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1
Cao, Huantian, Kelly Cobb, Michelle Yatvitskiy, Megan Wolfe, and Hongqing Shen. "Textile and Product Development from End-of-Use Cotton Apparel: A Study to Reclaim Value from Waste." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 8553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textile and apparel production and consumption generate a huge amount of solid textile waste. Mechanical recycling is one main method to recycle cotton waste; however, shredding in mechanical recycling shortens fiber length and reduces fiber quality. As a result, the application of mechanically recycled textiles may be limited. This research investigated mechanical methods to recycle post-consumer cotton textile waste and designed and developed second-life products. This study applied research through design methodology and documented step-by-step textile and product development practices to communicate the results. Using the textiles from deconstructed end-of-use garments with a high cotton content (80% or higher), combined with other materials, the researchers developed yarns, and nonwoven, woven, quilted, tufted fabrics. The researchers tested textile properties such as “yarn” tensile strength and elongation, fabric thickness, thermal resistance, air permeability, and stiffness. Using fabrics developed from end-of-use cotton waste, the researchers designed and developed high-value products such as bags, decorative textile, a hat, cell phone and glasses cases, and garments to contribute to the sustainability and circularity of cotton.
2
Bonifazi, Giuseppe, Riccardo Gasbarrone, Roberta Palmieri, and Silvia Serranti. "End-of-Life Textile Recognition in a Circular Economy Perspective: A Methodological Approach Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 10249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610249.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The life cycle of textiles (i.e., fabrics and apparel products) generates many environmental impacts, such as resource consumption, water, soil, and air pollution through the dispersion of chemical substances and greenhouse gases. For these reasons, in 2019, textiles were identified as a “priority product category for the circular economy” by the European Commission that proposed a new circular economy action plan focusing on recycling. An in-depth characterization of textile fabrics could lead to an ad hoc recycling procedure, reducing resource consumption and chemicals utilization. In this work, NIR (1000–1650 nm) spectroscopy was applied to extract information regarding fabric composition, with reference to cotton, silk, viscose, and some of their blends, using two different devices: a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) platform and a portable spectroradiometer. The different fabrics were correctly classified based on their spectral features by both detection instruments. The proposed methodological approach can be applied for quality control in the textile recycling sector at industrial and/or laboratory scale thanks to the easiness of use and the speed of detection.
3
BEKIR, YITIK. "Quality assessment of fabrics obtained from waste." Industria Textila 73, no. 04 (August 31, 2022): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.04.202164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need for ready-made clothing and home textiles produced from natural and synthetic fibres is increasing day by day in order to meet the needs of the increasing world population. Recently, the concepts of sustainability and recycling have gained importance in the textile industry. The rapid change in today's trends has developed disposable habits. Due to the rapidly changing fashion trends, the product variety has increased and mass production has been preferred. Therefore, the priority for customers to choose the products was not the material used, but whether they fit the current fashion trend. Thus, the use and production of natural fibres should be increased to reduce environmental pollution and meet production demand. Thanks to recycling, it is possible to reuse the waste textile materials that we leave to nature. Due to the increase in agricultural production costs, it has become difficult to obtain the raw materials used for textiles. When a life cycle system is created for raw materials that evaluate them until it is produced in nature and then return to nature, production with textile waste recycling can be advantageous. Using natural waste fibres instead of natural virgin fibres to produce home textile products both reduces costs and makes production easier. In this study, recycled (waste) cotton was obtained by shredding white, 100% cotton woven duvet covers and sheets purchased from a private hospital. A 50%-50% waste-natural blend was created from the cotton obtained. 54 wire reference fabrics were woven using open-end yarns numbered Ne24 and Ne12 produced from this blend. The physical characteristics of the fabric were investigated. The results obtained were analysed statistically and the effect of the blend created on the fabric quality was comprehensively examined.
4
Singh, Sukhvir, and Jyoti Rani. "Traditonal Indian Textile Techniques Used to Upcycle and Recycle Textile Waste." Textile & Leather Review 4 (December 17, 2021): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2021.29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study focuses on reviewing different traditionally practiced Indian textiles techniques used to upcycle and recycle textile waste, including fabric waste, rejected garments, used garments and fabrics, finished and processed textile products and other kinds of hard textile waste. The findings reveal that many artisans, weavers, craftspeople, self-help groups, and fashion and textile designers from different Indian states are practicing many traditional textile techniques to recycle and up-cycle textile waste. Among these techniques, the famous techniques identified include Kantha of West Bengal, Sujani of Bihar, Kathputlis of Northern Indian states, Panja Dari of Haryana, Namda and Gabba of Kashmir, Kausti of Karnataka, Patchwork and Chindi Rugs. There exists a strong need to make people aware of the methods of recycling textiles that not just increase manufactured textile product life cycle but also contribute towards a sustainable future of the fashion and textile industry in a developing country like India. It has been observed that these techniques play a crucial role in converting textile waste into creative functional products, thus silently contributing to the sustainable future of the textile industry. The objective of this study is to summarize and publicize the methods of these traditionally practiced Indian textile techniques used to recycle and upcycle tonnes of textile waste produced every year. It was found that these traditionally practiced recycling and upcycling techniques of various Indian states are contributing silently to the sustainable future of the Indian textile industry. The recycling of old cloth not just increases the product life cycle but also provides employment to millions of people.
5
Liu, Zhengdong, Wenxia Li, and Zihan Wei. "Qualitative classification of waste textiles based on near infrared spectroscopy and the convolutional network." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (November 5, 2019): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519886032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recycling of waste textiles has become a growth point for the sustainable development of the textile and clothing industry. In addition, sorting is a key link in the follow-up recycling process. Since different fabrics are required to be processed by different technologies, manual sorting not only takes time and effort but also cannot achieve accurate and reliable classification. Based on the analysis of near infrared spectroscopy, the theory and methods of deep learning are used for the qualitative classification of waste textiles in order to complete the automatic fabric composition recognition in the sorting process. Firstly, a standard sample set is established by waveform clipping and normalization, and a Textile Recycling Net deep web suitable for near infrared spectroscopy is established. Then, a pixilated layer is used to facilitate the deep learning of features, and the multidimensional features of the spectrum are extracted by using the multi-layer convolutional and pooling layers. Finally, the softmax classifier is adopted to complete the qualitative classification. Experimental results show that the convolutional network classification method using normalized and pixelated near infrared spectroscopy can realize the automatic classification of several common textiles, such as cotton and polyester, and effectively improve the detection level and speed of fabric components.
6
MİHRİBAN, KALKANCI. "Investigation of surface defects and apparel manufacturing efficiency of fabrics woven from recycled cotton and blends." Industria Textila 71, no. 03 (June 28, 2020): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.03.1639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For a sustainable life, new strategies have come to the forefront relating to design, production and recycling processes in textiles and apparel manufacturing industries. In this study, woven fabrics consisting of weft threads from recycled cotton fiber, original cotton fiber and original polyester fiber (35%/65% polyester/recycled cotton, 35%/65% polyester/original cotton) were made to order in a textile firm and have been investgated in terms of surface defects and apparel manufacturing efficiency. The types and numbers of defects obtained during inspection were recorded and evaluated by using Pareto analysis. The percentage of surface/fabric defective products in all defects is 78.57% for 35%/65% polyester-recycled cotton fabrics and 69.09% for that in 35%/65% polyester-original cotton fabrics. The percentage of second quality products at the end of apparel manufacturing is 4.9% for recycled cotton fabric products and 2.75% for original cotton fabrics.
7
Cura, Kirsti, Niko Rintala, Taina Kamppuri, Eetta Saarimäki, and Pirjo Heikkilä. "Textile Recognition and Sorting for Recycling at an Automated Line Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy." Recycling 6, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to add value to recycled textile material and to guarantee that the input material for recycling processes is of adequate quality, it is essential to be able to accurately recognise and sort items according to their material content. Therefore, there is a need for an economically viable and effective way to recognise and sort textile materials. Automated recognition and sorting lines provide a method for ensuring better quality of the fractions being recycled and thus enhance the availability of such fractions for recycling. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of NIR spectroscopy technology in the recognition of textile materials by studying the effects of structural fabric properties on the recognition. The identified properties of fabrics that led non-matching recognition were coating and finishing that lead different recognition of the material depending on the side facing the NIR analyser. In addition, very thin fabrics allowed NIRS to penetrate through the fabric and resulted in the non-matching recognition. Additionally, ageing was found to cause such chemical changes, especially in the spectra of cotton, that hampered the recognition.
8
Frost, H., M. C. Zambrano, K. Leonas, J. J. Pawlak, and R. A. Venditti. "Do Recycled Cotton or Polyester Fibers Influence the Shedding Propensity of Fabrics During Laundering?" AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.s1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fabric shedding during laundering is detrimental to the longevity of clothing textiles, and in the case of non-biodegradable, synthetic fabrics, it is a source of diffuse microplastic fiber pollution. Textile recycling offers numerous economic and environmental benefits; however differences in fabric shedding due to their recycled fiber contents are relatively unknown. Accelerated laundering experiments were conducted to quantify the shedding propensity and characteristics of cotton knit, polyester knit, and twill weave fabrics, each at three differing recycled fiber contents. The 70% recycled polyester shed significantly fewer microfibers than the 40% recycled polyester. No other significant influences of recycled fiber content on shedding propensity were identified. The mean length of shed fibers from the 70% recycled polyester was significantly higher than that of the virgin polyester and the 40% recycled polyester.
9
Juanga-Labayen, Jeanger P., Ildefonso V. Labayen, and Qiuyan Yuan. "A Review on Textile Recycling Practices and Challenges." Textiles 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The expansion of clothing and textile industry and the fast fashion trend among consumers have caused a rapid global increase in textile waste in the municipal solid waste (MSW) stream. Worldwide, 75% of textile waste is landfilled, while 25% is recycled or reused. Landfilling of textile waste is a prevalent option that is deemed unsustainable. Promoting an enhanced diversion of textile waste from landfills demands optimized reuse and recycling technologies. Reuse is the more preferred option compared with recycling. Various textile reuse and recycling technologies are available and progressively innovated to favor blended fabrics. This paper aims to establish reuse and recycling technologies (anaerobic digestion, fermentation, composting, fiber regeneration, and thermal recovery) to manage textile waste. Improved collection systems, automation of sorting, and discovering new technologies for textile recycling remains a challenge. Applying extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy and a circular economy system implies a holistic consensus among major stakeholders.
10
Awgichew, Dessalegn, Santhanam Sakthivel, Mekdes Gedlu, and Meseret Bogale. "A Comparative Study on Physical and Comfort Properties of Yarns and Hand-woven Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers." Journal of Modern Materials 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/jmm.8.1.52-66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Products produced from textile industries cannot meet the needs for human kind since the population of the world grows exponentially; due to this the recycling of textile materials has gained massive importance in textile and clothing sector. In this study, it was aimed to analyse recycled fibers effect on the yarn and hand loom fabrics as their proportion increases. For this purpose, OE rotor yarns produced by varying the recycled fibers proportion at 25%, 50, and 75% and compared with 100% virgin cotton yarns. The physical and mechanical properties of the yarns such as unevenness, imperfections, hairiness, breaking force, elongation, were measured by Uster Tester 4 SX, Uster Zweigle Hairiness Tester 5, and Uster Tensorapid 3. Then after hand loom fabrics with plain and twill fabrics are produced from produced yarns of different recycled fiber proportions. The effects of recycled fiber proportion on produced hand-woven fabric properties such as pilling, abrasion resistance and air permeability were also evaluated. Results showed that yarns and fabrics produced from recycled fibers blended with virgin cotton are suitable for applications where the strength of yarns and fabric are less critical, but where unevenness, imperfections and handle properties required thus, hand loom fabrics Produced can suitably used for home furnishing applications like table cover, curtains, wall covers and pillow cases.
11
Zhou, Chengfeng, Guangting Han, Brian K. Via, Yang Song, Shouwu Gao, and Wei Jiang. "Rapid identification of fibers from different waste fabrics using the near-infrared spectroscopy technique." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 17 (December 10, 2018): 3610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518817043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fiber identification is the primary task of waste textile recycling, which plays an important guiding role in the recovery and reuse of waste textiles. In this study, 186 pure spinning textiles with different fiber species were chosen as the raw materials, the near-infrared spectra were collected and the differences among various fibers species were also studied. The fast and accurate classification/identification model of textile fiber was established using the near-infrared spectral modeling technique. The soft independent modeling of class analogy method was used to construct the model. The results show that the model recognition rate can be up to 97% after selecting the wavenumber range of 6800–5300 cm–1 with the first derivative treatment on the spectra. It was found by external validation that the prediction accuracy of the model was 100% for polyester, polyamide, acrylic, silk and wool. The prediction accuracy of cotton fiber and polyester fabric was higher than 90%. The above result demonstrated that the textile fiber identification model established in this study can be used for fast and accurate identification and sorting of waste textiles.
12
Wang, Luxuan, Shuting Huang, and Yixiang Wang. "Recycling of Waste Cotton Textile Containing Elastane Fibers through Dissolution and Regeneration." Membranes 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040355.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing utilization of textiles has raised concern regarding the environmental impact brought by the textile manufacturing process and disposal of waste textiles. In our previous work, the dissolution of cotton waste through different solvent systems was demonstrated. Herein, this study aimed to further investigate the recycling of waste cotton–elastane fabrics using H2SO4, NaOH/urea, and LiCl/DMAc solvent systems. The structure of regenerated films was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the properties of the regenerated films, including transparency, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability, were investigated. The results revealed that all solvent systems could convert the waste cotton–elastane fabrics into regenerated films with the existence of different forms of elastane components. The elastane fibers were partially hydrolyzed in H2SO4 solvent and reduced the transparency of regenerated films, but they were well retained in NaOH/urea solvent and interrupted the structure of regenerated cellulose films. It is worth noting that the elastane fibers were completely dissolved in LiCl/DMAc solvent and formed a composite structure with cellulose, leading to obviously improved tensile strength (from 51.00 to 121.63 MPa) and water barrier property (from 3.50 × 10−7 to 1.03 × 10−7 g m−1 h−1 Pa−1). Therefore, this work demonstrates the possibility to directly recycle waste cotton–elastane fabrics through dissolution and regeneration, and the resultant films have potential applications as packaging materials.
13
Piga, Daniele. "Fabrics for the circular economy." EU Research - The necessity of science in uncertain times Summer 2022, no. 31 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56181/kobr6498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is difficult to remove the chemicals and finishing substances commonly used to enhance sun protection in awnings and outdoor furnishings, which represents a major hurdle in terms of recycling acrylic waste from these products. Researchers in the REACT project are developing a chemical treatment process to enable the re-use of acrylic textile waste, as Daniele Piga explains.
14
Hu, Shang, and Chiu. "Removal of Reactive Dyes in Textile Effluents by Catalytic Ozonation Pursuing on-Site Effluent Recycling." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textile wash-off process consumes substantial amounts of water, which generates large volumes of wastewater that pose potential pollution issues for the environment. In the present study, catalytic ozonation was applied to degrade residual dyes present in rinsing effluents from wash-off processes towards the aim of recycling the waste effluents. A magnetic catalyst was prepared for promoting dye degradation by catalytic ozonation. Via a hydrothermal reaction, highly magnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) particles were successfully loaded on carbon aerogel (CA) materials (MnFe2O4@CA). The results showed that the developed catalyst strikingly promoted the degradation of dye contaminants by catalytic ozonation, in terms of color removal and reduction of chemical oxidation demand (COD) in rinsing effluents. COD removal efficiency in catalytic ozonation was enhanced by 25% when compared with that achieved by ozonation alone under the same treatment conditions. Moreover, we confirmed that after catalytic ozonation, the rinsing effluents could be recycled to replace fresh water without any evident compromise in the color quality of fabrics. The color difference (ΔEcmc(2:1)) between fabrics treated with recycled effluents and water was not more than 1.0, suggesting that the fabrics treated with recycled effluents displayed acceptable color reproducibility. Although colorfastness and color evenness of fabrics treated with recycled effluents were slightly poorer than those of fabrics treated with water, they were still within the acceptable tolerance. Therefore, the present study validated that catalytic ozonation was a promising technology for saving water and wastewater elimination in textile dyeing. It provides a feasibility assessment of catalytic ozonation for recycling waste effluents to reduce water dependence in textile production. Furthermore, we show a new perspective in on-site recycling waste effluents by catalytic ozonation and enrich the knowledge on feasible approaches for water management in textile production.
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Anurati Chaudhuri, Lina Chakraborty and Sankar Roy Maulik. "Recycling– an Approach towards Sustainability." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recycling and up-cycling are two popular buzz-words in today’s society and is a large component of the environmental movement to reduce ecological damage. Recycling refers to those products that are used till they are considered waste and then used again to make similar or different kinds of products. Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing of used fabrics, fibrous materials, natural renewable resources and clothing scraps. Recycled textiles are generally used in low quality end use thereby downgrading the standards of ultimate products. In India, clothing plays an important role in deciding one’s status since historic period. In today’s world, people wear branded clothes to show their fashion sense and financial position in the society. Fashion is considered to be one of the fastest brand industries on the planet and approximately 80 billion new pieces of clothing are being sold every year throughout the world, which is around 400% more than the production of 40 years ago. Fashion employ more than 300 million people worldwide and clothing production has doubled during the last fifteen year. In order to produce 1 kg of fabric 23 kg of green house gases are emitted. Textile industry generates more CO2 and half of the cloth present in the wardrobe may never been worn in a year. Fashion is now considered as the second most polluting industry and increasing middle classes in developing world for making their own fashion statement, the situation is getting worse. A huge amount of water, manpower, electricity is needed to produce raw materials and that same amount or more is used to produce the final products. As estimated, the total clothing sales will reach 175 million tons by 2050, which will turn the planet into biggest fashion victim. Thus this industry is facing challenges on sustainability. In this context, the aim of this paper is to show upcycling of textiles in the era of fast fashion. Most of the people is not familiar to the term up-cycling and have the misconception that up-cycled materials are made from second hand products and are not as good as branded clothes. This may be true to a certain extent but to preserve our mother earth it is very essential to think in this approach of recycling and/or up-cycling in the coming years. The objective is to create innovative designs from the activity of recycling. The products are made from used clothes, whereas dyeing and printing of apparels is done by using the waste materials of nature. Bark and dry flowers of trees is used for dyeing; whereas dry leaves are used for Botanical prints on old fabrics. Old sarees are used for making new apparel. The use of recycle materials will reduce the pressure on virgin resources; develop value added creative textiles, provide job opportunities among the surrounding communities, reduce the ecological damage and make people aware of using recycled textiles.
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Kucukali-Ozturk, Merve, Ipek Yalcin-Enis, and Hande Sezgin. "Development of 100% Recycled Thermoplastic Composites for Sound Insulated Acoustic Panels." Materials Science Forum 1053 (February 17, 2022): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-q9e23m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, environmental problems are increasing rapidly and the focus is shifting to seeking long-term and sustainable solutions. At this point, the economical use of raw material resources is important and this makes recycling a necessity, not a diversity. In this context, environmentally friendly acoustic panels are designed with composites produced by recycling 100% textile and packaging wastes for the noise problem in buildings. Denim fabrics from textile wastes and low-density polyethylene bottle caps from packaging wastes are used. Denim fabrics that are shredded into cotton fibers are blended with ground waste polyethylene granules and porous structures are obtained with the hot press technique. The panels, whose physical and acoustic properties have been tested, are aimed to create an environmentally friendly alternative to existing products.
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Albini, Giulia, Valentina Brunella, Bartolomeo Placenza, Brunetto Martorana, and Vito Guido Lambertini. "Comparative study of mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibres for automobile seat cover application." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 6 (December 18, 2018): 992–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717750887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polyethylene terephthalate is a thermoplastic polymer with a wide range of uses, including synthetic fibres and containers for beverages and other liquids. Recycling plastics reduces the amount of energy and natural resources needed to create virgin plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate containers and bottles are collected and then broken down into small flakes used to produce new products such as textile fibres. Thermo-mechanical degradation may happen during the recycling process and presence of contaminants affects the final product characteristics. Two kinds of recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibres were used for fabrics production: post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fibres and a blend of post-consumer and post-industrial polyethylene terephthalate fibres. Focusing on knitted and flat-woven textile structures, main mechanical properties of the fabrics were assessed by various tests, like tensile strength test and wear resistance test. A comparative study with the current production of virgin polyethylene terephthalate fabrics was useful to evaluate high standards accordance for automotive field. Both knitted and flat-woven recycled polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had excellent performance after mechanical tests. Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had the best results, especially after wear resistance test. These results allow an evaluation of their applications.
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Määttänen, Marjo, Sari Asikainen, Taina Kamppuri, Elina Ilen, Kirsi Niinimäki, Marjaana Tanttu, and Ali Harlin. "Colour management in circular economy: decolourization of cotton waste." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-10-2018-0058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose While aiming to create methods for fibre recycling, the question of colours in waste textiles is also in focus; whether the colour should be kept or should be removed while recycling textile fibre. More knowledge is needed for colour management in a circular economy approach. Design/methodology/approach The research included the use of different dye types in a cotton dyeing process, the process for decolourizing and the results. Two reactive dyes, two direct dyes and one vat dye were used in the study. Four chemical treatment sequences were used to evaluate colour removal from the dyed cotton fabrics, namely, HCE-A, HCE-P-A, HCE-Z-P-A and HCE-Y-A. Findings The objective was to evaluate how different chemical refining sequences remove colour from direct, reactive and vat dyed cotton fabrics, and how they influence the specific cellulose properties. Dyeing methods and the used refining sequences influence the degree of colour removal. The highest achieved final brightness of refined cotton materials were between 71 and 91 per cent ISO brightness, depending on the dyeing method used. Research limitations/implications Only cotton fibre and three different colour types were tested. Practical implications With cotton waste, it appears to be easier to remove the colour than to retain it, especially if the textile contains polyester residues, which are desired to be removed in the textile refining stage. Originality/value Colour management in the CE context is an important new track to study in the context of the increasing amount of textile waste used as a raw material.
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Wedin, Helena, Marta Lopes, Herbert Sixta, and Michael Hummel. "Evaluation of post-consumer cellulosic textile waste for chemical recycling based on cellulose degree of polymerization and molar mass distribution." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (May 13, 2019): 5067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519848159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of which end-of-life cellulosic textiles can be used for chemical recycling according to their composition, wear life and laundering—domestic versus service sector. For that purpose, end-of-life textiles were generated through laboratorial laundering of virgin fabrics under domestic and industrial conditions, and the cellulose content and its intrinsic viscosity and molar mass distribution were measured in all samples after two, 10, 20, and 50 laundering cycles. Results presented herein also address the knowledge gap concerning polymer properties of end-of-life man-made cellulosic fabrics—viscose and Lyocell. The results show that post-consumer textiles from the home consumer sector, using domestic laundering, can be assumed to have a similar, or only slightly lower, degree of polymerization than the virgin textiles (−15%). Post-consumer textiles from the service sector, using industrial laundering, can be assumed to have a substantially lower degree of polymerization. An approximate decrease of up to 80% of the original degree of polymerization can be expected when they are worn out. A higher relative decrease for cotton than man-made cellulosic textiles is expected. Furthermore, in these laboratorial laundering trials, no evidence evolved that the cellulose content in blended polyester fabrics would be significantly affected by domestic or industrial laundering. With respect to molar mass distribution, domestic post-consumer cotton waste seems to be the most suitable feedstock for chemical textile recycling using Lyocell-type processes, although a pre-treatment step might be required to remove contaminants and lower the intrinsic viscosity to 400–500 ml/g.
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Bilińska, Lucyna, Kazimierz Blus, Marta Gmurek, Renata Żyłła, and Stanisław Ledakowicz. "Brine Recycling from Industrial Textile Wastewater Treated by Ozone. By-Products Accumulation. Part 2: Scaling-Up." Water 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extremely high volumes of salty wastewater are produced by textile manufacturers daily. Therefore, brine recycling from the wastewater should be regarded as a crucial issue within the textile industry. Ozonation was used in this two-part study as a purification method for industrial textile wastewater polluted by low-molecular-weight salts (LMWS). Part 1 revealed the accumulation of ozonation by-products in a multi-recycling system. The objective of Part 2 was the scaling-up of the process and the investigation of the occurrence of by-products. It was found that ozonation works well in an alkaline reaction medium, which was characteristic of the wastewater from a dye house; an almost complete color removal was achieved within 30 min of treatment. The brine that was produced from the wastewater treated by ozonation in a 20 L bubble column reactor was recycled successfully. Dyeing of cotton with five types of reactive dyes in various shades resulted in very good values of DECMC, which is the normative color matching parameter, and were between 0.15 and 1.2. The color fastness obtained for upcycled fabrics were satisfactory, and not worse than standard values. Although accumulation of the side products was detected in Part 1, the fabric discharges produced in the scaled-up process were free from carcinogenic amines and heavy metals. The study indicated that ozonation can be applied in the industry as a method for textile wastewater recycling.
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Yuksekkaya, Mehmet Emin, Gizem Celep, Gamze Dogan, Mevlut Tercan, and Basak Urhan. "A Comparative Study of Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 2 (June 2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Products that are produced by various industries such as agriculture, food, mining, chemistry, and textile cannot meet the needs of humankind since the world's population continues to grow exponentially. Furthermore, the reduction in natural resources forced researchers to produce new synthetic products by utilization of technology and led them to study recycling of existing natural resources. This study compares some properties of yarns and fabrics produced by virgin and recycled polyester and cotton fibers. Virgin cotton, recycled cotton, virgin polyester, recycled polyester fibers, and blends of these fibers were used to manufacture open end rotor yarns. Single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Physical properties of yarns and fabrics such as tensile strength, unevenness, yarn imperfections, burst strength, pilling and coefficient of kinetic friction were measured and statistically compared. Although generally the properties of yarns and fabrics produced from virgin fibers were better than that of produced from recycled fibers, producing textile products with optimum quality is stressed in this study.
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Storck, Böttjer, Vahle, Brockhagen, Grothe, Dietz, Rattenholl, Gudermann, and Ehrmann. "Seed Germination and Seedling Growth on Knitted Fabrics as New Substrates for Hydroponic Systems." Horticulturae 5, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vertical farming is one of the suggested avenues for producing food for the growing world population. Concentrating the cultivation of crops such as herbs in large indoor farms makes food production susceptible to technical, biological or other problems that might destroy large amounts of food at once. Thus, there is a trend towards locally, self-sufficient food production in vertical systems on a small scale. Our study examined whether conventional knitted fabrics, such as patches of worn jackets, can be used for hydroponics instead of the specialized nonwoven materials used in large-scale indoor systems. To this end, seed germination and seedling growth of 14 different crop plant species on knitted fabrics with three different stitch sizes were compared. Our results showed that hydroponic culture on knitted fabrics are indeed possible and allow for growing a broad spectrum of plant species, suggesting recycling of old textile fabrics for this purpose. Among the 14 plant species studied, differences in germination success, average fresh and dry masses, as well as water contents were found, but these parameters were not affected by knitted fabric stitch size.
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Lindström, Katarina, Therese Sjöblom, Anders Persson, and Nawar Kadi. "Improving Mechanical Textile Recycling by Lubricant Pre-Treatment to Mitigate Length Loss of Fibers." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 8706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although there has been some research on how to use short fibers from mechanically recycled textiles, little is known about how to preserve the length of recycled fibers, and thus maintain their properties. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a pre-treatment with lubricant could mitigate fiber length reduction from tearing. This could facilitate the spinning of a 100% recycled yarn. Additionally, this study set out to develop a new test method to assess the effect of lubricant loading. Inter-fiber cohesion was measured in a tensile tester on carded fiber webs. We used polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 aqueous solution as a lubricant to treat fibers and woven fabrics of cotton, polyester (PES), and cotton/polyester. Measurements of fiber length and percentage of unopened material showed the harshness and efficiency of the tearing process. Treatment with PEG 4000 decreased inter-fiber cohesion, reduced fiber length loss, and facilitated a more efficient tearing process, especially for PES. The study showed that treating fabric with PEG enabled rotor spinning of 100% recycled fibers. The inter-fiber cohesion test method suggested appropriate lubricant loadings, which were shown to mitigate tearing harshness and facilitate fabric disintegration in recycling.
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Wang, Siyan, and Sonja Salmon. "Progress toward Circularity of Polyester and Cotton Textiles." Sustainable Chemistry 3, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 376–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem3030024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Millions of tons of textile waste are landfilled or incinerated in the world every year due to insufficient recycle value streams and the complex composition of textile end products. The goal of this review is to highlight pathways for simplifying and separating textile wastes into valuable raw material streams that will promote their recovery and conversion to useful products. The discussion focuses on advances in sorting, separation, decolorization and conversion of polyester and cotton, the two most common textile fibers. Sorting processes are gaining automation using spectroscopic methods that detect chemical composition differences between materials to divide them into categories. Separation, through dissolving or degrading, makes it possible to deconstruct blended textiles and purify polymers, monomers and co-products. Waste cotton can produce high quality regenerated cellulose fibers, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or biofuels. Waste polyester can produce colored yarns or can be chemically converted to its starting monomers for the recreation of virgin polymer as a complete closed loop. The current strategies for decolorization are presented. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies found that recycling polyester/cotton blended fabrics for subsequent uses is more sustainable than incineration, and research on producing biomass-based poly-ester also offers feasible avenues for improving textile sustainability and promoting circular processing.
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Zlatev, Zlatin, and Julieta Ilieva. "Automated recognition and sorting of recycled textiles for sustainable fashion." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2021.2.p151-161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of the principles of sustainable fashion is one of the solutions to reduce the amount of waste from textile production and the use of such fabrics. Spectrophotometric methods have effective application in this subject area. In the present work, an analysis of known methods and approaches applied so far using the techniques of spectral analysis. The proposed methods and procedures lead to improvement and facilitation of the process of classification of textile fibers in sorting and recycling of textile fabrics, in order to implement in automated systems. The proposed analysis tools do not require high cost equipment and complex calculation procedures. They can be implemented in portable devices and microprocessor-based recognition systems. It has been found that two principal components and two latent variables are sufficient to describe the variance in the data. This significantly reduces the amount of data used to analyze textile fibers by their spectral characteristics. It has been shown that the accuracy of textile fiber classification does not depend on the type of separation function of the classifier used. This accuracy depends on the spectral characteristics used, the method for reducing the volume of data, and the type of classifier. The obtained results can be used in the development of recognition systems for sorting textile fabrics depending on the composition of their fibers. In this way, the principles of sustainable fashion will be effectively applied. Also, the proposed methods and tools can be used in the training of future specialists in the subject area.
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Haggag, K., N. S. Elshemy, and W. Niazy. "Recycling of Waste PET into Useful Alkyd Resin Synthesis by Microwave Irradiation and Applied in Textile Printing." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-01-2014-b010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modified alkyd resins with different amounts of vegetable oil contents (sunflower oil) and different catalysts are synthesized with the incorporation of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a partial substitute for phthalic anhydride. It is found that the properties of the products obtained are directly related to the oil content. The polymerization reactions are followed by the acid value. The modified binder contains 50% oil and 10% PET in the presence of LiOH as the catalyst by using microwave irradiation. The AV value is attained in a short amount of time; it is found that the glass Transition Temperature (Tg) of the modified binder is -1.7 °C. The stiffness and roughness of the printed fabrics by using the modified binder are better than those of the commercial binder for both cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics. Moreover, it is clear that the overall fastness properties of the fabrics printed by using the modified binder in the formulation of printing pastes are higher or comparable to those that use commercial binders.
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Möhl, Claudia, Timo Weimer, Metin Caliskan, Stephan Baz, Hans-Jürgen Bauder, and Götz T. Gresser. "Development of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Semi-Finished Products with Bio-Based Matrix for Eco-Friendly Composites." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040698.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing resource consumption and a growing amount of textile waste increase the importance of a circular economy and recycling in the fashion and apparel industry. Environmentally friendly bio-based composites made from cellulosic fibres obtained from textile waste, and polymers based on renewable raw materials present a possible solution. In this study, the development of textile semi-finished products based on medium-to-long cotton and flax fibres obtained from textile waste in combination with a bio-based thermoplastic matrix for lightweight applications is investigated. For the production of natural fibre-polylactide hybrid yarns, fibre slivers with improved fibre orientation and blending are produced. Subsequently, quasi-unidirectional woven fabrics are produced and consolidated into bio-based composites. Textile and mechanical properties of hybrid yarns as well as bio-composites are analysed with regard to the influence of fibre length, fibre distribution in the yarn, yarn structure and fibre volume content. The results show that the production of bio-based semi-finished products can be a potential way for upcycling textile waste.
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Ullrich, Julia, Martin Eisenreich, Yvonne Zimmermann, Dominik Mayer, Nina Koehne, Jacqueline F. Tschannett, Amalid Mahmud-Ali, and Thomas Bechtold. "Piezo-Sensitive Fabrics from Carbon Black Containing Conductive Cellulose Fibres for Flexible Pressure Sensors." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design of flexible sensors which can be incorporated in textile structures is of decisive importance for the future development of wearables. In addition to their technical functionality, the materials chosen to construct the sensor should be nontoxic, affordable, and compatible with future recycling. Conductive fibres were produced by incorporation of carbon black into regenerated cellulose fibres. By incorporation of 23 wt.% and 27 wt.% carbon black, the surface resistance of the fibres reduced from 1.3 × 1010 Ω·cm for standard viscose fibres to 2.7 × 103 and 475 Ω·cm, respectively. Fibre tenacity reduced to 30–50% of a standard viscose; however, it was sufficient to allow processing of the material in standard textile operations. A fibre blend of the conductive viscose fibres with polyester fibres was used to produce a needle-punched nonwoven material with piezo-electric properties, which was used as a pressure sensor in the very low pressure range of 400–1000 Pa. The durability of the sensor was demonstrated in repetitive load/relaxation cycles. As a regenerated cellulose fibre, the carbon-black-incorporated cellulose fibre is compatible with standard textile processing operations and, thus, will be of high interest as a functional element in future wearables.
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Lin, Jia-Horng, Chin-Mei Lin, Chen-Hung Huang, An-Pang Chen, Chuan-Pin Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Physical Properties of Electrically Conductive Complex-Ply Yarns and Woven Fabrics Made from Recycled Polypropylene." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recycled industrial feedstocks can improve a textile firm's balance sheet while reducing and recycling garbage. In this study, recycled polypropylene nonwoven selvage/metal (PPNS/M) complex-ply yarns served as the weft yarns of complex woven fabrics. The core yarn of each complex-ply yarn was recycled PPNS with an area mass of 30 g/m2. Stainless steel wires wrapped each core yarn. Three combinations of materials were tested; type A used core yarns with no metals; type B used core yarns with stainless steel reinforcement wires; type C used core yarns with both stainless steel and copper reinforcement wires. For the manufacturing process, the speed of the rotor twister was 8000 rpm and the wrap counts of the recycled PPNS/M complex-ply yarns were 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 turns/cm. We fabricated the PPNS/M complex-ply yarns into PPNS/M complex woven fabrics. We performed maximum breaking strength and elongation testing: the complex-ply yarns wrapped at 2.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires had a maximum breaking strength of 47.8 N and an elongation of 47.9%. Moreover, fabrics woven from those same yarns had a tensile strength of 637. 9 N and a tensile strain of 40.8%. Fabrics woven from yarns with a wrap count of 4.5 turns/cm and reinforced with stainless steel wires and copper wires showed an optimum air permeability of 80 cm3/cm2/s. The lowest surface resistivity found with the fabric specimen woven with type C yarns, which was 28.2 Ω/sq.
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Prabowo, Rony. "INTEGRATION OF LEAN AND GREEN MANUFACTURING TO SUSTAINABILITY IMPROVING AT PT. TEXTILE JAYA GEMILANG." Tibuana 2, no. 02 (July 31, 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/tibuana.2.02.1923.14-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Textile Jaya Gemilang is a textile company that has a cotton fabric finishing unit. In the identification carried out the company still produces waste and has not yet carried out an environmentally friendly process. Therefore efforts are needed to identify waste in the process of finishing woven fabrics to make the process environmentally friendly by considering the level of eco efficiency and eco costs to determine the proposed process that is environmentally friendly. This research includes steps such as analyzing value stream mapping to find out activities that have value added and categorized as NVA. Furthermore, measurements of environmental impacts were carried out with LCA (Life Cycle Analyzing) and then gave a proposal to provide a proposed process with the 6R approach (reuse, reduce, recycle, remanufacturing, recovery and redesign) in the process of finishing cotton cloth obtained by waste, namely in appropriate processing, defect and waiting time . The results of the Life Cycle Assessment showed results for a process of 248.76 pt, for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Damage Category Human Health of 4.8813 DAILY, Damage Category Ecosystem Quality of 310,000 PDF * m2yr and for Damage Category Resources 1615,646 MJ surplus . Eco cost is Rp. 608,425,018.2. Proposed environmentally friendly process by raising the level of green manufacturing to recycling and reuse.
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CHITICHOTPANYA, Pisutsaran, Nattaya VUTHIGANOND, Thitirat INPRASIT, Benjamas KLAYKRUAYAT, and Seranee SRISUK. "Extraction of lutein dye from Tagetes erecta garland waste for green dyeing of hemp fabric using response surface methodology." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i4.1527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large quantities of discarded flowers from religious observances are left at temples and other places of worship, causing global disposal and environmental issues. Recycling and transforming such organic waste into value-added products is one of the most effective and beneficial solutions to the problem. The main goal of this study is to convert the most abundant temple wastes of marigold (Tagetes erecta) flowers into an eco-friendly dyestuff for the textile industry. Our study assessed the suitability of dye extract from garland waste for dyeing hemp fabric and valuated indicators including color strength (K/S) and fastness properties using tannic acid as a bio-mordant. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of the dyeing process and evaluation of the interaction effects of various operating parameters. The optimal conditions were determined to be pH of 4.23, dyeing temperature of 99.98°C, and dyeing time of 82.64 min. To validate the optimal conditions identified by RSM, performance evaluations were conducted, including color fastness properties of the dyed hemp fabrics as well as the total color difference after repeated standard washing. These results demonstrate the use of aqueous extract from temple garland waste combined with bio-mordant represents a promising approach for textile dyeing.
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Huether, Jonas, Robert Maertens, Oleg Saburow, Elisa Seiler, Theresa Aicher, and Kay André Weidenmann. "A Holistic Approach to Use Multi-Scale Fractions of Dry Carbon Fibre Production Waste in Filled Bulk Moulding Compounds (BMC)." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing demand for composites leads to a growing amount of end-of-life materialand production waste. The latter consists of a large fraction of unimpregnated fibre waste which is notsufficiently reprocessed using conventional textile processing procedures as they are either too expensiveor their mechanical performance is too low. Using pieces of dry non-crimp fabrics (patches) ina Bulk Moulding Compound process (BMC) displays a straightforward approach of fabric recycling.Adding fillers to the mixture not only offers the opportunity to modify mechanical and electrical propertiesas well as the costs but also a chance for a more holistic approach of dry fibre recycling, whenconventional fillers like chalk are replaced by ground recycled carbon fibres. In this way, all kindof dry fibre wastes can be reused in one process: Larger offcuts are chopped to smaller rectangularpatches whereas waste fractions of small offcuts are processed to carbon fibre powder as filler andprocessed together with resin to produce BMC materials. Mechanical investigations reveal that thepresented approach shows higher specific properties than the conventional filler without compromisingthe process and material quality.
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de Oliveira Neto, Geraldo Cardoso, Micheline Maia Teixeira, Gabriel Luis Victorino Souza, Valquiria Demarchi Arns, Henrricco Nieves Pujol Tucci, and Marlene Amorim. "Assessment of the Eco-Efficiency of the Circular Economy in the Recovery of Cellulose from the Shredding of Textile Waste." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a growing demand for the adoption of cyclical processes in the fashion industry. The trends point to the reuse of cellulose from cotton fibres, obtained from industrial waste, as a substitute to the former linear processes of manufacturing, sale, use, and discarding. This study sets up to explore and assess the economic and environmental gains from the mechanical shredding of cellulose in cotton fabrics in a textile company, identifying the circularity associated with the adoption of such methods. The study resorted to a case study methodology building on interviews and observation. For the environmental estimations, the study employed the material intensity factor tool, and for the economic evaluation the study uses the return on investment. The study also offers an estimation of the circularity of the processes that were implemented. The adoption of the mechanical shredding for cotton cellulose generated economic gains of US$11,798,662.98 and a reduction in the environmental impact that amounts to 31,335,767,040.26 kg including the following different compartments: biotic, abiotic, water, air, and erosion. The findings suggest the existence of opportunities for the circular economy in the textile sector of about 99.69%, dissociated to the use of mechanical recycling, while limited by the consumption of electrical energy and lubricants in the recycling process, leading the way to a circular economy.
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Aronsson, Julia, and Anders Persson. "Tearing of post-consumer cotton T-shirts and jeans of varying degree of wear." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020901322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The demand for textile fibres is growing quickly. However, global cotton production has stabilized around 25 Mton/year. This is a sound development since cotton cultivation causes major sustainable development issues. Even if regenerated cellulose fibre production steadily grows, it is still only from a sixth to a fifth of cotton volumes. Hence, it is essential to find resource-efficient routes to generate alternatives to virgin cotton. There are many promising research initiatives that discover the possibility to utilize waste streams of neat cotton and cotton in fibre blends as raw materials for dissolving pulp for regeneration into, for example, viscose or Lyocell. However, there is a much simpler and energy-efficient route at hand. If fabrics are disintegrated mechanically, the separated fibres can be turned into yarn again. However, since fibre length is a key parameter to accomplish strong and durable textiles, fibre length loss upon tearing should be minimized. This study evaluates how fibre length distribution alters upon tearing of post-consumer cotton waste of two different constructions: denim and single jersey; and different degrees of wear, rendering four different fractions: (1) barely worn denim, (2) rather worn denim, (3) barely worn single-jersey and (4) rather worn single-jersey. Before tearing, the garments were dissembled, their yarns were characterized, fibre length distributions were manually determined for (1)–(4). Length analysis of the recovered fibres after tearing revealed that the length drop was most severe for (a) the finer single-jersey and (b) the barely worn fractions. The findings suggest that significant wear does not exclude from mechanical recycling.
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Sabuncu, Metin, and Hakan Ozdemir. "Classification of Material Type from Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Deep Learning." International Journal of Optics 2021 (October 20, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2520679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Classification of material type is crucial in the recycling industry since good quality recycling depends on the successful sorting of various materials. In textiles, the most commonly used fiber material types are wool, cotton, and polyester. When recycling fabrics, it is critical to identify and sort various fiber types quickly and correctly. The standard method of determining fabric fiber material type is the burn test followed by a microscopic examination. This traditional method is destructive, tedious, and slow since it involves cutting, burning, and examining the yarn of the fabric. We demonstrate that the identification procedure can be done nondestructively using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and deep learning. The OCT image scans of fabrics that are composed of different fiber material types such as wool, cotton, and polyester are used to train a deep neural network. We present the results of the created deep learning models’ capability to classify fabric fiber material types. We conclude that fiber material types can be identified nondestructively with high precision and recall by OCT imaging and deep learning. Because classification of material type can be performed by OCT and deep learning, this novel technique can be employed in recycling plants in sorting wool, cotton, and polyester fabrics automatically.
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Darijani, Mojdeh, and Ashraf Kariminik. "Screening of cellulase producing bacteria from tomato waste materials for lycopene extraction." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2015): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellulase is one of the industrially important enzymes that has the ability to degrade cellulose. This enzyme is produced by a variety of microorganisms. It has numerous commercial applications like malting, wood processing, and preparation of denim fabrics in textile industries, maceration of protoplasts from plant tissues and de-inking process in recycling of printed papers. The aim of the present study was the isolation, identification and screening of extracellular cellulase producing bacteria with high cellulase activity from tomato waste materials and their identification by phenotypic, biochemical and molecular tests. Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated after serial dilution preparation from tomato waste matraials and surface culturing on CMC agar medium. 40 bacteria were isolated. Bacteria were further identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. All of the isolates were Gram positive endospore forming rods, thus they were identified as Bacillus sp. The obtained isolates were screened for cellulase production and lycopene extraction in submerged fermentation process. The best isolate was Bacillus axarquiensis strain CHMS1B6 based on molecular analysis. The bacteria was subjected to different optimum conditions include pH, temperature and time of incubation. The highest cellulase activity was obtained in pH 7 and the optimum temperature at 30°C after 72 hours incubation period. Our findings indicate that the tomato waste materials are as attractive sources for the study of novel cellulolytic bacteria and effective enzymes for cellulose biodegradation and lycopene extraction.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12055 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 43-47
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Wang, Bai Hua, Yong Sheng Wang, Li Chun Huang, and Hong Juan Liu. "Effect of Metal Ion Content in Dyebath on the Color of Wool Dyes." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.673.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of metal ions in dyebath on the color of wool fabrics dyed with six kinds of common wool dyes was investigated. The dyes chosen were acid mordant dyes, Palatin dyes, Acidol dyes, Polar dyes, Lanasol dyes, and Lanaset dyes. The dyes were divided into 23, and fabrics were treated separately with these dyes according to the corresponding dyeing process. The metal ion of Cr6+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Al3+was added separately into the dyebath, the content of which was 3 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 300 mg/L. The differences in color between the fabrics dyed using the metal-contain-process and the metal-free-process were compared. The color difference is positively correlated with the metal ion content. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, the color difference values (ΔE) of most dyed fabrics were less than 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB. Moreover, color fastness was greater than 4, which means that the effect of the metal ions to color difference is acceptable. When the metal ion content was 300 mg/L, the ΔE values of most dyes were greater than 13.6±1.0 of CIELAB, which means that the metal ions have obvious effects on color difference. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L, the ΔE values ranged from 1.7±0.313.6±1.0 of CIELAB. Based on the recommendation of theGB250-1995 Gray Scale for Assessing Change in Color(equivalent to the ISO 105/A02-1993 Textile-tests for Color Fastness-grey Scale for Assessing Change in Color), the ΔE value 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB and Grade 4 color fastness were used as the threshold to assess the results. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, Cu2+and Fe3+had low influence on the Palatin dyes, in which the color difference and the color fastness were less than the threshold. Meanwhile, Cu2+and Fe3+had excessive effects on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. However, Cr3+had excessive influence on the Palatin dyes, with the color difference and the color fastness exceeding the threshold. In contrast, Cr3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values conforming to the threshold. Al3+had a significant effect on the acid mordant dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. In contrast, Al3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, which were within the threshold. Cr6+had no significant effect on the kinds of dyes, in which the ΔE values did not exceed the threshold. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L or 300 mg/L, we obtained mixed results. The color difference and color fastness values of kinds of dyes in the present study met the threshold, whereas some kinds of dyes were not within the threshold. The result has practical utility for setting the standards for water recycling in the wool dyeing industry.
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Lee, Hye Won. "Development of Sustainable Creative Three-Dimensional Virtual Woven Textiles Using Clothing Waste." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to design weaving methods for the aesthetic and practical recycling of various types of clothing waste, making creative woven textiles and three-dimensional virtual textiles based on them. This study is a follow-up study on the production of upcycling fabric using clothing waste and was conducted to overcome the limitations of the preceding study. Before conducting this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the perception of clothing waste recycling among weaving participants. The investigation found that the necessity of recycling clothing waste was recognized, but methods for doing so were not known. The demand for easy and diverse recycling methods that can aesthetically improve clothing waste has been identified. In this study, seven weaving methods based on plain weaving were designed. The weaving method was based on the plain weaving method, and warp, weft, and matt weaving were divided into regular or irregular weaving. Warp yarn was used to improve the durability of the textile, and weft yarn was utilized to increase the use of clothing waste and maintain the aesthetic effects of the original materials. The twenty people who participated in the preliminary survey performed creative textile production using clothing waste and evaluated materials and weaving methods. Creative textiles using clothing waste were created as 3D virtual textiles by the author. A group of experts evaluated the novelty and appropriateness of the creative textiles and 3D virtual textiles and participated in a focus group interview. As a result of this study, 140 creative textiles and 3D virtual textiles were produced based on the developed methods. According to the evaluation of the materials and design methods, the preparation of the material was easy, the suitability of the material was high, and the difficulty of the weaving method was low. The difficulty of each weaving type was the lowest for the plain and matt regular method, and the highest for the weft irregular method. The irregular type was highly evaluated in the novelty category, and the regular type was highly evaluated in the appropriateness category. In the focus group interviews, experts positively evaluated the usefulness of the material, the appropriateness of the design methods, the novelty of the woven textile, and the appropriateness of the material for 3D virtual clothing.
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Bengtsson, Jenny, Anna Peterson, Alexander Idström, Hanna de la Motte, and Kerstin Jedvert. "Chemical Recycling of a Textile Blend from Polyester and Viscose, Part II: Mechanism and Reactivity during Alkaline Hydrolysis of Textile Polyester." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chemical recycling of textiles holds the potential to yield materials of equal quality and value as products from virgin feedstock. Selective depolymerization of textile polyester (PET) from regenerated cellulose/PET blends, by means of alkaline hydrolysis, renders the monomers of PET while cellulose remains in fiber form. Here, we present the mechanism and reactivity of textile PET during alkaline hydrolysis. Part I of this article series focuses on the cellulose part and a possible industrialization of such a process. The kinetics and reaction mechanism for alkaline hydrolysis of polyester packaging materials or virgin bulk polyester are well described in the scientific literature; however, information on depolymerization of PET from textiles is sparse. We find that the reaction rate of hydrolysis is not affected by disintegrating the fabric to increase its surface area. We ascribe this to the yarn structure, where texturing and a low density assures a high accessibility even without disintegration. The reaction, similar to bulk polyester, is shown to be surface specific and proceeds via endwise peeling. Finally, we show that the reaction product terephthalic acid is pure and obtained in high yields.
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Memon, Hafeezullah, Henock Solomon Ayele, Hanur Meku Yesuf, and Li Sun. "Investigation of the Physical Properties of Yarn Produced from Textile Waste by Optimizing Their Proportions." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since textile waste recycling is a global challenge, there is an emerging need to explore this research direction due to the little knowledge about textile recycling. This study aimed to study the property of yarns produced from recycled textile/cotton fiber blends for proportion optimization and to check whether they can be used for denim fabric production. The properties of recycled fiber and virgin cotton spun on open-end having 4.5 Ne were investigated with fiber proportions of 20/80, 25/75, 30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, and 50/50. The results were analyzed with Design-Expert software, using central composite design to optimize the proportion. The 40/60 proportion had the optimum result, and by using this optimized proportion, 10 Ne yarn was produced and used for denim fabric production. The sample denim fabric produced used recycled yarn as a weft, showing that the recycled fiber turned yarn can be used in manufacturing products such as denim. The physical properties of the denim fabric confirmed that the recycled goods have wearable quality. Since this research can be applied on an industrial scale, it would benefit textile academia, industry, the environment, and society.
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Chuang, Yu-Chun, Limin Bao, Mei-Chen Lin, Ching-Wen Lou, and TingAn Lin. "Mechanical and Static Stab Resistant Properties of Hybrid-Fabric Fibrous Planks: Manufacturing Process of Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Recycled Fibers." Polymers 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of technology, fibers and textiles are no longer exclusive for the use of clothing and decoration. Protective products made of high-strength and high-modulus fibers have been commonly used in different fields. When exceeding the service life, the protective products also need to be replaced. This study proposes a highly efficient recycling and manufacturing design to create more added values for the waste materials. With a premise of minimized damage to fibers, the recycled selvage made of high strength PET fibers are reclaimed to yield high performance staple fibers at a low production cost. A large amount of recycled fibers are made into matrices with an attempt to decrease the consumption of new materials, while the combination of diverse plain woven fabrics reinforces hybrid-fabric fibrous planks. First, with the aid of machines, recycled high strength PET fibers are processed into staple fibers. Using a nonwoven process, low melting point polyester (LMPET) fibers and PET staple fibers are made into PET matrices. Next, the matrices and different woven fabrics are combined in order to form hybrid-fabric fibrous planks. The test results indicate that both of the PET matrices and fibrous planks have good mechanical properties. In particular, the fibrous planks yield diverse stab resistances from nonwoven and woven fabrics, and thus have greater stab performance.
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Powar, Ajinkya, Anne Perwuelz, Nemeshwaree Behary, Le vinh Hoang, Thierry Aussenac, Carmen Loghin, Stelian Sergiu Maier, Jinping Guan, and Guoqiang Chen. "Investigation into the color stripping of the pigment printed cotton fabric using the ozone assisted process: A study on the decolorization and characterization." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502199275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925021992757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Color stripping is one of the most convenient ways to rectify the various shade faults occurred during printing or dyeing process of textiles. But, the conventional chemical assisted process poses serious risk of the environmental pollution. Secondly, the chemical recycling of the cellulosic fibers may be disrupted due to the presence of the impurities like colorants, finishes, and the additives in the discarded textiles. So, there is a need to study ways to remove such impurities from the discarded cellulosic textiles in a sustainable manner. This work examines the decolorization of the pigment prints on cellulosic fabrics at pilot scale using an ozone-assisted process. The effect of varying pH, ozone concentration and the treatment time on the decolorization of the pigment prints was optimized using the response surface methodology technique. The effects of ozonation process parameters on the mechanical properties of cellulosic cotton fabric were measured. Decolorization of pigment printed samples was studied with respect to the surface effects by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical removal effects of ozonation treatment were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The possible mechanism regarding the action of ozone for the decolorization is discussed.
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Patti, Antonella, Gianluca Cicala, and Domenico Acierno. "Eco-Sustainability of the Textile Production: Waste Recovery and Current Recycling in the Composites World." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aimed to review the recent scientific research, focused on the application of recycled fibers, taken from textile waste, in the field of composite materials to fulfill the eco-sustainability requirements of textile manufacturing, and promote actions for a circular economy. The yarns and fabric production represent one of the most polluting processes of the industrial world. The harmful environmental impact of the textile process has been described by reporting the different treatments involving the raw material and the filament fabrication, and concerning the uses of insecticides, fertilizers, and many other chemicals for improving the quality of the final products. In addition, solid textile waste constituted a further additional issue for the environmental sustainability of fabric production. Various strategies have been discussed and in part already adopted by many companies to recover waste fibers and prevent them from ending up in landfills. The alternatives of fiber recycling for composite realization have been presented by reporting several recent studies involving the uses of recycled fibers from the textile waste embedded in different matrices: thermoplastic polymer, thermosetting resins, natural constituents, and concrete in light of specific applications.
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Gedif, Biruk, and Desalegn Atalie. "Recycling of 100% Cotton Fabric Waste to Produce Unsaturated Polyester-Based Composite for False Ceiling Board Application." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (January 27, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2710000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the garment and textile industries generate millions of tons of textile waste every year around the world. Textile wastes are one of the disposed of materials and the sum of disposed of material squander materials expanded from year to year. For this reason, regenerating and utilizing the textile waste item as resources and decreasing environmental pollution may be an extraordinary opportunity. This research is aimed at manufacturing unsaturated polyester composite reinforced with 100% cotton fabric waste for ceiling board application using a manual mixing process followed by the compression molding method. The statistical results showed that mechanical properties of the produced composite samples such as tensile, compressive, flexural, and impact strength are affected by fiber mixed ratio and matrix loading at α = 0.05 . The composite ceiling reinforced with 33 weight % cotton fabric waste and a matrix of 67 weight % unsaturated polyester had a maximum tensile strength of 198 MPa, the flexural strength of 30.1 MPa, and compressive strength of 1105.3 MPa. On the contrary, the false ceiling board made from 10% cotton fabric waste and matrix of 90% unsaturated polyester had a lower tensile strength of 112.6 MPa, flexural strength of 21.5 MPa, and compressive strength of 867.5 MPa. Generally, the manufactured composites’ mechanical behaviors were comparable to existing commercial ceiling boards and the output of this research work can protect the environmental pollution by reducing textile waste disposed to landfills.
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Lou, Ching Wen, Ting Ting Li, Mei Chen Lin, Jan Yi Lin, and Jia Horng Lin. "Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluations of Protective Textiles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global warming increases each day and causes people to pay more attention to the reduction of carbon dioxide emission in order to mitigate the increase in temperature. Reducing, reusing, and recycling can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, to attain goals of energy conservation and carbon reduction. This study aims to explore the difference in the punch resistance and impact strength between the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabrics and PET/TPU honeycomb grid/PET (P/T/P) composites. Recycle PET, high strength PET, and low melting PET are made into PET nonwoven fabrics, two layers of which are laminated with a TPU honeycomb grid, the interlayer, to form P/T/P composites. The constant rate puncture resistance, dynamic puncture resistance, and impact strength of PET nonwoven fabrics and P/T/P composites are evaluated. The experiment results show that both the constant rate and dynamic puncture resistances of P/T/P composites are lower than those of PET nonwoven fabrics.
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Meng, Xue, Wei Fan, Yanli Ma, Tongxue Wei, Hao Dou, Xue Yang, Huixia Tian, Yang Yu, Tao Zhang, and Li Gao. "Recycling of denim fabric wastes into high-performance composites using the needle-punching nonwoven fabrication route." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 5-6 (August 22, 2019): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519870317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present, a large number of waste textiles are disposed through incineration and burial, which cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, recycling textile wastes into high mechanical products with eco-friendly method is an urgent issue. Based on the above status quo, three kinds of 3D waste denim fiber needled felts/epoxy composites (3DWECs) with different areal densities of the mono-layer fiber web were designed and fabricated, and the effect of the areal density of the mono-layer fiber web on its mechanical properties was studied in this work. The cross-section morphologies of 3DWECs were also examined. Tensile, bending and compressive test results revealed that 2# 3DWECs (the planar density of mono-layer fiber webs was 557 g/m2) possessed better mechanical properties than 1# 3DWECs and 3# 3DWECs. Both the static and dynamic mechanical testing results showed that 3D waste denim fiber needled felts acting as the reinforcement played an essential role in the bearing function. Moreover, the peel tests indicated that the peel strengths of the 3DWECs were above the limits of the Chinese National Standard for particle board. The composites have the potential as a substitute for some particle boards.
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Suliyanthini, Dewi, Riza Wiryawan Jonathan, Siti Nursetiawaty, and Aam Amaningsih. "MODIFICATION RECYCLE JUTE FIBRE WASTE FOR BULLET PROOF VESTS." JURNAL GREEN GROWTH dan MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jgg.041.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research uses experimental methods to find a formula modifications pure jute (Corchorus capsularis) and Javajute for textile composition strong and resistant to bullets, with the use of resin carbonanotubes (CNT) and tensile strength testing of physical evaluation and test-fired a fabric that can be accounted for laboratory. With methodology Kuantitatif Research and Develipment (R and D). Experiment by processing waste recycling Jute / Javajute into textile products. Jute / Javajute are plants that are often found on the coast of Indonesia, and has not done a lot of processing, it is generally discarded as useless waste. With experimental textile processing, waste jute / javajute be converted into bullet resistant textile products. Long-term goal of this research is to get the right formula in terms of kompisisi fiber, basket type, and CNT resin composition, thereby answering a concern for domestic products and recycling waste back also unearth medium economic enterprises and SMEs in terms of plantation.The experimental results obtained that the tensile strength of jute fabric with or without CNT> 100 kg, and the tensile strength of the fabric javajute without CNTs> 97 kg, Javajute + CNT> 100kg.with Yarn Number Ne 11. Test results using a pistol bullet caliber Revolfer II Internationa Standard Evaluationl (SII), weighs 9 gram bullet diameter of 9 mm bullets, bullet time speed of 341 m / s, Jute cloth + produced CNTs with 32 layers of clay sculpture penetration depth of 12 mm. Jute cloth non CNT 12mm. Cain jute ResinCNT, 3,9kg + 12 mm. Cain jute non CNT 0,7mm. The experiment its goals if onlu 0,4 mm bullet . For comparison in the Army agency, usually the fabric used for bulletproof Highcon types of PET imported products with a very high price. With a composition of 16-32 layers of PET weight between 21.9 to 30 gr. Where is the time of the shooting bullets lodged in the lining of the 11 for pistol caliber II and for rifle bullets lodged in the lining of 23-27. And than eksperiment for bullet vets ptoof FN25 pistol hurahara with sample same its success cannot mannequien body. Until linning 6 for jute CNT and linning 8 sample Jute. Weigth sample jute CNT 2.9 kg 32 linning CNT resin 1%, Weigth sample jute original 2,2 kg 32 linning. This is a succes for pistol level 5.
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Uysal, Serkan, Eva Bou-Belda, Marilés Bonet-Aracil, and Jaime Gisbert-Payá. "Pre, Post and Meta Mordanting Recycled Cotton with Chitosan." Materials Science Forum 1063 (June 10, 2022): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-p698nx.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textile processing industry has imposed strict ecological and economic restrictions on the chemicals used, including bans on certain consumer goods containing synthetic agents which are posing challenges to sustainability issues [1, 2]. The worldwide demand for the use of environmentally friendly products in the textile industry is nowadays of great interest, possibly because of increasing concern about the environment, ecology, and pollution control [3, 4].It is a fact that the textile industry has grown many times during the last decades to meet global and domestic demand. This tremendous growth has also led to a parallel growth in environmental problems, which remained unnoticed. Any industrial activity produces pollution in one form or the other, and the textile industry certainly released a wide spectrum of pollution into the environment.The textile manufacturing process is characterized by the high consumption of resources such as water, fuel and a variety of chemicals in a long process sequence which generates a significant amount of waste. The common practices of low process efficiency result in substantial wastage of resources and severe damage to the environment [5, 6].Recycling implies the breakdown of a thing into its unrefined materials with the end goal that the rough material can be recuperated and used as a piece of new items. On the other hand, recycle insinuates a present thing being used again inside a comparable creation chain. Textile material recycling is the strategy by which old pieces of clothing and diverse materials are recovered for recycle or material recovery. It is the explanation behind the material recycling industry. Material recycling may incorporate recouping pre-consumer waste or post-consumer misuse. There are different ways to deal with perceive the sorts of recycling possible inside the material [7].Pre-consumer waste is a material that was disposed of before it was prepared for customer utilize. Pre-consumer recycled materials can be separated and revamped into comparative or diverse materials or can be sold as such to outsider purchasers who at that point utilize those materials for buyer items. Pre-consumer material waste for the most part alludes to squander results from fiber, yarn, material, and clothing fabricating. It can be process closes, scraps, clippings, or merchandise harmed amid creation, and most is recovered and recycled as crude materials for the car, furniture, sleeping cushion, coarse yarn, home outfitting, paper, and different ventures. Pre-consumer squanders are produced all through the first phases of the inventory network. In the crude materials area (fiber and yarn creation), ginning squanders, opening squanders, checking squanders, comber noils, brushed waste yarns, meandering squanders, ring turning waste fibers, ring-spun squander yarns, open-end spinning waste fibers, and open-end spinning yarn squanders are usually gathered for recycling [8].The ground root of the madder plant, Rubia Tinctorum L., formerly cultivated in many parts of Europe and North and South of America. Was largely used for dyeing Turkey Red on cotton mordant with alum in presence of lime. Applied to wool on an alum- or chrome-cream of tartar mordent [9].Natural dyes with a few expectations are non-substantive and hence must be used in conjunction with mordants. Mordant is a chemical, which can fix itself on the fiber and combines with the dyestuff. The challenge before the natural dyers in application of natural colour is the necessity to us metallic mordants which themselves are pollutant and harmful. Due to the environmental hazard caused by metallic mordant while dyeing of textile fabric, dyers are always looking for safe natural mordant for natural dyes [10].The applications of chitosan for different applications in textiles are reported [11–12], but the application of such functional biopolymer as a mordant in natural dyeing has been quite rare in the literature. In the current work, chitosan extracted from waste shrimp shells [12] was utilized as a mordant for simultaneous natural dye printing and antibacterial finishing of cotton in comparison with commonly used metal mordants. The efficacy of chitosan as eco-friendly mordant and antibacterial finish has been studied.The paper discusses a comparison between different ways to mordant cotton with chitosan. This research as a first step of further experimental, provide us the optimum values and applications for the future research. As a result, we could conclude the mordanting process was more effective from the point of view of dyeing yield.
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Čepič, Gracija, and Dunja Šajn Gorjanc. "Influence of the Web Formation of a Basic Layer of Medical Textiles on Their Functionality." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the spunbond process and the meltblown process, as well as various combinations of the two processes, on the functional performance of layered nonwovens for medical purposes. In the present study, eight samples used in the medical field, mainly for medical masks, were analysed. The samples studied were laminated nonwovens produced by the spunbond and meltblown processes, and combinations of spunbond and meltblown processes. In order to determine the influence of the technological process used to produce a base layer of nonwoven fabrics on their functionality, measurements of tensile strength and extension, water vapour permeability, air permeability, porosity, and thermal conductivity were performed. In addition, the structural characteristics of selected samples were analysed, such as fibre diameter, thickness, mass, raw material composition, and surface openness. The aim of the present study was to find the optimal combination of spunbond and meltblown processes for medical textiles. Based on the research results, we can conclude that the five-layer composite in which three layers are made by spunbond (S) and two layers are made by meltblown (M) in combination as SSMMS from PP fibres has optimal air permeability, filtration of pollutants passing through a protective mask, water vapour permeability and thermal conductivity, and is optimal for use as a multilayer nonwoven fabric for medical masks. Multilayer SSMMS composites also have a lower weight, resulting in less energy and time required for recycling such textiles.
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De Smet, David, Jente Verjans, and Myriam Vanneste. "Selective Solvolysis of Bio-Based PU-Coated Fabric." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 5452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Polyurethane (PU) coatings are widely applied on high performing textiles due to their excellent durability and mechanical properties. PUs based on renewable resources were developed to improve the environmental impact of coatings by decreasing the carbon footprint. However, at the end-of-life, PU-coated textiles still end up as landfill or are incinerated since PUs are not biodegradable and are not being recycled at this moment. Therefore, the recycling of PU-coated substrates needs to be examined. This study reports the selective solvolysis of a polyester (PET) fabric coated with a bio-based PU using a 70% ZnCl2 aqueous solution. This method allowed the easy separation of the coating from the fabric. The thermal, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the virgin PET and recycled PET were examined via tensile strength tests, IR, TGA, DSC and GPC. Analysis of the fractions after solvolysis revealed that the PU was converted into the original polyol and an amine, corresponding to the isocyanate used for PU synthesis.