Дисертації з теми "Textiles dyes"
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1
Carswell, Stewart. "Microanalysis of dyes from textiles." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1991. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35972/1/35972_Carswell_1991.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The discrimination and/or matching of dye extracts is an important aspect of forensic investigations involving textile samples. The aim of this work was to study the use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and diffuse reflectance to obtain IR spectra of dye samples, and the subsequent analysis of these spectra using library searching and principle component analysis.
The work in this thesis has demonstrated the development of a simple method for obtaining DRIFT spectra of dye samples. Library searching and principle component analysis were used to distinguish between many types of dye samples, including extracts that were not distinguished using TLC.
2
Guthrie, J. M. I. "The uptake of disperse dyes by modified wool." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374193.
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3
Jassim, K. N. "The desorption of anionic dyes from textile fibres." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235397.
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4
Drivas, Ioannis. "Chemical modification of natural dyes and their application in textiles." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505070.
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5
Li, Xiaofei. "New colorants for ink jet printing on textiles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10113.
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6
Ferreira, Ester Simoes Baptista. "New approaches towards the identification of yellow dyes in ancient textiles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flavonoid dyes were analysed by negative ion mode electrospray ionisation quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI QIT MS). New structure-dependent breakdown pathways were identified and the mechanisms were supported by deuterium labelling experiments. The results were extended to provide important structural information on unidentified flavonoids in natural yellow dye extracts. Samples of alum mordanted wool dyed with pure flavonoids or with natural dyes were exposed to accelerated light ageing. Under these conditions photooxidation was found to be the main degradation process. The photodegradation products were analysed by photodiode array high performance liquid chromatography (PDA HPLC) and by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESIMS). In general the photodegradation products of flavonols retain information on the nature of substituents of the B-ring and therefore provide partial structural information related to the original dye molecule. The nature of the light source was found not to influence the nature of the photodegradation products detected. No photodegradation products could be identified from flavone or flavonol 3-O-glycosides dyed textiles under the light ageing conditions used. The acid hydrolysis dye extraction process was found to influence the chemical profile of the dye extracts. The identification of the degradation produces allowed their quantification and hence the kinetics of the photooxidation process of flavonoid dyes on wool fibres could be studied. It was found that experimental data did not fit a consecutive first order reaction model. A rapid initial rate of decay of the flavonol was followed by a slower process. The results suggest that a model where the dye population is divided into two groups with different decay rates fits the experimental data adequately. The rates of decay were found to be influenced by the nature of the light source.
7
Nicklas, Charlotte. "Splendid hues : colour, dyes, everyday science and women's fashion, 1840-1875." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2009. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/101ff2e9-82bb-40f2-b205-d656f58d8de4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Great changes characterized the mid- to late nineteenth century in the field of dye chemistry, including many innovations in the production of colours across the spectrum, especially the development of synthetic dyes from coal-tar aniline. From 1840 to 1875, textile manufacturers offered a wide variety of colourful dress textiles to female fashion consumers in both Great Britain and the United States. Middle-class women were urged to educate themselves about dyeing, science, and colour, while cultivating appropriate, moderate attention to fashion in dress. This thesis examines the mid-nineteenth century relationship of fashion, dye chemistry, and everyday science, exploring consumers’ responses to these phenomena of modernity. Paying special attention to the appreciation of chemistry and colour theory during the period, this project considers how the development of new dyes affected middle-class uses and discussions of colours in women’s dress.
8
Zhao, Yifang. "La fixation des colorants réactifs au coton aux moyens du rayonnement infrarouge = Fixation of reactive dyes on cotton using infrared radiation." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
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9
Billah, Shah Md Reduwan. "Molecular design and synthesis of photochromic dyes for direct application on textiles and leather substrates." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2080.
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10
Peggie, David Alexander. "The development and application of analytical methods for the identification of dyes on historical textiles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analytical investigation of several historically important natural yellow and red dye sources is presented, extending previous work on the chemical characterisation of the acid hydrolysed extracts from dyed yarns. The PDA HPLC studies of weld (Reseda luteola L.) dyed yarn extracts found that neither the substrate nor additional steps in the dyeing process significantly altered the relative ratio of the main flavonoid components. Furthermore, their relative photo-degradation rates on the dyed yarns were similar, presenting few problems in the identification of the biological source. In contrast, the relative ratio of the main flavonoid components in dyer’s greenweed (Genista tinctoria L.) dyed yarn extracts was highly dependent on the dyeing process. The PDA HPLC and HPLC ESI MSn investigation of the acid hydrolysed extracts of yarn dyed with the Serratula species, sawwort (Serratula tinctoria L.) and Serratula coronata L., identified their characteristic dyeing components to be luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol and 3-O-methylquercetin. Similar studies performed on young fustic (Cotinus coggygria Scop.) dyed yarn extracts identified the main colouring components to be fisetin and sulfuretin. Due to the relatively high photo-degradation rates of many of the characteristic components in both sawwort and young fustic, the identification of historical yarns dyed with these sources was problematic. The dye components characterisic for Mexican cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) were all found to be structurally related anthraquinones, with similar photo-degradation rates on the dyed yarns. Analysis of the principal dye components from brazilwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum L.) using negative ion ESI MSn enabled the identification of new, structure dependent, mass spectrometric breakdown pathways. The mechanisms were supported by deuterium labelling experiments and the results were shown to be useful for the structural determination of previously unidentified components. An elimination product observed in the PDA HPLC analysis of hematein dyed yarn extracts was structurally characterised using NMR techniques. A similar component, derived from brazilein, was also observed in brazilwood dyed yarn extracts. A novel approach towards mordant identification using inductively coupled plasma techniques was investigated. ICP MS analysis was successful in identifying the metallic ions present in the acid hydrolysed extracts from both reference and historical yarns. However, interpretation of the results from historical samples was challenging due to the observation of large amounts of both aluminium and iron in the sample extracts. Within the Monitoring of Damage to Historic Tapestries (MODHT) project, yellow and green yarns from a selection of 15th – 17th century tapestries were investigated. Analysis of the yarn extracts identified weld and dyer’s greenweed as the most prevalent yellow dye sources, with young fustic frequency identified in the metal thread core extracts.
11
Kritis, Matt. "Natural dyes : thickening madder, weld, and woad for screenprinting of Turkish inspired textile prints." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3899.
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12
Ronald, Emma. "Patterns of identity : hand block printed and resist-dyed textiles of rural Rajasthan." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/8691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis sets out to investigate the changing social significance of the hand-block printed and resist-dyed cottons of Rajasthan. Once a vital part of the region’s everyday rural textile and dress traditions, communicating information about its wearers and demonstrating the craftsmanship of its makers, today block printed textiles are produced primarily for export and tourist markets. In the space of just a few decades the growing effects of globalisation have wrought irrevocable change upon this traditional craft. Under the pressures of new market forces, modern hand block printed textiles bear little resemblance to their traditional counterparts. Drawing on an ethnographic perspective in general, and an ethnomethodological perspective in particular, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a deeper understanding of traditional hand block printed and resist-dyed textiles – with particular focus on the modernisation of traditional forms of hand block printing in Rajasthan, and the various strategies and experiences which the craftspeople have undertaken to deal with the changes to the market for their products. Using the recent history of block printed cloth production in Rajasthan, as told by local artisans, it explores the manner in which such phenomena as modernisation and globalisation are embodied by shifts in production technology, design aesthetics, and market forces. In order to explore the rural roots and chart the dramatic recent modernisation of the craft this thesis identifies and documents the range of textiles traditionally made by the region’s hereditary communities of cloth printers and dyers, and investigates their role in the projection of identity, exploring the changing communicative function of these textiles, notably with the rise of synthetic fabrics, among the rural communities of Rajasthan. In doing so, this thesis investigates how the consumption of hand block printed textiles has changed over the past forty years and considers the impact of the growth of export and tourism on traditions of cloth printing in the region. It is a socially situated study, based on extensive firsthand fieldwork with the Chhipa community of hereditary cloth printers, making use of ethnography, photography, and personal experience of textile dyeing, printing and design. By developing methodologies based on the detailed documentation of the technologies, materials and processes involved in hand block printing this thesis seeks to update and expand upon the existing literature on the craft by providing and analysing contemporary accounts of family traditions and modern developments in use by current generations of artisans. In doing so this thesis also contributes to current discourse on the preservation of craft knowledge as a form of intangible cultural heritage. The study is primarily located within the field of Indian textile and dress studies. It contributes to contemporary ethnographies of textile crafts through the detailed analysis of print and dye technologies, and, by also considering the meanings and values of block printed cloth as clothing, adds to the literature on the social role of textiles and dress with a regionally-specific focus on the role of pattern and colour. By focussing on the communicative functions of pattern and cloth, it also enhances cross-disciplinary attentions to regional identities and intangible cultural heritage. Finally it engages with the very local processes of globalisation and the contemporary values of handcrafted cloth.
13
Jing, Han. "The historical and chemical investigation of dyes in high status Chinese costume and textiles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1911)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7181/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Costume colour held special significance in Chinese history. This thesis pioneers the multi-perspective exploration of dyes in high-status costume and textiles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties using the dual approach of history and chemistry. Through the examination and comparison of four important historical manuscripts of dye recipes (Chapter 1) and dyes in high-status historical and archaeological textiles (Chapter 4), dyes and dyeing techniques used during the Ming and Qing Dynasties are revealed. Results show that nine natural dyes were commonly used, and synthetic dyes were used from the late 19th century. Dyes were used according to specific rules to obtain various shades. Further research improves the understanding of some of the textiles including better knowledge of ownership and more accurate dating, as well as the role of dyeing in the social and global contexts (Chapter 4). Meanwhile, the botanical provenance, names and preferences for the significant dyes in Chinese textile history are clarified for the first time (Chapter 2). A database for the chemical composition of 22 reference Chinese dyes using Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Photodiode array detector and Mass spectrometer (UHPLC-PDA-MS) and UHPLC-PDA is first established, and the understanding of the chemical constituents of several dyes is improved. The investigation of dyes and dyeing techniques of the Li minority group in Hainan Province marks the start of the chemical research of ethnographic dyeing in China (Chapter 3). The accelerated light ageing study of reference dyes improves the knowledge of the lightfastness of the dyes. Suggestions on the conservation, preservation and exhibition of the dyes are provided (Chapter 5). This research contributes significantly to dyeing history, textile history and colour history both of China and the world.
14
Boucherie, Nathalie. "La couleur dans la civilisation Nasca : production tinctoriale et picturale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse se propose d’étudier de manière approfondie les matières colorantes et les techniques de coloration appliquées aux textiles de la culture Nasca. Cette civilisation préhispanique, sans écriture, s’est développée sur la côte sud du Pérou pendant environ neuf siècles (200 ans av. J.-C. ; 700 ans apr. J.-C.). Parmi sa culture matérielle, les textiles sont abondants et nombre d’entre eux sont de grande finesse avec des décors polychromes. La polychromie avait probablement une signification dans la cosmogonie Nasca et le textile est particulièrement chargé de sens dans la culture andine. Pourtant, les matériaux de la couleur demeurent un sujet encore méconnu dans le domaine textile. Il semblait donc intéressant d’identifier au moyen de méthodes physico-chimiques les matières colorantes utilisées par les artistes textiles Nasca. Pour ce faire, une enquête de terrain a été menée en amont pour récolter et identifier les sources colorantes susceptibles d’avoir été employées. Puis un corpus textile a été constitué avec des textiles inédits, issus de fouilles récentes menées sur les sites de Los Molinos, Estaqueria et Cahuachi, l’ancien centre politico-cérémoniel des Nasca. Quelques tissus d’autres cultures (Topará, Mochica et Nasca drivé) ont aussi été analysés pour établir des comparaisons.Les résultats fournissent de précieuses informations qui caractérisent la production tinctoriale et picturale des textiles Nasca. Au-delà de cet aspect technique, ces données sont utiles pour aborder sous un autre angle des problématiques archéologiques plus complexes notamment lorsque l’attribution culturelle des textiles est inconnue ou discutée, comme ceux de la péninsule de ParacasThis thesis’ aim is to propose an in-depth study of the dye-sources and dyeing and colouring techniques used for textiles in the Nasca civilization. This Pre-Columbian, pre-literate civilization flourished on the southern coast of Peru during some nine centuries (200 BC to 700 AD). In its material culture, textiles are very numerous and many of them are of outstanding quality, with a rich polychromatic ornamentation. Polychromy probably was of great significance among the Nasca and textiles seem to always have been of particular importance in Andean culture. Nevertheless, the material sources of the colours on these dyed and painted textiles have remained a comparatively poorly explored research field. It therefore appeared as a promising, innovative quest to try and identify the colouring matters used by Nasca textile artists, using state-of-the art physico-chemical analytical methods. To this effect, botanical and anthropological field missions were first conducted in order to identify and collect colouring sources that might have been employed by the Nasca dyers and textile painters. A corpus of archaeological textiles was assembled, selecting textiles discovered in the course of recent archaeological excavations on the sites of Los Molinos, Estaqueria and Cahuachi, the latter being the antique political and ceremonial centre of the Nasca civilization. A number of textiles from other cultures (Topará, Mochica and Nasca-derived) were also analyzed to allow comparisons.Our results bring precious new information on the production of dyes and paints on Nasca textiles. Allowing even further prospects than these important technical discoveries, they bring new light into complex archaeological issues, such as the cultural attribution of archaeological textiles whose provenance is unknown or disputed, which is the case for some textiles from the Paracas peninsula
15
Harrlekas, Farida. "Couplage des procédés membranaires aux techniques physico-chimiques ou biologiques pour le traitement des rejets liquides de l'industrie de textile." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL008N/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le traitement des rejets textiles se fait habituellement via une filière physico-chimique couplée à un traitement biologique. La qualité de l’effluent obtenu obéit difficilement aux normes de recyclage ou de rejet dans le milieu naturel. Dans cet objectif, différentes combinaisons sont proposées: la coagulation floculation (CF) et/ou l’adsorption sur charbon actif (CAP) en poudre couplée aux techniques membranaires (microfiltration (MF) ou ultrafiltration (UF)), la photocatalyse couplée à un traitement aérobie biologique (système membranaire (BRM) ou réacteur discontinu séquentiel (RDS)) ou au traitement anaérobie par voie biologique ou chimique. Une comparaison générale a été réalisée pour optimiser le traitement adéquat. La combinaison CF-CAP-UF est un traitement efficace pour la réduction de la DCO, de la couleur et de la turbidité. La dégradation de deux colorants textiles (azoïque et phthalocyanine) a été étudiée par photocatalyse simple ou combinée à un BRM. Le traitement photocatalytique a été réalisé en présence de dioxyde de titane fixé sur un support en fibres de cellulose dans un réacteur à film tombant en présence d’irradiation UV. Pour les deux types de réacteurs biologiques, bien que la biomasse ait été influencée par la variation de la concentration en colorant et par le mode de fonctionnement continu pour le BRM, elle a pu résister. Après le pré-traitement nous avons obtenu une complète décoloration mais les sous produits photocatalytiques demeurent toxiques et peuvent empêcher l’abattement de la DCO. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons testé le couplage de la photocatalyse à un traitement chimique par hydrogénation catalytique ou biologique par boues granulaires. Cette dernière possibilité s’avère être efficace puisque des taux de décoloration supérieurs à 90% ont été atteints pour différents types de colorants et qu’aucune toxicité des produits obtenus lors du pré-traitement photocatalytique n’a été détectéeThe treatment of textile wastewater is usually done by a set of physicochemical processes coupled with a biological treatment. The effluent quality abides with difficulty the norms for reuse or discharge in environment. Various treatment combinations have been tested such as coagulation-flocculation (CF) and adsorption on activated carbon (PAC) coupled with membrane technologies (microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF)), photocatalysis coupled with a biological treatment (membrane bioreactor (MBR) or a sequential batch reactor (SBR) or a biological and chemical anaerobic treatment. A general comparison was made to optimise the appropriate treatment. The combination CF-PAC-UF is the most effective of non-biological systems in terms of COD, absorbance and turbidity removal. The degradation of an azoïc and a phthalocyanine textile dyes by simple photocatalysis or combined to a membrane bioreactor has been investigated. Photocatalysis was achieved in a falling film reactor containing titanium dioxide fixed on cellulose fibres under UV irradiation. For both biological systems, although biomass was influenced by the variation of dyes concentration and the continuous operating mode for the MBR, it could resist to the applied conditions. However, even after pre-treatment where full decolouration was achieved, photocatalytic by-products were toxic and could inhibit COD removal. Chemical and biological anaerobic treatment have been applied to textile dyes and combined with a photocatalytic process. Photocatalysis was able to remove more than 90% color from crude as well as autoxidized reduced dye solutions. The photocatalytic end-products were not toxic toward methanogenic bacteria
16
Li, Meihui. "A comprehensive study of natural organic dyes in historical mediterranean textil by liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27739.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis involves an optimized chromatographic and spectroscopic study of textiles, dyed
with natural organic dyestuffs, aiming at the identification of chromophore constituents and
their possible degradation products. Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry coupled
with photodiode array detection has been applied for the samples’ analyses after the
selective extraction of chromophores from the substrate. The under investigation natural
organic dyes are those with a particular cultural value since they have been widely used for
textiles staining in the Mediterranean region since Antiquity. Improved “Mild Acid
Hydrolysis” with methanol/formic acid enabled the observation of intact organic dyes from
the silk textiles, while a water/ACN solvent system has also been employed for the pre
treatment of dyestuffs from both reference and silk samples, which has successfully
preserved the chemical information of dye compounds in order to create a comprehensive
database for the characterization of natural organic dyes in further studies. Moreover, three
different chromatographic programs were applied and compared in LC-PDA-MS, and the
best separation result from Program B has been employed to the analysis of the real samples
from Turkish silk textiles created by a historical dyeing recipes, and a certain amount of
effective information in terms of qualitative analysis has been clarified; Περίληψη:
Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αφορά την βελτιστοποιημένη χρωματογραφική και
φασματοσκοπική μελέτη κλωστοϋφαντουργικών προϊόντων βαμμένων με φυσικές
οργανικές χρωστικές, με στόχο την ταυτοποίηση των έγχρωμων συστατικών τους καθώς
και πιθανών προϊόντων αποικοδόμησης τους. Οι υπό διερεύνηση φυσικές οργανικές
χρωστικές είναι ιδιαίτερης πολιτιστικής αξίας, δεδομένου ότι έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί
ευρέως για την βαφή υφασμάτων στην περιοχή της Μεσογείου από την Αρχαιότητα. Για
την εκχύλιση των έγχρωμων ενώσεων των φυσικών οργανικών χρωστικών από τα
δείγματα αναφοράς καθώς και από τα ιστορικά δείγματα μεταξιού, εφαρμόστηκε μία ήπια
μέθοδος εκχύλισης με σύστημα διαλυτών νερού/ACN σε λουτρό υπερήχων. Επιπλέον, για
την απόσπαση των χρωστικών από τα ιστορικά δείγματα προηγήθηκε στάδιο
προκατεργασίας με μίγμα μεθανόλης/μυρμηκικού οξέος και θέρμανση σε ήπιες συνθήκες.
Η εφαρμογή ήπιων συνθηκών εκχύλισης επέτρεψε την απόσπαση των έγχρωμων ενώσεων
των φυσικών οργανικών χρωστικών, διατηρώντας επιτυχώς το σύνολο των χημικών
πληροφορίων που θα μας επέτρεπαν τον απόλυτο χαρακτηρισμό των φυσικών χρωστικών.
Για την ανάλυση των δειγμάτων μετά την εκλεκτική εκχύλιση των έγχρωμων ενώσεων από
τα υποστρώματα, εφαρμόστηκε η υγρή χρωματογραφία – φασματοσκοπία μάζας, LCMS.
Συνολικά εφαρμόστηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν τρία διαφορετικά προγράμματα LCMS, εκ των
οποίων τα καλύτερα αποτελέσματα διαχωρισμού και ταυτοποίησης επιτεύχθηκαν με το
Πρόγραμμα Β. Το πρόγραμμα αυτό εφαρμόστηκε και για την ανάλυση των ιστορικών
δειγμάτων από τουρκικά μεταξωτά υφάσματα, βαμμένα βάσει ιστορικών συνταγών βαφής.
17
Kim, Soon-Hye. "Painted Shibori /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11505.
Повний текст джерела
18
Vásquez, Pachas Gabriela Lisset. "La percepción de las mujeres de 25 a 35 años consumidoras de moda sostenible sobre el uso de tintes vegetales en textiles de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana del 2015 - 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La moda es la segunda industria más contaminante a nivel mundial y cada año sus niveles de contaminación van aumentando. Debido a esto, desde 1960, los consumidores le exigen a dicha industria cambiar sus prácticas y procesos de fabricación. Para cumplir con estas exigencias, surge la moda sostenible con el objetivo de crear productos que busquen una armonía entre la rentabilidad de la empresa y el uso eficiente de los recursos naturales con el propósito de cuidar el medio ambiente. Actualmente, la sostenibilidad ha adquirido mayor importancia dentro de la industria de la moda en el Perú, y una sus iniciativas es el uso de plantas tintóreas para la elaboración de tintes vegetales, los cuales sirven para teñir fibras y textiles. Esta técnica artesanal se viene desarrollando en diversas marcas de moda en Lima Metropolitana, sin embargo, no se tiene conocimiento sobre las actitudes y opiniones de los consumidores sobre esta alternativa ecológica.
Por este motivo, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito conocer la percepción de las mujeres de 25 a 35 años consumidoras de moda sostenible sobre el uso de tintes vegetales en textiles de la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana del 2015 – 2020. Para ello, se desarrollará una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, por lo que se realizarán 25 entrevistas a profundidad a mujeres limeñas de entre 25 a 35 años que presenten interés por el cuidado del medio ambiente y realicen hábitos ecológicos, como la compra de ropa y accesorios eco amigables.Fashion is the second most polluting industry worldwide and every year its pollution levels are increasing. Because of this, since 1960, consumers have been demanding that the industry change its manufacturing practices and processes. To meet these demands, sustainable fashion arises with the aim of creating products that seek harmony between the profitability of the company and the efficient use of natural resources in order to take care of the environment. Nowadays, sustainability in the fashion industry has acquired greater importance in Peru, and one of its initiatives is the use of dyeing plants for the production of vegetable dyes, which are used to dye fibers and textiles. This artisan technique has been developed in various fashion brands in Metropolitan Lima, however, there is no knowledge about the attitudes and opinions of consumers about this ecological alternative. For this reason, the present research work aims to know the perception of women between 25 and 35 years of age who are consumers of sustainable fashion on the use of vegetable dyes in textiles in zone 7 of Metropolitan Lima from 2015 - 2020. For this, an investigation with a qualitative approach will be developed, conducting 25 in-depth interviews with Lima women between 25 and 35 years old who show interest in caring for the environment and carry out ecological habits, such as buying clothes and accessories eco friendly.
Trabajo de investigación
19
Edwards, Jessica Corinne. "Investigation of Color Removal by Chemical Oxidation for Three Reactive Textile Dyes and Spent Textile Dye Wastewater." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research investigated the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, UV in combination with chlorine dioxide (UV/ClO2), and UV in combination with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) for decolorizing three reactive azo dyes (sultan red, indigo blue and cypress green) and treated textile-manufacturing wastewater. The objective was to determine the best treatment for reducing color to the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit level of 300 American Dye Manufacturers Institute (ADMI) units. The effects of the three chemical oxidation treatments provided color reduction for all three dyes. The results suggested UV/H2O2 and UV/ClO2 treatments provided maximum color reduction of the red and blue dyes, and UV/H2O2 was the most effective for maximum reduction of the green dye.
A research goal was to provide predictive models of the wastewater effluent for the treatment processes, including the UV exposure time required to reach the 300 ADMI permit value and the effective ClO2 dose necessary to achieve the 300 units. The results of the investigations regarding the effluent indicated that UV/H2O2 and UV/ClO2 (5 mg/L) provided reduction to 300 units in less than 10 minutes UV exposure when the initial effluent color was less than 500 ADMI units. Without the addition of oxidant, contact times longer than 10 minutes were required for UV to decolorize these effluents to 300 ADMI units. Chlorine dioxide dosages between 10 and 30 mg/L both with and without UV irradiation achieved the same results.
Master of Science
20
Ibn, Hadj Hassine Aziza. "Evaluation de l’activité oestrogenique de contaminants et développement d’un bio-récepteur d’affinité pour la détection d’une xéno-hormone." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0740/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis plusieurs années, des agents exogènes environnementaux appelés perturbateurs endocriniens (PE), sont soupçonnés d’interférer avec les fonctions essentielles de reproduction et de développement chez de nombreux organismes vivants. Pour la protection de l’Environnement et de l’Homme, la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau établit des normes de qualité environnementale (NQE) et limite la concentration de trente-trois substances et de huit autres polluants dans les eaux de surface. En revanche, elle ne prend pas encore en compte l’effet de ces substances prioritaires sur les écosystèmes et les humains notamment la perturbation endocrinienne. De plus les spécificités des perturbateurs endocriniens (courbe dose réponse, effets de mélanges etc..) rendent le processus d'identification de ces molécules complexe. Cette thèse est axée sur l’étude d’un des effets hormonaux, les plus couramment rencontrés, la perturbation estrogénique en utilisant comme outils de diagnostic le yeast estrogen screen (YES). Cette étude porte plus particulièrement sur le nord de la Tunisie où l’impact de certains PE sur le développement de poissons Aphanius fasciatus a été mis en évidence. Certains xénoestrogènes comme le cadmium et les HAP, produits générés par l’industrie locale, sont en partie mis en cause dans les malformations observées. En parallèle, certains xénoestrogènes (parabènes notamment) sont retrouvés dans les eaux de stations d’épuration. D’autres produits chimiques comme les colorants textiles et alimentaires ont également des activités endocriniennes. Dans le cadre de la surveillance de la qualité des eaux, il est nécessaire de développer des tests rapides de détection de ces perturbateurs venant complémenter les analyses chimiques. Certaines substances actives sur le système endocrinien étant peu immunogènes, l’axe de recherche développé, dans ce cadre de cette thèse, porte sur un peptide affine pour détecter une myoestrogène, l’ochratoxine AFor several years, environmental exogenous agents called endocrine disruptors (ED) , are thought to interfere with reproduction and development fonctions in many organisms . For the Protection of the Environment and human health, the Water Framework Directive establishes environmental quality standards (EQS) and limits the ranges of thirty-three substances and eight other pollutants in surface waters. Nevertheless, it does not yet take into account the effect of these priority substances on ecosystems and humans including endocrine disruption. More than endocrine disruptors specificity (dose response curve , mixtures effect etc. .. ) make the identification process more complex. This thesis focuses on the study of hormonal effects, the most commonly encountered, estrogen disruption using the yeast estrogen screen (YES) as diagnostic tool. This study focuses particularly on the north of Tunisia, where the impact of ED on development of Aphanius fasciatus . Some xenoestrogens such as cadmium and PAH products generated by local industry are partly implicated on observed skeletal deformities. In parallel, some xenoestrogens (including parabens) are detected in the waters of sewage treatment plants. Other chemicals such as textile and food dyes also have endocrine activities. Under the supervision of water quality, it is necessary to develop rapid tests to detect endocrine disrupter and supplement chemical analyzes. Some active substances on the endocrine system is poorly immunogenic, the research axis developed in this thesis focuses on a peptide affinity for detecting a fungi toxin, ochratoxin A
21
Kennerley, Vanessa M. "The microbial decolourisation of textile dyes." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314330.
Повний текст джерела
22
Abouamer, Karima Massaud. "Application of natural dyes in textile industry and the treatment of dye solutions using electrolytic techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anodic oxidation of a commercial dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions using an electrochemical cell is reported. Data are provided on the effects of eight different types of supporting electrolytes, concentration of electrolytes, initial dye concentration, current and electrolytic time on the percentage removal of methylene blue. Anodic oxidation was found to be effective in achieving the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The optimised electrolytic conditions, for the removal of methylene blue (MB), were applied to the removal of azure A (AA), azure B (AB), azure C (AC), toluidine blue 0 (TBO), new methylene blue (NMB), dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB), thionine (TH), methylene green (MG), methyl violet (MV), Nile blue (NB), neutral red (NR), acridine orange (AO) and resorufin (RS) from aqueous solutions containing sodium chloride. Results indicated that between 84 to 100% of each dye of phenothiazine was removed during 60 minutes of electrolysis. The percentage removals for the phenothiazine dyes followed the following decreasing order: (MG ≈ MV) > (DMMB ≈ AA) > (AB ≈ AC ≈ NMB) > TBO > TH. However, the azine, acridine and oxazine dyes showed between 98 to 99% colour removal and the following decreasing order: NB ≈ NR > AO ≈ RS. Strongly electron withdrawing substituents such as nitro group or carbonyl group increases the degradation of the phenothiazine chromophore, whereas the electron donating groups such as amino and alkyl amino groups decrease the degradation. Anodic oxidation studies were extended to the destruction of eight permitted food colours, with azo and triarylmethane chromophore, from aqueous solution containing either sodium chloride or sodium sulphate as a supporting electrolyte. Again, sodium chloride was found to be the best supporting electrolyte and between 97 to 100% colour removal was achieved after 60 minutes of electrolysis. The percentage removal for the single azo based colourants followed the following increasing order: carmoisine > sunset yellow FCF > amaranth > ponceau 411 > tartrazine. However, the binary and ternary mixtures of food colour showed the following increasing order: blue > green > yellow food colours. The extractions and applications of 54 different types of natural dyes (53 from plants and one from animal origin) are evaluated using simple techniques. The extracted natural dyes were applied in dyeing three types of textile fabrics viz: a) paj silk, b) brushed cotton twill and c) crystallized shimmering satin. The effects of two eco-friendly mordants (alum and iron) on the dyeing process were compared with the dyeing process without mordants. The colour fastness to wash and light (both natural and artificial sun light) of these natural dyes were also assessed. The results showed that out of the 54 dyestuffs studied, 32 plants are potentially able to produce marketable natural dyes. These dyes produced good colour and met minimal performance standards for colour fastness to light and washing. The addition of mordants generally increased the fastness properties. Silk gave the best performance of dyeing uptake and stability. Cotton gave the poorest fastness properties. The overall results showed that, considering molecular associations, the fastness properties were of the order: anthraquinones and tannins> indigoid > flavones> flavonols > flavanols> carotenoids> anthocyanins. Anodic oxidation studies were extended to the destruction of ten natural dyes from aqueous solutions containing either sodium chloride or sodium sulphate as a supporting electrolyte. Anodic oxidation was effective in achieving the removal of green tea (35%), spinach (69%), Langdale yellow and turmeric (95%), carmine, saffron, henna (97%), beetroot, karkade and sumac (98%). However, TOC measurements and the UV analyses indicated that some organic intermediate compounds were formed in the presence of sodium chloride.
23
Meguedad, Karima. "Dégradation photocatalytique de colorants sur TiO2 Degussa P25 et argile pontée au titane." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ces dernières années, les problèmes d’environnement et de dépollution sont devenus cruciaux. En particulier, les industries textiles sont une source très importante de pollution des milieux aquatiques. De 60 à 70 % des colorants de l’industrie textiles contiennent une ou plusieurs fonctions azoïques et sont pour la plupart d’entre eux toxiques, mutagènes et cancérigènes. L’objectif de la thèse a été d’évaluer l’efficacité du procédé photocatalytique pour éliminer des colorants anioniques et cationiques seuls ou en mélange en présence de dioxyde de titane et d’argile pontée au titane, synthétisé au laboratoire. Trois colorants sont étudiés comme modèle le bleu de Méthylène (BM), le noir Rémazol 5 (NR5) et le réactif rouge 2 (RR2). La première partie du travail est une étude cinétique de l’adsorption, de la dégradation et de la minéralisation de ces colorants à différents pH. Plusieurs conclusions émergent (1) l’isotherme d’adsorption n’est pas une isotherme de Langmuir (2) aucune corrélation n’est observée entre les quantités adsorbées et les vitesses de dégradation et (3) à forte concentration en colorants, une partie de la lumière est absorbée et la vitesse de dégradation diminue. La seconde partie du travail concerne l’étude du mélange des deux colorants anioniques. L’influence du rapport molaire, du pH et de la concentration initiale sur l’isotherme d’adsorption, la cinétique de décoloration et de minéralisation des deux colorants dans le mélange sont étudiés et comparés à celle obtenues pour les colorants pris individuellement. Aucun complexe n’est formé. Des compétitions entre les deux colorants sont observées après saturation de la surface de TiO2. Au-delà de la saturation du catalyseur un ralentissement de la minéralisation du COT et des hétéroatomes est observé. La troisième partie de l’étude est dédiée à l’étude de la préparation, caractérisation et propriétés photocatalytique de l’argile pontée au TiO2 (MMT-TiO2) et du matériau composite : argile pontée au TiO2 dopée avec de l’argent (MMT-TiO2/Ag). Cette étude est réalisée sur le colorant cationique (BM) et le colorant anionique (NR5). Une adsorption totale du colorant BM est observée, contrairement au NR5 qui ne s’adsorbe pratiquement pas, suggérant une adsorption par liaison ionique. L’argile pontée dopée ou non ne présente pas des propriétés photocatalytiques plus importantes que celle de TiO2 mais joue un rôle important sur l’adsorption des colorants cationiques, ce qui favorise leur élimination de la solution aqueuse. La présence d’Ag diminue les propriétés d’adsorption et de photocatalyse de l’argile pontéeThe problems of environment become crucial. In particular, textile industries are important sources of pollution of the aquatic system. 60% to 70% of dyes used in these textiles industries are azo dyes containing one or more; some of them are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic processed for the elimination of anionic and cationic dyes alone or in combination with titanium dioxide and clay pillared with titanium, synthesized in the laboratory. The photocatalytic processing is interesting because solar flux can be used. Three dyes were studied as model: methylene blue (BM), black Remazol 5 (NR5) and reactive red 2 (RR2). The first part of this work is a kinetic study of adsorption, degradation and mineralization of these dyes at different pH. Several conclusions emerge (1) the adsorption isotherm is not of Langmuir type(2) no correlation exists between the quantities adsorbed and the degradation rates and (3) at high concentration, a part of UV is absorbed by the dye and the degradation rate decreases. The second part of the work involves the study of the mixture of two anionic dyes. The concentration of both dyes in the mixture, the influence of molar ratios, pH and initial concentration on the adsorption isotherm, kinetics of decolorization and mineralization of the two dyes in the mixture are compared to that obtained for the individual dyes. No complex is formed and competition between the two dyes occurs only after saturation of the photocatalyst surface. Beyond the saturation of the catalyst a slower mineralization of TOC and heteroatoms are observed. The third part deals with the preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 pillared clay (MMT-TiO2) and of a composite material: TiO2 pillared clay doped with silver (MMT -TiO2/Ag), performed on the cationic dye (MB) and the anionic dye (NR5). A total adsorption of the BM dye is observed. Constrasting with the NR5 adsorption suggesting an adsorption by ionic bond. The pillared clay doped or not with silver but favors the elimination of dyes from the aqueous solution by adsorption. The presence of silver reduces the adsorption properties and photocatalysis properties of the pillared clay
24
Owoeye, Omotato Idowu Oke. "Textiles texts and symbols : women dyers and symbols in the Indigo textile dyeing production process in Osogbo Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the emergence of narrative and humanistic anthropological perspectives on thriving indigenous textile technologies, indigo dyed textile products are often read as homogenous products, devoid of Yoruba women-dyers' symbolic narratives. This ethnographic research on indigo textile dyeing in Osogbo examines the relationship between textile production and ritual by focusing on how indigenous peoples are stimulated to create what they make and the textile makers' unit of expression. A key argument throughout the thesis is that the dyeing act is a ritual performance by women dyers in Osogbo a re-enacted symbolic performance of the formation and evolution of human sociality and the socialization of human beings. It is also a symbolic representation of motherhood (parenthood when it comes to the societal level) a process of inscribing the kadara (destiny) of a child and the development of iwa (character) and ewa (beauty) to be an omoluabi (good and cultured child) in Yoruba ontology. The thesis also explores alkaline water production processes as part of the indigenous indigo textile dyeing processes and the use of adire textile for communication in Osogbo the notions of colour and colour symbolism and the use of texts, proverbs and images on dyed textiles as communicative tools specifically to show the transformatory nature of rituals in indigo textile dyeing.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Anthropology and Archaeology
DPhil
Unrestricted
25
Kooroshnia, Marjan. "Creating diverse colour-changing effects on textiles." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the technological progress of materials science, the palette of colours with which to print on textiles has expanded beyond those with previously known properties and expressions to a new generation, with more advanced functionality and expressive properties. This new range of colours is characterised by their ability when printed on textiles to change colour in relation to external factors and internal programmes; for example, leuco dye-based thermochromic inks generally change colour in response to temperature fluctuations. This research explores the design properties and potentials of leuco dye-based thermochromic inks printed on textiles, with regard to creating a wider range of colour-changing effects for textile applications. The significance of this for textile design is related to the development of a methodology for designing dynamic surface patterns. The research was conducted by creating a series of design experiments using leuco dye-based thermochromic inks, which resulted in different recipes and methods, along with a pedagogical tool. The results highlighted the diverse colour-changing properties of leuco dye-based thermochromic inks, which have the potential to create more complex patterns on textiles. The outcome of this research proposes a foundation for textile designers with which to approach new ways of thinking and designing.
26
Gottlieb, Anna Louise. "Microbial degradation of textile dyes to safe end-products." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273769.
Повний текст джерела
27
Goetz, Charity. "Textile dyes techniques and their effects on the environment with a recommendation for dyers concerning the Green effect /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
Повний текст джерела
28
Little, Anna Frances. "An investigation into textile applications of photochromic dyes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2190.
Повний текст джерела
29
Corner, David. "Reactive dyebath reuse systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8498.
Повний текст джерела
30
Arifoglu, M. "Kinetic factors in textile printing with fibre-reactive dyes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376807.
Повний текст джерела
31
Horton, Aaron Michael. "Novel Reactive Dyes Based on Pyrimidine and Quinoxaline Systems." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04302009-143537/.
Повний текст джерела
32
Von, Hoven Terri Michelle. "Comparison of image analysis systems for their ability to detect the white speck phenomenon." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8691.
Повний текст джерела
33
Türgay, Orcun. "Decolourization of azo dyes in textile wastewater by microbial processes." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-7425.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decolorization of Azo dyes in synthetic wastewater composition which is similar to real textile wastewater was carried out by microbial process. Experiments were performed in two continuous systems. Experiments were performed under anaerobic conditions in order to break the nitrogen bond of the azo group (-N=N-). A synthetic dye solution which contained 200 mg/L Reactive Black 5, 200 mg/L Procion Red MX-5B and 1 g/L yeast extract was prepared. In this study, living microorganisms were used to degrade the dyes in wastewater. Rice husks which contain bacteria and fungi were used in the reactors of continuous systems. The parameters tested on continuous system were wastewater composition, the number of reactors, the amount of yeast extract in wastewater composition, the wastewater flowrate, washing the system with wood chips solution, addition of yeast extract solution. Results have shown that increasing the number of reactors, the retention time, the amount of yeast extract and washing the system with wood chips solution had positive effects for degradation of the dyes from wastewater. When the flowrate was increased the retention time has decreased so degradation of dyes has decreased but although the flowrate increased twice, % degradation hasn’t decreased as the same ratio. Therefore this result showed that this process can be worked for faster flowrates. Microbial process is a promising technology which might be used to treat wastewater containing azo dyes with good performance.
34
Datsko, O. I. "Using natural dyes in ukrainian lizhnyck’s textile crafts: ecological aspect." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11625.
Повний текст джерела
35
Oxspring, Darren A. "The detection and determination of selected organic pollutants by modern instrumental techniques of analysis." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241679.
Повний текст джерела
36
Seckin, M. Levent. "Effect of superba heatsetting on dyeing behavior of nylon 6,6 carpet yarns." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8268.
Повний текст джерела
37
Forman, Gabriela Alexandra da Cunha Santos. "The importance of biotechnology in the textile industry." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12440.
Повний текст джерела
38
Huang, Chao-Chiung. "Studies relating to the conservation of Miao textiles." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263948.
Повний текст джерела
39
Mcclure, Kathryn Raeburn. "Development of new extraction methods for analysis of natural and synthetic organic colourants from historical and artistic matrices." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:
In this thesis, an innovative approach for the extraction and clean-up of natural and synthetic
textile dyes based on a recently developed ammonia extraction protocol and a novel
Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) is presented. The thesis builds upon recent
research highlighting the benefits of the ammonia-based extraction protocol for efficient
extraction and preservation of the glycosyl moieties present in some types of natural dyes.
This state-of-the-art extraction technique requires the use of a clean-up step to purify and preconcentrate the dye molecules for analysis. This clean-up step has never before been
investigated or developed, and current methods rely upon traditional Liquid-Liquid Extractions
(LLE), which are not well suited to the very small quantities of materials available for the
analysis of artefacts of cultural heritage. The novel DLLME protocol presented by this thesis
was developed in order to improve the recovery of natural dyes for analysis, and is also the
first clean-up protocol to be developed for the analysis of synthetic textile dyes from cultural
heritage matrices. Whilst a clean-up system has never before been applied to synthetic dyes
within cultural heritage, pre-concentration and pre-treatment protocols are frequently reported
for analysis of the same type of dyes used in food colourants. For this reason, this research
adapts a DLLME method from the analysis of edible products, and combines this with the
state-of-the-art ammonia extraction method reported in literature. DLLME protocols for both
natural and synthetic dyes were developed and optimised first on known analytical standards,
considered representative of the possible structures of natural dyes and synthetic azoic acid
dyes respectively. The extraction recoveries of a variety of disperser and extraction solvents
were analysed using HPLC coupled with targeted mass spectrometry. The optimised
conditions were then coupled with the ammonia based extraction to ensure coherence of the
methods. The results showed significant improvements in the recovery of natural dye analytes
compared to current methods, as well as increased precision and efficiency. For synthetic
dyes, results showed adequate recovery of analytes and allowed the ammonia-based
extraction method to be applied successfully for the first time. After optimisation, the protocol
for synthetic dyes was applied successfully to 15 samples (11 fibres, 4 powders) of suspected
azo dyes from the Azienda Coloranti Nazionali e Affini (ACNA) synthetic dye collection housed
at Sapienza University of Rome’s Museum of Chemistry. The novel protocol was performed
after preliminary Raman screening to obtain some introductory information about the unknown
samples in the collection. After application of the novel protocol, the samples were identified
through untargeted analysis by HPLC-HRMS.
40
Chettra, Satinderjeet Kaur. "Microscopy and surface chemical investigations of dyed cellulose textiles." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10237/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cotton is a vital material for the textile industry, providing the fundamental raw component for the manufacture of numerous and varied garments. It has been thoroughly characterised both in terms of its constitution; behaviour under a variety of environmental and manufacturing conditions; and several mechanisms by which it takes up dyestuffs. Recently the availability of a range of high-performance surface analysis tools has allowed researchers to begin to assess the contribution of the surface interface to the overall properties of cellulose in cotton. In particular, these approaches offer considerable potential to address the current lack of fundamental experimental data in support of the proposed dye-uptake mechanisms in cotton fibres. The absence of a detailed molecular model for the process makes it difficult to predict dye performance and to identify the key characteristics of the cotton which influence dyeing. For example, the existence and location of dye binding sites is still unclear. It has been postulated that the occurrence of crystalline or amorphous regions in cotton may play a role in such binding and in dye uptake. A deeper understanding of the dyeing mechanisms therefore requires knowledge of the interplay between the physical chemistry of the dye, its adsorption/diffusion onto the surface of and within cotton fibres, and the related physical and chemical characteristics of the cotton itself. Here we begin to address these broad questions through the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other complimentary surface analytical techniques, to analyse a range of dyed and undyed cellulose based textiles. We provide high-resolution surface morphological image data, which show nanometre scale detail of the surface of dyed and undyed cotton fibres. It is believed that the dyeing process induces an increase in crystallinity, due to breakages in hydrogen bonds between cellulose chain molecules during swelling of fibres within the dyebath, thus allowing dye molecules to enter and become entrapped within the fibre matrix. We provide evidence in the form of image data that suggest a difference in the crystal structure between undyed and dyed cellulose fibres to support this theory. We also reveal possible crystalline and amorphous regions within the substrate through AFM phase imaging using modified tips and successfully fingerprint regions of dyed and undyed cellulose fibres. Complimentary surface chemical analysis of dyed and undyed fibres, provide qualitative and quantitative data to show the presence of dye molecules on the surface of dyed cellulose textiles. Novel investigations of dyed fibres through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), determine the amount of dye present at the surface of cotton fibres. Using the N 1s atomic orbital region as a diagnostic peak, the level of dye loading could be directly attributed to the concentration levels of dye within the dyebath. The XPS data also provided strong evidence for possible dye-uptake mechanisms. We observed that certain stages of the dyeing process directly influenced the amount of dye entering cotton fibres. XPS showed that an increase in salt (NaCl) content within the dyebath produced dyed fibres with increased presence of dye compound at the surface. The knowledge obtained from these studies will help to improve the dyes and dyeing mechanisms for cotton and other textiles, thus improving the quality of dyed garments offered to the consumer.
41
Palladino, Nicoletta. "Nanomaterials for the consolidation of iron-tannate dyed textiles." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246329.
Повний текст джерела
42
Yaseen, D. A. "Treatment of synthetic wastewater containing textile dyes with experimental constructed wetlands." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47255/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A global increase in industrialisation has resulted in the rapid growth of textile industries in developing countries, leading to a high rise in the overall discharge of a broad range of pollutants. Amongst these pollutants is dye wastewater, which frequently has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals, depending on the receiving watercourses as a source for drinking water. In contrast to traditional high-rate wastewater treatment units, passive biological treatment technologies, such as constructed wetlands are a sustainable and cost-effective alternative technology to treat large quantities of contaminated water, especially in places where land costs are low. Four small scale experiments were conducted between July 2014 and June 2017 using plastic containers simulating constructed wetland planted with Common Duckweed (Lemna minor) for assessing the system performance, as a polishing stage, for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing dyes: acid blue 113 (AB113), reactive blue 198 (RB198), basic red 46 (BR46) and direct orange 46 (DO46), with the main focus on removal of the dyes. The novelty of this research was to cover five prominent gaps in the literature, related to the treatment of dye effluents using free-floating plant-based constructed wetland systems under hydroponic conditions. These gaps have not been previously investigated with this system, which include: treatment of four dyes, which have not been treated before using this economic system; evaluate the system performance and the removal mechanism, in detail, for long-term operation as a polishing stage; assess the performance of identical systems for treating the same dye wastewaters under both semi-natural and controlled conditions; studying the effect of pH adjustment during the operation period; and treatment of mixed dyes (real cases) of textile effluents. The overall findings showed that the systems removed BR46 more efficiently than the other dyes studied, and ponds containing L. minor significantly (p<0.05) outperformed algae-dominated and control ponds. The potential of L. minor ponds for the treatment of BR46 was significantly (p<0.05) better under controlled conditions than those under semi-natural conditions. The impact of pH was negligible concerning the treatment of BR46. In addition, the potential for BR46 degradation when it forms only part of a dye mixture is lower, compared to its corresponding removal as an individual dye. Furthermore, only ponds containing L. minor completely eliminated BR46 by removing the aromatic amines after dye decolourisation. Regarding the main water quality parameters, the findings showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand were not significantly different in all design variables. The reduction of nutrients was considerably higher in planted ponds than in controls. Based on L. minor monitoring, all dyes reduced the growth of L. minor, and the synthetic textile wastewater negatively affected the plants’ growth compared with wastewater containing fertiliser. The overall outcomes of this research provide a better understanding of the long-term performance of shallow ponds technology using different al conditions and design variables for the treatment of dye wastewater. Consequently, this will be a tremendous value for wetland ponds engineers to foster the practical development of this system as a low-cost alternative for helping developing countries.
43
Baker, Rosemary M. "Nineteenth century synthetic textile dyes : their history and identification on fabric." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/372624/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Textile dyes have been the subject of many studies from the varied perspectives of historians, conservators and scientists. Most of these have focused on natural compounds but nineteenth century synthetic dyes form the basis of this thesis. The dual areas of interest have been the social history of those dyes developed between the introduction of Mauveine in 1856 and the end of the century and the investigation of novel spectroscopic methods for their identification in situon textiles. Although the first synthetic dye was manufactured in England, the centre of the industry soon moved to Germany and Switzerland. Education an d contacts in Switzerland or Germany were important in advancement in the field as can be seen in the previously unresearched biography of J.J. Hummel who, through his Swiss step-father, was able to travel to Zurich to study and subsequently progressed from working as a cotton printer to become the first professor of textile dyeing at the Yorkshire College, later Leeds University. Evidence was found in newspapers and popular periodicals for three other factors which had an important influence on the attitude to synthetic dyes in England. One was English reluctance to invest in speculative ventures rather than the established textile industries. The second was the possession of colonial holdings and overseas trade networks which encouraged continued research into imported natural products. Thirdly the particular form of the Arts and Crafts movement in England emphasised the craft means of production in a way which the equivalent aesthetic in Germany did not. Nineteenth century dye manuals show that there was no exclusive use of either natural or synthetic dyes in the trade despite the fashion in artistic circles for ‘natural’ colours. The identification of synthetic dyes on textiles is important in textile history and conservation especially in the context supplied by the investigations described above into the usage of the dyes. It is highly desirable in the field of cultural heritage to devise analytical techniques which are non-destructive and non-sampling. Dyed wool and silk samples were prepared using 12 dye compounds. Different techniques were tested and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy was able to provide diagnostic spectra for a variety of synthetic dyes. Clear features in the spectra could be used to identify the dye class and to distinguish between dyes of the same class. This technique allowed the detection of dyes on the textile for the first time and it was applied successfully to original samples from dye manuals. One unknown mauve sample was also analysed and a combination of infrared and Raman spectroscopy allowed a definite identification of the dye as a triphenylmethane and tentatively as Methyl violet. This study combines investigations into material culture and social history and demonstrates the use of science together with historical research to reveal new insights into the history of textile dyes.
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Schrader, Erica. "Comparison of aluminum mordants on colorfastness of natural dyes on cotton and bamboo fabrics." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4151.
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Gonul, Mahmut. "Correlation of plasticizer chemical/physical properties to dyeability and finished characteristics of Nomex Aramid fabrics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8527.
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Thompson, Kimberlee Fay. "The role of singlet oxygen in the bleaching of cotton." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8680.
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Berry, Lee J. "Evaluation of novel plasticizers as carriers in dyeing aramid fabrics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9978.
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McFarland, Elizabeth Gramling. "A new method for determining diffusion and convection mass transfer coefficients in the dyeing of textile materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12416.
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Davis, Glenda. "A sociolinguistic inquiry into wax-dyed cloth names in Togo and Côte d'Ivoire /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to Domowitz (1992), the Agni women of Cote d'Ivoire assign proverbs and aphorisms as names to wax-dyed cloth. Women then use the imagery and associated proverbs behind cloth names to send non-verbal messages they would otherwise be unable to express publicly. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to investigate wax-dyed cloth names including their underlying meanings and uses given by women in Cote d'Ivoire and Togo; and second, to investigate how these names are acquired in French by women who have no formal education. Qualitative results revealed that women in these two countries are very motivated to learn cloth names. New undocumented names and their underlying meanings were also found. Some of these meanings were found to be educational; others are used to maintain status or to clarify power relationships. At the same time, quantitative results indicated that knowledge and use of cloth names in both communities studied is in decline.
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Gilmore, Laurie Ann. "Chlorination of synthetic dyes and synthetic brighteners." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20794.
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