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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Ji, Fen Zhu, Yu Chen Guo, Fa Rong Du, Shu Chun Yang, and Bin Xu. "Research on the Performance of Space Liquid Lubrication System with Oil-Storage." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 2393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2393.

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Анотація:

The gravity oil feed method dose not suit for microgravity environment as the same way dose for ground lubrication system. It is the key problem to be solved that how to supply the oil to friction surface in space liquid lubrication system. It analyzed the lubricating manner. A space liquid lubrication system was designed based on a principle of using deformation energy to supply oil. In the analysis of its basic structure and operating principle, the film calculation mode was established based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. The lubricating performance was simulated by ANSYS finite element analysis software in microgravity. The calculation results show that: in the microgravity, it could achieve elastohydrodynamic lubrication on friction surface in this lubrication system. When the oil supply hole diameter is 2mm, the film-thickness ratio changes between 1.91 and 4.28. It belongs to elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The hole diameter decreases, the film thickness reduces. The minimum film-thickness ratio is 0.93 when the temperature changes widely from -50°C~+80°C. It belongs to boundary lubrication state.

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2

Scaraggi, M., and B. N. J. Persson. "Theory of viscoelastic lubrication." Tribology International 72 (April 2014): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2013.12.011.

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3

Zhang, Feng, Gong Bo Han, and Su Xia Duan. "Paper Machine Bearing’s Temperature and Air-Velocity Optimization under Air-Oil Lubrication." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 3054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.3054.

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The purpose of this resarch was investigated the air-oil temperature field distribution under air-oil lubrication and oil lublubrication, meanwhile also study the air-oil lubrication effect under different air velocity inlet the bearing cavities of the high-speed paper machine dryer section. Base on the CFD theory, the temperature field of CARB bearing outer ring and the velocity field of the bearing cavities were simulated by the FLUENT software.Result show that air-oil lubricatin can reach the same cooling effect is contras with oil lubrication in the same heat production by roller; the best air-velocity value of air-oil lubrication system is obtain for the change of temperature and pressure in bearing cavities. It is confirm that the air-oil lubrication is viable in the high-speed paper machine dryer section.

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4

Olver, A. V. "Gear lubrication—a review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 216, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065002760364804.

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The lubrication of gear teeth is reviewed including some key aspects of recent theoretical research and current practice. A simple estimate of the thickness of the lubricating film in a typical pair of spur gears is presented on the basis of classical smooth-body isothermal, elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. The deficiencies of this simple calculation are then discussed; these include roughness, friction, churning, starvation and contamination, all common features of practical gearing. Three simple methods are described for estimating the tooth temperature and its consequent effect on film thickness.

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5

Zhang, Sheng Fang, Jian Xiu Su, Jia Xi Du, and Ren Ke Kang. "Analysis on Contact Forms of Interface in Wafer CMP Based on Lubricating Behavior." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.313.

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Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the most widely used planarization technology in the semiconductor manufacturing process. In this paper, the distinguish method of lubricating behavior in wafer CMP had been analyzed in theory firstly. Then, the tests of wafer CMP with silicon wafer and deposited copper wafer at different polishing pressure had been done. By the test results, the Stribeck curves obtained showed obvious smooth. But in normal wafer CMP conditions, the friction coefficient of polishing area was above 0.1. By analyzing the experimental results, it was concluded that the lubrication state in CMP interface is belong to the boundary lubrication and the material removal is the process of bringing and removed of the chemical reaction boundary lubricating film on wafer surface constantly. The contact form between the Wafer and the polishing pad is the solid-solid contact. These results will provide theoretical guide to further understand the material removal mechanism of in wafer CMP. Keywords: Chemical mechanical polishing, material removal mechanism, lubrication form, boundary lubrication.

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6

Lampaert, Stefan G. E., and Ron A. J. van Ostayen. "Lubrication theory for Bingham plastics." Tribology International 147 (July 2020): 106160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106160.

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7

Jang, J. Y., and M. M. Khonsari. "On the granular lubrication theory." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 461, no. 2062 (August 26, 2005): 3255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1510.

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The governing equations for the flow of a granular material within the context of the lubrication theory are derived. The resulting analysis gives a generalized Reynolds equation that predicts the pressure generation capacity in a bearing with consideration of side flow. A series of simulations are presented that characterize the three-dimensional flow behaviour of powder in a slider bearing.

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8

Shukla, J. B., and D. Kumar. "A theory for ferromagnetic lubrication." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 65, no. 2-3 (March 1987): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(87)90075-8.

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9

Zheleznov, A. G., V. A. Godlevskiy, and O. V. Blinov. "Definition of Forming Processes Microparameters for Epitropic Liquid Crystal Boundary Lubrication Layers." Liquid Crystals and their Application 20, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18083/lcappl.2020.4.72.

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The kinetics theory of ordered boundary lubricating layer formation is presented. The theory contains the description of the formation of boundary lubricating layer from liquid lubricating media containing tribo-active adsorbing component. The expressions for specific forming time and thickness of the boundary lubrication layer in the conditions of the considered model are defined. The prospects of the mentioned parameters experimental definition they are marked out. The tribological efficiency parameter of tribological additive is introduced. This parameter can be evaluated in model physicochemical researches or by molecular modelling methods.

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10

Greenwood, James A. "Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication." Lubricants 8, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8050051.

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Анотація:

The development of EHL theory from its tentative beginnings is outlined, with an account of how Ertel explained its relation to Hertz contact theory. The problems caused by the failure of the early numerical analysts to understand that the film thickness depends on only two variables are emphasised, and answers of the form H = F ( P , S ) given. Early methods of measuring the film thickness are described, but these became archaic with the development of optical EHL. The behaviour of surface roughness as it passes through the high pressure region and suffers elastic deformation is described, and the implication for the traditional Λ -ratio noted. In contrast, the understanding of traction is far from satisfactory. The oil in the high pressure region must become non-Newtonian: the early explanation that the viscosity reduction is the effect of temperature proved inadequate. There must be some form of shear thinning (perhaps according to the Eyring theory), but also a limiting shear stress under which the lubricant shears as an elastic solid. It seems that detailed, and difficult, measurements of the high pressure, high shear-rate behaviour of individual oils are needed before traction curves can be predicted.

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11

Snidle, R. W., H. P. Evans, and M. P. Alanou. "Gears: Elastohydrodynamic lubrication and durability." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 214, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406001522796.

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The paper presents a brief review of developments in understanding of gear tooth contact lubrication in relation to problems of surface durability and distress. Gear tooth contacts tend to operate under conditions where the lubricating oil film is thin compared with surface roughness. This feature is shown to have a significant effect on scuffing capacity and friction and is also thought to be a factor in micropitting. Recent developments in thin-film micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory are described and these should lead to a better understanding of the behaviour and modes of surface distress in gears. The paper also describes the application of elastohydrodynamic analysis to other transmission components such as high-conformity gears and thrust cones.

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12

Meng, Guang Yao, Ji Wen Tan, and Yi Cui. "Grinding Fluid Flow Field Modeling and Multi-Parameter Numerical Analysis Based on Smooth Model." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.948.

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Relative motion between grinding wheel and workpiece makes the lubricant film pressure formed by grinding fluid in the grinding area increase, consequently, dynamic pressure lubrication forms. The grinding fluid flow field mathematical model in smooth grinding area is established based on lubrication theory. The dynamic pressure of grinding fluid field, flow velocity and carrying capacity of lubricating film are calculated by the numerical analysis method. An analysis of effect of grinding fluid hydrodynamic on the total lifting force is performed, and the results are obtained.

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13

Shapiro, Wilbur. "Impact on Reynolds Theory on Bearing and Seal Design." Journal of Tribology 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261325.

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Анотація:

The governing equation of lubrication theory was developed by Osborne Reynolds in 1886. Two-dimensional solutions to this equation were not obtained until many years afterwards, first by electric analog techniques and then by digital computer. Solving the equation has produced tremendous advances in bearing design and development and insight into the mechanisms of lubricating film behavior. This paper concentrates on some of the developments for solving the Reynolds’ equation and some applications that have followed a better understanding of fluid-film phenomena.

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14

Sykes, P., and J. M. Rallison. "Lubrication theory for a fibre suspension." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 71, no. 1-2 (July 1997): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(97)00014-1.

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15

Sykes, P., and J. M. Rallison. "Lubrication theory for a fibre suspension." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 71, no. 1-2 (July 1997): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(97)00015-3.

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16

Porte, Elze, Philippa Cann, and Marc Masen. "A lubrication replenishment theory for hydrogels." Soft Matter 16, no. 45 (2020): 10290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01236j.

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17

Gans, R. F. "Lubrication Theory at Arbitrary Knudsen Number." Journal of Tribology 107, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261103.

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It is demonstrated that the slip flow Reynolds equations for ultra low clearance gas bearings can be derived from kinetic theory by an approximation scheme appropriate for arbitrary Knudsen numbers. Thus the usefulness of the slip flow Reynolds equation is extended to cases where it would not be expected to hold.

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18

Myllerup, C. M., and B. J. Hamrock. "Perturbation Approach to Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927025.

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Three perturbation approaches that apply for regular hydrodynamic lubrication problems are discussed: a cross-film coordinate perturbation, an iterative scheme, and a regular perturbation in terms of the film aspect ratio. The methods are used to derive higher order terms for a driven corner flow with a Newtonian lubricant of constant properties. Reasons for preferring the regular perturbation scheme are presented, and this method is used to obtain the correct curvature correction in an infinitely long journal bearing. Criteria for identifying singular geometries in hydrodynamic lubrication are set fourth.

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19

Tichy, John A. "Lubrication Theory for Nematic Liquid Crystals." Tribology Transactions 33, no. 3 (January 1990): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402009008981966.

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20

Persson, B. N. J. "Theory of friction and boundary lubrication." Physical Review B 48, no. 24 (December 15, 1993): 18140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.18140.

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21

HARADA, Masami, and Hiroshi AOKI. "Turbulent lubrication theory for thrust bearings." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 53, no. 496 (1987): 2655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.53.2655.

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22

Banerjee, Mihir B., R. G. Shandil, S. P. Katyal, G. S. Dube, T. S. Pal, and K. Banerjee. "A nonlinear theory of hydrodynamic lubrication." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 117, no. 1 (July 1986): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-247x(86)90247-7.

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23

Li, Song Sheng, Zhi Hong Hu, Peng Zhou, Peng Chen, Xiao Yang Chen, Jia Ming Gu, and Li Xia Fu. "Analysis of Heating Performances for Ultra-High Speed Electric Spindle Bearings Based on the Energy Theory of TEHL in Point Contact State." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.135.

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To analyze the lubricating state and the heating performances of the spindle bearings in ultra-high speed electric spindles, taken the characteristics of oil-air lubrication into account and based on the theories about rolling bearing dynamics and thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication in point contact state, a model was built with the energy method for analyzing the heating performances the ball elements on both raceways in spindle bearings. An equation was derived for calculating the total quality of heat produced in a bearing. The influences of some basic factors such as the running speed, the axial preload, the oil viscidity, the design contact angle of bearing, and the ball materials and so on are analyzed on the heating performances in a bearing. The results show that it is easy to come into being elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication state for a bearing running in an ultra high-speed and lubricated by oil-air. It is also shown that the higher speed is, the more the quality of heat produced inside the oil films in the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication state will be, which will bring the bearings working conditions worse.

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24

Dai, R. X., Q. Dong, and A. Z. Szeri. "Approximations in Hydrodynamic Lubrication." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920853.

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Анотація:

In this numerical study of the approximations that led Reynolds to the formulation of classical Lubrication Theory, we compare results from (1) the full Navier-Stokes equations, (2) a lubrication theory relative to the “natural,” i.e., bipolar, coordinate system of the geometry that neglects fluid inertia, and (3) the classical Reynolds Lubrication Theory that neglects both fluid inertia and film curvature. By applying parametric continuation techniques, we then estimate the Reynolds number range of validity of the laminar flow assumption of classical theory. The study demonstrates that both the Navier-Stokes and the “bipolar lubrication” solutions converge monotonically to results from classical Lubrication Theory, one from below and the other from above. Furthermore the oil-film force is shown to be invariant with Reynolds number in the range 0 < R < Rc for conventional journal bearing geometry, where Rc is the critical value of the Reynolds number at first bifurcation. A similar conclusion also holds for the off-diagonal components of the bearing stiffness matrix, while the diagonal components are linear in the Reynolds number, in accordance with the small perturbation theory of DiPrima and Stuart.

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25

Montmitonnet, Pierre. "Plasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (PHD) – application of lubrication theory to metal forming processes." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics 2, no. 5 (July 2001): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1296-2147(01)01215-x.

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26

Lee, S. C., and H. S. Cheng. "Scuffing Theory Modeling and Experimental Correlations." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920624.

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The scuffing behavior for contacts operating in the partial elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime is shown to be greatly affected by the asperity contact temperatures and the lubricant pressures inside the elastohydrodynamic lubrication conjunction. A scuffing model which takes into account the temperature and pressure effects for predicting the onset of scuffing failure has been developed. This model is based on the lubricant molecule physisorption theory and is capable of predicting the scuffing failures for general contact conditions including the boundary lubrication contacts and the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (ehl) contacts. A preliminary investigation into this model showed a good correlation existing between the theory and some scuffing experiment results conducted on a twin disk machine. However, more experimentation is necessary to further ascertain the validity of this new model. To validate the new scuffing theory, a method for calculating the asperity flash temperatures is formulated. The flash temperature calculations were performed using the actual digitized run-in surface profiles of the mating bodies. The necessary informations for calculating the flash temperatures such as, the real areas of contact and the asperity contact pressures were all determined using a recently developed rough surface contact simulation model.

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27

Chu, Li Ming, and Hsiang Chen Hsu. "A Layered-Rheology Model for Thin Film Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Circular Contacts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.160.

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The modified Reynolds equation for power-law fluid is derived from the viscous adsorption theory for thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TFEHL) of circular contacts. The lubricating film between solid surfaces is modeled as three fixed layers, which are two adsorption layers on each surface and a middle layer. The differences between classical EHL and TFEHL with non-Newtonian lubricants are discussed. Results show that the TFEHL power law model can reasonably calculate the pressure distribution, the film thickness, and the velocity distribution. The thickness and viscosity of the adsorption layer and the flow index influence significantly the lubrication characteristics of the contact conjunction.

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28

Chu, Li-Ming, Hsiang-Chen Hsu, and Chia-Hsiang Su. "POWER LAW FLUID MODEL INCORPORATED INTO THIN FILM ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION OF CIRCULAR CONTACTS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 3 (September 2015): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0042.

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Анотація:

The modified Reynolds equation for power-law fluid is derived from the viscous adsorption theory for thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TFEHL) of circular contacts. The lubricating film between solid surfaces is modeled as three fixed layers, which are two adsorption layers on each surface and a middle layer. The differences between classical EHL and TFEHL with power-law lubricants are discussed. Results show that the TFEHL power law model can reasonably calculate the pressure distribution, the film thickness, and the velocity distribution. The thickness and viscosity of the adsorption layer and the flow index significantly influence the lubrication characteristics of the contact conjunction.

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29

Zhao, Jin Zhi, Yuan Tao Liu, and Ze Xiang Zhao. "Research on Web-Based Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Oil Theory of Rolling Bearing Type Planetary Friction Transmission Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.155.

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Service mode and dynamic network interfere techniques are analyzed. An elastohydrodynamic lubrication oil thickness theory of rolling bearing type planetary friction transmission mechanism system based on web is presented.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory is adopted in rolling bearing type planetary friction transmission mechanism in this paper. Research indicates that elastohydrodynamic oil file lubrication can be realized while mechanical parts with connection between points or lines run under certain conditions. At the same time, surface disrepair of the parts has relation to lubrication state. Minimal oil film thickness formula is deduced based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. It is a part of He’nan Scientific Committee science and technology research projects 《research on collaborative design and manufacturing technique in gear manufacturing based on network and multi-Agent》

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30

Chien, S. Y., and M. S. Cramer. "Load and loss for high-speed lubrication flows of pressurized gases between non-concentric cylinders." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 867 (March 20, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.113.

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Анотація:

We examine the high-speed flow of pressurized gases between non-concentric cylinders where the inner cylinder rotates at constant speed while the outer cylinder is stationary. The flow is taken to be steady, two-dimensional, compressible, laminar, single phase and governed by a Reynolds lubrication equation. Approximations for the lubricating force and friction loss are derived using a perturbation expansion for large speed numbers. The present theory is valid for general Navier–Stokes fluids at nearly all states corresponding to ideal, dense and supercritical gases. Results of interest include the observation that pressurization gives rise to large increases in the lubricating force and decreases in the fluid friction. The lubrication force is found to scale with the bulk modulus. Within the context of the Reynolds equation an exact relation between total heat transfer and power loss is developed.

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31

Hart, Edward, Elisha de Mello, and Rob Dwyer-Joyce. "Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 1: An introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory." Wind Energy Science 7, no. 3 (May 17, 2022): 1021–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1021-2022.

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Анотація:

Abstract. This paper is the first in a two-part study on lubrication in wind turbine main bearings. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication is a complex field, the formulas and results from which should not be applied blindly, but with proper awareness and consideration of their context, validity and limitations in any given case. The current paper, “Part 1”, therefore presents an introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory in order to provide this necessary background and context in an accessible form, promoting cross-disciplinary understanding. Fundamental concepts, derivations and formulas are presented, followed by the more advanced topics of starvation, non-steady effects, surface roughness interactions and grease lubrication. “Part 2” applies the presented material in order to analyse wind turbine main-bearing lubrication in the context of available film thickness formulas and related results from lubrication theory. Aside from the main-bearing, the material presented here is also applicable to other lubricated non-conformal contacts in wind turbines, including pitch and yaw bearings and gear teeth.

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32

Yu, Xiao Dong, Hong Jun Xiang, Xiao Zhong Lou, Xiu Li Meng, Hui Jiang, Wei Dong Ji, Chang Qing Yang, and Xian Zhu Sun. "Influence Research of Velocity on Lubricating Properties of Sector Cavity Multi-Pad Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1104.

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Анотація:

Lubricating characteristics of sector cavity multi-pad hydrostatic thrust bearing are affected significantly by velocity, poor design can cause lubricant film rupture and dry friction, even leading to failure of hydrostatic bearing tribology. For this problem, the Computational Fluid Dynamics and the lubrication theory have been used to analyze velocity characteristics of the parameters such as cavity pressure of oil, oil cavity flow and film thickness, to gain relationship between velocity and lubricating properties of sector cavity multi-pad hydrostatic thrust bearing, avoiding the occurrence of hydrostatic bearing tribological failure. It is shown that along with the speed of the worktable increasing, the flow of lubricant oil caused by inertia and centrifugal force become larger, the flow of efflux from the oil cavity also become larger, causing the pressure drop of the oil cavity, the thinning of the film thickness, the occurrence of film rupture and dry friction and failure of hydrostatic bearing tribology. The study provides the basic data for the hydrostatic thrust bearing design, the lubrication and the experiment, implements of the prediction of the hydrostatic thrust bearing lubrication velocity characteristics, and reaches the purpose of reducing economic loss.

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33

Colburn, Matthew, Byung Jin Choi, S. V. Sreenivasan, Roger T. Bonnecaze, and C. Grant Willson. "Ramifications of lubrication theory on imprint lithography." Microelectronic Engineering 75, no. 3 (September 2004): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2004.05.010.

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34

GORLA, Rama Subba Reddy, and Daniel A. CATALANO. "Foil bearing lubrication theory including compressibility effects." JSME international journal. Ser. 3, Vibration, control engineering, engineering for industry 32, no. 2 (1989): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec1988.32.289.

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35

Wilson, W. R. D., and X. B. Huang. "Theory of Viscoplastic Lubrication: Part 2—Applications." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920908.

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The Reynolds equations for viscoplastic lubricants can be quite complex, involving multiple branches which depend on the form of the boundary conditions invoked in their development. Methods of visualizing and understanding the branching problem are explored. This information is used, together with the Reynolds equations developed in the companion paper, in analyses of the lubrication of a wide slider bearing and a metalforming inlet zone. The results of these analyses are used to draw general conclusions regarding the influence of different types of non-Newtonian behavior.

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36

Lugt, P. M., and G. E. Morales-Espejel. "A Review of Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory." Tribology Transactions 54, no. 3 (March 31, 2011): 470–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2010.551804.

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37

Cimatti, Giovanni. "Perturbation techniques in the theory of lubrication." Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 44, no. 1 (April 1, 1986): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/qam/840447.

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38

Cemal Eringen, A., and Kanzo Okada. "A lubrication theory for fluids with microstructure." International Journal of Engineering Science 33, no. 15 (December 1995): 2297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7225(95)00071-5.

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39

Cook, A. E. "Some asymptotic results in hydrodynamic lubrication theory." Applied Mathematical Modelling 9, no. 1 (February 1985): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(85)90144-1.

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40

Rowe, G. W. "Theory and practice of lubrication for engineers." International Journal of Machine Tool Design and Research 25, no. 1 (January 1985): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7357(85)90063-0.

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41

Cohen, Sara A. "A free boundary problem in lubrication theory." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 126, no. 1 (August 1987): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-247x(87)90080-1.

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42

Liu, Xue Gong, Zhan Guo Li, and Zha La Wang. "Research on Oil Monitoring of Heavy Vehicles Based on Information Entropy Theory." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1391.

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This paper is mainly about the experiment research of oil monitoring for a kind of special heavy vehicle’s transmission system. The wear elements in lubrication oil of a heavy vehicle’s transmission system were analyzed by the spectroscopic analysis method, and gear’s wear status was studied. Probability density function and probability distribution function of wear information about the elements in lubricating oil were calculated by the maximum entropy theory. The running cut-off point is obtained for diagnostic criteria of the vehicle’s failure, which provided evidence for monitoring and judging the reliability of the vehicle’s wear.

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43

Chamniprasart, K., A. Al-Sharif, K. R. Rajagopal, and A. Z. Szeri. "Lubrication With Binary Mixtures: Bubbly Oil." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920999.

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Mixtures do not exhibit Newtonian behavior even when their individual components themselves are Newtonian, and thus classical lubrication theory is not applicable to bearings lubricated with mixtures. Our objective is to extend hydrodynamic lubrication theory to lubrication with mixtures of a Newtonian liquid and an ideal gas. To this end, we make use of the theory of interacting continua and derive two coupled non-linear equations in component densities. The extended theory is tested on finite journal bearings: our results for pressure distribution show good qualitative agreement with the experimental data of Braun et al.

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44

Wang, Lili, Xingtang Zhao, Shaohui Guo, and Min Wang. "Tribological properties of surface microtexture friction pairs under different lubrication conditions." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 10 (October 2019): 168781401988156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019881569.

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In the field of journal bearings, the microtexture processing technology of the bush inner surface has become an effective way to improve the performance of journal bearing. The two-dimensional finite element model of microtexture surface with different shapes of friction pairs is established based on the Navier–Stokes (N-S) equation, and the effect of lubrication conditions on the frictional performance of friction pairs is analyzed. Four microtextures that are radial grooves, circular pits, local reticulation, and circumferential grooved microtexture are processed by laser microcarving on the surface of specimen, and three different lubricating medium conditions are set up with high-viscosity oil, low-viscosity oil, and oil–solid mixture, and the effect of lubrication condition and texture shape on the wear reduction of the microtexture friction pair is studied. Results show that the concave microtexture and the radial groove can improve effectively the friction performance of the friction pair. The microtexture can effectively store the lubricating medium and wear abrasive particles in the mixed lubrication, and avoid effectively the second wear, and its average friction coefficient of radial groove microtexture is 22%, 30% lower than that of high- and low-viscosity lubricating media, respectively. Both theory and experiment have proved that the effect of microtexture on high-viscosity lubricant is better than that of low-viscosity lubricant.

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Dyson, A., H. P. Evans, G. Karami, M. C. Paliwal, and R. W. Snidle. "Scuffing Failure of Steel Discs: Conditions for the Failure of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 204, no. 2 (March 1990): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_082_02.

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Scuffing tests run on circumferentially finished discs were analysed to determine the conditions for the failure of elastohydrodynamic lubrication according to Dyson's theory. The critical lubricant temperatures and viscosities derived from this analysis were compared with the temperatures and viscosities at atmospheric pressure and at the bulk temperature of the discs, as recorded by thermocouples embedded below the surfaces. Tests and corresponding calculations were made for three different lubricating oils and for two steels. The results of the comparison between measured and calculated critical temperatures and viscosities support the concept of scuffing failure as being related to the physical failure of elastohydrodynamic lubrication, even though the lubricants differed significantly in their scuffing behaviour.

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46

Jin, Z. M., D. Dowson, J. Fisher, N. Ohtsuki, T. Murakami, H. Higaki, and S. Moriyama. "Prediction of transient lubricating film thickness in knee prostheses with compliant layers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981533935.

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The transient lubricating film thickness in knee prostheses using compliant layers has been predicted under simulated walking conditions based upon the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. Qualitative agreement has been found between the present theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements using an electric resistance technique reported earlier. It has been shown that the contact geometry plays an important role in the generation of fluid film lubrication in knee prostheses using compliant layers. The maximum lubricating film thickness is predicted for the maximized contact area of a transverse conjunction where the semi-minor contact radius lies in the direction of entraining. The additional advantage of the transverse contact conjunction is that the possibility of lubricant starvation due to small stroke length can be minimized. All these factors, together with the kinematic requirements in the natural knee joint, should be taken into consideration when designing artificial knee joint replacements.

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Li, Song Sheng, Yu Xin Lu, Ma Li Dong, Juan Shao, and Feng Yu. "Modeling and Analysis of High-Speed Journal Bearing Based on Thermal Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.82.

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Journal bearing in high-speed working conditions will generate a lot of heat, which affects its working performance. Based on hydrodynamic lubrication theory, a model of the thermal hydrodynamic lubrication was built, and the distributions of temperatures and pressures of the oil film were obtained from the simultaneous solution of generalized Reynolds, energy and viscosity-temperature equations. The results show that the temperature will increase and the pressure decrease of the lubrication oil film with the rising of the rotating speed, which will make the the bearing capacity decrease. Compared with the traditional isothermal model, the thermal hydrodynamic lubrication model is more consistent with the engineering practice.

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48

HASHIMOTO, Hiromu, and Sanae WADA. "Turbulent lubrication theory considering the surface roughness effects. (1st Report. Modified turbulent lubrication equation)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 54, no. 508 (1988): 3056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.54.3056.

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49

Su, J. X., Jia Xi Du, X. L. Liu, H. N. Liu, and R. K. Kang. "Study on Lubricating Behavior in Chemical Mechanical Polishing." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.243.

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Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become the most widely used planarization technology in the metal and hard-brittle crystal substrate manufacturing process. In this paper, the distinguish method of lubricating behavior in CMP had been analyzed in theory firstly. Then, the tests of CMP with silicon wafer and deposited copper wafer at different polishing pressure had been done. By the test results, the Stribeck curves obtained showed obvious smooth. But in normal CMP conditions, the friction coefficient of polishing area was above 0.1. By analyzing the experimental results, it was concluded that the lubrication state in CMP interface is belong to the boundary lubrication and the material removal is the process of bringing and removed of the chemical reaction boundary lubricating film on hard-brittle crystal substrate surface constantly. The contact form between the workpiece and the polishing pad is the solid-solid contact. These results will provide theoretical guide to further understand the material removal mechanism of in hard-brittle crystal substrate CMP.

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50

Santos, Ilmar Ferreira, and Fla´vio Yukio Watanabe. "Compensation of Cross-Coupling Stiffness and Increase of Direct Damping in Multirecess Journal Bearings Using Active Hybrid Lubrication: Part I—Theory." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1631015.

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Fluid film forces are generated in hydrostatic journal bearings by two types of lubrication mechanisms: the hydrostatic lubrication in the bearing recesses and hydrodynamic lubrication in the bearing lands, when operating in rotation. The combination of both lubrication mechanisms leads to hybrid journal bearings (HJB). When part of hydrostatic pressure is also dynamically modified by means of hydraulic control systems, one refers to the active lubrication. The main contribution of the present theoretical work is to show that it is possible to reduce cross-coupling stiffness and increase the direct damping coefficients by means of the active lubrication, what leads to rotor-bearing systems with larger threshold of stability.

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