Статті в журналах: "The Colonial Period"

1

G.M.D. "Colonial Period Chronicles." Americas 54, no. 2 (October 1997): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500026079.

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2

GUNN, Jean-Philippe. "AFRICAN NATIONALISM FROM THE COLONIAL PERIOD TO THE POST COLONIAL PERIOD." Social Sciences Studies Journal 4, no. 20 (January 1, 2018): 2988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.726.

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3

Pereira, Luciano Schaefer, and Ingrydy Schaefer Pereira. "GEODIVERSITY OF PARAHYBA IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD." Mercator 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2017.16e016.

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4

PEREIRA, Luciano Schaefer, and Ingrydy Schaefer PEREIRA. "GEODIVERSITY OF PARAHYBA IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD." Mercator 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2017.e16016.

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5

Oh Yi-Hwan. "Dukcheon-Seowon in Colonial Period." JOURNAL OF ASIAN PHILOSOPHY IN KOREA ll, no. 32 (December 2009): 171–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.19065/japk..32.200912.171.

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6

J.D.R. "Music in the Colonial Period." Americas 45, no. 1 (July 1988): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500075015.

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7

Bunnag, Piyanart. "Religious Contacts between Sri Lanka and Thailand from the Pre-Colonial Period tothe Colonial Period." Asian Review 13, no. 1 (January 2000): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.arv.13.1.2.

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8

Motlalekgosi, Hendrick Puleng. "The inheritance of colonial penological practices in the postcolonial and apartheid periods: A histography of South Africa." Technium Social Sciences Journal 27 (January 8, 2022): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5323.

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Анотація:

Colonialism has had an influence on many sectors across the board in South Africa including the prison system among others. Its impact could be seen in the way prisoners were treated during the post-colonial era and apartheid era. This paper seeks to demonstrate the relationship between the colonial, post-colonial and apartheid penological practices by examining the treatment of prisoners during the said periods. Examination of this relationship may be useful in understanding what really informed the promulgation of racist policies during the post-colonial period and apartheid period. This paper contends that the legislation that was promulgated during the post-colonial and apartheid periods, which were legislative instruments on how prisoners were treated, were in fact a formalization and continuation of what had already being practiced during the colonial era. The following themes are central to this discourse: The colonial period between the 1840s and 1909; The post-colonial period between 1910 and 1948 and; The National Party era (apartheid era): 1948 – 1993.

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9

Sajarwa, Sajarwa. "TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY OF FRENCH NOVELS INTO INDONESIAN IN COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL PERIOD." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i2.15372.

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This study analyzes the differences in the expression of meaning of the colonial and postcolonial French novels and the ideology of translating French novels into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. This study uses data from French novels and their translations into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. The data were analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative-comparative method. The results of this study show that text message expression during colonial period is indirect due to at that time The society was under the rule of the Dutch colonialists or subaltern. In post-colonial period, the community social situation changed, people were no longer afraid to express their thoughts or they were more open so that the delivery of meaning is direct. Colonial period novels have two types of foreignization ideology, namely self-names translation and setting translation, while post-colonial period novels have three types, namely self-names translation, title translation, and setting translation. The novels domestication ideology during colonial period occurred in translation of pronouns on and the translation of kinship calls, while in post-colonial period novels it occurred in pronouns on translation, kinship calls translation, and self-names translation. The different ideology in the two novels is self-names translation.

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10

Patch, Robert W., and Oakah L. Jones. "Guatemala in the Spanish Colonial Period." American Historical Review 100, no. 5 (December 1995): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170166.

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11

Victoria Ríos Castaño. "Spanish-American Literature: The Colonial Period." Year's Work in Modern Language Studies 76 (2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5699/yearworkmodlang.76.2014.0195.

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12

Barbier, Jacques A., and Mark A. Burkholder. "Colonial Spanish America, the Bourbon Period." History Teacher 20, no. 2 (February 1987): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/493030.

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13

Heyck, Denis L., and Oakah L. Jones Jr. "Guatemala in the Spanish Colonial Period." Hispania 78, no. 4 (December 1995): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345142.

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14

Castaño, Victoria Ríos. "Spanish-American Studies: The Colonial Period." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 78, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-07801014.

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15

Ríos Castaño, Victoria. "Spanish-American Studies: The Colonial Period." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 80, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-08001019.

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16

J.D.R. "Indian Chronicles of the Colonial Period." Americas 53, no. 1 (July 1996): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500025281.

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17

Orellana, Sandra, and Oakah L. Jones. "Guatemala in the Spanish Colonial Period." Ethnohistory 42, no. 3 (1995): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/483236.

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18

Boyer, Richard, and Oakah Jones. "Guatemala in the Spanish Colonial Period." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 3 (August 1995): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517256.

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19

Boyer, Richard. "Guatemala in the Spanish Colonial Period." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-75.3.473.

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20

Ríos Castaño, Victoria. "Spanish-American Studies: The Colonial Period." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 83, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-08301040.

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21

Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues. "COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD IN GOIÁS - BRAZIL." Mercator 18, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2019.e18015.

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22

Yang, Woncheol. "Colonial Publicness of Private Higher Common School during the Japanese Colonial Period." Critical Studies on Modern Korean History 52 (November 30, 2023): 239–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36432/csmkh.52.202311.7.

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23

Denisova, Tatyana, and Sergey Kostelyanets. "Tropical Africa: political leadership in the post-colonial period." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 6-1 (June 1, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202206statyi15.

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Анотація:

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the processes of the establishment of political leadership in Tropical Africa - the region which like no other suffers from poor governance. The evolution of political leadership is traced from the emergence of a group of “founding fathers” of modern independent states in the 1950s-1960s until the advent of leaders of “democratic” regimes that replaced them.

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24

Narny, Yenny, Robert Cribb, Febriani Rahayu Putri, Diah Tyahaya Iman, Syafrizal, and Dian Hadiansyah. "Earthquakes in Padang during the colonial period." E3S Web of Conferences 464 (2023): 16003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346416003.

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This research explores newspaper records regarding earthquake events during the Dutch colonial period in Padang, West Sumatra. This note is vital amidst the difficulties in acquiring historical statistical data for studying disasters in the past. The method used in this research is the historical method by integrating information in newspapers, particularly those that discuss the situation of society and the policies of the Dutch colonial government in dealing with various earthquakes taking place in the city of Padang during the colonial period. This research is expected to open new insights for developing the discipline of disaster science and provide access to the development of historical disaster studies in disaster-prone countries, in this case, in Indonesia.

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25

Kritsberh, R. Y. "Obsolete and Historical Americanisms in Colonial Period." Science and Education a New Dimension VI(152), no. 45 (February 20, 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-ph2018-152vi45-07.

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26

Belokrenitskii, Viacheslav Iakovlevich. "Asia and Africa in the Colonial Period." Comparative Politics (Russia) 1, no. 2 (July 12, 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2010-1-2-18-30.

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27

VAN BEUSEKOM, MONICA M., and DOROTHY L. HODGSON. "LESSONS LEARNED? DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES IN THE LATE COLONIAL PERIOD." Journal of African History 41, no. 1 (March 2000): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007562.

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The post-World-War-II period has typically been seen as the beginning of the ‘development era’. As global power relations shifted and nationalist and international pressure to liberalize and end colonial rule mounted, the colonial powers sought to revise their rationales for the legitimacy of the colonial endeavor. Longstanding dichotomies such as metropole/colony and civilized/primitive were reworked into the categories of developed/underdeveloped. The scale and intensity of development interventions increased dramatically, and a language of planned development, undergirded by ‘science’, came to frame the policy debates of colonial administrators and the technical experts they relied on, as well as nationalists and local elites. But development had been a central feature of encounters between the West and Africa since at least the early twentieth century, so that by the 1950s, all parties involved in the encounter had substantial experience of its policies and practices. Using detailed ethnohistorical and archival data, the papers in this special issue examine development programs in the late colonial period from across the continent in order to analyze how such historical experiences contributed to the conceptualization, implementation and outcomes of these programs.These papers, like much recent research on development, explore development discourses and the ways in which experts and government officials defined particular development problems and conceptualized solutions. But in examining particular development programs across Africa, these papers seek to bring development practice into the analysis of development discourse. Rather than situating persistence and change in development discourses largely within dominant international and government institutions, these papers argue that such discourses were inevitably intertwined with development practice. In considering the local configurations within which experts and officials sought to implement their ambitious master plans, these papers show that few if any plans remained uninfluenced by local struggles over land, labor or agricultural and environmental expertise. Neither hegemonic nor unchanging, late colonial development agendas were in fact rooted in the experiences of earlier colonial efforts to manage rural livelihoods and tied to both the global changes and local realities of the late colonial era.

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Robi'atul Adawiyyah, Vina, Erlina Eka Wati, Nasikhin, and Fihris. "The Development of Indonesian Islamic Civilization During The Dutch Colonial Period." Indonesia Islamic Education Journal 1, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37812/iiej.v1i2.915.

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This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesian Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period. This study using library research produces research data that: 1). The dynamics of the socio-cultural conditions of Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period were still underdeveloped due to the strict system of colonialism applied in Indonesia; 2). The government system of Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period greatly influenced the development of Islamic civilization in Indonesia; 3). There were 3 strategies for Islamic da'wah during the Dutch colonial period, including: the transitional da'wah system between Hinduism and Islam, the lecture method in surau, and Islamic boarding schools; 4). Challenges to Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period included: Challenges in the fields of education, politics, economy and religion or da'wah; 5). Influential figures during Islamic civilization during the Dutch colonial period included K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari, Prince Diponegoro, Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Prince Antasari, and Teungku Cik Di Tiro. This study has implications for increasing literature on the history of Indonesian Islamic civilization so that it can add to the treasury of historical knowledge in Indonesia.

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29

Orera, Nahashon, Pius Kakai, and Edwin Gimode. "Marriage Culture Among the Abagusii in the Pre-Colonial Period." East African Journal of Traditions, Culture and Religion 6, no. 1 (October 20, 2023): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajtcr.6.1.1526.

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This paper discusses marriage institution among the Abagusii in the pre-colonial period under the following themes: History of migration and settlement of Abagusii, the institution of marriage among the Abagusii in the pre-colonial period, Traditional socio-religious aspects of Gusii marriage, marriage customs among married Gusii men and women in the pre-colonial period, nature of Abagusii households up to 1895, the role of initiation in marriage customs, bridewealth and its place in marriage, the role of patriarchy in marriage, polygamy in marriage. This sequence will help us trace the changes in marriage customs and their implications in the marriage of the Abagusii in the colonial period. This section was guided by social constructivism theory

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30

Tamimi, Nadhil, Indung Sitti Fatimah, and Akhmad Arifin Hadi. "TIPOLOGI ARSITEKTUR KOLONIAL DI INDONESIA." Vitruvian Jurnal Arsitektur Bangunan dan Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2020.v10i1.006.

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Salah satu periode yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan pembangunan di Indonesia adalah periode kolonial. Terdapat berbagai macam bentuk peninggalan bersejarah berasal dari periode tersebut, salah satunya ialah langgam atau gaya arsitektur kolonial. Bangunan yang memiliki karakter arsitektur kolonial dapat dikategorikan sebagai bangunan yang penting untuk dilestarikan karena memiliki nilai sejarah yang tinggi. Kajian yang dilakukan membahas tipologi dan pelestarian arsitektur kolonial yang berada di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada kajian ini adalah studi pustaka atau literatur dengan tujuan untuk menjelaskan arsitektur kolonial di Indonesia dan dapat bermanfaat sebagai dasar kategorisasi bangunan kolonial. Dari kajian ini dapat disimpulkan arsitektur kolonial merupakan salah satu gaya arsitektur yang ada di Indonesia sejak masa penjajahan Belanda dimana gaya, karakter, dan ciri arsitektur kolonial dipengaruhi oleh perpaduan antara budaya Belanda dan budaya Indonesia serta memiliki dua metode konservasi yaitu teknik konservasi bersifat fisik (preservasi, restorasi, dan rekonstruksi) dan non fisik. One period that has big influence on the development in Indonesia is the colonial period. There are various forms of historical relics from this period, one of which is the style of colonial architecture. Buildings that have colonial architectural character can be categorized as important buildings to be preserved because they have high historical value. The study was conducted to discuss typology and preservation of colonial architecture in Indonesia. Literature study is used in this study with the aim of explaining colonial architecture in Indonesia and can be useful as a basis for the categorization of colonial buildings. From this study it can be concluded that colonial architecture is one of the architectural styles that existed in Indonesia since the Dutch Colonial period where the style, character, and features of colonial architecture were influenced by a combination of Dutch and Indonesian culture, it also had two conservation methods, namely physical conservation techniques (preservation , restoration and reconstruction) and non-physical.

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31

Roscoe, Katherine. "A Natural Hulk: Australia’s Carceral Islands in the Colonial Period, 1788–1901." International Review of Social History 63, S26 (June 11, 2018): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859018000214.

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AbstractDuring the British colonial period, at least eleven islands off the coast of Australia were used as sites of “punitive relocation” for transported European convicts and Indigenous Australians. This article traces the networks of correspondence between the officials and the Colonial Office in London as they debated the merits of various offshore islands to incarcerate different populations. It identifies three roles that carceral islands served for colonial governance and economic expansion. First, the use of convicts as colonizers of strategic islands for territorial and commercial expansion. Second, to punish transported convicts found guilty of “misconduct” to maintain order in colonial society. Third, to expel Indigenous Australians who resisted colonization from their homeland. It explores how, as “colonial peripheries”, islands were part of a colonial system of punishment based around mobility and distance, which mirrored in microcosm convict flows between the metropole and the Australian colonies.

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32

Ndiema, Kiptoch William. "The genesis of land-based violence in Mt. Elgon from the precolonial period to the postcolonial period." Journal of History and Cultural Studies (JHCS) 3, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jhcs.v3i1.473.

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This study traces the genesis of land-based conflicts in Mt. Elgon from the precolonial period to the postcolonial period. This research was conducted in Mount Elgon Sub County in Kapsokwony, Kaptama, Kopsiro, and Cheptais. This research utilised primary as well as secondary sources of data. Secondary data was procured from Kenyatta University Library, among other libraries. Primary data was collected from the Kenya National Archives as well as from oral sources through interviewing the identified respondents in the field. Data instruments that were used include questionnaires and question guides. The procedures employed in collecting primary data included in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The primary oral data was analysed by first translating oral interviews from the Sabaot language to English, grouping data according to the objectives, and verifying any possible contradicting information. After that, the data was coroborated with archival and secondary data and then presented through descriptive narratives. The families in the Mount Elgon area faced several difficulties, which called for the government to handle the issues, which undermined the significance of peace in the region. This study concludes that the land issue and the emergence of the Sabaot Land Defense Force in Mount Elgon, Bungoma, dates back to the pre-colonial and post-colonial periods and the post-colonial Government's inefficiency. The colonial Government's land ordinances, laws, and concessions played a significant part in the challenges facing the land issues in Kenya.

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33

GOSCHA, CHRISTOPHER E. "Widening the Colonial Encounter: Asian Connections Inside French Indochina During the Interwar Period." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 5 (September 2009): 1189–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0800351x.

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AbstractRelying on three inter-Asian colonial debates from French Indochina, this paper attempts to widen our analytical approach to the study of colonialism in Indochina beyond the ‘colonizer’–‘colonized’ opposition by factoring in the relationships among the diverse Asian colonized living within the colonial state without downplaying the important role Western colonialism played in transforming those very relationships or being affected by them. The French Indochinese case is helpful, for it suggests that inter-Asian connections did anything vanish, but rather intensified because of the colonial experience. Numerous Lao, Khmer, Vietnamese and Chinese subject elites continued to engage each other and the French in fascinating and sometimes heated debates about the political, legal, cultural and economic place each group held in French Indochina – or did not want to hold. This directly affected how they came to interact with one another in new ways, essential to understanding the complexity of the colonial encounter at the time and can provide new insights into post-colonial and international history. Lastly, this wider approach to studying the colonial encounter allows us to view the French side of the colonial equation from a new vantage point.

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34

Wary, Jaysagar. "Salt Trade in Goalpara District During Colonial Period." Indian Historical Review 46, no. 2 (December 2019): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983619889541.

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Salt is an essential commodity for human beings, and its demand has been increasing in the markets since the early days. There was no information regarding salt production in Assam during the precolonial and colonial periods. On the other hand, small salt brines existed in places like Sadiya, Burhat and Naga hills, but they were unaffordable. At that time, people used Khar, the burn ashes of certain trees which produced a salty taste instead of ready-made salt. The salt became a symbol of wealth which helped people maintain a high status in the society of Assam as well as in the Goalpara district. The salt of Bengal became very famous because of its affordability—its supply was also available at Goalpara in the colonial period. Thus, Goalpara became the centre of salt trade of the north-eastern frontier countries. This article will attempt to highlight the salt trade and its significance in the colonial period.

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35

Verma, Aman. "Discourse on nationalism in colonial period of Korea." International Journal of Applied Research 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2021.v7.i2d.8281.

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36

Harkishan Singh. "India's Medico-Pharmaceutical Inheritance from the Colonial Period." Pharmacy in History 56, no. 3-4 (2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26506/pharmhist.56.3-4.0090.

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37

김난주. "Performance Records of Kyogen in Japanese Colonial Period." Journal of East Aisan Cultures ll, no. 57 (May 2014): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.16959/jeachy..57.201405.251.

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38

Singh, Harkishan. "India’s Medico-Pharmaceutical Inheritance from the Colonial Period." History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals 56, no. 3-4 (2014): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/hopp.56.3-4.90.

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39

Yi, Kisung. "‘Colonial archaeology’ in formative period of Japanese archaeology." Paek-San Society 118 (December 30, 2020): 461–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2020.118.461.

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40

Yoshikawa, Ayako. "Problems in recent studies of Colonial period divorces." YŎKSA WA HYŎNSIL : Quarterly Review of Korean History 107 (March 31, 2018): 523–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35865/ywh.2018.03.107.523.

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41

박, 철규. "Social Work in Busan At Japanese Colonial Period." Journal of Local History and Culture 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2006): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.17068/lhc.2006.11.9.2.241.

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42

권, 혁희. "Bamseom village and shipbuilding during the colonial period." Journal of Local History and Culture 16, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17068/lhc.2013.05.16.1.125.

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43

Turner, AJ. "Disease control during the colonial period in Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal 89, no. 7 (June 22, 2011): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00787.x.

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44

Ríos Castaño, Victoria. "Spanish-American Studies: The Colonial Period to 1898." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 84, no. 1 (April 16, 2024): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-08401033.

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45

Kim, Chul Soo. "The Japanese Colonial Power and the Destiny of BoCheonGyo in the Japanese Colonial Period." Journal of Korean Sundo Culture 20 (February 28, 2016): 371–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.35573/jksc.20.10.

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46

Kim, Woon Tai. "일제의 식민지정책". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 1 (31 грудня 1986): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps01008.

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Анотація:

Based on the author's recent book on Japanese Colonial Rule in Korea, this article begins with a brief review of the formulation, development, and the essential characteristics of the Japanese Imperialism. Dividing the period of the Japanese colonial rule into the four stages of preparation (1905-1910). formulation (1910-1919), appeasement (1919-1931), communications basing & wartime mobilization (1931-1945), the author tried to outline the policies of each period. Finally the characteristics of Japanese colonial policies and their impacts on the post-emancipatory politics and administration of Korea are examined.

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Harjo, Indhar Wahyu Wira. "The identity politics in Indonesian football during the colonial period." Journal Sport Area 7, no. 2 (August 23, 2022): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2022.vol7(2).8346.

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This research objective is to examine social stratification in the football sector in Indonesia during the colonial period. Social stratification is the beginning of the occurrence of discriminatory treatment differences. This research applies a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. The data sources in this research are obtained from journal articles, books, and mass media relevant to social stratification in the football sector during the colonial period. The selection of information sources used internal and external criticism to sort out the information collected through document study techniques. The data collected is then processed using interactive data analysis techniques to obtain answers to research problems. The research results show that social stratification took place individually and communally. Local football players are in the lowest position, as are football clubs and football federations formed by local communities. The system established by the colonial government placed European and Chinese football players into a higher layer than local players. This distinction triggered discriminatory treatment against local players to reduce the opportunity for football players and clubs to access the field and competitions organized by the federation formed by the Dutch colonial government. This condition, on the one hand, shows the process of imitating the local community towards sports brought by the colonizers. On the other hand, the imitation also contains resistance to discriminatory treatment as well as colonial practices. Changes in such discriminatory conditions are needed so that similar practices do not occur in other life aspects.

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Dan Motaung, Tlhabane Mokhine. "The African Nationalist Idea of Africa." Thinker 93, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v93i4.2203.

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This paper probes the impact of colonial designs in the fabrication of native subjectivities, which eventuated in toxic political identities that would later undermine the post-colonial nationalist project. African history was shaped by three discursive periods: pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial. The colonisation period deformed, distorted and adulterated Africa’s pre-colonial cultural landscape—its sense of selfhood. African nationalism was a response to this ontologically debilitated condition of African personhood resulting from the violence of self-serving European colonial modernity, which created a structured subjugation of the African ‘other.’ African colonial elites at once defined and epitomised various forms of African nationalism against European incursion. However, these African modernisers failed to grasp the historicity of such enduringly baneful identity politics, and were thereby often themselves cast into the vortex of social contradictions reflective of this history. Mamdani made this observation when he stated that in kick-starting the nation-building project after independence, post-colonial elites turned their backs on the history of colonialism and thus on their own history.Instead, they modelled their political imagination on the modern European state, the result being the nationalist dream was imposed on the reality of colonially imposed fragmentation, leading to new rounds of nation-building by ethnic cleansing. Consequently, African nationalism has invariably spread across large swathes of postcolonial Africa as it degenerated into odious ethnonationalism and chauvinism. Only through a deeper historical understanding of these colonial processes of African political identification can an we begin to understand how this once glorious African nationalism regressed into a dystopian one. This article draws on history to dissect this legacy of subjective forms of African self-understanding.

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Divleli, Melek Kutlu, and Abdullah Asım Divleli. "Pioneering Architect in the Construction of Post-Colonial Irak." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 3, no. 02 (August 31, 2023): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2023.3.02.106-119.

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The idea of the nation-state, which usually emerges in post-colonial periods, uses architecture as a tool of representation in Iraq, as in many other examples that have experienced similar processes. These architectural designs are not context-free and independent productions but are shaped in parallel with official historiographies. While the official historiography in post-colonial Iraq defines the pre-twentieth century as colonialist, it establishes a relationship of belonging with the ancient Iraqi history and the independence movements of the colonial process. Therefore, the architectural structures produced in this period are shaped in parallel with such a historiographical perspective. Although not all of them are labelled as national, the architectural structures built in post-colonial Iraq have a wide variety. Among them, the monumental monuments and sculptures designed and built by government decisions in the city squares are the most characteristic examples of the nationalization policy. This article focuses on Iraq’s nation-building process during the colonial and post-colonial periods and will tell the story of the construction of two monuments designed by Rifat Chadirji, considered the most influential architect of this period. Since the analysis cannot be done solely through observation, the diaries of the architect during the aforementioned period and before will also be utilized to record his recollections of the design and construction process. This article concludes that the monuments in Iraq are linked to the politics of the period in which they were built. Each has an ideological symbolic value and has played an essential role in shaping national memory.

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Mellado, María Eugenia. "Aproximación al período colonial del Archipiélago de Las Perlas, Panamá." Memorias 19 (May 4, 2022): 140–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.19.639.2.

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Este artículo presenta los resultados alcanzados en un trabajo realizado en el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla, en materia de recopilación, sistematización y análisis preliminar de documentos existentes y accesibles del período colonial para el Archipiélago de Las Perlas (Panamá). Se describen dos contextos de referencia, por un lado el momento del descubrimiento y llegada de los españoles al archipiélago, y por el otro, el devenir histórico de las islas hasta el momento de emancipación de las colonias americanas. Durante este segundo contexto se propone una periodificación, constituida por siete unidades temporales en base a hechos significativos para la historia de las poblaciones del conjunto de islas. Dado la relevancia de este punto geográfico en los últimos años como potencial destino turístico-residencial, la profundización histórica en los estudios de impacto socio ambiental se vuelve necesaria como parte del conocimiento del patrimonio como otro posible recurso de la zona.

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