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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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1

Zhong, Xianzhun, Hang Yu, Yin Tang, Huice Mao, and Kege Zhang. "Local Thermal Comfort and Physiological Responses in Uniform Environments." Buildings 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2023): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010059.

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The thermal perception of different body parts can vary greatly throughout the human body and have different influences on overall thermal sensation and comfort. Various personal comfort systems (PCS) have been developed to stimulate local body parts for the purpose of enhancing human thermal comfort, yet the most effective body parts for intervention remain undetermined. Therefore, a series of climate chamber experiments under five uniform environments with three sets of suits were conducted in this study. The results showed that the head, chest, belly, and hands tended to feel no cooler than overall in cooler environments, but arms and legs felt generally no warmer than overall in warmer environments. The head, trunk and upper arms were more likely to be the comfort-dominant body parts. Additionally, the upper arms and upper back expected temperature regulation measures the most under non-neutral environments, thus they seem to be the two most needed and effective targeted body parts that a PCS could be applied to. The skin temperature and thermal sensation of limbs were more sensitive to indoor air temperatures than those of the torso. However, variations in the skin temperature of the head, chest, upper back, and calves had the strongest correlation with overall sensation vote changes. The above results and conclusions can not only serve as the basis for the future studies of local thermal comfort, but also provide theoretical guidance for the design of future PCS products.
2

Zhu, Hui, Linsheng Huang, Chuck Wah Francis Yu, and Hua Su. "Thermal comfort under weightlessness: A physiological prediction." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 8 (July 12, 2020): 1169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x20935279.

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This study investigated the physiological thermal response of people under simulated weightlessness using a 6° head down bed rest (HDBR) model to ensure the human body functions in the weightlessness way. Thermal responses of six male participants were experimentally determined. The relationship between thermal comfort and heart rate variability (HRV) was also scrutinized. Physiological responses of participants under different environmental conditions were observed including core temperature, sweating, and most importantly, HRV. Elevated core temperatures were observed amongst participants, with a maximum increment of 0.5°C. The sweating of participants under simulated weightlessness was conspicuously retarded, requiring a 2–4°C increase in environmental temperature to start sweating. Body regional differences in the sweating were also observed. The HRV index ‘LF/HF’, which reflects the balance of the autonomous nervous system, was found to vary with the environment and closely associated with the variation in the thermal comfort scores. Participants under simulated weightlessness had higher mean LF/HF when they felt comfortable, and they preferred a warmer environment in comparison to under normal gravity condition. An altered thermoregulation of the human body under simulated weightlessness was indicated by our findings. The use of HRV index could provide a useful prediction of subjective thermal comfort under weightlessness.
3

Klous, L., A. Psikuta, K. Gijsbertse, D. Mol, M. van Schaik, H. A. M. Daanen, and B. R. M. Kingma. "Two isothermal challenges yield comparable physiological and subjective responses." European Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 12 (September 20, 2020): 2761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04494-3.

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Abstract Purpose Ventilated vests are developed to reduce thermal stress by enhancing convective and evaporative cooling from skin tissue underneath the vest. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether thermal stress is equal when a ventilated vest is worn compared to a no-vest situation with similar dry thermal resistance. Methods Nine healthy males walked on a treadmill (7 km h−1) for 45 min in a desert climate (34 °C, 20% relative humidity) with and without ventilated vest. Gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature (Tsk) were continuously monitored. Local sweat rate (LSR) was assessed two times on six skin locations. Subjective ratings were assessed every 10 min. Results Final Tgi (37.6 ± 0.1 °C for vest and 37.6 ± 0.1 °C for no-vest), HR (133 ± 7 bpm and 133 ± 9 bpm) and mean Tsk (34.8 ± 0.7 °C and 34.9 ± 0.6 °C) were not different between conditions (p ≥ 0.163). Scapula skin temperature (Tscapula) under the vest tended to be lower (baseline to final: ΔTscapula = 0.35 ± 0.37 °C) than without vest (ΔTscapula = 0.74 ± 0.62 °C, p = 0.096). LSR at locations outside the vest did not differ with and without vest (p ≥ 0.271). Likewise, subjective responses did not differ between conditions (χ2 ≥ 0.143). Conclusions We conclude that two systems with similar dry thermal resistance and, therefore, similar required evaporation, resulted in similar thermal stress during paced walking in a hot-dry environment. Local ventilation did not alter the sweating response on locations outside the vest.
4

Eglin, Clare M. "Physiological Responses to Fire-fighting: thermal and Metabolic Considerations." Journal of the Human-Environment System 10, no. 1 (2007): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1618/jhes.10.7.

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5

Ying, B. A., Y. L. Kwok, Y. Li, C. Y. Yeung, F. Z. Li, and S. Li. "Mathematical modeling of thermal physiological responses of clothed infants." Journal of Thermal Biology 29, no. 7-8 (October 2004): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.08.027.

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6

Curio, Immo. "Physiological responses during magnitude estimation of thermal nociceptive stimuli." International Journal of Psychophysiology 7, no. 2-4 (August 1989): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(89)90115-3.

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7

Salachan, Paul Vinu, Jesper Givskov Sørensen, and Heidi Joan Maclean. "What can physiological capacity and behavioural choice tell us about thermal adaptation?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa155.

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Abstract To date, behavioural responses and their role in thermal adaptation have largely been overlooked in small ectotherms. Here, we measure reproductive output using four adult acclimation temperatures in Drosophila melanogaster and quantify egg-laying at restricted temperatures (thermal capacity) and across a thermal gradient (thermal preference). We demonstrate that different conclusions about insect responses to changing environmental temperatures can be drawn based on whether individuals are temperature restricted or allowed a behavioural choice of temperature. When measuring physiological capacity at forced temperatures, we find an acclimation response to increasing temperatures. In contrast, when measuring behavioural choice, we find limited variation in thermal preference regardless of the acclimation temperature. Although flies are physiologically capable of increased performance at higher temperatures, these benefits might not be realized in heterogeneous environments. Our data serve as an example to illustrate why it is important to understand how behaviour and physiology contribute to thermal biology and, ultimately, the ecology of organisms. To do this, we should consider the behavioural avenues available to the organism when estimating ecologically relevant fitness consequences in varying thermal environments.
8

Tunnah, Louise, Suzanne Currie, and Tyson J. MacCormack. "Do prior diel thermal cycles influence the physiological response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to subsequent heat stress?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 1 (January 2017): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0157.

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We designed two environmentally relevant thermal cycling regimes using monitoring data from an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) river to determine whether exposure to prior diel cycles stimulated protective mechanisms (e.g., heat hardening) and (or) resulted in physiological and cellular stress. Wild fish were exposed to 3 days of diel cycling in the lab and then exposed to an acute thermal challenge near their upper reported critical temperature. We measured routine metabolic rate across the time course as well as indicators of physiological status (e.g., plasma glucose and osmolality) and cellular stress (e.g., heat shock protein 70). We observed that thermal cycling altered physiological and cellular responses, compared with an acute heat shock, but saw no differences between cycling regimes. Unique temperature regime and tissue-specific responses were observed in heat shock protein induction, metabolites, haematology, and osmotic indicators. Routine metabolic rate was not affected by the thermal cycling and increased according to Q10 predictions. While we report unique physiological and cellular responses among all treatment groups, we did not observe a clear indication of a heat hardening response.
9

Zlatar, Tomi, Denisse Bustos, José Torres Costa, João Santos Baptista, and Joana Guedes. "Physiological and Thermal Sensation Responses to Severe Cold Exposure (−20 °C)." Safety 10, no. 1 (February 12, 2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety10010019.

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Various jobs, indoors and outdoors, are subjected to severe cold temperatures during daily activities. Extremely low-temperature exposure and work intensity affect health, safety, and occupational performance. This work aimed to assess the physiological and thermal sensation responses before, during, and following a 60 min exposure to cold (−20 °C), during which occupational activities were developed. Using ingestible telemetric temperature pills, eight skin temperature sensors, blood pressure equipment, and the Thermal Sensation Questionnaire, experiments were conducted with 11 healthy male volunteers wearing highly insulating cold protective clothing. The most notorious alterations were reported in mean skin temperatures and thermal sensation responses during the first 20 min of cold exposure. Among the eight skin temperature points, the forehead and left hand showed a higher sensitivity to cold. The mean core temperature reported significant variations throughout the protocol, with decreases during the initial 10 min of cold exposure and posterior increases despite the cold environment. Blood pressure showed slight increases from the initial to the recovery period. Overall, outcomes contribute to current scientific knowledge on physiological and perception responses in extremely cold environments while describing the influence of protective clothing and occupational activities on these responses. Future research should be developed with additional skin temperature measurements in the extremities (fingers, face, and toes) and the analysis of thermal sensation potential associations with performance changes, which can also be of great significance for future thermal comfort models.
10

Gupta, Mahesh, Sachin Kumar, S. Dangi, and Babu Jangir. "Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses to Thermal Stress in Goats." International Journal of Livestock Research 3, no. 2 (2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20130502081121.

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11

Montalto, V., R. Bagarella, A. Rinaldi, G. Sarà, and S. Mirto. "Thermal adaptation and physiological responses to environmental stress in tunicates." Aquatic Biology 26 (November 2, 2017): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00685.

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12

Im, Soon. "Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric." Journal of the Korean Society of Costume 63, no. 5 (August 31, 2013): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7233/jksc.2013.63.5.102.

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13

RASTOGI, S. K., B. N. GUPTA, TANVEER HUSIAN, and N. MATHUR. "Physiological Responses to Thermal Stress in a Glass Bangle Factory." Occupational Medicine 38, no. 4 (1988): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/38.4.137.

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14

SKÖLDSTRÖM, BJÖRN. "Physiological responses of fire fighters to workload and thermal stress." Ergonomics 30, no. 11 (November 1987): 1589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140138708966049.

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15

Reyes-Sotelo, Brenda, Daniel Mota-Rojas, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Adriana Olmos-Hernández, Ismael Hernández-Ávalos, Nancy José, Alejandro Casas-Alvarado, Jocelyn Gómez, and Patricia Mora-Medina. "Thermal homeostasis in the newborn puppy: behavioral and physiological responses." Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/jabb.21012.

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16

Wang, Zhaojun, Haoran Ning, Yuchen Ji, Juan Hou, and Yanan He. "Human thermal physiological and psychological responses under different heating environments." Journal of Thermal Biology 52 (August 2015): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.06.008.

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17

Skoldstrom, B. "Physiological responses of fire fighters to workload and thermal stress." Applied Ergonomics 19, no. 4 (December 1988): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(88)90100-7.

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18

Lu, Hongliang, Yingchao Hu, Shuran Li, Wei Dang, and Yongpu Zhang. "Acclimatory responses of thermal physiological performances in hatchling yellow pond turtles (Mauremys mutica)." Animal Biology 70, no. 1 (2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-20191106.

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Abstract Temperature is a crucial environmental factor that can strongly impact animal physiology. Here, we acclimated hatchling of Asian yellow pond turtles (Mauremys mutica) to one of two different temperatures (25 or 30°C) for four weeks to determine temperature acclimation effects on their physiology. All four measured physiological variables (righting time, resting metabolic rate, critical thermal minimum and critical thermal maximum) were significantly affected by temperature acclimation. Turtles acclimated to 25°C righted themselves more slowly and had a lower mean metabolic rate than 30°C-acclimated turtles. Turtles acclimated to 25°C were more resistant to low temperatures, but less resistant to high temperatures than 30°C-acclimated turtles, as measured by critical thermal limits. The thermal resistance range (i.e., the difference between critical thermal minimum and maximum) did not differ between the two acclimation groups. Compared with other semi-aquatic turtles, M. mutica had relatively higher acclimation response ratios for its critical thermal minimum and critical thermal maximum. Our results indicate that acclimation to relatively moderate temperatures could also produce significant responses in the thermal physiology of turtles.
19

Kwak, Jiyoung, Chungyoon Chun, Jun-Seok Park, Sanghun Kim, and Seokwon Seo. "The gender and age differences in the passengers’ thermal comfort during cooling and heating conditions in vehicles." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (November 10, 2023): e0294027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294027.

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The thermal physiological and psychological responses in vehicles, influenced by gender and age, play a crucial role in ensuring passengers’ comfort. However, these differences have often been overlooked. This study aims to comprehensively examine passengers’ thermal comfort and investigate gender and age disparities based on their physiological and psychological responses. Experiments were conducted inside a vehicle placed in a climate chamber under cooling and heating conditions, with the collected data subjected to statistical analysis. The findings reveal that males had significantly higher mean skin temperatures in cooling conditions and lower skin temperatures in heating conditions than females. However, overall thermal sensation and comfort did not significantly differ between genders. Interestingly, age-related differences were observed to a limited extent in both conditions. This study provides valuable insights into passengers’ thermal responses in vehicles, considering the factors of gender and age, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of thermal comfort in a vehicle environment.
20

Zhang, Liwen, Zhongli Sha, and Jiao Cheng. "Time-Course and Tissue-Specific Molecular Responses to Acute Thermal Stress in Japanese Mantis Shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (July 26, 2023): 11936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511936.

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Current understanding of adaptability to high temperatures is increasingly important as extreme weather events that can trigger immediate physiological stress in organisms have occurred more frequently. Here, we tracked transcriptomic responses of gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle to acute thermal exposure at 30 °C for 0.5, 6, and 12 h in an economically important crustacean, Oratosquilla oratoria, to gain a preliminary understanding of the tissue-specific and dynamic physiological regulation process under acute heat stress. The unique physiological responses of muscle, hepatopancreas, and gills to acute thermal stress were associated with protein degradation, lipid transport, and energy metabolism in O. oratoria, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed transcripts and heat-responsive gene clusters revealed a biphasic protective responsiveness of O. oratoria developed from the early responses of signal transduction, immunity, and cytoskeleton reorganization to the responses dominated by protein turnover and energy metabolism at the mid-late stages under acute heat stress. Noteworthy, trend analysis revealed a consistently upregulated expression pattern of high molecular weight heat shock protein (HSP) family members (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) during the entire thermal exposure process, highlighting their importance for maintaining heat resistance in O. oratoria. Documenting the whole process of transcriptional responses at fine temporal resolution will contribute to a far-reaching comprehension of plastic responses to acute heat stress in crustaceans, which is critical in the context of a changing climate.
21

Wu, Jiansong, Boyang Sun, Zhuqiang Hu, Letian Li, and Huizhong Zhu. "Physiological responses and thermal sensation during extremely cold exposure (−20 °C)." Building and Environment 206 (December 2021): 108338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108338.

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22

Zora, Suleyman, Gorkem Balci, Muzaffer Colakoglu, and Tahsin Basaran. "Associations between Thermal and Physiological Responses of Human Body during Exercise." Sports 5, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports5040097.

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23

Sessler, D. I., and J. Ponte. "DISPARITY BETWEEN THERMAL COMFORT AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES DURING EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA." Anesthesiology 71, Supplement (September 1989): A682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198909001-00682.

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24

Guan, Hongyu, Songtao Hu, Mingli Lu, Mengyuan He, Zhu Mao, and Guodan Liu. "People's subjective and physiological responses to the combined thermal-acoustic environments." Building and Environment 172 (April 2020): 106709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106709.

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25

Schellen, Lisje, Marcel G. L. C. Loomans, Martin H. de Wit, Bjarne W. Olesen, and Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt. "Effects of different cooling principles on thermal sensation and physiological responses." Energy and Buildings 62 (July 2013): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.01.007.

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26

Nie, Hongtao, Shuqi Zuo, Long Li, Cun Tian, Chen Cao, and Xiwu Yan. "Physiological and biochemical responses ofDosinia corrugatato different thermal and salinity stressors." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology 329, no. 1 (January 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2152.

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27

Stevenson, Richard D. M., Joseph Warwick, and James L. J. Bilzon. "Physiological Responses And Thermal Limitations During Simulated High-Rise Firefighting Operations." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 55, no. 9S (September 2023): 923–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000988432.54167.53.

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28

Sepehri, Shiva, Mohsen Aliabadi, Rostam Golmohammadi, and Mohammad Babamiri. "Human cognitive functions and psycho-physiological responses under low thermal conditions in a simulated office environment." Work 69, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213469.

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BACKGROUND: In office environments, thermal comfort is one of the most significant factor affecting employees’ performance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of exposure to low air temperatures on human cognitive performance, physiological responses, and thermal perceptions during mental work. METHODS: Twenty-four volunteers with an age range of 18–30 years participated in this study. The subjects were exposed to four different air temperatures (10, 14, 18, and 22°C) in a climate chamber based on a within-subject design. The n-back, CPT, and PVT tests were employed to evaluate some basic aspects of cognitive performance. Body physiological responses and the subjective thermal comfort were also measured. RESULTS: When the thermal condition deviated from relatively neutral temperature, the subjects’ cognitive responses significantly disturbed (P < 0.05), such that the response accuracy was more affected by reduction of air temperature. The blood pressures and heart rate, galvanic skin response, and respiration rate increased as the air temperature decreased (P < 0.05), such that the galvanic skin response as a stress indicator was more affected. In the test configurations, as a result of decrease in air temperature of 1°C, the finger and body skin temperatures reduced to 0.74°C and 0.25°C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed that low thermal condition can considerably affect cognitive performance and physiological responses during some office work tasks. The subjects’ thermal comfort votes proposed that air temperature lower than 14 °C can be intolerable for employees during routine mental work. It is suggested that personalized conditioning systems should be used to provide individual thermal comfort in moderate cold air conditions.
29

McQuerry, Meredith, Roger Barker, and Emiel DenHartog. "Functional Design and Evaluation of Structural Firefighter Turnout Suits for Improved Thermal Comfort." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 3 (February 11, 2018): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18757348.

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Structural firefighter prototype designs incorporating ventilation, stretch, and modularity were developed following Watkins’ functional design process. Prototypes were designed and manufactured, including single-layer, vented, stretch, and combination prototypes. Prototype garments were evaluated for improved thermal comfort and heat loss using sweating thermal manikin assessments in two conditions: static (standing still with no wind) and dynamic (walking with wind). Raw thermal and evaporative resistance data from the manikin testing were input into a thermal modeling software system (RadTherm®) and physiological responses (core temperature, skin temperature, and sweat rate) were predicted for each prototype. A significant improvement in heat loss was measured when ventilation openings and modularity were added to the design of the clothing system. The single-layer, vented, and combination prototypes also had significantly lower increases in predicted physiological responses.
30

Yuan, Tingting, Bo Hong, Yichen Li, Yanbo Wang, and Yayun Wang. "The Right Activities at Right Spaces: Relationships between Elderly Adults’ Physical Activities and Thermal Responses." Buildings 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030721.

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In this study, the physiological and thermal responses of 54 healthy elderly adults during horticultural activities with various intensities (low, moderate, and high) in three typical open spaces were investigated through meteorological measurements, questionnaires, and physiological monitoring. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET), blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and ear canal temperature were used as physiological evaluation indices. The results showed that: (1) the proportional changes before and after thermal sensation vote (TSV) and thermal comfort vote (TCV) activities were positively correlated with the spatial characteristics and metabolic levels of outdoor activities in summer; (2) physiological indices were almost constant during low-intensity horticultural activities and significantly different before and after moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity horticultural activities; (3) when the intensity of horticultural activities changed from low to moderate, the neutral PET (NPET) decreased to 25.29 and 26.82 °C, respectively, whereas the NPET increased to 23.97 °C during vigorous intensity; (4) heart rate (HR) and diastolic blood pressure (SBP) were positively correlated with metabolic rate for the elderly; (5) a moderate sky view factor space was more suitable for the elderly to participate in during outdoor horticultural activities in summer.
31

Wu, Zhibin, and Andreas Wagner. "Effect of short-term thermal history on thermal comfort and physiological responses: A pilot study." Energy and Buildings 298 (November 2023): 113510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113510.

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32

Kawabata, Celso Y., Lindalva de A. de Jesus, Ana Paula V. da Silva, Thiago V. R. de Sousa, and Luis F. B. da Cruz. "Physiological responses of caprines raised under different types of covering." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 5 (October 2013): 910–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000500003.

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Thermal discomfort inside facilities is one of the factors responsible for low productivity of caprines in the Brazilian Northeast region, because inadequate weather conditions can cause elevated rectal temperature, increased respiratory rate, decreased food ingestion and reduced production. The present paper aimed to study the behavior of physiological thermoregulation of the animals (respiratory rate - RR and rectal temperature - RT) at four different times of the day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.) and their relation to bioclimatic indexes (Temperature Humidity Index - THI, Black Globe Humidity Index - BGHI and Radiant Heat Load - RHL) in order to determine whether the type of covering used in the animals facilities (ceramic covering - CC, asbestos cement covering - AC and straw covering - SC) interferes with the physiology of thermoregulation. The time of data collection was related to the values of environmental and physiological variables. At 2 p.m. it was found the highest values of Radiant Heat Load on the three types of covering. The values of RT and RR were higher at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m., and the straw tile provided better thermal conditions of microclimate for the animals. The increased RR maintained the caprines homeothermy.
33

Meng, Xiaojing, Shukai Xue, Kangle An, and Yingxue Cao. "Physiological Indices and Subjective Thermal Perception of Heat Stress-Exposed Workers in an Industrial Plant." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 5019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095019.

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This study aimed to investigate the thermal responses of acclimated workers exposed to heat stress in a real work environment. The physiological indices and subjective thermal perception of the 14 acclimated workers were measured in an industrial plant. The effects of wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) on physiological indices and subjective thermal perception were studied. The differences in thermal responses between the acclimated workers and unacclimated college students exposed to heat stress were compared and analyzed. The relationship between the mean skin temperature and the thermal sensation was revealed. The results show that the mean skin temperature, oral temperature, and heart rate of the acclimated workers increase with WBGT, while the blood pressure decreases with WBGT. Compared with the unacclimated college students, the acclimated workers felt more comfortable and tolerant under the same heat stress. The thermal neutral mean skin temperature of the acclimated workers is 32.3 °C, which is approximately 1.0 °C lower than that of the unacclimated college students. The results of this study can help ensure the occupational safety and health of heat stress-exposed workers.
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Sarubbi, Juliana, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Marcelo Daniel Ghezzi, Adriana Olmos-Hernandez, Pamela Anahí Lendez, María Carolina Ceriani, and Ismael Hernández-Avalos. "Hypothalamic Neuromodulation and Control of the Dermal Surface Temperature of Livestock during Hyperthermia." Animals 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2024): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121745.

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Hyperthermia elicits several physiological and behavioral responses in livestock to restore thermal neutrality. Among these responses, vasodilation and sweating help to reduce core body temperature by increasing heat dissipation by radiation and evaporation. Thermoregulatory behaviors such as increasing standing time, reducing feed intake, shade-seeking, and limiting locomotor activity also increase heat loss. These mechanisms are elicited by the connection between peripheral thermoreceptors and cerebral centers, such as the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Considering the importance of this thermoregulatory pathway, this review aims to discuss the hypothalamic control of hyperthermia in livestock, including the main physiological and behavioral changes that animals adopt to maintain their thermal stability.
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Dr.D.Sujatha, Dr. D.Umamaheswari, and Dr.D.Vijayalakshmi. "Respiratory Responses Of Indian Major Carp Catla Catla (Hamilton) During Thermal-Stress And Thermal-Adaptation." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 5 (2023): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i05.022.

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The two vital respiratory parameters namely Oxygen consumption of the whole fish and the Opercular activity in the Indian Major Carp was investigated during thermal-stress and Thermal-adaptation. The Indian major carp Catla catla subjected to and Slow temperature change from 22 ⁰c to 32⁰c (heat-adaptation) and 32⁰c to 22 ⁰c (cold -adaptation) at the rate of 1⁰c ̷ 60 hours showed a gradual stepping-up of oxygen consumption and opercular activity in heat-adaptation and a stepping-down of oxygen consumption and opercular activity in the case of cold-adaptation and in both cases reached the control values within 35 days, where as Catla catla exposed abruptly to a temperature change from 22 ⁰c to 32⁰c (heat-stress) and 32⁰c to 22 ⁰c (cold -stress) at the rate of 1⁰c ̷ hour exhibited neither stepping-up nor stepping-down in oxygen consumption and opercular activity and they could not reach the control values within 35 days. Stress is a physiological load acted upon the fish, where as adaptation is a slow process of compensation without physiological load
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McGeer, James C., Leanne Baranyi, and George K. Iwama. "Physiological Responses to Challenge Tests in Six Stocks of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-208.

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Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from six hatcheries were reared in a common facility and then subjected to six different challenge tests. Results indicated that there are differences in the response to stressful challenges among stocks of coho salmon. The challenge tests were exposure to salt water (30‰), high pH (9.4 and 10.0), low pH (3.55, 3.65, 3.75, and 4.1), thermal increase (1°C∙h−1), disease (bacterial kidney disease), and handling (30-s netting and emersion). The measured responses were changes in plasma sodium and chloride ion concentrations for the saline and pH challenges, critical thermal maximum in the thermal tolerance test, mortalities in the disease challenge, and plasma glucose alterations in the handling challenge. The Chehalis River stock was most successful in tolerating salt water but showed the largest plasma ion decrease in acidic waters. The stock from Eagle River had the lowest plasma glucose increase during handling challenges. In the disease challenge the Tenderfoot Creek and Eagle River stocks had high mortalities but the Capilano River stock had the lowest mortality. No stock differences were found during thermal tolerance and high pH challenges. An assessment of overall stock performance across challenges showed that each stock had a unique response profile.
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Hamblin, April L., Elsa Youngsteadt, Margarita M. López-Uribe, and Steven D. Frank. "Physiological thermal limits predict differential responses of bees to urban heat-island effects." Biology Letters 13, no. 6 (June 2017): 20170125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0125.

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Changes in community composition are an important, but hard to predict, effect of climate change. Here, we use a wild-bee study system to test the ability of critical thermal maxima (CT max , a measure of heat tolerance) to predict community responses to urban heat-island effects in Raleigh, NC, USA. Among 15 focal species, CT max ranged from 44.6 to 51.3°C, and was strongly predictive of population responses to urban warming across 18 study sites ( r 2 = 0.44). Species with low CT max declined the most. After phylogenetic correction, solitary species and cavity-nesting species (bumblebees) had the lowest CT max , suggesting that these groups may be most sensitive to climate change. Community responses to urban and global warming will likely retain strong physiological signal, even after decades of warming during which time lags and interspecific interactions could modulate direct effects of temperature.
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Boregowda, Satish C., Robert E. Choate, and Rodney Handy. "Entropy Generation Analysis of Human Thermal Stress Responses." ISRN Thermodynamics 2012 (December 13, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/830103.

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The present study involves application of an open system entropy generation formulation to analyze human thermal stress responses. The time-series human thermal stress response data are obtained by conducting a simulation using a validated finite-element human thermal model (FEHTM). These simulated human thermal response data are used as an input to the entropy generation expression to obtain human entropy generation (HEG) values. The effects of variables such as air temperature, relative humidity, physical activity, and clothing on entropy generation are examined. A design of experiment (DOE) approach is utilized to study the interaction effects of air temperature and relative humidity on entropy generation. The study establishes the importance and utility of entropy generation as a holistic measure of human thermal physiological reaction to external and internal changes. This novel study has great potential for use in military medicine, rehabilitation, sports, and related applications.
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Brearley, Matt B., and James P. Finn. "Responses of Motor-Sport Athletes to V8 Supercar Racing in Hot Conditions." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 2 (June 2007): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.2.182.

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Background:Despite the thermal challenge of demanding workloads performed in high cabin temperatures while wearing heavy heat-retardant clothing, information on physiological responses to racing V8 Supercars in hot conditions is not readily available.Purpose:To describe the thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual strain on V8 Supercar drivers competing in hot conditions.Methods:Thermal strain was indicated by body-core temperature using an ingested thermosensitive pill. Cardiovascular strain was assessed from heart rate, hydration status, and sweat rate. Perceptual strain was estimated from self-rated thermal sensation, thermal discomfort (modified Gagge scales), perceived exertion (Borg scale), and perceptual strain index.Results:Prerace body-core temperatures were (mean ± SD) 37.7°C ± 0.4°C (range 37.0°C to 38.2°C), rising to 39.0°C ± 0.4°C (range 38.4°C to 39.7°C) postrace. Driver heart rates were >160 and >170 beats/min for 85.3% and 46.7% of racing, respectively. Sweat rates were 1.06 ± 0.12 L/h or 13.4 ± 1.2 mL · kg−1 · h−1, and postrace dehydration was 0.6% ± 0.6% of prerace body mass. Drivers rated thermal sensation as hot (10.3 ± 0.9), thermal discomfort as uncomfortable (3.1 ± 1.0), and perceived exertion as very hard to very, very hard (8.7 ± 1.7) after the races. Overall physiological and perceptual strain were 7.4 ± 1.0 and 7.1 ± 1.2, respectively.Conclusions:Despite the use of cooling, V8 Supercar drivers endure thermal, cardiovascular, and perceptual strain during brief driving bouts in hot conditions.
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Keister, Z. O., K. D. Moss, H. M. Zhang, T. Teegerstrom, R. A. Edling, R. J. Collier, and R. L. Ax. "Physiological Responses in Thermal Stressed Jersey Cows Subjected to Different Management Strategies." Journal of Dairy Science 85, no. 12 (December 2002): 3217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74410-x.

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Flores-Peinado, Salvador, Daniel Mota-Rojas, Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta, Patricia Mora-Medina, Rosy Cruz-Monterrosa, Jocelyn Gómez-Prado, María Guadalupe Hernández, Jesús Cruz-Playas, and Julio Martínez-Burnes. "Physiological responses of pigs to preslaughter handling: infrared and thermal imaging applications." International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2020.1821574.

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42

CORTILI, G., P. MOGNONI, and F. SAIBENE. "Work tolerance and physiological responses to thermal environment wearing protective NBC clothing." Ergonomics 39, no. 4 (March 1996): 620–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139608964485.

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43

Yao, Ye, Zhiwei Lian, Weiwei Liu, and Qi Shen. "Experimental study on physiological responses and thermal comfort under various ambient temperatures." Physiology & Behavior 93, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.09.012.

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Nascimento, Sheila Tavares, Alex Sandro Campos Maia, Vinícius de França Carvalho Fonsêca, Carolina Cardoso Nagib Nascimento, Marcos Davi de Carvalho, and Maria da Graça Pinheiro. "Physiological responses and thermal equilibrium of Jersey dairy cows in tropical environment." International Journal of Biometeorology 63, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 1487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01734-w.

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45

Maldonado, Karin Evelyn, Grisel Cavieres, Claudio Veloso, Mauricio Canals, and Pablo Sabat. "Physiological responses in rufous-collared sparrows to thermal acclimation and seasonal acclimatization." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 179, no. 3 (November 15, 2008): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-008-0317-1.

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46

Yang, Liu, Siru Gao, Shengkai Zhao, Hui Zhang, Edward Arens, and Yongchao Zhai. "Thermal comfort and physiological responses with standing and treadmill workstations in summer." Building and Environment 185 (November 2020): 107238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107238.

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47

Ansell, Brendan R. E., Malcolm J. McConville, Louise Baker, Pasi K. Korhonen, Samantha J. Emery, Staffan G. Svärd, Robin B. Gasser, and Aaron R. Jex. "Divergent Transcriptional Responses to Physiological and Xenobiotic Stress in Giardia duodenalis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 10 (July 25, 2016): 6034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00977-16.

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ABSTRACTUnderstanding how parasites respond to stress can help to identify essential biological processes.Giardia duodenalisis a parasitic protist that infects the human gastrointestinal tract and causes 200 to 300 million cases of diarrhea annually. Metronidazole, a major antigiardial drug, is thought to cause oxidative damage within the infective trophozoite form. However, treatment efficacy is suboptimal, due partly to metronidazole-resistant infections. To elucidate conserved and stress-specific responses, we calibrated sublethal metronidazole, hydrogen peroxide, and thermal stresses to exert approximately equal pressure on trophozoite growth and compared transcriptional responses after 24 h of exposure. We identified 252 genes that were differentially transcribed in response to all three stressors, including glycolytic and DNA repair enzymes, a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, high-cysteine membrane proteins, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) synthetase, and histone modification enzymes. Transcriptional responses appeared to diverge according to physiological or xenobiotic stress. Downregulation of the antioxidant system and α-giardins was observed only under metronidazole-induced stress, whereas upregulation of GARP-like transcription factors and their subordinate genes was observed in response to hydrogen peroxide and thermal stressors. Limited evidence was found in support of stress-specific response elements upstream of differentially transcribed genes; however, antisense derepression and differential regulation of RNA interference machinery suggest multiple epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional control.
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Fontana, Piero, Fabio Saiani, Marc Grütter, Jean-Philippe Croset, André Capt, Martin Camenzind, Matthew Morrissey, Braid A. MacRae, René M. Rossi, and Simon Annaheim. "Thermo-physiological impact of different firefighting protective clothing ensembles in a hot environment." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 7 (January 19, 2017): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516688629.

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It is currently unclear how the assembly of different fabric layers of personal protective clothing (PPC) contributes to differences in thermal comfort among garments. Therefore, we used two different approaches to investigate the effect of PPC on body heat dissipation: a technical characterization of textiles (using sweating Torso methodology) and thermo-physiological wearing trials. We hypothesized that the technical characterization provides a similar outcome compared to the wearing trials and, thus, proves to have high thermo-physiological relevance. Thirteen different PPC were investigated using the sweating Torso methodology. Three out of these thirteen were then selected for inclusion in a series of human subject trials in a hot environment. Results from human trials and Torso testing were related to each other. The thermal and evaporative properties of the selected PPC typically differed and effects were observed for the thermo-physiological responses of human study participants. Differences in Torso surface temperature of up to 9℃ and moisture accumulation in the protective clothing systems of up to 184 g·m–2 were detected using the sweating Torso methodology. Moderate intensity exercise with the human study participants induced textile-dependent differences of up to 0.9 ± 0.2℃ ( P < 0.001) and 1.2 ± 0.2℃ ( P = 0.008) for excessive core body and excessive skin temperature, respectively. Using the sweating Torso methodology, physiologically relevant differences in textile performance could be detected among different PPC. Consequently, sweating Torso is a relevant tool to gain insight into human thermo-physiological responses to different PPC with similar end-use based on their dry and wet heat transfer characteristics.
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Dami, Imed, Cecil Stushnoff, and Richard Hamman. "091 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF GRAPEVINES TO METHANOL." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 441b—441. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.441b.

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The response of grapevines to methanol was investigated at the Orchard Mesa Research Center in Grand Junction, CO. Optimum sublethal methanol dose levels, based on visual assessments, were 90% for leaves and 100% for trunks for 10 cultivars. Total soluble sugars (TSS) of the berries, monitored every week until harvest, showed significant differences with Muscat Blanc during veraison. Berries from the methanol-treated vines had higher TSS (16.4 °Brix) than controls (15 °Brix). However, no significant differences were observed later in the season when approaching fruit maturity. At harvest, data on yields as estimated by cluster weight, berry weight and berry size showed no differences between the two treatments. Methanol did not enhance cold hardiness of bud tissues. measured by differential thermal analysis. It was concluded that, although methanol has been reported to improve several physiological features of C3 crops, our study suggested that it has little or no practical effect on grapes. More data on the determination of sugars in berries by HPLC will be discussed.
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Marshall, David J., Christopher D. McQuaid, and Gray A. Williams. "Non-climatic thermal adaptation: implications for species' responses to climate warming." Biology Letters 6, no. 5 (April 7, 2010): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0233.

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There is considerable interest in understanding how ectothermic animals may physiologically and behaviourally buffer the effects of climate warming. Much less consideration is being given to how organisms might adapt to non-climatic heat sources in ways that could confound predictions for responses of species and communities to climate warming. Although adaptation to non-climatic heat sources (solar and geothermal) seems likely in some marine species, climate warming predictions for marine ectotherms are largely based on adaptation to climatically relevant heat sources (air or surface sea water temperature). Here, we show that non-climatic solar heating underlies thermal resistance adaptation in a rocky–eulittoral-fringe snail. Comparisons of the maximum temperatures of the air, the snail's body and the rock substratum with solar irradiance and physiological performance show that the highest body temperature is primarily controlled by solar heating and re-radiation, and that the snail's upper lethal temperature exceeds the highest climatically relevant regional air temperature by approximately 22°C. Non-climatic thermal adaptation probably features widely among marine and terrestrial ectotherms and because it could enable species to tolerate climatic rises in air temperature, it deserves more consideration in general and for inclusion into climate warming models.
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