Дисертації з теми "Thermal bubble"
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Wang, Ping. "Thermal bubble behaviour in liquid nitrogen under electric fields." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/64874/.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Ye. "The behaviour of coal-fired pressurized fluidised bed combustion systems." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284834.
Повний текст джерелаChigusa, S., H. Maeda, Y. Taniguchi, N. Hayakawa, and H. Okubo. "Insulation performance of pressurized liquid helium under quench-induced thermal bubble disturbance for superconducting power apparatus." IEEE, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6753.
Повний текст джерелаBenage, Mary Catherine. "The thermal evolution and dynamics of pyroclasts and pyroclastic density currents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53962.
Повний текст джерелаCowley, Adam M. "Hydrodynamic and Thermal Effects of Sub-critical Heating on Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Microchannels." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6572.
Повний текст джерелаSchmack, Mario. "A Holistic Sustainable Approach to Small-Scale Water Desalination in Remote Regions: Development of a thermal desalination method based on vapour transfer processes in water-filled bubble columns." Thesis, Schmack, Mario (2015) A Holistic Sustainable Approach to Small-Scale Water Desalination in Remote Regions: Development of a thermal desalination method based on vapour transfer processes in water-filled bubble columns. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29961/.
Повний текст джерелаNakath, Richard. "Sieden in Anwesenheit von Borverbindungen in Leichtwasserreaktoren." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-154457.
Повний текст джерелаCalzada, Eduard. "Measurement of the thermal performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger while injecting air bubbles in the groundwater." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100152.
Повний текст джерелаŠot, Petr. "Ověření tepelně-izolační vlastnosti termoreflexních fóliových izolací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226729.
Повний текст джерелаHin, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Zengerle. "Reduction of system complexity in centrifugal microfluidics by magnetophoresis at continuous rotation and thermo-pneumatic bubble mixing." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222908573/34.
Повний текст джерелаMonloubou, Martin. "Interaction d'une onde de souffle avec une mousse liquide : atténuation et rupture." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S067/document.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid foams are used in various domains in our everyday life. Their excellent ability to dissipate energy makes foams widely used in the military domain to mitigate blast waves produced after an explosion. In this Thesis, we have designed an original experimental setup allowing us to image the deformation of a liquid foam after the impact of a blast wave exiting a shock tube. We also measure the overpressure in the foam, within a range of 5 to 50\,kPa. We evidence a pressure attenuation, increasing and then saturating at increasing bubble size, while all the other parameters of the foam, especially liquid fraction, are kept constant. Those results are interpreted with a thermal dissipation model at the bubble scale, suggesting the existence of a maximum dissipation for a given bubble size. We then characterise the wave velocity in the foam. At small amplitudes, the velocity follows Wood's model, based on linear propagation in an effective continuous medium. At greater amplitudes, we show the apparition of a non-linear regime, with a higher propagation velocity and a lower attenuation, those two features being captured theoretically and numerically. Close to the source, the foam is destroyed by the shock. We close our study with more qualitative results on the quantity of destroyed foam and the propagation velocity of the rupture front, which have been evidenced for the first time in a three-dimensional foam
Magdeleine, Sylvain. "Démonstration de la potentialité des méthodes de SND diphasique à renseigner les modèles moyennés : Application à la colonne à bulles." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0181.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is a part of a long term project that aims at using two-phase Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) in order to give information to averaged models. For now, it is limited to isothermal bubbly flows with no phase change. It could be subdivided in two parts : Firstly, theoretical developments are made in order to build an equivalent of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for two-phase flows called Interfaces and Sub-grid Scales (ISS). After the implementation of the ISS model in our code called Trio_U, a set of various cases is used to validate this model. Then, special test are made in order to optimize the model for our particular bubbly flows. Thus we showed the capacity of the ISS model to produce a cheap pertinent solution. Secondly, we use the ISS model to perform simulations of bubbly flows in column. Results of these simulations are averaged to obtain quantities that appear in mass, momentum and interfacial area density balances. Thus, we processed to an a priori test of a complete one-dimensional averaged model. We showed that this model predicts well the simplest flows (laminar and monodisperse). Moreover, the hypothesis of one pressure, which is often made in averaged model like CATHARE, NEPTUNE and RELAP5, is satisfied in such flows. At the opposite, without a polydisperse model, the drag is over-predicted and the uncorrelated Ai flux needs a closure law. Finally, we showed that in turbulent flows, fluctuations of velocity and pressure in the liquid phase are not represented by the tested averaged model
"Thermal radiation in single-bubble sonoluminescence." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892234.
Повний текст джерелаThesis submitted in: July 2003.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-114).
Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.
Tse Wang Kong = Dan pao sheng zhi fa guang de re fu she / Xie Honggang.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- General review of sonoluminescence --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Thermal light emission models --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation and structure of this thesis --- p.7
Chapter 2 --- "Bubble-wall Dynamics, Hydrodynamics and Ionization" --- p.9
Chapter 2.1 --- Uniform bubble model --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Bubble-wall dynamics --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Equation of state of the gas --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Temperature dynamics --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Ionization --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- Computational fluid mechanics model --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bubble-wall dynamics --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Hydrodynamics of the gas --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Equation of State of the gas --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Energy equation in the liquid --- p.17
Chapter 3 --- Thermal Radiation --- p.18
Chapter 3.1 --- Thermal electromagnetic fields --- p.20
Chapter 3.2 --- Generalized Kirchhoff's law --- p.22
Chapter 3.3 --- Thermal radiation from an absorbing object --- p.24
Chapter 3.4 --- Application to a slab --- p.26
Chapter 3.5 --- Application to a multilayered configuration --- p.29
Chapter 4 --- Absorption in a Multilayered Dielectric Sphere --- p.31
Chapter 4.1 --- Absorption cross-section for weakly absorbing sphere --- p.31
Chapter 4.2 --- Absorption cross-section for strongly absorbing sphere --- p.33
Chapter 4.3 --- Transfer matrix method --- p.33
Chapter 4.4 --- Calculation of the absorption cross-section --- p.39
Chapter 5 --- Collision Processes in a SL Bubble --- p.40
Chapter 5.1 --- Electron-ion Bremsstrahlung --- p.41
Chapter 5.2 --- Electron-ion Recombination --- p.43
Chapter 5.3 --- Electron-atom Bremsstrahlung --- p.43
Chapter 5.4 --- Effective Collision Frequency for a Maxwellian Plasma --- p.44
Chapter 6 --- Light Emission Models for a Sonoluminescing Bubble --- p.47
Chapter 6.1 --- The geometric optics model --- p.47
Chapter 6.2 --- The wave optics model --- p.48
Chapter 7 --- Thermal radiation from sonoluminescing bubbles --- p.50
Chapter 8 --- Effect of the light emission model --- p.53
Chapter 9 --- A more sophisticated model for collision processes --- p.58
Chapter 10 --- Effect of bubble temperature and water temperature --- p.65
Chapter 10.1 --- Effect of bubble temperature --- p.65
Chapter 10.2 --- Effect of water temperature --- p.68
Chapter 11 --- A more sophisticated hydro dynamic model --- p.70
Chapter 12 --- Degree of Strong Coupling and Summary --- p.94
Chapter 13 --- Conclusion --- p.98
Chapter 13.1 --- Summary --- p.98
Chapter 13.2 --- Suggestions for future work --- p.101
Chapter A --- Proof of the Reciprocity Theorem --- p.103
Chapter B --- Vector Spherical Harmonics --- p.105
Chapter C --- Collision frequencies and absorption coefficients --- p.107
Bibliography --- p.110
Liao, Danny Ke-Min, and 廖克敏. "A Thermal-Bubble-Based Micromachined Accelerometer." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50341559448020237673.
Повний текст джерела國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
95
A novel micromachined accelerometer based on micro thermal-bubble technology is proposed and demonstrated in this dissertation. Unlike the other techniques, the only moving element in this accelerometer is a small thermal-bubble created by using a high flux heater to vaporize the liquid contained in the micro chamber. The accelerometer consists mainly of a heating resistor, which creates a symmetrical temperature profile, and several pairs of temperature sensors placed symmetrically on either side of the heater. The bubble technology is employed due to the clear interface between thermal-bubble and working liquid, providing good thermal conduction and high density. The basic physical characteristics including the heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of this accelerometer have been analyzed and discussed in this work. The feasibility and performance of the proposed accelerometer are verified using numerical simulations and demonstrated experimentally using a designed test setup. The prototype devices indicate that a sensitivity of 200 mV/g for an operating power of 60 mW can be realized. The frequency response containing DI water is measured to be 200 Hz, and the corresponding noise equivalent acceleration is approximately 1 mg/Hz1/2. The results conclude that the presented design has better response and higher sensitivity comparing to its counterparts.
Fang, Jhao-Tian, and 方昭天. "Numerical Analysis of Micro Thermal Bubble Pump." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17940578714970443567.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
99
As technology advances, the development of micro-pumps are increasingly diverse, but the piezoelectric valve-less pump is still a problem of structural damage is not easy to replace. Although the research of valve-less micro thermal bubble pump has raised, but that did not have a lot of research and exploration guide. This study does some research about thermal bubble pump that change the pump size. The result is the flow rate is raised by changing pump size small to large, and get smaller pressure peak. At this situation that only change the surface tension to 2σ, 4σ, and 6σ. The results showed that the surface tension at 2σ get lower flow rate then original, and the surface tension at 2σ, 4σ, and 6σ no change obviously. The variation of peak pressure has increased to the positive direction with increasing surface tension. At this situation that only change the viscosity to 2μ and 4μ. The results showed that the viscosity at 2μ get lower flow rate then original, and the viscosity at 2μ and 4μ no change obviously. The variation of peak pressure has increased to the positive direction with increasing viscosity. Simulate changes frequency with the same watt and change watt setting with the same frequency, find the best situation is to find a fixed value of the bubble to grow is the best state of contraction.
Ching-FongLin and 林青鋒. "Experimental Studies of Bubble Dynamics with Thermal Bubble Valve Interaction in Micro Nozzle Channels." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03589920578240927340.
Повний текст джерелаJian, Ching-Sung, and 簡青松. "An Analysis of Thermal Stress in a Thermal Bubble Ink Jet Printhead." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13216169300067622367.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
84
In chapter 2, the stability problem of SHA is analyzed and an equation that demonstrates how some of the important specifications of amplifiers may affect the stability of closed-loop SHA is derived. In chapter 3, based on the fully differential "gain-enhanced unity-gain amplifier", a 8-bit, lOOMSamples/sec, fully differential CMOS SHA is designed and implemented by using an 0.8um, N-well, DPDM CMOS process. In chapter 4, a novel macromodel for SHA which includes its important characteristics is proposed.
Huang, Nan-Jia, and 黃南嘉. "Studies of Thermal Bubble Pump for Heat Transfer Technology." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90371696427468419766.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系碩博士班
96
The focus of this study is to solve the problem of high pressure drop when fluid passes through the vapor line in micro capillary pumped loop, MCPL. In this study, MEMS technology is used to fabricate thermal bubble pump that has constant heat flux to investigate the mechanism of driving bubbles. By surface modification, the micro channel has hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The distribution of surface free energy will make bubbles move without external force. Because the TaAl alloy can’t stand the high temperature (630℃) of thermal fusion bonding, this study carries out a low temperature (180℃) bonding method. The device fabricates successfully by using PDMS as the intermediate layer between two substrates. In the experiment, observation of flow visualization is used to investigate the bubble phenomenon including nucleation, growth, and movement. Effects of different heater position with the same heat flux and different heat fluxes in the same position were compared. Furthermore, the effect of channel width is discussed. The result reveals that when channel width is 500micron, heater in the geometry change of channel (h2) is the best position to observe bubbles move or not. When 10V (93mW) is applied to h2, bubble will grow to 1000micron length and reach thermal equilibrium. However, at this state the bubble only oscillates. When channel width reduce to 100micron and 6.2V (76mW) is applied to the heater, the bubble will move forward continuously and have the effect of heat transfer.
Zou, Bo-Hong, and 鄒伯鴻. "Novel design of microheater and research of thermal bubble growth." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38329780410311838326.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
97
The target of this research is to establish an observation system of thermal bubble and to design and fabricate the micro-heater in order to discuss the thermal bubble behavior for combining the mixer in our Lab and helping to mix faster and good mixing efficiency. In fabrication of micro-heater, this research focus on the design of micro-heater and the choice of materials further. For design, we use single mask to fabricate the heater replacing several masks for saving the fabricating time. For the materials, we choose the Ta to be the material to replace polysilicon and expensive material Pt which were usually used in past. In the system of observation system, we design a flash observation system to substitute for the expensive high speed CCD for saving the money. Using high light LED to flash for freezing the thermal bubble instant behavior and using the ordinary CCD system to catch movie of bubbles. Finally, using the cutting soft to get the pictures of instant bubble behavior to know the bubble growth and shrink for the combination of our Lab mixer in the future. Finally, we’ll discuss bubble sizes between frequencies and voltages and the feasibility of observation system. We can know the micro-heater in this research can generate well bubbles in low frequencies. And the advantages of the micro-heater in this research, like low resistance, heat-resistant degree, and good heat dissipation, contribute to improve the heat dissipation and the strength of the Pt micro-heater for increasing the life of the heater.
Tseng, Ke-hsin, and 曾可欣. "Single-Cell Separation by Thermal Bubble Actuation in Microfluidic Chips." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56159713231576343818.
Повний текст джерелаYan-HaoLiu and 劉彥豪. "Experimental Studies of Thermal Bubble Driven Mechanism in a Microchannel Loop." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41953765258871634202.
Повний текст джерелаLiou, Jia-huang, and 劉家隍. "Numerical Simulation of Boiling Process and Application on Thermal Bubble Inkjet." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77759424148336890212.
Повний текст джерела國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
97
With technology changing at such a rapid pace of modern micro-electronic components and the trend of chip-intensive and more rapid speed of operation with, more power required, it result in producing a more substantial amount of heat. In order to solve problems caused by heat generation of these small electronic components, the method of phase change liquid cooling may be a promising solution. In this study, the effects of static angle and change surface roughness are investigated to observe physics property and heat flux in the pool boiling. The bubble growth rate, boiling curves, bubble growth and depart diameter and steam bubble pressures are obtained by numerical simulations. Finally, this approach of numerical simulation of boiling is also applied on a simple micro-thermal bubble inkjet. The nozzle diameter is use as a parameter to observed shape and behavior of inkjet droplet. The results may be use as the design parameters for the next new inkjet design.
Lin, An-Hung, and 林安宏. "Study on the Application and Simulation Analysis of Thermal Bubble Micropump." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7zsq64.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
冷凍空調工程系所
93
In recent years, as the micro-system fabrication technology continues to advance, the production of many products has employed micro-system fabrication technology for mass production, thus, to reduce the cost and improve the product quality. Among the micro-system technology, micropump technology has gradually developed. Since the droplets dispersed by the micropump are minute, the droplet quality is consistent, and the amount of injection could be accurately controlled, it is feasible for application on electronics cooling. The developed micropump technology has been applied to wider fields. Thus, if the overall efficiency of micropump could be improved, the development of micropump could be enhanced. Therefore, this study discussed the use of micropump technology on cooling of heated surface, and the effect on refined micropump on overall injection and replenish efficiency. This study used CFD-RC commonly used in the micro-system field for analysis and simulation of the droplet injection speed, shape and path were simulated in the arrayed micropump. In the analysis of the droplet impacting the heated surfaced, the variables of fluid types, injection distance, droplet size, and hydrophile of the heated surface were analyzed by using CFD-RC to discuss the splash of the droplet when impacting the heated surface and the change of heat convection of the heated surface. The analysis of the refined micropump nozzle analyzed the droplet injection of different fluids and array effects. The results showed that as the hydrophile of heated surface improves (the contact angle decreases), the heated surface is more likely to disperse ethanol and the injection distance is larger. As the impacting force of the droplet on the heated surface increases, the droplet is more likely to splash on the heated surface, and is more effective in removing the surface heat. The refined nozzle is connected to coned channel and is affected by the channel, thus, the simulation results showed faster injection speed and better work fluid replenish efficiency than previous researches. The films shot with Schlieren show the evaporation of the droplet into gas upon impacting the heated surface. As for the refined micropump, in the simulation and experiment results, the shapes of the droplets were similar, and the injection speed of the convergent micropump【A】is 1m/s faster than that of divergent micropump【B】.
Ning, Yu-Tzong, and 甯煜宗. "On The Fabrication of Valve-Less Micro-Pump Actuated By Thermal Bubble." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07969059566313251340.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
96
Because the problem about energy need is more and more serious, all countries in Earth are researching the alternative energy. Fuel cell is very popular and important in many energy researches. In many kinds of them, DMFC has potential to miniaturize for the portable equipment above them. It has some advantage: no fuel reformer, low operation temperature, safe fuel storage and transport, and etc. It can be easy to carry on one’s person after miniaturization. In real experiment, it use only 3% ~ 10% solution of Methanol in water, so the energy density is very low. However, the total chemical reaction results in producing power, water and carbon dioxide. So if the water can be recycled to mix with methanol, the fuel concentration in cartridges may raise. The energy density is raised. How does the water and methanol be driven in miniaturized DMFC? A Micropump is wished to be used! The Voltage that DMFC outputs is very low. Few micropumps can be driven. So we choose micropump by thermal bubble actuated according to the properties of DMFC. In the meanwhile, it is looked forward to have high operation efficiency, so the valve-less design is also considered. Except the studies of the operation principles, this thesis focuses on the design issues and manufactures of the micropump. This micropump has three parts: (1) Thermal bubble actuator that is made by electric igniting device because it raises temperature fast in short time. It has low resistance, so it can be driven by low voltage. (2) Chamber where the phase of working fluid changes when it sucks heat transferred from actuator. (3) Nozzle-Diffuser channel that can rectify net flow in specified direction. This micropump chip is come true by MEMS and Anodic bonding successfully. In experiments, the peak power is fixed and the square wave or pulse function can switch the power supply and set the heating time. That is duty cycle. the flow rate and difference between them are be measured by changing the frequency or heating time. Then the average input power is discussed with the flow rate and frequency. According to the experiment that has been done, the maximum flow rate is 5.027μl/min under 10Hz operating frequency and 4375μs(about 0.044% duty cycle) and it consumes 67.2mW. When the operating frequency or heating time is raised, the flow rate isn’t guaranteed to raised, too. Preliminary result expresses that flow rates achieve the research before but consume lower power than them. In the future, the experiment is continued to gather more information to investigate the results.
Huang, Wen-Chou, and 黃文洲. "The investigation on factors of thermal bubble growth and dynamics after departure." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22863610154507926925.
Повний текст джерела雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
99
In this paper, a single bubble in a square vertical tube boiling heat transfer factors and detachment of motor behavior research. Square vertical tube were simulated at different heating area, viscosity, boundary conditions, size of the physical phenomena of bubble formation, while the square vertical tube boundary settings are the same. Different heating areas of the nucleation of the bubble and out of time, the bubble formation diameter changes over time, comparing internal overpressure bubble, bubble formation free energy compared to the bubble generation frequency, bubble deformation, thermal and thermal flux relationship, and found that the larger heating surface area of the smaller heat flux, the smaller the bubble departure diameter, from the greater frequency of such phenomena. The viscosity of each of the different liquids and the size of the container border to observe the bubble from the heating surface after the offset of the central axis, the stability of the flow field, made a considerable viscosity of the liquid Reynolds number, the greater the smaller the bubble, the central axis offset the smaller, the smaller the bubble deformation, the flow chart can be observed that the two sides of the vortex bubble presents a symmetrical phenomenon; when the container the larger the bubble from the boundary after the central axis of the heating surface of the smaller offset by the flow chart can be observed that the two sides of the vortex bubble presents a symmetrical phenomenon.
Wu, Ming-chang, and 吳明昌. "Thermal and fluid flow effects on bubble growth at a solidification front." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77074378727283601382.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
100
The study applies the phase-field method to simulate the behavior between bubble and liquid-solid front in the solidification. During the process, the two-phase flow module is used to match up with temperature and phase-field function to determine the percentage of- solid, liquid, and gas- in the domain. The governing equations for mass, momentum and energy contain coefficients which are related to percentage of phases.The result show that the surface tension and the temperature difference will influence the shape of bubble and the velocity of solidification.
"Micro bubble generation with micro watt power using carbon nanotube heating elements." 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893582.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi
Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- The Thermal Characteristic of the CNT Heater --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- CNT-Based Micro Bubble Generation in a Static Droplet of Water --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- CNT-Based Micro Bubble Transportation in a Micro Channel --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- CNT-Based Micro Bubble Stimulation by Pulsed Current --- p.4
Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON NANOTUBES --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) of Our Typical CNT Heater --- p.7
Chapter 2.2 --- The Humidity Coefficient of the Resistance (HCR) for Our Typical CNT Heater --- p.13
Chapter 2.3 --- The Conclusion of the CNT Heater's Thermal and Humidity Characteristics --- p.18
Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- MICRO BUBBLE GENERATION WITH MICRO WATT POWER USING CARBON NANOTUBE HEATING ELEMENTS --- p.19
Chapter 3.1 --- Micro Electrode Fabrication --- p.19
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Methods for Metal Electrode Fabrication --- p.20
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Two Micro Fabrication Methods --- p.22
Chapter 3.1.3 --- The Fabrication of Micro Electrodes for Our CNT Heater --- p.24
Chapter 3.1.4 --- The Mask Design for Metal Electrode Fabrication --- p.26
Chapter 3.2 --- The Micro Bubble Generation Experimental Procedure --- p.28
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Initial Analysis of the Experimental Device --- p.28
Chapter 3.3 --- Theoretical Analysis of Bubble Generation Temperature on the CNT Heater --- p.31
Chapter 3.3 --- The Analysis of the Micro Bubble Generation Experimental Results --- p.35
Chapter 3.4 --- The Conclusion of Bubble Generation in a Static Droplet of Water --- p.44
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED MICRO BUBBLE GENERATION IN A MICRO CHANNEL WITH DYNAMIC FLUID --- p.45
Chapter 4.1 --- Micro Channel Fabrication --- p.46
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Rapid Prototyping --- p.46
Chapter 4.1.2 --- PDMS Moulding --- p.47
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Irreversible Sealing --- p.49
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Mask Design --- p.50
Chapter 4.2 --- Experimental Setup --- p.51
Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Procedure --- p.53
Chapter 4.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.55
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion for Bubble Generation in the Micro Channel with Dynamic Fluid --- p.59
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CNT-BASED MICRO BUBBLE STIMULATION BY PULSED CURRENT --- p.60
Chapter 5.1 --- Attempt to Control the Micro Bubble Diameter --- p.61
Chapter 5.2 --- The Pulsed Current for Micro Bubble Departure in the Micro Channel --- p.63
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Manual Pulsed Current Stimulation for Micro Bubble Departure in the Micro Channel --- p.64
Chapter 5.2.2 --- The Pulsed Current Circuit for Micro Bubble Departure in the Micro Channel --- p.67
Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- FUTURE WORK AND SUMMARY --- p.70
Chapter 6.1 --- Future Work for Micro Bubble Generation Projects --- p.70
Chapter 6.1.1 --- The CNT-Based Micro Bubble Generation with Various Values of Input Current --- p.70
Chapter 6.1.2 --- The CNT Heater in the Zig-Zag Micro Channel --- p.71
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Summary --- p.72
APPENDIX A --- p.73
Fabrication Process --- p.73
Chapter I. --- Micro Electrode Fabrication --- p.73
Chapter II. --- Micro Channel Fabrication --- p.75
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.76
Chang, Cheng-Ming, and 張正明. "Visualization and Measurement of Droplet Ejection from High-Resolution Thermal-Bubble Inkjet Printhead." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hvs2b4.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
機械工程研究所碩士在職專班
96
This study visualizes and measures the droplet ejection process of a high-resolution thermal-bubble inkjet printhead. A simple system utilizes the synchronization of the stroboscope, which consist of a set of optical lens, a function generator, and an image grabber, to record the droplets image at different delay time and analyze the length, flying speed and size of droplets. Also, the influences of voltage, pulse width, frequency, and the different viscosity of ink on droplet ejection process are discussed in order to know the relation between the inkjet signals and droplet ejection behavior, and then compare it with related records of documents. Finally, the signals of the inkjet printhead from a genuine printer are measured to investigate the relation of signal and the printing quality. This study finds that the voltage and pulse width are two key factors for providing stable heat flux, and by adjusting frequency one can adapt for various types of paper and printing effect. Further, during the lead time of developing inkjet printhead, this experimental system can be used to measure the correct signals and hence prevent heater burnout by misoperation. Moreover, this system can be utilized to adjust the frequency and change the ink characteristic in order to meet with the requirement of printing quality and to reduce the lead time and development costs.
Lin, Yu-Hsin, and 林郁欣. "Development of Integrated Micro Platinum Temperature Sensors in A Novel Thermal Bubble Actuator." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82793153336198820933.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系碩博士班
92
In this thesis, novel thermal bubble actuator has been designed and fabricated for bubble actuator studies. Micro platinum heaters and temperature sensors are integrated within the actuator to study the detailed dynamics of the thermal bubble actuator. Each actuator contains four sets of microheaters/microsensors in the firing chamber, and one set of microheater for the surface tension breaker at the nozzle exit. By actuating the microheater array, the bubble can be generated to eject the liquid droplet out of micro nozzle. According to the number of the microheater actuated, the volume of the liquid droplet can be controlled. Bubbles generated in the firing chamber not only function as a pump, but also serve as a flow regulator between the chamber and the liquid supply. This mechanism can eliminate the bottleneck design, which is use for hydrodynamics cross talk in a conventional inkjet printhead. To investigate the dynamics of the novel thermal bubble actuator, a high speed microscopic imaging system was developed. The high-speed microscopic imaging system will help us diagnose the bubble nucleation, bubble growth and collapse, droplet breakup process, as well as the refilling process. From testing results of the experiment by using a commercial actuator HP ink-jet printhead, the performance of HPc6614d No.20 ink-jet printhead still has plenty of room to be improved. For example, the satellite droplets are found in HP printhead. Satellite droplets means non-uniform droplet sizes, which will degrade the printing quality. For the current thermal bubble actuator, surface tension breaker was design to manipulate the surface tension at the nozzle exit, which use to eliminate satellite droplets.
(9802553), Nur Hassan. "Bubble rise phenomena in various non-Newtonian fluids." Thesis, 2011. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Bubble_rise_phenomena_in_various_non-Newtonian_fluids/13459244.
Повний текст джерела鄭守焜. "An Analysis on Thermal Bubble Behavior under Various Viscosity of Liquids and Pulse Power of Microheater." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78643502979670610551.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
機械工程系所
96
The present study purposes to experimentally examine the influence of liquid properties, hydrophilic conditions, and power on thermal bubble behavior. The CCD camera connected to a video recorder is utilized to visualize thermal bubble formation and growth process, and defined the advisable range for the application of bubble actuation for various viscosity of liquids, hydrophilic conditions, and power. Some significant physical parameters are define, and the thermodynamic behavior of thermal bubble is discussed in detail at various viscosity of liquids, hydrophilic conditions, power and various of the physical parameters. Experimental results show obvious influences of viscosity, hydrophilic conditions on the advisable range for application of bubble actuation. The instability of bubble formation and growth process take place for various hydrophilic conditions. Experimental results show the obvious influences of viscosity, hydrophilic conditions, and power on contact diameter between bubble and surface, height of the thermal bubble, and volume of the thermal bubble.
黃正翰. "Design, Fabrication and Measurement of A Thermal Bubble Actuated Microfluidic Chip with Microvalve, Micropump and Micromixer." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68285113202469519194.
Повний текст джерела逢甲大學
電機與通訊工程博士學位學程
101
This study presents the implementation of a thermal bubble actuated microfluidic chip with microvalve, micropump and micromixer, based on a simple process with SOI wafer. Only two photolithography processes were required to provide an effective means of manufacturing the vertical bulk microheater and high-aspect-ratio microchannel for microfluidic applications. The static and dynamic electro-thermal coupling behaviors of the proposed resistive silicon-based microheater were evaluated by finite element analysis to provide an applicable design. The feasibility of each actuation element has also been verified by experiments. Experimental results show that the sizes of thermal bubbles, at flow rates less than 4.5 μl/s, can be controlled steadily by applying the magnitude of direct current that meets the requirement of a microvalve to modulate flow rate. When applying an alternating current with high frequency to the microheater, thermal bubbles could grow cyclically and collapse rapidly, so the liquid stream could be regulated by the repeated volume change of thermal bubbles. A better pumping efficiency of flow rate 4.5 μl/s was obtained under the driving voltage with a frequency of 60 Hz and 30% duty ratio. The mixing test of the multi-layer fluidics with laminar flow also was successfully implemented by using the volume of thermal bubble to create turbulent flow in the fluids. With no moving parts, the proposed microfluidic chip is well designed with high performance and reliability.
Pradeep, M. "Bubble and conical forms of vortex breakdown in swirling jets." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4947.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Hsiang-lin, and 楊翔麟. "The effect of thermal and fluid flow on the bubble growth and pore formation during the solidification." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cc4g7u.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
101
This study applies the phase-field method to simulate the behavior between bubble and liquid-solid front. Using the two-dimensional two-phase flow module and match up with temperature function to determine the solid, liquid and gas domain. The governing equations for the relative percentage of phases contain momentum, mass, energy and concentration equations. The result shows that the greater effect on the interface will easily influence the shape of bubble .
Lan, Shun-Lung, and 藍順隆. "Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Gravity and Liquid Hydrophobicity on Thermal Bubble Growth Behavior on Thin Film Heater." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68267138405387403737.
Повний текст джерелаChang, Hsien-Chun, and 張賢俊. "Thermal Damping in Bubbly Flows." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/845669.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
90
One-dimensional bubbly flows through converging-diverging nozzles are investigated using a two-fluid model. Effects associated with both translational and radial relative motions between bubbles and liquid are incorporated. Calculation of a subsonic case is performed first and shows good agreement with experiments. The model is then applied to critical (or choked) flow situations studied previously by Muir and Eichhorn (1963). In their experiments, Muir and Eichhorn found larger critical pressure ratios (which are defined as the ratio of the pressure in the throat to that in the reservoir under choked conditions) and flow rates than homogeneous flow theory. They measured significant slip between phases which, therefore, was speculated to be responsible for these discrepancies. It is demonstrated in this paper that the phase relative velocity and mass flow rates can be predicted reasonably well (within the experimental uncertainly) using the present model, however, can not fully compensate the critical pressure ratio. Other important features of the critical flows are also explored, including the formation of compression shock waves present in the divergent part of the nozzle. Our computations show that the pressure ratio across the shocks agree very well with the Hugoniot relation established by Thang and Davis (1981). We also examine the sensitivity of the flow field to the value the effective viscosity employed in the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. In order to describe the effects of heat diffusion during the variation of bubble volume, we modify the Rayleigh-Plesset equation to in corporate the thermal damping into the present model. Both the subsonic flows and the supersonic flows are revisited. Results obtained show that the flashing instability of the bubbly flows can be stabilized by the thermal damping effects.
Sutradhar, Jagannath. "Transport, localization and entanglement in disordered and interacting systems: From real space to Fock space." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5592.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Chiao Yin, and 王蕎茵. "Evaluation of radiofrequency ablation based on ultrasound detection of thermal-induced gas bubbles." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107CGU05521011%22.&searchmode=basic.
Повний текст джерелаCheng, Po-Yuan, and 鄭博元. "An aptamer-conjugated bubble-generating liposomal system for thermo-responsive controlled release." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30700716842171768646.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Yu-Chun, and 李郁君. "Development of a thermo-sensitive bubble-generating liposomal system for anti-cancer therapy." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03963066483101788071.
Повний текст джерелаChang, Chia Ming, and 張家銘. "The Dynamic Interactions of Dual Thermal Bubbles with Delayed Heating Pulse under High Heat Flux." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54974811307867732057.
Повний текст джерела國立清華大學
奈米工程與微系統研究所
103
In this study, delay times of explosive dual microbubbles are controlled precisely to understand the complex and dynamic phenomenon of dual bubbles interactions. The interactions have been characterized in terms of maximal bubble size, sink/source flow, bubble pressure, and useful work. For DT = 0 μs, dual bubbles are produced simultaneously,and the produced pressures inhibit the growth ofeach other. The sizes of those are slightly smaller than thatof a single bubble. For DT = 2 μs, the pressure generated from the second (right) bubble affects the growth of the first (left) bubble in the beginning and poses the first bubble growth slower than the single bubble. When the first (left) bubble starts to collapse, the surrounding flow field induces a sink flow to promote the growth of the second (right) bubble. As the first (left) bubble rebounds, the peak pressure produced by the rebound leads to a rapid collapse of the second (right) bubble. For DT = 8 μs, the first (right) bubble keeps following the history of the single bubble because there is no influence from the second(right) one. As the first bubble rebounds in the same condition, the volume history of the second bubble drops and deviates from the original track of the single bubble. The dynamics of a high heat flux thermal bubble is constrained by the thermal energy carried on the bubble surface right after the bubble formation because of thermal isolation of vapor. This paper proposes a way by assigning time delays between dual bubbles to effectively transfer energy from one bubble into the other, thus breaks energy limitation that one single bubble can usually carry. Experiment result has demonstrated that the useful work as large as 40% can be transferred from one bubble into the other for the ignition time delay set between 2 and 3 μs in a dual bubble system. At the same time, the total extractable useful work in a dual bubble system is 20% higher than twice that of a single bubble system with the same input heat energy. This phenomenon opens up a new way to transfer or concentrate energies from distributed energy sources with limit energy density into a much higher one for higher power application.
Yen-Liang, Lin, and 林彥良. "The Dynamic Interactions of Triple Thermal Bubbles with Delayed Heating Pulse under High Heat Flux." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89319711949130963757.
Повний текст джерела陳可潔. "Development of a Thermo-responsive Bubble-generating Liposomal System and its Application for Drug Delivery." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74126841312323543354.
Повний текст джерела國立清華大學
化學工程學系
101
The therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapy is optimal only when tumor cells have maximum drug exposure. A thermoresponsive liposomal formulation (ThermoDox; Lysolipid liposomes) rapidly releases DOX in regions where local tissue temperatures are elevated to at least 40 °C. Although Lysolipid liposomes have considerable therapeutic potential, roughly 50% of encapsulated DOX is released within 1 h in physiological environments. Lysolipid dissociation from liposomes, which is mediated by plasma proteins, is a highly likely cause of their intravenous instability. Thus, in study I, a thermoresponsive bubble-generating liposomal system that does not contain lysolipids was evaluated for its ability to trigger localized extracellular drug delivery. The key component in this liposomal formulation is encapsulated ammonium bicarbonate (ABC), which creates the transmembrane gradient needed for highly efficient DOX encapsulation. At an elevated temperature of 42 °C, ABC decomposition generates CO2 bubbles, creating permeable defects in the lipid bilayer that rapidly releases DOX and instantly increases the drug concentration locally. Because the generated CO2 bubbles are hyperechogenic, they also enhance ultrasound imaging results. Consequently, this novel liposomal system encapsulated with ABC may be able to monitor a temperature-controlled drug delivery process. Study II examined the feasibility of using this thermoresponsive bubble-generating liposomal system (ABC liposomes) for tumor-specific chemotherapy under mild hyperthermia. Incubation of ABC liposomes with rat whole blood resulted in a significantly smaller decrease in the retention of encapsulated DOX than that by Lysolipid liposomes, indicating superior plasma stability. Biodistribution study results demonstrate that the ABC formulation circulated longer than its Lysolipid counterpart. After the ABC liposome suspension was injected into mice with tumors that were heated locally, decomposition of the ABC encapsulated in liposomes facilitated immediate thermal activation for CO2 bubble generation, leading to increased intratumoral DOX accumulation. Consequently, the antitumor efficacy of ABC liposomes was superior to that of their Lysolipid counterparts. These analytical results indicate that this thermoresponsive bubble-generating liposomal system is a promising local drug delivery system activated at hyperthermia temperatures for tumor-specific chemotherapy. Since nonspecific distribution of therapeutic agents and nontargeted heating frequently cause undesirable side effects during cancer treatment, study III describes a novel liposomal system that can deliver both heat and a therapeutic agent, DOX, simultaneously into targeted tumor cells to exert its cytotoxicity intracellularly. A hybridized Mucin-1 aptamer was conjugated on the surface of test liposomes, which can function as a recognition probe to enhance their cell uptake, as well as a molecular beacon to signal when the internalized particles were maximized. Additionally, gold nanocages encapsulated in liposomes effectively converted near-infrared light irradiation into localized heat to directly damage cancerous cells and thermally trigger a high DOX release to reach the therapeutic threshold instantly. This combined treatment can significantly increase the drug potency, making it a promising approach for cancer therapy.
Shevkar, Prafulla Prakash. "Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Heat Transfer Enhancement During a Gas-Liquid Taylor Bubble Flow in a Mini/Microchannel." Thesis, 2016. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/9278/1/2016_MT_PPShevkar.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAlrowais, Raid. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of liquid droplets flashing for low cost seawater desalination." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662705.
Повний текст джерела