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1
Fornasier, Matteo. "The Impact of EU Fundamental Rights on Private Relationships: Direct or Indirect Effect?" European Review of Private Law 23, Issue 1 (February 1, 2015): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2015003.
Анотація:
Abstract: Traditionally, the primary goal of fundamental rights has been to limit the power of the state over individuals. However, it is undisputed in most legal orders today that fundamental rights also have an impact on the relationship between private parties. This article looks at how the fundamental rights guaranteed at the level of European Union (EU) law may affect private law relationships. In particular, this article analyses whether EU fundamental rights have a direct or indirect effect in private relations, that is to say, whether they are, as such, binding on private parties or whether they impose obligations on individuals only through the medium of an implementing act. It will be shown that, contrary to what has been written by a number of authors, this question actually matters in practice, especially in the context of the social rights guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Special attention is devoted to the more recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which in the view of some commentators supports the notion of a direct horizontal effect. Résumé: Traditionnellement, l'objectif premier des droits fondamentaux était de limiter le pouvoir de l'Etat sur les individus. Cependant, il est incontestable aujourd'hui que dans la plupart des ordres juridiques, les droits fondamentaux ont aussi un impact sur les relations entre parties privées. Le présent article observe comment les droits fondamentaux garantis au niveau de la législation de l'UE peuvent affecter les relations de droit privé. L'article examine en particulier si les droits fondamentaux de l'UE ont un effet direct ou indirect dans les relations privées, en d'autres termes, si en tant que tels, ils lient les parties privées ou s'ils imposent des obligations aux individus seulement par le moyen d'une loi de transposition. Il est démontré que, contrairement à ce qu'ont écrit un certain nombres d'auteurs, cette question est importante actuellement dans la pratique, spécialement dans le contexte des droits sociaux garantis par la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne. Une attention spéciale est accordée à la jurisprudence récente de la CJUE, qui, selon certains commentateurs, soutient la notion d'effet direct horizontal.
2
CABRERA RODRÍGUEZ, José. "El ejercicio de derechos fundamentales a través de las organizaciones y los procedimientos administrativos." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 107-I (April 28, 2017): 43–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.1.02.
Анотація:
LABURPENA: Funtsezko eskubideek posizio juridiko subjektiboak babesten dituzte euren titularren alde, botere publikoa edo, kasuan kasu, hirugarrenak tartean sartzearen aurrean. Baina haien eduki arautzaileak berme objektiboak ere eskatzen ditu eskubide horiek eraginkortasunez erabiltzeko behar diren erakunde eta prozeduretan. RESUMEN: Los derechos fundamentales protegen posiciones jurídicas subjetivas en favor de sus titulares frente a intromisiones provenientes del poder público o, en su caso, de terceros. Pero su contenido normativo exige también garantías objetivas en las organizaciones y procedimientos de los que dependa el ejercicio efectivo de estos derechos. ABSTRACT: Fundamental rights protect individual legal status from any arbitrary state actions or torts committed by private parties. However, such rights may also involve warranties concerning organization and procedural issues in which their enforcement is at stake.
3
Kelly, James B., and Michael Murphy. "Confronting Judicial Supremacy: A Defence of Judicial Activism and the Supreme Court of Cananda's Legal Rights Jurisprudence." Canadian journal of law and society 16, no. 1 (April 2001): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100006554.
Анотація:
RésuméCet article étudie la relation entre le contrôle constitutionnel exercé par la Cour Suprême du Canada et la démocratie en analysant la jurisprudence portant sur les droits garantis par la Charte. Plus précisément, l'article vise à engager le débat avec un groupe influent d'universitaires, les interprétivistes canadiens, illustrés par les contributions scientifiques de F. L. Morton, Rainer Knopff et Christopher P. Manfredi. Contrairement aux interprétivistes qui concluent que l'activisme judiciaire de la Cour Suprême du Canada a compromis le constitutionnalisme libéral, cet article suggère qu'il a plutôt renforcé la suprématie de la Constitution. Cet argument est développé en deux parties. Dans la première, les limites théoriques de la compréhension de l'intention du législateur historique sont explorées pour illustrer les difficultés conceptuelles auxquelles font face les interprétivistes canadiens dans leur tentative de démontrer que le pouvoir judiciaire au Canada est sans contrainte. Nous soutenons que la construction de la compréhension historique est une entreprise hautement subjective qui a crée le mythe de la suprématie judiciaire. Dans la deuxième partie, les limites empiriques de ce mythe sont discutées en identifiant le paradoxe de l'activisme judiciaire: comment il varie, ainsi que son effet, selon l'acteur étatique qui se trouve au centre du recours à la Charte. Grâce à une analyse de cas d'un ensemble de décisions portant sur les droits garantis, l'article confronte ce mythe en démontrant que l'activisme judiciaire contre la police ne renforce point la suprématie judiciaire mais bien celle de la Constitution. En redéfinissant la relation entre les citoyens et l'État par une jurisprudence activiste des droits, la Cour suprême du Canada a effectivement contrôlé des abus de pouvoir par les agents de police. Cet activisme sert bien l'avancement de la suprématie constitutionnelle, quoi qu'en disent les interprétivistes canadiens‥
4
Sancha Díez, José Pablo. "Derechos de los reclusos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos // Inmates’ rights Caselaw in the European Court of Human Rights." Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 102 (July 31, 2018): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.102.2018.22396.
Анотація:
Resumen:A pesar de las reticencias de los Estados Partes del CEDH de ceder verdaderas porciones de soberanía, o por mejor decir, de ius puniendi estatales, al Consejo de Europa, de la problemática de la ejecución de las sentencias del TEDH al estar en manos del Comité de Ministros, un órgano político, intergubernamental y no jurisdiccional , disociándose así las funciones de juzgar y hacer ejecutar lo juzgado, al carecer el TEDH de facultades anulatorias o revocatorias de las resoluciones y actuaciones internas vulneradoras de derechos recogidos en el Convenio, y de la inexistencia de un catálogo de derechos fundamentales penitenciarios, recogidos por un lado en instrumentos internacionales de ius cogens, es decir, imperativos, y por otro, en Resoluciones y Recomendaciones meramente programáticas, carentes de fuerza obligatoria (vgr. Reglas Penitenciarias Europeas), hemos de reconocer que el TEDH ha venido cumpliendo dignamente el mandato de protección de los derechos y libertades contenidos en el Convenio, y muy especialmente respecto de los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad, y por ende, de los reclusos. Del análisis de la profusa jurisprudencia del TEDH se infiere que las garantías normativas de los presos consagradas en el CEDH, para no ser teóricas e ilusorias, sino reales y efectivas, han tenido que ser ampliadas, perfiladas y completadas por una serie de garantías jurisdiccionales, a través de un sistema o mecanismo jurisdiccional pretoriano, que debemos calificar de verdadera obra pretoriana del TEDH, y que fue cristalizándose o codificándose en los diversos Protocolos modificativos. Se convendrá, pues, fácilmente, que el grado de protección de los derechos humanos logrado en el ámbito del Consejo de Europa no tiene parangón en relación con otros sistemas universales o regionales nacidos con el mismo cometido, al albur de los procesos de humanización de los sistemas penitenciarios y de internacionalización de los derechos humanos, que tienen lugar a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. Judicial protection of human rights and its internationalisationprocess: ECHR. 2.1. The execution of the ECHR issue. 3. Analysis of the inmates’ rights in the ECHR caselaw. 3.1. The ECHR caselaw regarding inmates in spain. 3.2. Excursus on the parot doctrine. 3.3. ECHR caselaw regarding inmates out of spain. 4. Final remarks.Abstract:Despite the reluctance of the State Parties of the ECHR to cede actual portions of their sovereignty or, more specifically, of their state ius punendi in favour of the Council of Europe; the issue of the ECHR sentences execution (given to the fact that this is carried out by the Committee of Ministers, a political, intergovernmental and non-judicial organ, dissociating then the tasks of judging and executing what has been judge); the lack of revocation powers by the ECHR regarding the resolutions and internal decisions relating to the violations of the Convention; the lack of an inventory of the fundamental rights included in ius cogens (i.e. imperative) international tools, and the only pragmatic non-compulsory Resolutions and Recommendations (e.g. European Prison Rules), wemust admit that the ECHR has been worthily fulfilling its mandate of protecting the rights and freedoms contained in the Convention and, specially, regarding the rights of those deprived of liberty and consequently, of the inmates.The analysis of the extensive ECHR caselaw infers that the safeguards of the rights of inmates enshrined in the European Council, in order to be real and effective, instead of theoretical or illusory, must have been extended, shaped and completed by a set of judiciary safeguards. This has been possible thanks to a Praetorian judiciary system which must be considered as a real Praetorian work by the ECHR and which has been the object of many amending Protocols. Thus, it can be easily concluded that the level of protection of the human rights achieved by the Council of Europe is unparalleled if compared with other universal or local systems similarly conceived as a result of the human right penitentiary and internationalisation systems developed after the Second World War.
5
Sancha Díez, José Pablo. "Derechos de los reclusos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 21 (January 31, 2018): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.21.2017.21170.
Анотація:
A pesar de las reticencias de los Estados Partes del CEDH de ceder verdaderas porciones de soberanía, o por mejor decir, de ius puniendi estatales, al Consejo de Europa, de la problemática de la ejecución de las sentencias del TEDH al estar en manos del Comité de Ministros, un órgano político, intergubernamental y no jurisdiccional, disociándose así las funciones de juzgar y hacer ejecutar lo juzgado, al carecer el TEDH de facultades anulatorias o revocatorias de las resoluciones y actuaciones internas vulneradoras de derechos recogidos en el Convenio, y de la inexistencia de un catálogo de derechos fundamentales penitenciarios, recogidos por un lado en instrumentos internacionales de ius cogens, es decir, imperativos, y por otro, en Resoluciones y Recomendaciones meramente programáticas, carentes de fuerza obligatoria (vgr. Reglas Penitenciarias Europeas), hemos de reconocer que el TEDH ha venido cumpliendo dignamente el mandato de protección de los derechos y libertades contenidos en el Convenio, y muy especialmente respecto de los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad, y por ende, de los reclusos. Del análisis de la profusa jurisprudencia del TEDH se infiere que las garantías normativas de los presos consagradas en el CEDH, para no ser teóricas e ilusorias, sino reales y efectivas, han tenido que ser ampliadas, perfiladas y completadas por una serie de garantías jurisdiccionales, a través de un sistema o mecanismo jurisdiccional pretoriano, que debemos calificar de verdadera obra pretoriana del TEDH, y que fue cristalizándose o codificándose en los diversos Protocolos modificativos. Se convendrá, pues, fácilmente, que el grado de protección de los derechos humanos logrado en el ámbito del Consejo de Europa no tiene parangón en relación con otros sistemas universales o regionales nacidos con el mismo cometido, al albur de los procesos de humanización de los sistemas penitenciarios y de internacionalización de los derechos humanos, que tienen lugar a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.Despite the reluctance of the State Parties of the ECHR to cede actual portions of their sovereignty or, more specifically, of their state ius punendi in favour of the Council of Europe; the issue of the ECHR sentences execution (given to the fact that this is carried out by the Committee of Ministers, a political, intergovernmental and non-judicial organ, dissociating then the tasks of judging and executing what has been judge); the lack of revocation powers by the ECHR regarding the resolutions and internal decisions relating to the violations of the Convention; the lack of an inventory of the fundamental rights included in ius cogens (i.e. imperative) international tools, and the only pragmatic non-compulsory Resolutions and Recommendations (e.g. European Prison Rules), we must admit that the ECHR has been worthily fulfilling its mandate of protecting the rights and freedoms contained in the Convention and, specially, regarding the rights of those deprived of liberty and consequently, of the inmates. The analysis of the extensive ECHR caselaw infers that the safeguards of the rights of inmates enshrined in the European Council, in order to be real and effective, instead of theoretical or illusory, must have been extended, shaped and completed by a set of judiciary safeguards. This has been possible thanks to a Praetorian judiciary system which must be considered as a real Praetorian work by the ECHR and which has been the object of many amending Protocols. Thus, it can be easily concluded that the level of protection of the human rights achieved by the Council of Europe is unparalleled if compared with other universal or local systems similarly conceived as a result of the human right penitentiary and internationalisation systems developed after the Second World War.
6
Albornoz, María Victoria. "Reflexiones generales sobre constitucionalización del derecho privado, defensa del consumidor y responsabilidad de la persona jurídica." Revista de Derecho Privado │Universidad Blas Pascal 10, no. 10 (December 12, 2023): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2362-5325(2023)003.
Анотація:
Nuestra Constitución Nacional se ha postulado decisivamente por la Constitucionalización del Derecho Privado, a partir de su reforma. La introducción de los nuevos derechos y garantías, como así también de los derechos humanos /ART. 75 INC. 22 C.N), platean la adecuación del Derecho Privado a estas nuevas fuentes de jerarquía supranacional.Respecto del derecho del consumidor, la preeminencia de la Ley 24.240 está dada por su proximidad a la C.N, en particular en el campo del derecho del consumo.La categoría de consumidores en situación de vulnerabilidad agravada, hablare de consumidores que por diversas razones se encuentran en situación de marcada inferioridad, inferioridad que puede obedecer a diversas razones, como la edad, el idioma, los recursos económicos, etcétera.Por otro lado encontramos la intermediación de las plataformas de comercio electrónico, conectando a partes que normalmente no se conocen, ni tienen contacto físico entre ellas. Por ultimo poder determinar cuándo deberá responder civilmente la persona jurídica por los daños causados a terceros y cuándo podrá ser extensiva a sus miembros, administradores o representantes, etc.Cabe concluir hablando de una nueva manera de comercialización, el contrato de distribución comercial y su interpretación en el Código Civil y Comercial. Surgiendo así una nueva red de comercialización entre productores y distribuidores de productos y servicios. Abstract Our National Constitution has been decisively postulated by the Constitutionalization of Private Law, since its reform. The introduction of new rights and guarantees, as well as human rights / ART. 75 INC. 22 C.N), platean the adequacy of Private Law to these new sources of supranational hierarchy. With regard to consumer law, the pre- eminence of Law 24.240 isgiven by its proximity to the C.N, in particular in the field of consumer law. The category of consumers in a situation of aggravated vulnerability, I will speak of consumers who for various reasons are in a situation of marked inferiority, inferiority that can be due to various reasons, such as age, language, economic resources, etc. On the other hand we find the intermediation of e-commerce platforms, connecting parties that normally do not know each other, nor have physical contact with each other. Finally, to be able to determine when the legal entity must respond civilly for the damages caused to third parties and when it may be extended to itsmembers, administrators or representatives, etc. It is possible to conclude by talking about a new way of marketing, the commercial distribution contract and its interpretation in the Civil and Commercial Code. Thus emerging a new marketing network between producers and distributors of products and services.
7
MARTÍNEZ MATA, Yolanda. "La protección de los derechos fundamentales en el Mecanismo Único de Supervisión y el Mecanismo Único de Resolución." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 110-II (April 30, 2018): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.110.2018.2.08.
Анотація:
LABURPENA: Banka Batasunak (duela gutxi eratu da) ikuskapenak egiteko eta ebazpenak emateko dauzkan mekanismoak konplexuak dira oso, Europako nahiz nazioarteko hainbat agintariren arteko koordinazioa behar duelako. Tarteko diren erakunde, akziodun, gordailugile, hartzekodun edo lehiatzaileen oinarrizko eskubideen edukia eta esparrua jorratzeke daude oraindik. Ikuskapenerako Mekanismo Bakarra eta Ebazpenetarako Mekanismo Bakarra teknikoki konplexuak direla-eta, pentsatzekoa da batasuneko jurisdikzioak apreziazio-marjina handia emango dioela alor horretan eskumenak dituzten erakundeei. Apreziatzeko gaitasun horri kontrapisua egiteko, zorrotz-zorrotz errespetatu beharko dira interesdunen ziurtasun prozesalak, horiek baitira beren oinarrizko eskubideak babesteko tresna baliagarrienak. RESUMEN: Los mecanismos de supervisión y resolución de la reciente Unión Bancaria instituyen un entramado complejo de coordinación entre diversas autoridades europeas y nacionales. Dentro de ellos, el contenido y alcance de los derechos fundamentales de las entidades afectadas, de sus accionistas, depositantes, acreedores o competidores constituye todavía un terreno pendiente de explorar. Vista la complejidad técnica inherente al MUS y al MUR, es previsible que la jurisdicción comunitaria atribuya un amplio margen de apreciación a las instituciones competentes en estos ámbitos. El contrapeso a esta facultad de apreciación deberá constituirlo un estricto respeto a las garantías procesales de los interesados, como principal instrumento de salvaguarda de sus derechos fundamentales. ABSTRACT: The supervision and resolution mechanisms of the recent banking union are a complex studding of coordination between the different European and national authorities. Among these, the content and scope of fundamental rights of affected entities, their shareholders, depositors, creditors and competitors are still a ground to be explored. Due to the inherent technical complexity of the single supervisory and resolution mechanisms, it is foreseeable that the Community jurisdiction grants a broad margin of appreciation to the competent institutions in these fields. The counterweight to this faculty of appreciation should be a strict respect to the procedural safeguards of the interested parties as the principal tool to protect fundamental rights.
8
Arenas García, Rafael. "Fusiones internacionales, libertad de establecimiento y derechos de los acreedores. Cuestiones abiertas por la STJ (Sala Tercera) de 7 de abril de 2016 (as. C-483/14, KA Finanz AG y Sparkassen Versicherung AG Vienna Insurance Group) = International mergers, freedom of establishment and creditor’s rights. Open questions in the judgment of the court of justice (third chamber) of 7th april 2016 (as. C-483/14, KA Finanz AG and Sparkassen Versicherung AG Vienna Insurance Group)." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3887.
Анотація:
Resumen: La sentencia KA Finanz ofrece al Tribunal de Luxemburgo la oportunidad de pronunciarse sobre varias cuestiones relevantes en materia de fusiones internacionales. En concreto sobre las relaciones entre el Derecho rector de las obligaciones de las que son parte las sociedades que intervienen en la fusión y la que se aplica a este operación; la determinación del Derecho rector de la fusión y ciertos límites en las posibilidades de regular las garantías de los acreedores en las fusiones internacionales. Además, interpreta qué ha de entenderse por titulares de títulos a los que correspondan derechos especiales (art. 15 de la Directiva 78/855/CEE).Palabras clave: Derecho de sociedades, libertad de establecimiento, fusiones internacionales, protección de los acreedores.Abstract: The KA Finanz judgment allows the Luxembourg Court to deal with some relevant issues connected to international mergers. Specifically, on the relationship between the laws governing the obligations of which the companies involved in the merger are parties, and the one that applies to the merger; the determination of the law governing the merger and also on certain limits of the national legislators in the regulation of the creditor’s guarantees in international mergers. Furthermore, it interprets what is to be understood by holders of securities to which special rights are attached (article 15 of Directive 78/855 / EEC).Keywords: Company law, freedom of establishment, international mergers, protection of the interest of creditors.
9
Sánchez Pos, María Victoria. "La entrada e intervención de terceros en el arbitraje comercial internacional = Joinder and intervention of additional parties in international commercial arbitration." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5193.
Анотація:
Resumen: En el marco del arbitraje multiparte, la entrada e intervención de terceros es definida como la incorporación de partes adicionales a un arbitraje ya iniciado. Este mecanismo procesal presenta, sin embargo, multitud de dificultades que derivan de la naturaleza eminentemente consensual de la institución arbitral. Así, entre otras, la constancia de la voluntad -expresa o tácita- de todas las partes involucradas en el arbitraje a la entrada del tercero o la salvaguarda de su derecho esencial de participar de manera directa y equitativa en la constitución del tribunal arbitral y de las garantías de privacidad y confidencialidad del arbitraje. Partiendo de estas someras premisas, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis crítico de las disposiciones específicas sobre la admisibilidad y presupuestos de la entrada e intervención de nuevas partes en el arbitraje que las instituciones arbitrales internacionales de mayor relevancia han regulado en los últimos años.Palabras clave: Entrada, intervención, terceros, partes adicionales, arbitraje multiparte, tribunal arbitral.Abstract: One of the major challenges that international arbitration has faced in the last decades is the regulation of multiparty arbitrations, which involve a confrontation between more than two parties with opposing interests. In this context, joinder and intervention deals with the need, in terms of justice and efficiency, to bring an additional party into the proceedings when the arbitration may already be in progress. However, the main characteristic of arbitration is its consensual nature. For this reason, mechanisms for joinder or intervention present considerable difficulties related to the principle of party autonomy, the right to equally participate in the nomination of the arbitrators and the protection of privacy and confidentiality in arbitration proceedings. Apart from dealing with these difficulties, the author discusses in this article the latest joinder provisions contained in leading arbitral rules.Keywords: Joinder, Intervention, Third parties, Additional parties, Multiparty Arbitration, Arbitral Tribunal
10
CORNELL, NICOLAS. "Wrongs, Rights, and Third Parties." Philosophy & Public Affairs 43, no. 2 (March 2015): 109–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papa.12054.
11
Nurnaningsih, Serly, and Amin Purnawan. "Protection Analysis Of Third Parties Of Principles Droit De Suite In Execution Of Rights Liability." Jurnal Akta 6, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v6i2.5092.
Анотація:
This study discusses the protection of third parties from the principle of droit de suite in the execution of Mortgage Rights, problems faced in the protection of third parties from the principle of droit de suite in the execution of Mortgage Rights and the solution.Protection of third parties from the principle of droit de suite in the execution of Underwriting Rights, among others, registration of Underwriting Rights to fulfill the principle of publication, announcement of auction sales in execution of Underwriting Rights and prohibition of auction of third party property. The problems faced in the protection of third parties from the principle of droit de suite in the execution of Mortgage Rights, namely protection of third parties is not direct protection because third parties are not parties to the Underwriting Rights Agreement or do not have a direct legal relationship with the Mortgage Agreement To overcome this, it can be done by involving third parties related to the Underwriting Right object in the Underwriting Agreement.Keywords: Protection; Execution; Mortgage Rights; Third Party.
12
Partain, Roy Andrew. "Creating Rights, Terminating Rights, Overcoming Legal Conflicts." Constitutional Review 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev822.
Анотація:
At the heart of this paper are judges and their obligations to ensure that conflicts over fragmented rights are cured, that fundamental rights are stewarded, and that justice prevails. There are several respected legal theories that have never been examined together before, but when three of them are placed in a nexus of constitutional law, we find that these ideas support broad powers for courts to control the distribution and allocation of rights, enabling the resolution of conflicts at many social levels. First, a succession of scholars has identified the risks of ‘fragmenting rights’, of allocating overlapping rights to too many parties. The danger presented is that those rights-holders may lose the use of their legal rights or privileges; this outcome is known as the ‘Tragedy of the Anticommons’. Too many rights held by too many parties, a ‘fragmentation of rights’, can lead to a lack of access to rights and a lack of access to justice. Second, the legal theories of Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase, who found that initial allocations of rights across a community might have been allocated in a manner that frustrates negotiations and other means to avoid conflicts; but judges have an opportunity and an obligation to reset those allocations of rights to better enable society toflourish. Third, Yale constitutional scholar Robert Cover wrote that judges can and should terminate claims of overlapping rights so that the litigious parties, and society at large, can return to a more harmonious co-existence. Cover wrote that this methodology of ‘jurispathic’ judges was both an ethical and a robust means of solving Dworkin’s ‘hard cases’. This paper investigates the nexus of these three jurisprudences and what the impact of their nexus is for constitutional scholars. This paper delivers original theoretical legal findings and provides functional approaches to best enable the resolution of conflicts before courts and the maintenance of rights and privileges for all parties. This paper documents an argument that courts, especially constitutional courts, have more power to solve social conflicts and other conflicts arising from legal rules and culturesthan many constitutional law scholars may have previously assumed feasible.
13
Zhang, Ming. "On the Protection of the basic procedural rights of the parties in China's Civil Litigation." Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v2i1.6476.
Анотація:
To make every citizen feel fairness and justice in judicial trials is the basic principle and goal of China's current judicial procedures. The parties should not only realize the protection of their substantive legitimate rights and interests in civil proceedings, but also respect their procedural basic rights. This is not only the embodiment of the litigant's status as the subject of civil litigation, but also the means and ways to seek relief after the litigant's legitimate civil rights and interests are violated. The fundamental procedural rights of the parties are of great significance to the protection of the rights and interests of the parties, the smooth proceeding of judicial activities and the sound rule of law. This paper mainly discusses through three aspects, the first one is the outline of the parties' procedural basic rights; The second is to analyze the problems in the process of protecting the fundamental rights of the parties; The third aspect is the exploration of the path to guarantee the procedural rights of the parties in China.
14
Florczak-Wątor, Monika. "The Role of the European Court of Human Rights in Promoting Horizontal Positive Obligations of the State." International and Comparative Law Review 17, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2018-0014.
Анотація:
Summary Over the last forty years the concept of the horizontal positive obligations of the State Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights has been developing in a number of cases of the European Court of Human Rights. This concept extends the protection of Convention rights and freedoms to horizontal relations, that is, to the relations between two private parties. However, the Convention on Human Rights can be violated only by the State; the violation by private parties is not possible, as private parties are not parties to the Conventions. Therefore, the only way to challenge a violation of Convention rights committed by private parties is to link this action to an act or omission of the State, and to claim that the State is responsible for it. This, in turn, requires demonstrating that the Convention obliges the State to protect one individual’s Convention rights from violations committed by other individuals. The State has a wide margin of appreciation as to how it discharges the obligation to protect Convention rights against violations by private individuals.
15
Fick, Sarah. "Airbnb in the City of Cape Town: How could the Regulation of Short-Term Rental in Cape Town affect Human Rights?" Stellenbosch Law Review 2021, no. 3 (2021): 455–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/slr/2021/i3a5.
Анотація:
Short-term home rental in Cape Town, like Airbnb, may create tension between the interests of several affected parties. To cater for the interests of these affected parties, the state may choose to regulate the short-term rental housing market. Whichever regulatory route it will take, the state should take into account the interests of those affected. More importantly, it must consider how its regulations may affect the human rights of these interested parties. This contribution considers the way in which regulation may affect the human rights of those parties identified as (arguably) the primary parties affected by Airbnb. These are the property rights of the property owners wanting to place their properties on Airbnb and the housing rights of those wanting to live in the city. Considering how these regulations may affect the rights of these interested parties can guide lawmakers (both local – with a focus on the City of Cape Town – and national) when drafting regulations to ensure that they comply with their duty to respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights.
16
Warchus, John. "Contracts (rights of third parties) bill." Computer Law & Security Review 15, no. 4 (July 1999): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(99)80054-5.
17
Bozhina, Yа V. "Ensuring parties rights in mediation contracts." Прикарпатський юридичний вісник, no. 2 (2024): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/pyuv.v2.2024.1.
18
Pasaribu, Tomu A., John Pieris, and Manotar Tampubolon. "Political Party and People’s Suffrage in Electoral Process." Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/polit.v2i1.604.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research is to determine political parties' positions on people's constitutional rights from the standpoint of justice. The author focuses on the role of political parties in selecting representatives or leaders in accordance with the constitutional rights guaranteed by the constitution. The research question is: What is the position of political parties on people's constitutional rights in terms of justice? Is the fulfillment of the people's constitutional rights by the Leader elected in a General Election in accordance with the aspect of justice? As trustworthy resources, the author employs secondary data in the form of documents gathered through library research. This study highlights the positions of political parties that disregard the constitutional rights of the people, which are in conflict with the rights of the people as the owners of the right to be elected and vote.
19
Østergaard-Nielsen, Eva, Irina Ciornei, and Jean-Michel Lafleur. "Why do parties support emigrant voting rights?" European Political Science Review 11, no. 3 (August 2019): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773919000171.
Анотація:
AbstractPolicies allowing enfranchisement of non-resident citizens (emigrants and their descendants) are now implemented in the majority of states worldwide. A growing number of case studies show that the extension of voting rights to non-resident citizens is often contested among country of origin political parties. However, there is no systematic comparative study of why different political parties support or oppose external voting rights and how this position is framed by the parties. Drawing on a unique data set based on 34 debates across 13 countries, we estimate the extent to which ideology and party family are correlated with the positioning and framing of parties. Among the findings are that the more to the right is a party, the more it tends to support external voting rights, except in the case of radical right parties. The position on emigrant voting rights is largely framed along more pragmatic arguments.
20
Lai, Poland. "Care, rights and disability." International Journal of Care and Caring 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239788220x16002700151592.
Анотація:
This article makes a cautious case against unequivocal acceptance of a rights paradigm for carers. The article draws on criticisms of care advanced by disability scholars. It will then utilise the work of Jonathan Herring, who suggests that in a caring relationship, the interests and identities of all parties are intermingled and it is impossible to consider the welfare or rights of any one party in isolation. Examples in the long-term care sector (nursing homes) in Ontario, Canada, will be used to illustrate situations where the use of rights can be respectful for all parties in a caring relationship.
21
Manurung, Evelyn Angelita Pinondang. "Legal Perspective of Law No. 28 of 2014: About The Moral Aspects on Digital Works." Journal of Digital Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.58982/jdlp.v1i1.63.
Анотація:
The current utilization of digital content platforms has a serious impact on Intellectual Property Rights. Platforms that display digital copyright works are indeed much in demand by netizens today because it is practical and efficient but not only the perceived benefits of digital content platforms but there is a moral responsibility that must be known by all parties both content lovers and content creators. In today's digital era, copyrighted works in the form of digital content are widely misused by various parties, the occurrence of violations of their main rights moral rights is less realized by various parties. It is the duty of all parties to create the protection of moral rights because rights are elements that must be protected in a digital copyright work. This research aims to find out the regulation of aspects of moral rights in Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright. This research uses normative juridical research methods using the legal sources of literature. The protection of moral rights is an important issue in the protection of intellectual property. National regulations are expected to protect the moral rights of copyright creators/owners, especially digital copyright works.
22
Abdi Wijaya, Achmad Musyahid Idrus, Tahani Asri Maulidah, Mulham Jaki Asti, and Nurjannah Nurjannah. "The Implementation of E-Commerce Consumer Option Rights (Khiyar) in Realizing Transaction Justice: A Study of Maqasid Al-Shariah." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 17, no. 1 (May 4, 2023): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i1.7673.
Анотація:
This article aims to reveal the optimization of option rights in realizing or stopping e-commerce transactions to achieve justice due to several problems in e-commerce transactions, including no meeting of two people who transact and no goods at that time. The results of the study reveal that the component of option rights (khiyar) focuses on an option due to damage/defect, where the damage can harm or oppress the parties, and the right to vote is a preventive alternative so that the parties feel comfortable and justice is realized in every transaction. Likewise, in the maqashid al sharia analysis, option rights (khiyar) have a very strategic role in maintaining the interests, transparency, benefit, and willingness of both parties to conduct transactions and protect them from harm and loss for all parties. This shows concern for justice in transactions as an effort for the common good to protect the rights of the parties. Strengthening regulations through laws and regulations needs to be carried out as a preventive effort to prevent acts of bad faith by one of the parties to provide a sense of security in transactions between the parties.
23
Kabasakal Arat, Zehra F. "Political Parties and Women’s Rights in Turkey." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 44, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2017.1281575.
24
ten Napel, Hans-Martien. "The European Court of Human Rights and Political Rights: The Need for more Guidance." European Constitutional Law Review 5, no. 3 (October 2009): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019609004647.
Анотація:
The European Court of Human Rights' conception of democracy rather thick, inclusive – Increasing number of complaints of violations of Article 3 of the First Protocol – Requirements of this provision that have to be complied with still thin – Limitation clauses of Article 11 to be interpreted strictly – Court's response to Islamic political parties and movements – Requirements with respect to the governance and politics of the States Parties should become stricter – Level of tolerance of religion in the public domain ought to increase – Need for more guidance from the Court not just an academic discussion
25
Sutherland, Elaine E. "The Enigma of Article 5 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of The Child." International Journal of Children’s Rights 28, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02803008.
Анотація:
Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child sets the gold standard for the rights of children and young people, placing the obligation on States parties to ensure their realisation. Since most children live in families, recognising their rights has implications for other family members, particularly their parents. Article 5 creates a framework for balancing the rights and obligations of the parties – the child, the parents and the state – in this triangular relationship, requiring States parties to respect the right of parents to direct and guide the child in the exercise of Convention rights. Yet other Convention provisions address the parties’ roles, calling into question the need for Article 5. This article sets the scene for those that follow in this issue, exploring what the drafters of the Convention were seeking to achieve in Article 5 and highlighting issues that proved controversial, before focussing on the work of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child to drill down into its content and address its place in the Convention.
26
Pérez Muñoz, Lissette Vanessa, and Xiomara Cabrera Cabrera. "MODIFICACIÓN DEL REGLAMENTO GENERAL DE REGISTROS PÚBLICOS PARA ESTABLECER LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL DE LOS REGISTRADORES PÚBLICOS." REVISTA CIENTIFICA EPISTEMIA 3, no. 2 (September 28, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26495/re.v1i2.1123.
Анотація:
El objetivo general de la investigación fue elaborar una propuesta de modificación al Reglamento General de Registros Públicos para establecer la responsabilidad civil de los registradores públicos, lo que mejoraría la calificación de los asientos registrales.
La responsabilidad civil por parte de los registradores públicos derivados de la mala calificación registral es una obligación a cargo de quien, actuando de manera antijurídica y culpable en sus actos causa daños y perjuicios a terceros, de subsanar e indemnizar el agravio efectuado
Nuestro sistema registral es una institución pública garante de la seguridad jurídica registral, puesto que dicha institución tiene a su cargo y como objeto fundamental la inscripción, anotación y cancelación de los actos y contratos relativos al dominio y demás derechos reales sobre inmuebles y muebles identificables. Las distintas anomalías que presentan el Registro Público perjudican, en la mayoría de ocasiones, directamente a los usuarios, en virtud que la mayor parte de estos no cuentan con una asesoría jurídica adecuada que lo oriente sobre como el Registrador puede responder por los daños y perjuicios causados a sus personas y a su patrimonio. Este hecho deja a merced cualquier mala práctica o mal acto de función por parte del Registrador y Registradores auxiliares de dicho registro.Todo daño o perjuicio causado a un tercero por el Registrador hace nacer un derecho a reparación en la persona o en su patrimonio y un deber de reparación con carga al Estado.
Abstract
The general objective of the investigation was to elaborate a proposal of modification to the General Regulation of Public Registries to establish the civil responsibility of the public registrars, which would improve the qualification of the registry entries.The civil responsibility on the part of public registrars derived from the bad registry qualification is an obligation in charge of who, acting of unlawful and guilty way in its acts causes damages and damages to third parties, of correcting and indemnifying the offense made. Our registry system is a public institution guaranteeing the legal security of the registry, since said institution is in charge of and as a fundamental object the registration, annotation and cancellation of the acts and contracts related to the domain and other real rights over immovable property and furniture.
The different anomalies presented by the Public Registry damage, in most cases, directly to users, because most of these do not have adequate legal advice to guide them on how the Registrar can respond for damages caused to their people and their heritage. This fact leaves to mercy any bad practice or bad act of function on the part of the Registrar and Auxiliary Registrars of said registry
Any damage or injury caused to a third party by the Registrar gives rise to a right to compensation in the person or in his / her patrimony and a duty of reparation charged to the State.
Keywords: Registrar, registry entries, bad rating, civil liability, public records regulations.
27
Rahman, Aulia. "IMPLICATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTY RECALL RIGHTS TOWARD DPRD MEMBERSHIP." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 27, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v27i2.10156.
Анотація:
The concept of recall hegemony to DPRD members to their roles as people's representatives who are representatives of political parties and constituents, can influence the work and performance of DPRD members. Recall rights by political parties can limit the political rights of council members, while shifting people's sovereignty to the sovereignty of political parties. recall procedures for members of the DPRD either through direct political parties or public complaints to the Council's Honorary Board remain through the mechanism of political party decisions. However, there is no legal legitimacy for DPRD members to make legal remedies against recall and guarantee of return of rights if it is proven that it does not fulfill the reason for recall.
28
Huber, Robert A., and Christian H. Schimpf. "On the Distinct Effects of Left-Wing and Right-Wing Populism on Democratic Quality." Politics and Governance 5, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i4.919.
Анотація:
This study examines the differences and commonalities of how populist parties of the left and right relate to democracy. The focus is narrowed to the relationship between these parties and two aspects of democratic quality, minority rights and mutual constraints. Our argument is twofold: first, we contend that populist parties can exert distinct influences on minority rights, depending on whether they are left-wing or right-wing populist parties. Second, by contrast, we propose that the association between populist parties and mutual constraints is a consequence of the populist element and thus, we expect no differences between the left-wing and right-wing parties. We test our expectations against data from 30 European countries between 1990 and 2012. Our empirical findings support the argument for the proposed differences regarding minority rights and, to a lesser extent, the proposed similarities regarding mutual constraints. Therefore we conclude that, when examining the relationship between populism and democracy, populism should not be considered in isolation from its host ideology.
29
Ribbers, Pauline, and Marte Knigge. "Waiver of the Right to Set-Aside Proceedings in Light of Article 6 ECHR: Party-Autonomy on Top?" Journal of International Arbitration 34, Issue 5 (October 1, 2017): 775–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2017037.
Анотація:
Party autonomy is an important principle in arbitration. Parties that opt for arbitration are, to a certain extent, free to organize the arbitral process. The exact scope of this freedom is unclear, especially where fundamental rights of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) are at stake. On 1 March 2016, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) rendered a decision that can shed more light on the scope of the autonomy of parties in arbitration proceedings. In the decision Tabbane v. Switzerland the parties had concluded a so-called ‘exclusion agreement’. By means of such an agreement parties waive, in advance, their right to seek set-aside proceedings at the state court. This article analyses the decision of the European Court and addresses questions such as: must parties, who have agreed to exclude the right to set aside an award, be regarded as having waived all of their rights guaranteed by Article 6 ECHR? And, how far does the responsibility of states extend for the course of affairs during arbitral proceedings?
30
Ananda, Rizka Rian, and Umar Ma'ruf. "The Execution of Third Party Mortgage Guarantees in Rural Bank Credit Agreements." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 3, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.3.4.1220-1227.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine the execution of mortgage guarantees on bank credit agreements belonging to third parties at Rural Banks. The Method approach in this research is empirical juridical with primary and secondary research data taken by interview and literature review. Data analysis method using qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the execution of mortgage rights belonging to third parties in BPR X is in accordance with the rules in Article 1 and Article 6 of Act No. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights and carried out by the KPKNL. The execution of mortgage rights belonging to third parties in the BPR credit agreement in the event of a fight must be able to show proof of ownership but the execution process must still be carried out. Legal remedies for third parties as owners of land rights that are used as objects of mortgage rights are that they can file a lawsuit or derden verzet to the District Court, although this method cannot in principle suspend execution (Article 207 paragraph (3) HIR and 227 RBg) especially if from the start the third party agrees that the land is used as collateral for mortgage rights.
31
Yu, Hea-Kyung. "Management Rights, Three Rights of Labor, Basic Rights for Freedom, Parties of Negotiation, Employment Conditions." Kyung Hee Law Journal 57, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 209–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.57.4.7.
Анотація:
Management rights are rights granted by the Constitution to guarantee the freedom to choose a job or own properties. Although management rights are constitutional rights, they may be restricted for public welfare. Therefore, it is not right to exclude certain parties from negotiation just to claim the exclusiveness of management rights.
In addition, the three rights of labor in Korea are essentially the basic rights for freedom. For that reason, the three rights of labor shall emphasize the freedom or autonomy of labor workers and acknowledged broadly in regards to the employment conditions.
The three rights of labor are not mere individual rights, but function as an order of objective value that maintains the actual freedom and equality of capitalistic societies. Considering its function as an order of objective value, management rights are restricted in regards to the employment conditions.
Eventually, management rights, considering the intrinsic limitations and the three rights of labor, are not the sacred and inviolable exclusive rights granted to employers, but may be restricted in relation to the employment conditions.
32
Shafa Clarissha, Vindria, Recca Ayu Hapsari, and Yulia Hesti. "KEDUDUKAN HARTA BERSAMA YANG DIJADIKAN OBJEK JAMINAN HAK TANGGUNGAN DALAM HUTANG PIUTANG DAN DIEKSEKUSI OLEH PENGADILAN (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 13/PDT.BTH/2021/PN TJK)." IBLAM LAW REVIEW 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v2i1.51.
Анотація:
Mortgage rights are regulated in Law Number four of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights on Land and Objects Related to Land, hereinafter abbreviated as UUHT. With a variety of options 13/pdt.bth/2021/pn/tjk where the land due to the marriage is used as collateral for the rights of borrowing and borrowing through the husband and spouse as guarantors. election No.13/pdt.bth/2021/pn/tjk. The approach used in this study is empirical through interviews with judges at the Tanjung Karang District Court. Land rights that can be encumbered with Borrowing Rights consist of: Ownership Rights, Cultivation Rights, Building Use Rights, and Land Use Rights on state land which in accordance with the legal guidelines and guidelines of the winner must be registered and according to their nature can be transferred. Flats that stand on Ownership Rights, Building Use Rights and Use Rights granted through the state. Because one of the parties,namely Edwin Bunyamin Pohar,was not drawn as a party in the a quo rebuttal case,the rebuttal of the rebuttal as a rebuttal is lacking because not all parties in the main case are parties in the a quo rebuttal case, so the rebuttal of the rebuttal must be declared no acceptable (Niet Onvankelijke Verklaard).
33
Allendoerfer, Michelle Giacobbe, Amanda Murdie, and Ryan M. Welch. "The Path of the Boomerang: Human Rights Campaigns, Third-Party Pressure, and Human Rights." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz082.
Анотація:
Abstract How can information campaigns of nongovernmental human rights organizations (HROs) to “name and shame” human rights violators improve human rights conditions? Is the effect direct—does HRO targeting induce violating states to change their behavior? Or is the effect indirect—does pressure by third parties mediate the relationship between HRO actions and changes in human rights practices? The boomerang and spiral models suggest HRO activity provokes third parties, such as other states and international organizations, to pressure violating states. This pressure, in turn, drives violating states to improve human rights conditions. On the other hand, recent empirical work finds third-party pressure can further degrade human rights conditions. In this paper we provide a comprehensive analysis of how these individual factors—HRO activities and pressure from third parties—work together in the larger chain of causal events influencing human rights conditions. Using a causal mediation model, we examine whether HRO campaigning improves human rights directly or if the effect is mediated by costs imposed by powerful actors through sanctions and military interventions. We find that, although HRO activities have an overall positive effect on human rights conditions, the negative effects of third-party pressure somewhat diminish the positive effects.
34
Davies, Iwan. "Transferability and sale of goods." Legal Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1987.tb00350.x.
Анотація:
In any system of property law a complete specification of rights and duties raises at least two questions. First, allocation of rights and duties inter se between the parties to the transaction; secondly, the rights and duties of the parties to the original transaction against the rest of the world. The traditional common law analysis where a third party wishes to acquire an indefeasible interest in a chattel is to direct the latter to the ‘owner’ and indeed the prerequisite for the enjoyment of most property rights depends upon our ability to acquire it from someone else. Furthermore, inherent in the idea of acquiring an absolute right in property (title) is exclusivity of possession ie superiority over the transferor and third parties.
35
Bantekas, Ilias. "EQUAL TREATMENT OF PARTIES IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 69, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 991–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589320000287.
Анотація:
AbstractAlthough fair trial guarantees have always been recognised as constituting an integral aspect of international arbitral proceedings, this has largely been viewed through the lens of civil procedure rather than as a matter of public law and human rights. This state of affairs has further been compounded by the confidential nature of arbitration and the relative scarcity of set aside (annulment) proceedings before the courts of the seat of arbitration on the grounds of unequal treatment, and before human rights bodies such as the European Court of Human Rights. Moreover, it has always been difficult to reconcile contractual freedom and the advantages offered by arbitration with equal treatment and fair trial claims. This article demonstrates the existence of a set of general principles concerning the meaning and content of equal treatment, which are consistent with its commercial (and civil procedure) and human rights dimensions. The basis of this conclusion is Article 18 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, as consistently interpreted and adapted by local laws and judgments, arbitral statutes and determinations by the European Court of Human Rights.
36
Chandra, Alex. "Legal Aid and Human Rights : A Reflection." Jurnal Meta-Yuridis 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/m-y.v6i2.14880.
Анотація:
Humanity and Human Rights is a concern of mankind throughout the world. Therefore, the consequences if there is a violation of human rights anywhere in the world will be a concern for humans everywhere in this world. The difficulty that is faced with this "Human Rights" is that Human Rights have a different meaning for everyone. Historians, jurists, philosophers and theologians can differ in stating something that has significant implications for human rights, and all these differing opinions must be examined. Some parties will seek definitions of “Rights” and “Obligations” and of course “Freedoms”. Other parties will argue about whether humans have inherent rights that are inherent and rooted in every human being.
37
Alqahtani, Mohammed Salem, Rohaida Nordin, and Faridah Jalil. "Non-Adherence to Human Rights and Humanitarian Laws in the Conduct of Armed Conflict in Yemen." Sriwijaya Law Review 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol6.iss1.1459.pp143-162.
Анотація:
To protect the properties, lives, and dignity of human persons worldwide, the International Humanitarian Law seeks to uphold and promote Human Rights Law and other international frameworks regulating the rights of civilians and parties to armed conflict. The conduct of parties to the armed conflict who have grossly violated the combined provisions of International Human Rights Law and the International Humanitarian Law resulted in the persistence of armed conflict and warfare in Yemen, thereby crossing every access road to humanitarian rights and privileges. The researchers adopt the doctrinal methodology to investigate the status of warfare in Yemen, the provisions of the law on International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, and the extent to which the parties to the armed conflict in Yemen break such laws. The International Humanitarian Law and the International Human Rights Law regulate the conduct of actors and parties in the armed conflict both in Yemen and the world at large. The finding of this studydemonstrates that all the participants in the conflict in Yemen violate the International Humanitarian Law. Therefore, they are accountable for such violations.The research recommends strict adherence and compliance to both the International Human Rights Law and the Humanitarian Law throughout the armed conflict in Yemen to have lasting peace. Furthermore, accountability for violations committed should be identified, and all actors in the armed conflict should be punished accordingly.
38
Камышанский, Владимир, and Vladimir Kamyshanskiy. "Corporate Contract and an Agreement on the Implementation of the Rights of Members of Society: Some Problems of Correlation." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17230.
Анотація:
The article provides a critical analysis of legislative regulation of the corporate agreement and an agreement on the implementation of the rights of members of a limited liability company. It is alleged that the corporate contract has undoubted relevance and usefulness to the participants of companies, as it allows to regulate relations in the implementation of corporate rights is not a natural way, and on a contractual basis, recognized by the parties and provide legal protection for the parties to the contract. It stands out as a number of circumstances that require legislative authorization and refinement in the process of enforcement of a limited liability company. Among the outstanding legislator before the end of the problems include: the problem of correlation of the content of the agreement on the implementation of the rights of the parties and the agreement on the establishment of the company; the problem of correlation of the contract on the implementation of the rights of the participants and the Company Charter, decisions of the general meeting; the problem of succession of the contract on the implementation of the rights of participants; the problem of awareness of other members of the Company and third parties about the agreement on the implementation of the rights and conditions.
39
Hill, Jonathan. "Intention and the creation of proprietary rights: are leases different?" Legal Studies 16, no. 2 (July 1996): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1996.tb00003.x.
Анотація:
There are various angles from which the role of intention in the creation of proprietary rights can be approached. First, since proprietary rights are rights which are legally enforceable, rights which are established by a particular transaction or arrangement cannot take effect as proprietary rights unless the parties intend to create legal relations. So, even in a case where Y is in exclusive occupation of land owned by X and pays X a periodic sum in return for use of the land there is no tenancy - and no contractual licence - if the parties do not intend to enter legal relations.
40
Wils, Wouter. "Procedural Rights and Obligations of Third Parties in Antitrust Investigations and Proceedings by the European Commission." World Competition 45, Issue 1 (February 1, 2022): 3–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2022002.
Анотація:
This Article provides a systematic overview of the procedural rights and obligations of third parties in investigations and proceedings conducted by the European Commission for the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. Third parties are all natural or legal persons, undertakings and associations of undertakings other than those under investigation. This article examines the possibilities for third parties to inform the European Commission about a suspected infringement and to trigger an investigation by the European Commission; the obligations and rights of third parties when responding to requests for information sent to them by the European Commission, when participating in interviews, and when submitting to inspections conducted by the European Commission; the possibilities for third parties to obtain information about pending proceedings and to express their views in them; the rules on the use of languages; and the protection of business secrets and other confidential information, and the restrictions on the use of information obtained by third parties through their participation in the European Commission’s proceedings. Procedural rights and obligations, Third parties, Antitrust proceedings and investigations, European Commission, Enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, Informants, Requests for information, Inspections, Use of languages, Protection of confidential information
41
Petrov, Ivan I. "Not the Far-Right Only: Which Parties Occupy the Niche of Cultural Protectionism in the EU Countries?" RUDN Journal of Political Science 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-4-692-705.
Анотація:
In the 2010s many moderate parties in Europe began to use the agenda of the far-rights, competing with them on the same field. This article is devoted to the problem of inter-party competition in European countries amidst the rise of far-right parties. We also intended to check if the far-right profile is the same for all EU countries. To achieve the goal of the study, we used two databases on party positioning - MARPOR (Comparative Manifesto Project) and CHES (Chapel Hill Expert Survey). The study revealed that the consolidated family of the far-rights exists only in the countries of North-Western Europe, while in the countries of East-Central Europe the agenda of the far-rights is less consolidated and regionally heterogeneous. The mainstream competitors of the far-rights included mostly conservatives in North-Western Europe, and various parties, including the Social Democrats, in East-Central Europe. The study confirmed the hypothesis about the serious influence of the far-rights on mainstream politics. At the same time, it questioned the traditional approach which attributes the far-right profile only to far-right parties and ignores both regional differences and the factor of spatial competition.
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Afdira, Shafania, and Mas Anienda Tien. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF BASKETBALL ATHLETES IN CONTRACT WITH BASKETBALL CLUB." JOSAR (Journal of Students Academic Research) 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/josar.v8i2.2435.
Анотація:
Professionally, a basketball athlete will contribute directly either playing or competing on behalf of the basketball club that recruited him. The attachment between the basketball athlete and the basketball club is a logical consequence of a legal relationship between the two parties as stated in the employment contract and other agreements that have been agreed by both parties. Everything can run smoothly if the agreement can heed the legal terms and principles in the agreement correctly, but not infrequently there are problems that arise as a result of the agreement not implementing the legal terms and the agreement correctly, giving rise to rights disputes arising from the actions of one or both parties. parties outside the agreement or the laws that were in force previously and resulted in one of the parties feeling that their rights were not realized. The type of research used was normative. The data was collected by means of library research and interviews. The data analysis method used is qualitative data analysis. The results of this study show how the rights of basketball athletes as workers in a legal relationship with the basketball club that recruited them and what forms of legal protection there are in case of problems. it is necessary to take action that must be considered by the relevant parties and institutions in order to optimize the protection of the rights of basketball athletes.
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van Schagen, Esther. "Source of Concern or Room for Experimentation?" European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 187–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00302001.
Анотація:
State actors increasingly involve private parties in the development of binding alternative regulation in private law. This involvement may be welcomed as an exercise of parties’ rights, but private parties may simultaneously limit other parties’ rights. Consequently, state actors have sought to control the influence of private parties particularly in the German legal order, where the constitutional principle of private autonomy is interpreted so as to require the protection of weaker private parties from Fremdbestimmung (hetero-determination) coming from structurally much more powerful private parties. In comparison, while Dutch law generally recognizes principles of private autonomy and the need to protect parties from heterodetermination (‘heteronomie’), so far this has not permeated the Dutch discussion on alternative regulation. The idea of hetero-determination may serve as a starting point for a more active and consistent approach towards the development and limitation of alternative regulation in the Dutch legal order.
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Riskiana, Nanda, and Habib Adjie. "Authority Of Land Deed Officers On Sale And Purchase Binding Agreements For Certificate Return Process." Devotion Journal of Community Service 3, no. 3 (January 14, 2022): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i3.112.
Анотація:
An agreement is a civil event that gives rise to rights and obligations for the parties who have agreed in the agreement. Human nature as a creature is destined to always try to maintain its existence to be sustainable. For this reason, humans will always try to fulfill their life needs without stopping for a moment. An agreement that has been agreed between the parties together, partly formed through an agreement and consciously and binding on the parties desired by those who wrote it. The agreement is a civil event contains the rights and obligations of the parties.
45
Hirschmann, Gisela. "Guarding the guards: Pluralist accountability for human rights violations by international organisations." Review of International Studies 45, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000207.
Анотація:
AbstractHuman rights violations committed by international organisations (IOs) have raised demands that IOs should be held accountable for their decisions, policies, and actions. However, traditional forms of accountability have often failed in the context of global governance. This article introduces pluralist accountability as a form of accountability whereby third parties hold IOs and their implementing partners accountable for human rights violations. In pluralist accountability, third parties set the standards for IOs’ actions in relation to human rights, review their behaviour and impose normative or material sanctions in case of misbehaviour. The article further reveals two conditions that foster the development of pluralist accountability, namely the competition among third parties and the degree of vulnerability of the implementing actors or the mandating authority with regard to human rights demands. This argument is illustrated with empirical insights from peace operations in Bosnia and Kosovo, which were accused of human trafficking and the violation of the rights of detainees.
46
Brechin, Jessie. "A Study of the Use of Sharia Law in Religious Arbitration in the United Kingdom and the Concerns That This Raises for Human Rights." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 15, no. 3 (August 15, 2013): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000434.
Анотація:
The use of Islamic norms in the determination of arbitration in England and Wales has become a source of great controversy. Concerns are raised for the human rights of vulnerable parties who may be pressured into arbitrations and who may not be treated fairly under the agreed rules of arbitration or by arbitrators themselves. The Arbitration Act 1996 limits the ability to appeal arbitration decisions and as such does not safeguard the rights of these parties. As a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights the UK is under an obligation to uphold human rights standards domestically, and it is argued that the way in which arbitration on religious norms is currently regulated does not comply with this obligation. This article considers some of the possible adaptations or alterations that could rectify the situation, improving parties' experience of religious arbitration and ensuring that the system remains compatible with international human rights obligations.
47
Bridge, Michael. "The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999." Edinburgh Law Review 5, no. 1 (January 2001): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2001.5.1.85.
48
Kramer, Larry. "Consent Decrees and the Rights of Third Parties." Michigan Law Review 87, no. 2 (November 1988): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1289220.
49
Winter, J. "The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law 160, no. 3 (August 2007): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/mpal.2007.160.3.95.
50
Wood, Tim. "Extending International Human Rights Obligations to Political Parties." Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law 2, no. 3 (2013): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7574/cjicl.02.03.122.