effets polaires et stériques ont été évalués et il a été montré que l'effet polaire gouverne ces étapes réactionnelles. La dernière partie de cette thèse consiste à estimer les enthalpies de réaction par calorimétrie. L'estimation de ces constantes thermodynamiques peut s'avérer complexe parce que le GVL est utilisé comme solvant et qu'il n'y a pas d'informations sur les intermédiaires. L’hydrogénation du lévulinate de méthyle a été sélectionnée pour cette étude. Une méthode utilisant les données calorimétriques et analyse chimique a permis d’évaluer l'enthalpie réactionnelle globale et les enthalpies des 2 réactions consécutives. Il a été montré que l'enthalpie globale a une valeur de -51.5 kJ/mol de GVL produits montrant que le système est dans sa globalité exothermique. L’enthalpie d'hydrogénation a été estimée à -58-66 kJ/mol de LM consommé et celle de cyclisation à +7,16 kJ/mol de GVL produits
Fossil energy plays a fondamental role in the economy, society and politics. Till now, different renewable energy are explored to be an alternative for energy supply, such as wind, solar, hydro­ and biomass energy. Among these renewable energy, biomass is regarded as the organic carbon source which can be applied for production of fuels, chemicals or materials. Among the bio-based chemicals, production of platform molecules such as levulinic acid (LA) and its esters is one of attractive way for biomass valorization. LA and its esters can be obtained through hydrolysis and alcoholysis of cellulose or hemicellulose. By further hydrogenation, γ-valerolactone (GVL) is produced and it is also regarded as a platform molecule for further upgrading to biofuels and chemicals with wide application. To scale-up the hydrogenation reaction and to find the optimum operating conditions towards safety and cost, the following questions must be answered : - What is the thermal risk of this reaction? ; - Which starting materials to choose (LA or esters)? ; - For a better energy integration of this process, how to measure the reaction enthalpies? Herein, at first, thermal risk assessment for hydrogenation of LA to GVL catalyzed by Ru/C in water was performed. A simplified kinetic model including energy balance under near-adiabatic conditions was developed to estimate the kinetic constants and thermal risk parameters of this reaction system. Through this thermal risk assessment, it was possible to know the safe operation conditions for this reaction system, i.e., preventing the risk of thermal runaway. Secondly, a structure-reactivity approach was carried out using the concept of Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFER). i.e., Taft equation. The Taft equation (LFER) was applied to hydrogenation of LA and its corresponding esters to GVL catalyzed over Ru/C. GVL was used as a solvent to allow the solubility of the different reactants, namely, LA, methyl levulinate (ML), ethyl levulinate (EL) and n-butyl levulinate (BL). It was demonstrated that the kinetics of the first step, i.e., hydrogenation of LA, ML, EL or BL to the corresponding intermediates and the kinetics of the second step, i.e., ring-closure follow Taft equation. The polar and steric effect of the substituents were evaluated, and it is shown that polar effect governs the kinetics of both reaction steps. Thirdly, the estimation of reaction enthalpies by calorimetry experiments was done. The estimation of such thermodynamic constants by using different thermodynamic models can be hazardous, because in this study GVL was used as a solvent and there are no data concerning the intermediates. Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate (ML) to GVL catalyzed over Ru/C was selected for this study. A method which links calorimetry measurement with composition analysis was developed to determine the reaction enthalpies of the overall reaction and two consecutive steps. It was found that the overall reaction enthalpy was -51.5 kJ/mol of GVL produced, which indicates that the reaction for production of GVL from ML is exothermic. The reaction enthalpy for the first hydrogenation step was calculated to be -58.66 kJ/mol of ML consumed, and for the reaction enthalpy for the second ring-closure step was calculated to be +7.16 kJ/mol of GVL produced
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10

Vásquez, Salcedo Wenel Naudy. "Biο jet fuels prοductiοn frοm lignοcellulοsic biοmass : butyl levulinate a prοmising mοlecule tοwards the develοpment οf sustainable aviatiοn fuels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR12.

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Dans le contexte du secteur de l’aviation, qui pose des défis importants en raison de la complexité et des normes strictes en matière de carburant, notre proposition de recherche revêt une pertinence particulière. Nous visons à développer une approche intégrée qui valorise pleinement la biomasse lignocellulosique en carburéacteurs, contribuant ainsi au développement durable de la société. La biomasse lignocellulosique est une ressource renouvelable qui peut être utilisée comme matière première pour produire des matériaux et des produits chimiques de grande valeur, tels que le kérosène. Ce type de valorisation de la biomasse comprend de nombreuses étapes de transformation, pour lesquelles la cinétique et le risque thermique de la réaction chimique ne sont pas forcément connus. Ce travail se concentre sur un composé spécifique : le lévulinate de butyle (BL). Ce composé peut être obtenu à partir de la biomasse lignocellulosique et peut être transformé en gamma-valérolactone (GVL) par hydrogénation. Le GVL est une molécule de plateforme vitale qui peut servir de matière première pour produire des substituts aux combustibles fossiles comme l’essence, le diesel et les carburéacteurs. Les principaux objectifs de cette recherche sont les suivants : 1) Développer un modèle cinétique robuste et fiable pour l’hydrogénation BL afin de produire du GVL. Ici, nous cherchons à développer expérimentalement un modèle cinétique dans différents modes de fonctionnement thermiques, c’est-à-dire isotherme, isopéribolique et adiabatique. Ce type de modèle permet non seulement de prédire la cinétique et le débit de chaleur correspondant, mais aussi d’évaluer le risque thermique lié à la réaction chimique. Les expériences de développement de ce modèle cinétique ont été réalisées dans le réacteur calorimétrique Mettler-Toledo RC1. 2) La valorisation complète de la biomasse lignocellulosique vise l’échelle industrielle. Par conséquent, la production continue de GVL à partir de BL doit être évaluée. En ce sens, nous avons étudié la stabilité thermique de la production continue de GVL à partir de BL dans un réacteur CSTR (réacteur à cuve agitée continue). 3) L’un des aspects intrigants de notre recherche est l’utilisation potentielle du lévulinate de butyle (BL) comme additif pour carburants. Nous avons mené une évaluation approfondie de l’adéquation du BL en tant qu’additif de kérosène, dans le but de comprendre comment son ajout affecte le rendement de combustion et les limites de fonctionnement dans une chambre de combustion de turbine à gaz. Les résultats obtenus concernant le modèle cinétique ont montré que les modèles non compétitifs de Langmuir-Hinshelwood prédisent les données expérimentales de concentration et de température pour l’hydrogénation des BL avec une bonne précision. L’analyse du risque thermique, liée à l’hydrogénation BL, a montré que l’énergie libérée lors de la réaction est relativement faible, ΔH_{hyd} = -35.28 kJ/mol +/- 1.00 kJ/mol, et par la suite l’étude de stabilité thermique a montré que pour des valeurs de Ua > 1500 W/m³/K dans un réacteur continu, le risque d’instabilités thermiques est faible. L’évaluation du BL en tant qu’additif de kérosène a montré que l’ajout de 20 % de BL dans le kérosène ne modifie pas de manière significative les propriétés physiques, ni l’efficacité de la combustion, ni les limites de fonctionnement dans les conditions de fonctionnement prises en compte lors de l’évaluation de la combustion
In the context of the aviation sector, which poses significant challenges due to the complexity and stringent standards of fuel, our research proposal gains particular relevance. We aim to develop an integrated approach that fully valorizes lignocellulosic biomass into jet fuels, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of society. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable resource that can be used as feedstock to produce high-value materials and chemicals, such as jet fuel. This type of biomass valorization includes many transformation steps, for which the kinetics and the thermal risk of the chemical reaction are not necessarily known. This work focuses on a specific compound: butyl levulinate (BL). This compound can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass and can be transformed into gamma-valerolactone (GVL) via hydrogenation. The GVL is a vital platform molecule that can serve as a feedstock to produce substitutes for fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. The main objectives of this research are: 1) To develop a robust and reliable kinetic model for BL hydrogenation to produce GVL. Here, we seek to develop a kinetic model experimentally in different thermal modes of operation, i.e., isothermal, isoperibolic, and adiabatic. This model type not only predicts kinetics and the corresponding heat-flow rate but also allows the assessment of the thermal risk related to the chemical reaction. The experiments for developing this kinetic model were performed in the calorimeter reactor Mettler-Toledo RC1. 2) The complete valorization of lignocellulosic biomass targets the industrial scale. Therefore, the continuous production of GVL from BL should be assessed. In that sense, we studied the thermal stability of the continuous production of GVL from BL in a CSTR reactor (continuous stirred tank reactor). 3) One of the intriguing aspects of our research is the potential use of butyl levulinate (BL) as a fuels additive. We have conducted a thorough assessment of the suitability of BL as a kerosene additive, aiming to understand how its addition affects the combustion efficiency and operating limits in a gas turbine combustion chamber. The results obtained concerning the kinetic model showed that the Non-Competitive Langmuir-Hinshelwood models predict the experimental data of concentration and temperature for BL hydrogenation with good accuracy. The thermal risk analysis, linked to BL hydrogenation, showed that the energy released during the reaction is relatively low, ΔH_{hyd} = -35.28 kJ/mol +/- 1.00 kJ/mol, and subsequently the thermal stability study showed that for values of Ua > 1500 W/m³/K in a continuous reactor, the risk of thermal instabilities is low. The evaluation of BL as a kerosene additive showed that adding up to 20% of BL into Kerosene does not significantly change the physical properties, neither the combustion efficiency nor the operating limits in the operating conditions considered during the combustion assessment
En el contexto del sector de la aviación, que plantea importantes retos debido a la complejidad y a los estrictos estándares de combustible, nuestra propuesta de investigación cobra especial relevancia. Nuestro objetivo es desarrollar un enfoque integrado que valorice plenamente labiomasa lignocelulósica en combustibles para aviones, contribuyendo así al desarrollo sostenible de la sociedad. La biomasa lignocelulósica es un recurso renovable que se puede utilizar como materia prima para producir materiales y productos químicos de alto valor, como el combustible para aviones. Este tipo de valorización de la biomasa incluye muchas etapas de transformación, para las cuales no necesariamente se conoce la cinética y el riesgo térmico de la reacción química. Este trabajo se centra en un compuesto específico: el levulinato de butilo (BL). Este compuesto se puede obtener a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica y se puede transformar en gamma-valerolactona (GVL) mediante hidrogenación. El GVL es una molécula plataforma vital que puede servir como materia prima para producir sustitutos de combustibles fósiles como la gasolina, el diésel y los combustibles para aviones. Los principales objetivos de esta investigación son: 1. Desarrollar un modelo cinético robusto y fiable para la hidrogenación de BL para producir GVL. Aquí, buscamos desarrollar un modelo cinético experimentalmente en diferentesmodos de operación térmica, es decir, isotérmico, isoperibólico y adiabático. Este tipo de modelo no solo predice la cinética y el flujo de calor correspondiente, sino que también permite evaluar el riesgo térmico relacionado con la reacción química. Los experimentos para el desarrollo de este modelo cinético se realizaron en el reactor calorímetro Mettler-Toledo RC1. 2. La valorización completa de la biomasa lignocelulósica se dirige a la escala industrial. Por lo tanto, debe evaluarse la producción continua de GVL a partir de BL. En ese sentido, estudiamos la estabilidad térmica de la producción continua de GVL a partir de BL en un reactor CSTR (reactor continuo de tanque agitado). 3. Uno de los aspectos intrigantes de nuestra investigación es el potencial uso del levulinato de butilo (BL) como aditivo de combustibles. Hemos llevado a cabo una evaluación exhaustiva de la idoneidad del BL como aditivo de queroseno, con el objetivo de comprender cómo su adición afecta la eficiencia de la combustión y los límites de funcionamiento en una cámara de combustión de turbina de gas. Los resultados obtenidos en relación con el modelo cinético mostraron que los modelos no competitivos de Langmuir-Hinshelwood predicen los datos experimentales de concentración y temperatura para la hidrogenación de BL con buena precisión. El análisis de riesgo térmico, vinculado a la hidrogenación BL, mostró que la energía liberada durante la reacción es relativamente baja, ΔH_{hyd} = -35.28 kJ/mol +/- 1.00 kJ/mol, y posteriormente el estudio de estabilidad térmica mostró que para valores de Ua > 1500 W/m ³/K en un reactor continuo, el riesgo de inestabilidades térmicas es bajo. La evaluación del BL como aditivo de queroseno mostró que la adición de hasta un 20% de BL al queroseno no cambia significativamente las propiedades físicas, ni la eficiencia de la combustión ni los límites de funcionamiento en las condiciones de funcionamiento consideradas durante la evaluación de la combustión
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Книги з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

1

Rick, Hunter, Hamill Doris, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Advanced refrigerator/freezer technology development: Technology assessment. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Haapalehto, Timo. Validation studies of thermal-hydraulic code for safety analysis of nuclear power plants. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1995.

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R, Fragola Joseph, Frank Michael V, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Probabilistic risk assessment of the space shuttle: A study of the potential of losing the vehicle during nominal operation. New York, NY: The Corporation, 1995.

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Stoessel, Francis. Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.

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Stoessel, Francis. Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Stoessel, Francis. Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Stoessel, Francis. Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2008.

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Stoessel, Francis. Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Stoessel, Francis. Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley-VCH, 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

1

Zohuri, Bahman, and Nima Fathi. "Probabilistic Risk Assessment." In Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors, 479–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17434-1_18.

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Zohuri, Bahman. "Probabilistic Risk Assessment." In Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors, 607–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53829-7_19.

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Chang, Y. H., K. Almenas, A. Mosleh, and D. Bessette. "Thermal-Hydraulic Uncertainty Analysis in the Context of Pressurized Thermal Shock Risk Scenarios." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, 1815–20. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_291.

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Meiers, Simon, and Mark Jarman. "VRJTankheat: A thermal model of deluge cooling water rates for atmospheric storage tanks." In Probabilistic Risk and Hazard Assessment, 85–94. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742037-9.

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Cai, Shaorong, Zhiqiang He, Jiang Li, and Hongtao Song. "Risk Assessment of Microgrid Considering Gas-Thermal Coupling." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 602–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3927-3_60.

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Kotak, Bhavya, and M. B. Kiran. "Risk Assessment in Thermal Power Plants—A Review." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 101–11. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4500-5_8.

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Jain, Arihant, Archana Sharma, Y. S. Rana, Tej Singh, N. S. Joshi, and P. V. Varde. "Ageing Model for Electrolytic Capacitors Under Thermal Overstress." In Reliability, Safety and Hazard Assessment for Risk-Based Technologies, 199–211. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9008-1_17.

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Chithira, P., N. Kanagalakshmi, P. Rajavelu, R. Prasanna, P. Sreenivasa Rao, and V. Magesh Mari Raj. "Risk-Based Approach for Thermal Profiling of Sodium Vessel and Pipelines of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor." In Reliability, Safety and Hazard Assessment for Risk-Based Technologies, 981–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9008-1_82.

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Fuentes-Bargues, J. L., A. M. Revuelta-Arnao, and M. C. González-Cruz. "Assessment of the Thermal Stress Risk During the Construction of a Warehouse." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 287–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92273-7_20.

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Jagtap, Hanumant P., and A. K. Bewoor. "Markov Probabilistic Approach-Based Availability Simulation Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Coal Supply System of Thermal Power Plant." In Reliability, Safety and Hazard Assessment for Risk-Based Technologies, 813–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9008-1_68.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

1

Worth, Darren Jeremy, Stephan Crepin, Francisco J. S. Alhanati, and Martin Lastiwka. "Risk Assessment for SAGD Well Blowouts." In International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117679-ms.

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Jiashen Teh and I. Cotton. "Risk assessment of dynamic thermal rating system." In IET International Conference on Resilience of Transmission and Distribution Networks (RTDN) 2015. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2015.0876.

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Jana, Markova, Sykora Miroslav, Holicky Milan, and Stastna Klara. "Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Ageing Thermal Power Plants." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0475-cd.

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Henneaux, Pierre, Pierre-Etienne Labeau, and Jean-Claude Maun. "Role of thermal effects in blackout probabilistic risk assessment." In Energy Conference (EPEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epec.2011.6070209.

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Naughton, Jonathan, Ethiraj Venkatapathy, and Mark Loomis. "Particle impact risk assessment for ablative thermal protection systems." In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-166.

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Arakere, Guruprasad, Milena Vujosevic, and Todd Embree. "Board level interconnect risk assessment in spherical bend." In 2016 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2016.7517639.

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7

Fragola, Joseph R., and Gaspare Maggio. "Space shuttle operational risk assessment." In Space technology and applications international forum: 1st conference on commercial development of space; 1st conference on next generation launch systems; 2nd spacecraft thermal control symposium; 13th symposium on space nuclear power and propulsion. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.49935.

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8

Wang, G., P. Sapienza, R. J. Fetterman, M. Y. Young, J. R. Secker, S. W. Nelson, R. L. Oelrich, and Y. Sung. "AP1000 Plant CILC/CIPS Risk Assessment Using Advanced TH Methodology." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54196.

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Similar to many existing Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), the AP1000® cores will undergo sub-cooled nucleate boiling in the upper grid spans of some fuel assemblies at normal operating conditions. Sub-cooled nucleate boiling may increase crud deposits on the fuel cladding surface which may increase the risk of Crud Induced Power Shift (CIPS) and/or Crud Induced Localized Corrosion (CILC). A CIPS/CILC risk assessment has been performed to support the AP1000 fuel assembly design finalization. In this paper, the advanced thermal-hydraulic (TH) methodology used in the AP1000 plant CIPS/CILC risk assessments are summarized and discussed, and the relationship between the CIPS/CILC mechanisms, fuel reliability, and plant operating conditions is also presented. Finally, acceptable AP1000 core CIPS/CILC risk assessment results are summarized and suggestions that specifically target reducing CIPS/CILC risks for AP1000 plants are described.
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Adisornsupawat, K. "Thermal Impact for CCS Geomechanics Risk Assessment: Analytical and Numerical Comparison." In The Fourth EAGE Global Energy Transition Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202321018.

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Sauciuc, Ioan, Sanjay Goyal, Min Pei, Tannaz Harirchian, Maritza Tse, Robert Kwasnick, Shantanu Tripathi, and Alena Matusevich. "Event-based use conditions method for thermo-mechanical reliability risk assessment." In 2014 IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2014.6892382.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Thermal risk assessment"

1

Hall, S. H. Environmental risk assessment for aquifer thermal energy storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7087615.

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2

Hall, S. H. Environmental risk assessment for aquifer thermal energy storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117104.

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3

Gisladottir, Viktoria, Amanda Kolker, Zachary Zody, and Ian Warren. Phase I geothermal opportunities assessment of the Delta Junction area, Alaska. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47766.

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To enhance energy resilience at military installations in Interior Alaska, we are exploring geothermal energy, which harvests Earth’s heat to provide thermal energy, electricity, or both. Parts of Interior Alaska have high subsurface heat flow, likely related to high-heat-producing granites. While electric load is usually the focus of energy resilience; in cold regions, the thermal load dominates energy demand, and operations can be sensitive to it. A local geothermal energy source enhances energy resilience by providing baseload energy and lessening supply chain demand. Geothermal energy technology is mature and often economical, but resource location and assessment remain challenging. We present exploration methods for a geothermal feasibility study for Interior Alaska and Phase I prefeasibility study results assessing opportunities to develop geothermal at Fort Greely, Alaska. We present possible geothermal resource types, their potential uses, likelihood of existence, and development risk. We also present custom methodology for locating the resources, associated uncertainty, and the impact of finding each re-source. Phase I shows geothermal at Fort Greely survives the elimination test. Investment into a Phase II field study to address knowledge gaps should consider the higher risk in comparison to other geothermal plays due to new methodology and sparse existing data.
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4

Scobie, Linda, Liam O'Connor, Martin D’Agostino, Nigel Cook, Jonathan Wells, Sarah Berry, Louise Kelly, Anne Wood, and Sue Keenan. Thermal Inactivation Model for Hepatitis E Virus (HEV). Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.sdt366.

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Hepatitis E is an emerging issue, with the number of confirmed cases in the UK increasing in 2009-2015, and decreasing slightly in 2016 and 2017. There is some epidemiological evidence of an association of this virus with undercooked pork and pork products. Currently, there is no standardized method for evaluating thermal stability of HEV and also a lack of a suitable assay that can distinguish between intact HEV that can cause an infection and damaged virus which is not capable of causing an infection. This has raised concerns as it is extremely difficult to extrapolate the risk from pork products in relation to cooking practices. We are seeking to address this knowledge gap, which will not only inform our risk assessment, but will also provide an indication if cooking is sufficient to inactivate the virus in foods
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Martin, Jennifer, Jae Kwak, Maomian Fan, Claude C. Grisby, and Darrin K. Ott. Thermal Desorption Capability Development for Enhanced On-site Health Risk Assessment: HAPSITE (registered trademark) ER Passive Sampling in the Field. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627391.

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6

Larsen, M. E. MELTER: A model of the thermal response of cargos transported in the Safe-Secure Trailer subject to fire environments for risk assessment applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10181961.

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7

Axenrot, Thomas, Erik Degerman, and Anders Asp. Seasonal variation in thermal habitat volume for cold-water fish populations : implications for hydroacoustic survey design and stock assessment. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.5i05rb1iu1.

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For accurate stock assessment, survey design must consider fish behavior and ecology. Yearlings and older individuals of the commercially exploited cold-water species vendace (Coregonus albula) are found below the metalimnion through periods of thermal stratification. These stratification periods generally last for 3-4 months, from the middle of summer to early autumn. In lakes with heterogeneous distribution of depths, the habitat volume for vendace vary drastically within and across years, which affects the distribution and population densities. Variable thermal habitat volumes, with food and oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion through the period of stratification, may act as a population size-regulating factor. Using hydroacoustics in combination with trawl data and temperature profiles, we examined the distribution of vendace through annual periods of thermal stratification. We found that yearling and older vendace these periods were confined to cold-water habitat volumes representing less than 10 % of the total water volume of Lake Mälaren, the third largest lake in Sweden. By introducing stratification to the design of hydroacoustic surveys supported by midwater trawling, seasonal aggregations of fish in temporally restricted thermal habitat volumes can be used to lower survey effort and improve the precision in estimates of population size. Temporally restricted habitat volumes may induce risks for the populations to over-fishing and sensitivity to environmental changes that potentially may call for directed management.
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Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia, Working Group on. Report on Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ozk974.

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In 1992 a working group of the UK Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food presented a report on Vacuum Packaging and Associated Processes regarding the microbiological safety of chilled foods. The report supported subsequent guidance provided by the UK Food Standards Agency for the safe manufacture of vacuum packed and modified atmosphere packed chilled foods. In 2021 the ACMSF requested that a new subgroup should update and build on the 1992 report as well as considering, in addition to chilled foods, some foods that are intended to be stored at ambient temperatures. The new subgroup agreed a scope that includes the conditions that support growth and/or neurotoxin formation by C. botulinum, and other clostridia, as well as identification of limiting conditions that provide control. Other foodborne pathogens that need to be considered separately and some foods including raw beef, pork and lamb were explicitly excluded. The subgroup considered the taxonomy, detection, epidemiology, occurrence, growth, survival and risks associated with C. botulinum and other neurotoxin-forming clostridia. There has been no significant change in the nature of foodborne botulism in recent decades except for the identification of rare cases caused by neurotoxigenic C. butyricum, C. baratii and C. sporogenes. Currently evidence indicates that non-clostridia do not pose a risk in relation to foodborne botulism. The subgroup has compiled lists of incidents and outbreaks of botulism, reported in the UK and worldwide, and have reviewed published information concerning growth parameters and control factors in relation to proteolytic C. botulinum, non-proteolytic C. botulinum and the other neurotoxigenic clostridia. The subgroup concluded that the frequency of occurrence of foodborne botulism is very low (very rare but cannot be excluded) with high severity (severe illness: causing life threatening or substantial sequelae or long-term illness). Uncertainty associated with the assessment of the frequency of occurrence, and with the assessment of severity, of foodborne botulism is low (solid and complete data; strong evidence in multiple sources). The vast majority of reported botulism outbreaks, for chilled or ambient stored foods, are identified with proteolytic C. botulinum and temperature abuse is the single most common cause. In the last 30 years, in the UK and worldwide where a cause can be identified, there is evidence that known controls, combined with the correct storage, would have prevented the reported incidents of foodborne botulism. The subgroup recommends that foods should continue to be formulated to control C. botulinum, and other botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia, in accordance with the known factors. With regard to these controls, the subgroup recommends some changes to the FSA guidelines that reflect improved information about using combinations of controls, the z-value used to establish equivalent thermal processes and the variable efficacy associated with some controls such as herbs and spices. Current information does not facilitate revision of the current reference process, heating at 90°C for 10 minutes, but there is strong evidence that this provides a lethality that exceeds the target 6 order of magnitude reduction in population size that is widely attributed to the process and the subgroup includes a recommendation that the FSA considers this issue. Early detection and connection of cases and rapid, effective coordinated responses to very rare incidents are identified as crucial elements for reducing risks from foodborne botulism. The subgroup recommends that the FSA works closely with other agencies to establish clear and validated preparedness in relation to potential major incidents of foodborne botulism in the UK.
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Short, Samuel, Bernhard Strauss, and Pantea Lotfian. Emerging technologies that will impact on the UK Food System. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.srf852.

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Rapid technological innovation is reshaping the UK food system in many ways. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure novel technologies do not compromise food safety and public health. This report presents a rapid evidence assessment of the emerging technologies considered most likely to have a material impact on the UK food system and food safety over the coming decade. Six technology fields were identified and their implications for industry, consumers, food safety and the regulatory framework explored. These fields are: Food Production and Processing (indoor farming, 3D food printing, food side and byproduct use, novel non-thermal processing, and novel pesticides); Novel Sources of Protein, such as insects (for human consumption, and animal feedstock); Synthetic Biology (including lab-grown meat and proteins); Genomics Applications along the value chain (for food safety applications, and personal “nutrigenomics”); Novel Packaging (active, smart, biodegradable, edible, and reusable solutions); and, Digital Technologies in the food sector (supporting analysis, decision making and traceability). The report identifies priority areas for regulatory engagement, and three major areas of emerging technology that are likely to have broad impact across the entire food industry. These areas are synthetic biology, novel food packaging technologies, and digital technologies. FSA will need to take a proactive approach to regulation, based on frequent monitoring and rapid feedback, to manage the challenges these technologies present, and balance increasing technological push and commercial pressures with broader human health and sustainability requirements. It is recommended FSA consider expanding in-house expertise and long-term ties with experts in relevant fields to support policymaking. Recognising the convergence of increasingly sophisticated science and technology applications, alongside wider systemic risks to the environment, human health and society, it is recommended that FSA adopt a complex systems perspective to future food safety regulation, including its wider impact on public health. Finally, the increasing pace of technological
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