Статті в журналах з теми "Tests sur route"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Tests sur route.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Tests sur route".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
A. Dahounom, Aboudou,, and Koffi Koudouvo. "Enquête Ethnobotanique Sur Les Plantes Médicinales Utilisées Dans La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle Des Maladies Infectieuses Dans La Région Sanitaire Lomé-Commune Du Togo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 21 (June 30, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n21p46.
Анотація:
Afin de promouvoir la Médecine traditionnelle togolaise (MTT), préserver/conserver des savoirs et savoir-faire endogènes, une enquête ethnobotanique a été menée de Mai 2018 à Juillet 2019 pour recenser les recettes de plantes aux propriétés anti-infectieuses vendues dans les marchés de la Région Sanitaire Lomé-Commune du Togo. ATRM(Achat en Triplet de Recettes Médicinales) a été la méthode de collecte des données. Les données recueillies qui portent sur les caractéristiques ethnopharmacologiques de ces recettes, ont été traitées et analysées avec des logiciels ethnobotaniques et statistiques appropriés afin de sélectionner quelques plantes pour de futurs tests de laboratoire. Cent deux (102) recettes d’association de plantes constituées par 68 espèces appartenant à 37 familles, ont été recensées. Annonaceae et Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (5 espèces chacune), Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, et Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4 espèces chacune), ont été les familles les plus représentées. Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, et Leguminosae-Mimosoideae, avec respectivement 129, 75 et 63 citations, ont été les familles dont les espèces sont plus citées. Arbres (39,71%), herbes (38,24%), arbustes (14,7%), lianes (2,94%), arbrisseaux (2,94%) et palmiers (1,47%) ont été les types biologiques d’appartenance de ces espèces. Suivant les valeurs usuelles (VU), Lannea kerstingii (VU=2,29), Bridelia ferruginea(VU=2,00) et Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides(VU=1,82) ont été les espèces plus usuelles. Ecorce de tronc (53,57%), racine (16,13%), tige feuillée (6,9%), plante entière (6,65%), fruit (6,28%), et écorce de racine (6,04%) ont été les parties les plus utilisées des espèces recensées qui sont préparées par décoction (93.14%) et macération (6,86%) puis administrées exclusivement par voie orale. Bridelia ferrugiea et Chamaechrista rotundifolia ont été sélectionnées pour de futurs tests antimicrobiens. Ces résultats illustrent la richesse de la MTT en connaissances endogènes sur les plantes aux propriétés anti-infectieuses.
In order to promote traditional Togolese medicine, to preserve and conserve endogenous knowledge and expertise, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out from May 2018 to July 2019 to record the recipes of plants with anti-infectious properties sold in the markets of the Lomé-Commune Health Region of Togo. ATRM (Achat en Triplet de Recettes Médicinales) was the data collection method. The data collected about the ethnopharmacological ethnobotanical and statistical software for selection some plants for future laboratory tests. One hundred and two associations of plant’s recipes composited by 68 species belonging to 37 families were identified. Annonaceae and Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae(5 species each), Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Leguminosae-Papilionoideae(4 specie each) were the most represented families while Anacardiaceae(129 citations), Euphorbiaceae(75 citations) and Leguminosae-Mimosoideae(63 citations) were family of the most cited species. Trees(39.71%), grasses(38.24%), shrubs(14.7%), lianas(2.94%), bushes(2.94%) and palms(1.47%) were the different biological types to which these species belonged. According to the Used value(UV) Lannea kerstingii(UV=2.29), Bridelia ferruginea(UV=2.00) and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides(UV=1.82) were the most usual species. Stem bark(53.57%), root(16.13%), leafy stem(6.9%), whole plant(6.65%), fruit(6.28%), and root bark(6.04%) were the most commonly used parts of the listed species. These recipes which are prepared by decoction (93.14%) and maceration(6.86%) are administered exclusively by oral route. Bridelia ferrugiea and Chamaechrista rotundifolia were selected for laboratory tests to evaluate their antimicrobial activities in future. Conclusion: These results illustrate the richness of traditional Togolese medicine in endogenous knowledge about anti-infectious’ medicinal plants.
2
Tang, Qiong, Zhuo Fu, and Meng Qiu. "A Bilevel Programming Model and Algorithm for the Static Bike Repositioning Problem." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8641492.
Анотація:
In this paper, by taking the outsourcing transportation mode into account, a bilevel programming model is proposed to formulate the static bike repositioning (SBR) problem, which can be used to determine the number of bikes loaded and unloaded at each station and the optimal truck routes in bike sharing systems (BSS). The upper-level BSS providers determine the optimal loading and unloading quantities at stations to minimize the total penalties. The lower-level truck owner pursues the minimum transportation route cost. An iterated local search and tabu search are developed to solve the model. Computational tests on a set of instances from 20 to 200 bikes demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithms proposed, together with some insightful findings.
3
King, Hueston C. "Exploring the Maze of Adverse Reactions to Foods." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 73, no. 4 (April 1994): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139407300409.
Анотація:
Nowhere in medicine is a test or battery of tests more needed than in the diagnosis of adverse reactions to foods. Such tests are not at present a reality. Research produces tests that individually appear to show validity, but when challenged with the entire range ofpossible adverse reactions and their results, the tests fall short. Considering the range of mechanisms involved in adverse reactions to foods, this is to be expected. There is a tendency to discount positive test results when they fail to cover all of the parameters desired. The inherent weakness in any test is that all available formats explore a single or limited reaction route. The reality is the presence of multiple routes, multiple target organ s, and multiple external variable s not subject to programming into a single test. Considering the range of possibil ities, it is amazing that any existing tests show any clinical validity at all. We as scientists should not denigrate any study that shows a significant degree of reliability, even within a limited range. This simply halts progress. An encouraging study should be used as a stepping stone to a more comprehensive format for evaluating the overall range of adverse reactions and providing us with at least some inroads in coping with this most difficult problem. To quote Sir Peter Medawer on receiving the Nobel Prize in Science: “Nothing must be said or written that diminishes the likelihood that someone else will get at the truth.”
4
Barner, Erica L., and Shelly L. Gray. "Donepezil Use in Alzheimer Disease." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17150.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug–drug interactions, and the therapeutic issues concerning the use of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer disease. DATA SOURCES Published articles and abstracts in English were identified by MEDLINE (January 1985–July 1997) searches using the search terms donepezil, E2020, treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and cholinesterase inhibitors. Additional articles were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Data were also obtained from approved product labeling. DATA EXTRACTION The literature was assessed for adequate description of patients, methodology, and outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that is selective and specific for acetylcholinesterase. It is metabolized by hepatic isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 and undergoes glucuronidation. Information about drug interactions is limited, but a potential for drug–drug interactions does exist, given the route of elimination. Donepezil has a relative bioavailability of 100% following oral administration and is not affected by the presence of food. In 15- and 30-week trials, donepezil was effective in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease as shown by improvements on standard assessment instruments (i.e., the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale, the Clinical Interview-Based Impression of Change with Caregiver Input). Adverse effects were comparable with those of placebo, and monitoring of liver function tests is not required. CONCLUSIONS Donepezil is an effective symptomatic treatment for some patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease. Although no comparative trials have been reported, donepezil appears to be a safe alternative for tacrine, given its convenient once-daily dosing, minimal adverse effects, and lower total cost. OBJETIVO Ofrecer un resumen de la farmacología, farmacocinética, eficacia clínica, efectos adversos, interacciones, y cuestiones terapeúticas relacionadas con el uso de donepezil en pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer. FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN Artículos y extractos en inglés fueron identificados a través de MEDLINE utilizando los términos donepezil, E2020, tratamiento de Alzheimer, e inhibidores de colinesterasa. Artículos adicionales fueron seleccionados a partir de la bibliografía de la literatura identificada. También se obtuvo información a partir de la marcación aprobada del producto. SELECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS Los estudios fueron evaluados en cuanto a descripción adecuada de los pacientes, metodología, y resultados. SÍNTESIS Donepezil es un inhibidor selectivo de la colinesterasa y específico para la acetilcolinesterasa. Es metabolizado por las enzimas hepáticas CYP2D6 y CYP3A4 y experimenta glucuronidación. Aunque hay poca información acerca de interacciones con otras drogas, la potencial para estas interacciones existe, dada la ruta de eliminación. Después de administración oral, la biodisponibilidad relativa de donepezil es 100% y no es afectada por la presencia de comida. En estudios clínicos de 15 a 30 semanas de duración, pacientes con síntomas categorizadas como leve o moderados que recibieron donepezil demostraron mejoramientos en cuanto a resultados en pruebas estadardizadas. Efectos adversos fueron comparables con placebo y el uso de donepezil no requiere el monitoreo de pruebas de función hepática. CONCLUSIONES Donepezil es un tratamiento sintomático efectivo para algunos pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Aunque no se han reportado estudios comparativos con tacrine, donepezil es un alternativo que ofrece dosificación una vez diariamente, un costo más bajo, efectos adversos mínimos y ningunos reportes de hepatotoxicidad. OBJECTIF Revoir la pharmacologie, la pharmacocinétique, l'efficacité clinique, les effets indésirables, les interactions médicamenteuses, et les buts thérapeutiques du donépézil chez les personnes avec de la maladie d'Alzheimer. REVUE DE LITTÉRATURE Les articles publiés et les RÉSUMÉs de langue anglaise ont été identifiés par une recherche dans la banque informatisee MEDLINE (1985–1997) sous les termes donépézil, E2020, traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer, et inhibiteurs de la cholinestérase. D'autres articles ont été identifiés à partir des articles déjà identifiés par cette recherche. Des données ont aussi été extraites de la monographie du produit. SÉLECTION DE LINFORMATION: Les articles ont été comparés quant à la description adéquate des patients, la méthodologie, et les résultats attendus. RÉSUMÉ Le donépézil est un inhibiteur sélectif de la cholinestérase spécifique pour l'acétylcholinestérase. Il est métabolisé par les enzymes hépatiques CYP2D6 et CYP3A4 et subit la glucuronidation. L'information sur les interactions médicamenteuses est limitée, mais des interactions médicamenteuses sont possibles compte tenu de la voie d'élimination de ce produit. La biodisponibilité du donépézil est complet 100% par la voie orale et n'est pas modifiée en présence d'aliments. Dans des essais cliniques de 15 et 30 semaines, le donépézil est efficace chez les personnes avec de la maladie d'Alzheimer l'égère à modérée, tel que montré par des améliorations sur des échelles d'évaluation (ADAS-C, CIBIC). Les effets indésirables du donépézil dans ces études sont comparables à ceux du placébo et des tests de la fonction hépatique ne sont pas requis comme avec la tacrine. CONCLUSIONS Le donépézil est un traitement symptomatique efficace chez quelques personnes avec de la maladie d'Alzheimer légère à modérée. Même s'il n'existe pas d'études comparatives, le donépézil semble une alternative sécuritaire à la tacrine, compte tenu de sa prise uniquotidienne, de ses effets indésirables minimes et de son faible coût.
5
Che Rosli, Nur Hidayah, and Jasmi Ab Talib. "Geology and Engineering Geology of Granites at Grik-Baling Route, Northern Peninsular Malaysia." Platform : A Journal of Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pjstvol1iss1art4329.
Анотація:
Previous studies on the igneous rocks in Grik and Baling area has classified the rock as a part of Bintang batholith, Main Range Granite Province of Peninsular Malaysia. This research is aimed to study the geology of the igneous rock along the route and its engineering geology. Petrographic, XRF and XRD analyses have been conducted to identify the geology of the igneous rock. Schmidt hammer rebound tests, uniaxial compressive strength and Brazillian tensile strength test were conducted to determine the engineering properties of the igneous rock. Discontinuity survey was conducted to collect discontinuity properties and to perform rock mass rating (RMR) and slope mass rating (SMR) determinations. Igneous rock in the study area is classified as coarse grain, porphyritic biotite granite (main rock type) which is the typical texture of Main Range Granite with minor phaneritic granite. Strength test and rock mass classifications were conducted only on the main rock type: porphyritic biotite granite. The rock mass has Schmidt rebound value, uniaxial compressive strength and indirect tensile strength of 41, 50.19MPa and 7.58MPa respectively. RMR of the rock mass is 77 which classify the rock mass into a good rock. However, SMR of the rock mass is 26 which fall in the category of poor and unstable rock slope with wedge failure being the most critical type of failure.
6
Leung, Sophia. "Kératite provoquée par Curvularia : Un champignon parmi nous." Canadian Journal of Optometry 86, no. 1 (February 20, 2024): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.v86i1.5616.
Анотація:
But : Ce cas présente une kératite fongique moins fréquente causée par des espèces du type Curvularia et met en évidence la norme de soin actuelle pour la kératite fongique.
Étude de cas : Une femme caucasienne de 48 ans a été aiguillée, souffrant depuis deux semaines d’un œil droit rouge, douloureux et d’une vision floue. Lors d’un examen biomicroscopique, la présence d’un infiltrat blanc focalement élevé à bords flous irréguliers, d’un défaut épithélial sus-jacent et de lésions satellites a mené à un diagnostic clinique de kératite fongique. Les résultats de la culture ont suggéré que Curvularia était l’organisme causal le plus probable. Ce rapport présente un examen de la kératite fongique, y compris des stratégies de traitement fondées sur des tests de susceptibilité et un raisonnement fondé sur des données probantes.
Conclusion : La kératite fongique est une maladie qui peut initialement être mal diagnostiquée, et les retards dans le traitement peuvent avoir une incidence importante sur les résultats en matière de vision. La combinaison de solides connaissances cliniques, de la communication avec les laboratoires de microbiologie locaux et de la capacité d’ajuster les stratégies de traitement pendant le suivi peut contribuer à gérer efficacement cette maladie.
7
CHAMP, M., and P. COLONNA. "Importance de l’endommagement de l’amidon dans les aliments pour animaux." INRAE Productions Animales 6, no. 3 (June 28, 1993): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1993.6.3.4199.
Анотація:
Les principales modifications de l’état de l’amidon, qui se produisent au cours des étapes de transformation et de fabrication des aliments pour animaux, sont l’augmentation de surface spécifique, une diminution de la cristallinité et une dépolymérisation de l’amylose et de l’amylopectine. Les différentes méthodes in vitro qui permettent d’étudier les facteurs influençant les cinétiques d’hydrolyse de l’amidon sont présentées. La microscopie permet des observations qualitatives. Les déterminations quantitatives sont fondées sur la susceptibilité aux amylases, les solubilités en milieux aqueux et alcooliques ainsi que l’absorption d’eau. Ces différents tests permettent de prédire la digestibilité de l’amidon dans la partie supérieure du tractus digestif. L’analyse par réflectance dans le moyen infra-rouge pourrait devenir un outil de contrôle en ligne.
8
Hon, Chun-Yip. "Side-by-Side Comparison of Methods for Environmental Monitoring for Hazardous Drug Contamination." Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 76, no. 2 (April 3, 2023): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.3275.
Анотація:
Background: Exposure to hazardous drugs is known to have deleterious effects on health care workers. To assess risk, environmental monitoring is conducted to ascertain drug contamination on surfaces, as dermal contact is the main route of exposure. Conventional monitoring employs wipe sampling whereby the wipe must be sent to a laboratory for analysis. This means that quantitative results are not available for some time, during which the risk remains unknown. A new device, the HD Check system, developed by BD, which uses lateral-flow immunoassay technology, allows for near real-time qualitative assessment of contamination (positive or negative); however, its sensitivity relative to the traditional method is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the ability of this novel device to detect drug contamination relative to the conventional method. Methods: Five sets of different known drug concentrations were compared between the conventional wipe sampling method and the HD Check systems for methotrexate (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CP). Stainless steel surfaces were tested, and the drug concentrations ranged from 0 ng/cm2 to twice the limit of detection (LOD) of each HD Check system. Results: For MTX, positive results were obtained in every test trial at all drug concentrations examined with the HD Check system (LOD = 0.93 ng/cm2). For CP, test results with the HD Check system (LOD = 4.65 ng/cm2) were all positive at the LOD and twice the LOD; however, at 50% and 75% of the LOD, the result was positive in only 90% (9/10) of the trials. The conventional method was able to quantify the test drug concentrations with a high level of accuracy and reproducibility. Conclusions: These results suggest the potential utility of the novel device as a screening tool for higher levels of drug contamination with MTX and CP, but additional research is needed to determine its suitability for lower concentrations, especially of CP. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’exposition à des médicaments dangereux est connue pour avoir des effets délétères sur les travailleurs de la santé. Pour évaluer les risques, une surveillance environnementale est menée pour vérifier la contamination des surfaces par les médicaments, car le contact cutané est la principale voie d’exposition. La surveillance conventionnelle utilise un échantillonnage par frottis, lequel doit être envoyé à un laboratoire pour analyse. Cela signifie que les résultats quantitatifs ne sont pas disponibles pendant un certain temps – temps pendant lequel le risque reste inconnu. Un nouvel appareil, le système HD Check de BD, qui utilise la technologie d’immunodosage à flux latéral, permet une évaluation qualitative en temps quasi réel de la contamination (positive ou négative); cependant, sa sensibilité par rapport à la méthode traditionnelle est inconnue. Objectif : Évaluer la capacité de ce nouveau dispositif pour détecter la contamination médicamenteuse par rapport à la méthode conventionnelle. Méthodes : Cinq ensembles de différentes concentrations connues de médicaments ont été utilisés pour comparer la méthode conventionnelle d’échantillonnage par frottis et les systèmes HD Check pour la méthotrexate (MTX) et la cyclophosphamide (CP). Des surfaces en acier inoxydable ont été testées et les concentrations de médicament variaient de 0 ng/cm2 à deux fois la limite de détection (LD) de chaque système HD Check. Résultats : Pour la MTX, des résultats positifs ont été obtenus dans chaque essai à toutes les concentrations de médicament examinées avec le système HD Check (LD = 0,93 ng/cm2). Pour la CP, les résultats des tests avec le système HD Check (LD = 4,65 ng/cm2) étaient tous positifs à la LD et au double de la LD; cependant, à 50 % et 75 % de la LD, le résultat n’était positif que dans 90 % (9/10) des essais. La méthode conventionnelle a été en mesure de quantifier les concentrations de médicament à l’essai avec un niveau élevé de précision et de reproductibilité. Conclusions : Ces résultats suggèrent l’utilité potentielle du nouveau dispositif comme outil de dépistage pour des niveaux plus élevés de contamination médicamenteuse par la MTX et la CP, mais des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer son adéquation à des concentrations plus faibles, en particulier de CP.
9
Liu, Xin-Feng, John R. Fawcett, Robert G. Thorne, and William H. Frey. "Intranasal IGF-1 Protects against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO)." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.352.
Анотація:
P71 Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been shown to protect against stroke in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly. However, this administration method is not practical in humans as it requires surgery with the risk of infection. Intranasal (IN) delivery is a noninvasive method of bypassing the blood-brain barrier to deliver IGF-1 to the brain [Thorne et al. (1999) Growth Hormone and IGF Research 9: 387]. We have assessed the therapeutic potential of IN IGF-1 in rats following experimentally-induced focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were given a total of three 75 μg doses of IGF-1 (Chiron Corp.) IN over the course of the 72 hour study: 10 minutes after the onset of two hours of MCAO and then again 24 and 48 hours later. Five neurologic tests assessing motor, sensory, vestibulomotor and somatosensory functions were performed at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the onset of MCAO under blinded conditions. Infarct volume, hemispheric swelling and pathological changes were evaluated at 72 hours after MCAO following euthanasia and coding for blind analysis. IGF-1 treatment significantly reduced the corrected infarct volume by 71 % (p=0.002) and hemispheric swelling by 37 % (p=0.017) when compared to vehicle-treated controls. In addition, the postural reflex and flexor response tests showed significant neurologic improvement with IGF-1 treatment (p=0.016 and 0.019 respectively). The adhesive-backed paper test showed borderline significance in both the contact and removal times (p=0.0573 and p=0.042 respectively). The forelimb placing and beam balance tests showed a clear recovery trend but did not reach statistical significance. While IGF-1 does not significantly cross the blood-brain barrier following traditional peripheral routes of administration, it can be delivered to the brain directly from the nasal cavity following intranasal administration. IN IGF-1 reduced both infarct volume and cerebral edema and also significantly reduced neurologic deficits following MCAO. Our study indicates IN delivery of IGF-1 holds significant promise as a noninvasive and efficacious method for treating stroke.
10
Ragani, Jennifer, Q. Wang, Sébastien Gravier, and Jean Jacques Blandin. "High Temperature Forming Maps of Various Bulk Metallic Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 433 (March 2010): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.433.345.
Анотація:
Due to their brittleness, bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are generally difficult to form at room temperature. Casting of BMG is one way to get components but an alternative route is to use the capacity to reach particularly large strains when the glasses are deformed in their supercooled liquid region (SLR). The experimental window (temperature, time) in which high temperature forming can be carried out is directly related to the glass resistance to crystallization. Such forming windows have been identified for various bulk metallic glasses (mainly zirconium and magnesium based BMG) thanks to compression tests in the supercooled liquid region. The effects of partial crystallization on the high temperature rheologies are also discussed. Finally, forming experiments were carried out in the selected windows.
11
Santos, Gabriel Menezes Costa dos, Carlos Roberto Alves, Marcelo Alves Pinto, Luciane Almeida Amado Leon, and Franklin Souza-Silva. "Detection of Antibodies against Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) by a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensor: A New Diagnosis Tool Based on the Major HAV Capsid Protein VP1 (SPR-HAVP1)." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093167.
Анотація:
Hepatitis A (HA) is an acute human infectious disease caused by a positive single-stranded RNA virus (HAV). It is mainly acquired through the fecal–oral route and is primarily spread by contact between people and exposure to contaminated water and food. Recently, large outbreaks of HA have been reported by low and moderate endemicity countries, emphasizing its importance in public health and the need for rapid and large-scale diagnostic tests to support public health decisions on HA. This work proposes a new tool for HAV diagnosis based on the association of surface plasmonic resonance with major capsid protein VP1 (SPR-HAVP1 assay), detecting IgM antibodies for HAV in human serum samples. Structural analyses of VP1 B-lymphocyte epitopes showed continuous and discontinuous epitopes. The discontinuous epitopes were identified in the N-terminal region of the VP1 protein. Both epitope types in the VP1 protein were shown by the reactivity of VP1 in native and denaturing conditions to IgM anti-HAV, which was favorable to tests of VP1 in the SPR assays. SPR-HAVP1 assays showed good performance in the detection of IgM polyclonal antibody anti-HAV. These assays were performed using a COOH5 sensor chip functionalized with VP1 protein. The sensorgram record showed a significant difference between positive and negative serum samples, which was confirmed by analysis of variation of initial and final dissociation values through time (ΔRUd/t). The data gathered here are unequivocal evidence that the SPR-HAVP1 strategy can be applied to detect IgM antibodies in human serum positive to the HAV. This is a new tool to be explored to diagnose human HAV infections.
12
Loumerem, Mohamed, Patrick Van Damme, Mongi Sgair, Dirk Reheul, and Tillo Behaeghe. "Évaluation participative de nouvelles lignées de mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) sélectionnées pour les régions arides tunisiennes." Afrika Focus 22, no. 1 (February 25, 2008): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02201008.
Анотація:
Vu que les moyens disponibles pour la sélection du mil (Pennisetum glaucum) pour les régions arides tunisiennes sont limités et suite aux enseignements tirés de la bibliographie sur la sélection du mil, on a choisi la méthode EVP (évaluation variétale participative) pour impliquer les paysans du mil dès le début des travaux de sélection pour créer de nouvelles variétés du mil plus performantes que les cultivars traditionnels locaux. Les méthodes de recherche participative ont été mises au point pour résoudre certains problèmes de mécompréhension entre les petits paysans et les chercheurs. Il s’agit de ne plus considérer le fermier comme un destinataire muet de la technologie, mais de l’inviter plutôt comme un partenaire dans la recherche.De 2001 à 2003, neuf tests ont ainsi été conduits dans la zone sud-est du pays où le mil est la céréale dominante pendant l’été. Les lignées testées étaient des obtentions du programme d’amélioration des populations locales de mil à l’IRA. Rappelons que ces lignées ont été obtenues sans avoir fair des contrôles de rendement sur des parcelles en station expérimentale. On a évité routes les étapes classiques d’un travail d’amélioration en passant de la lignée à l’agriculteur. Le but était de tester et de sélectionner les meilleures lignées directement dans des conditions de cultures des paysans. Dans la majorité des essais on a identifié un matériel végétal qui répond en grande partie aux besoins des paysans. Il s’agit d’une amélioration de la productivité (paille et panicule) avec une bonne valeur agronomique générale et une qualité de grains répondant aux attentes des consommateurs. Les limites des lignées proposées sont apparues sur tous les sites d’évaluation, aucune des lignées n’a pu démontrer des performances de précocité superiéures aux cultivars locaux durant les deux années d’essai. A l’issue de routes ces évaluations participatives, de nouvelles connaissances ont été acquises pour nous encourager à aller plus loin dans cette démarche de sélection participative du mil dans les régions arides tunisiennes en impliquant beaucoup plus des paysans et sites d’essais.
13
Zabihi, Vahid, Mohammad Hasan Eikani, Mehdi Ardjmand, Seyed Mahdi Latifi, and Alireza Salehirad. "Selective catalytic reduction of NO by Co-Mn based nanocatalysts." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0240.
Анотація:
Abstract One of the most significant aspects in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is developing suitable catalysts by which the process occurs in a favorable way. At the present work SCR reaction by ammonia (NH3-SCR) was conducted using Co-Mn spinel and its composite with Fe-Mn spinel, as nanocatalysts. The nanocatalysts were fabricated through liquid routes and then their physicochemical properties such as phase composition, degree of agglomeration, particle size distribution, specific surface area and also surface acidic sites have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) analysis techniques. The catalytic activity tests in a temperature window of 150–400 °C and gas hourly space velocities of 10,000, 18,000 and 30,000 h−1 revealed that almost in all studied conditions, CoMn2O4/FeMn2O4 nanocomposite exhibited better performance in SCR reaction than CoMn2O4 spinel.
14
Gylfason, Aðalsteinn Dalmann, Agnar Bjarnason, Kristján Orri Helgason, Kristján Godsk Rögnvaldsson, Brynja Ármannsdóttir, Ingibjörg J. Guðmundsdóttir, and Magnús Gottfreðsson. "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions on diagnosis of myocardial infarction and selected infections in Iceland 2020." Læknablaðið 108, no. 04 (April 6, 2022): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2022.04.686.
Анотація:
INTRODUCTON: Nonpharmaceutical interventions to contain the spread of COVID-19 infections in Iceland in 2020 were successful, but the effects of these measures on incidence and diagnosis of other diseases is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) and selected infections with different transmission routes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Health records of individuals 18 years or older who were admitted to Landspitali University Hospital (LUH) in 2016-2020 with pneumonia or MI were extracted from the hospital registry. We acquired data from the clinical laboratories regarding diagnostic testing for Chlamydia trachomatis, influenza, HIV and blood cultures positive for Enterobacterales species. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for 2020 was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and compared to 2016-2019. RESULTS: Discharge diagnoses due to pneumonia decreased by 31% in 2020, excluding COVID-19 pneumonia (SIR 0.69 (95%CI 0.64-0.75)). Discharge diagnoses of MI decreased by 18% (SIR 0.82 (95%CI 0.75-0.90)), and emergency cardiac catheterizations due to acute coronary syndrome by 23% (SIR 0.77 (95%CI 0.71-0.83)), while there was a 15% increase in blood stream infections for Enterobacterales species (SIR 1.15 (95%CI 1.04-1.28)). Testing for Chlamydia trachomatis decreased by 14.8% and positive tests decreased by 16.3%. Tests for HIV were reduced by 10.9%, while samples positive for influenza decreased by 23.6% despite doubling of tests being performed. CONCLUSION: The number of pneumonia cases of other causes than COVID-19 requiring admission dropped by a quarter in 2020. MI, chlamydia and influensa diagnoses decreased notably. These results likely reflect a true decrease, probably due to altered behaviour during the pandemic.
15
Rizzotto, Valentina, Stefan Bajić, Dario Formenti, Xiaochao Wu, Silke Sauerbeck, Jonas Werner, Thomas E. Weirich, et al. "Comparison of Industrial and Lab-Scale Ion Exchange for the DeNOx-SCR Performance of Cu Chabazites: A Case Study." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080880.
Анотація:
The efficiency and robustness of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) by NH3 catalysts for exhaust gas purification, especially of heavy-duty diesel engines, will continue to play a major role, despite the increasing electrification of powertrains. With that in mind, the effect of the synthesis scale on commercially available Cu-exchanged chabazite catalysts for SCR was investigated through physicochemical characterizations and catalytic tests. During hydrothermal aging, both industrial and lab-scale prepared catalysts underwent structural dealumination of the zeolite framework and redistribution of the Al sites. Although both catalysts demonstrated similar NO conversion activity under SCR conditions, the lab-scale catalyst showed higher selectivity and lower activity in NH3 oxidation. Variations in N2O formation and NH3 oxidation rate were found to correlate with the formation of different copper species, and the compositions become less controllable in industrial-scale process. This case study focused on routes of ion exchange, and the results provide new insights into catalytic performance of the industrially-produced zeolites.
16
., Shafiullah, Hamid Bilal, Abdul Qadeer, Arif Usman, Adnan Khan, and Naheed Akhtar. "Synergic Effects of Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Latex on Mechanical Properties of Concrete." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (May 9, 2024): 506–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v11i1.3682.
Анотація:
These days Sustainable advancement is picking up notoriety all around the globe. To hold characteristic assets, reuse and reusing of development and annihilation squander is the clearest approach to achieve manageability in the development division. Presently, reused aggregate RA is been generating and CDW is its source. As of late, these squanders are reused in present day reusing offices, under great quality control arrangements which could prompt enhance its execution. An investigation is completed about the characteristics of Recycled Aggregate Concrete RAC by utilizing squashing and breaking of concrete waste got from various obliteration locales & junkyard. With the end goal to upgrade the characteristics of RAC there are a few additives called as super plasticizer which are adjoined with concrete. Fixings utilized in particularly this investigation were ordinary sand, common & reused aggregate & additive namely Styrene Butadiene Rubber latex (SBR). Those aggregates are acquired from various assets. Sum of 144 concrete molds in system of 4 collections was framed. Gatherings were structured in such a route along these lines, to the point that the impact of reused coarse aggregate (half, 75 percent, and 100 percent), cement dose and expansion of latex of SBR in factor amounts by the cement weight of (0.5 percent, l percent, 1.5 percent) ought to be appropriately decided. For compressive quality and rupture modulus MOR, tests were done. Prior to the tests performance in the research center a diminishing pattern of twenty five (25) percent in compressive quality was taken note. An impressive decrease was seen in the properties of RAC by utilizing 100% reused aggregate when contrasted with Natural Aggregate Concrete NAC. There was negligible change in Recycled Aggregate Concrete RAC made of 75 percent (%) NA and 25 percent (%) RCA. Yet, there was ideal properties differences of concrete ended with the blend of half NA and half RCA. It was seen in the outcomes that concrete squanders might be used in arrangement of concrete subsequent to reusing them which at that point can be utilized in many concrete structures.
17
Halász, István Zoltán, Dávid Kocsis, Dániel Ábel Simon, Andrea Kohári, and Tamás Bárány. "Development of Polypropylene-based Thermoplastic Elastomers with Crumb Rubber by Dynamic Vulcanization: A Potential Route for Rubber Recycling." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.13962.
Анотація:
In our current paper the preparation and properties of thermoplastic elastomer produced by dynamic vulcanization is presented and discussed. We dynamically vulcanized natural and styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) phase by continuous extrusion. Dispersion and in-situ vulcanization of the rubber phase occurred simultaneously in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. We used a random polypropylene copolymer (rPP) as the thermoplastic matrix and untreated crumb rubber (CR) to partially substitute the neat fresh rubber in order to check whether this is a potential recycling route for waste rubber products. We studied the effect of various rubber formulations, various processing conditions (screw speed and configuration) and various CR particle size distributions by characterizing the mechanical performance of the thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizates (TDVs) with tensile and hardness tests and their morphology by evaluating SEM micrographs taken from the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens. The results showed that increasing screw speed and more high-shear elements in the screw setup led to a finer dispersion of the rubber phase, resulting in improved mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile properties of the best TDVs reached 20.5 MPa in tensile strength and 550 % in strain at break. However, partial replacement of the fresh rubber with untreated CR caused a significant deterioration in mechanical properties, due to poor adhesion between the CR particles and the matrix and rubber. This suggests that some kind of pre-treatment (e.g. by microwave or other devulcanization techniques) is necessary to enhance the surface activity of the CR particles.
18
Cortes-Pacheco, Abimelek, María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes, Francisco José Palacios-Can, José Antonio Valcarcel-Gamiño, Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández, María del Carmen Juárez-Vázquez, Adolfo López-Torres, and Oscar Abelardo Ramírez-Marroquín. "Synthesis, antiinflammatory activity, and molecular docking studies of bisphosphonic esters as potential MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitors." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (June 8, 2020): 1277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.108.
Анотація:
Bisphosphonic acids (or bisphosphonates) have been successfully used in the clinic treatment of bone diseases for over decades. Additionally, the antiinflammatory activity of these compounds has been gaining attention. In our previous work, we synthesized and in vivo evaluated the bisphosphonic esters 1 and 2, finding a moderate edema inhibition upon oral and topical administration on BALB/c mice. Thus, in this work, the bioisosteric replacement of an amide functional group for an ester afforded the new bisphosphonates 3–6, which had a moderate oral edema inhibition (25 mg/kg dose) and a significant topical antiinflammatory activity (2 mg/ear) on BALB/c mice, with 6 being the most active hit (55.9% edema inhibition), comparable to the positive control (55.5% edema inhibition) on a TPA topical model. Next, to assess the acute toxicity of the synthesized derivatives, test animals were administered with 50–100 mg/kg of 3–6, respectively, by an oral route, and after 14 days, neither lethality nor a significative weight loss were observed. Finally, a structure–activity relationship (SAR) and a molecular docking analysis of 3–6 helped us to explain the trend observed in biological tests. Considering all these aspects, we propose the inhibition of MMP-8 and MMP-9 as a possible action mechanism of the synthesized derivatives.
19
Pizo, Gerardo Antonio Idrobo, Pilar Hidalgo Falla, Leonardo Aguayo, and Arilson Terrão Ximenes Junior. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BANCADA DE ENSAIOS PARA AVALIAR DEGRADAÇÃO DE ÓLEOS ISOLANTES UTILIZADOS EM TRANSFORMADORES ELÉTRICOS." Revista Contemporânea 3, no. 3 (February 17, 2023): 1334–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56083/rcv3n3-009.
Анотація:
O trabalho apresenta-se como uma proposta inovadora para testes in loco, que permitem diagnosticar o estado do óleo isolante que está em contato com os principais componentes ativos do transformador durante seu funcionamento. O monitoramento do óleo isolante no transformador tem um papel vital não apenas na avaliação do estado da rede de transmissão e na manutenção de sua integridade, como também na vida remanescente estimada de cada unidade. Durante a operação do equipamento, é necessário realizar regularmente testes estabelecidos de acordo com normas padronizadas, a fim de averiguar a qualidade do óleo isolante e detectar possíveis falhas no estágio inicial da degradação de suas características elétricas (ARANTES, 2016) (CAMPOS, 2016)(ROUSE, 1980). Os testes da rigidez dielétrica e da concentração dos gases dissolvidos requerem equipamentos caros, de dimensões grandes e difíceis de ser acoplados a um sistema de monitoramento in loco. O desenvolvimento desta bancada móvel inclui: (i) 4 nanosensores para detecção de gases dissolvidos, e (ii) um sistema acoplado a um processador para medição indireta da rigidez dielétrica. O resultado foi uma bancada portátil e de baixo custo em relação aos métodos clássicos. O monitoramento de índices obtidos pelos parâmetros acima reduziu o número de interrupções não programadas causadas pelos danos nos transformadores.
20
Zhu, Yuanqing, Weihao Zhou, Chong Xia, and Qichen Hou. "Application and Development of Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology for Marine Low-Speed Diesel Engine: Trade-Off among High Sulfur Fuel, High Thermal Efficiency, and Low Pollution Emission." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050731.
Анотація:
In recent years, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Europe, and the United States and other countries have set up different emission control areas (ECA) for ship exhaust pollutants to enforce more stringent pollutant emission regulations. In order to meet the current IMO Tier III emission regulations, an after-treatment device must be installed in the exhaust system of the ship power plant to reduce the ship NOx emissions. At present, selective catalytic reduction technology (SCR) is one of the main technical routes to resolve excess NOx emissions of marine diesel engines, and is the only NOx emission reduction technology recognized by the IMO that can be used for various ship engines. Compared with the conventional low-pressure SCR system, the high-pressure SCR system can be applied to low-speed marine diesel engines that burn inferior fuels, but its working conditions are relatively harsh, and it can be susceptible to operational problems such as sulfuric acid corrosion, salt blockage, and switching delay during the actual ship tests and ship applications. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the design method and matching strategy of the high-pressure SCR system to achieve a more efficient and reliable operation. This article summarizes the technical characteristics and application problems of marine diesel engine SCR systems in detail, tracks the development trend of the catalytic reaction mechanism, engine tuning, and control strategy under high sulfur exhaust gas conditions. Results showed that low temperature is an important reason for the formation of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and other deposits. Additionally, the formed deposits will directly affect the working performance of the SCR systems. The development of SCR technology for marine low-speed engines should be the compromise solution under the requirements of high sulfur fuel, high thermal efficiency, and low pollution emissions. Under the dual restrictions of high sulfur fuel and low exhaust temperature, the low-speed diesel engine SCR systems will inevitably sacrifice part of the engine economy to obtain higher denitrification efficiency and operational reliability.
21
Duarte Moreira, Ana Paula, Marcia S. Sader, Gloria Dulce de Almeida Soares, and Maria Helena Miguez Rocha Leão. "pH Effect on the Dissolution Behavior of the Microspheres Containing Strontium Ranelate." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.315.
Анотація:
Strontium is known for efficient actions on bone formation and resorption. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a commercial drug which maintains this balance during bone turnover, reducing the risks of vertebral fractures in the patients. Calcium phosphate bioceramics associated with alginate matrices containing strontium (Sr) could improve bone regeneration due to gradual Sr release. In this report, the strontium ranelate was incorporated on microspheres of alginate (ALG)/β-tricalcium phosphate in a single route of the production. Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that strontium was incorporated on the surface of the microspheres produced. Thedissolution behaviour into a buffer solution at pH 4.0 and at 7.4 was evaluated, measuring Sr content on the microspheres after in vitro assays by atomic absorption spectrometry. Dissolution tests showed a rapid strontium release in both assays, however, it was more pronounced at pH 4.0. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the presence of a new precipitated phase at pH 7.4 up after 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy of the microspheres submitted to in vitro revealed that the microspheres at pH 4.0 buffer underwent erosion up to 7 days, while the ones in pH 7.4 buffer, eroded in 48h. This behaviour is due to the high swelling rate of the microspheres in neutral pH. The solubility of the microspheres favors its use as a great material for a local strontium release and remodeling bone.
22
Resende, Dayane Ferreira, Paula Frota Angheben, Soraya de Mattos Camargo Grossmann, Marcelo Ferreira Pinto Cardoso, Paulo Eduardo Alencar Souza, and Giovanna Ribeiro Souto. "Syphilis Diagnosis Based on Oral Manifestations: a Case Series." Journal of Health Sciences 25, no. 3 (October 25, 2023): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2023v25n3p159-163.
Анотація:
AbstractSyphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease that has shown a significant increase in its incidence in recent years, both in Brazil and around the world. The disease can be transmitted sexually (acquired) or congenitally. The main route of transmission of the disease is sexual. When not treated initially, the infection becomes systemic and, in many cases, exhibits manifestations in the oral mucosa, allowing the establishment of the diagnosis through confirmation by laboratory tests. The great variability of clinical presentations of its oral lesions may make its identification difficult, so it is essential to know the characteristics of syphilis for a correct diagnosis. The identification of oral manifestations can help in the early diagnosis, which is of great importance for the correct treatment of this infection, as if it is not treated in time, it can result in morbidity and even mortality. In this study, five cases of secondary syphilis with different clinical manifestations in the buccal region are presented. The etiopathogenesis, the evolution of the disease, the useful tests for diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The role of the dental surgeon is increasingly evident as part of a multidisciplinary healthcare team. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for orientation, reception, early identification of the lesions, and targeting a day of treatment of this infection. Keywords: Syphilis. Clinical Diagnosis. Oral Manifestations. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Resumo A sífilis é uma doença bacteriana sexualmente transmissível que tem apresentado aumento significativo em sua incidência nos últimos anos, tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo. Pode ser transmitida sexualmente (adquirida) ou de forma congênita. A principal via de transmissão da doença é sexual. Quando não tratada inicialmente, a infecção torna-se sistêmica e, em muitos casos, apresenta manifestações na mucosa oral, permitindo o estabelecimento do diagnóstico por meio da confirmação por exames laboratoriais. A grande variabilidade de apresentações clínicas de suas lesões bucais pode dificultar sua identificação, por isso é fundamental conhecer as características da sífilis para um diagnóstico correto. A identificação das manifestações bucais pode auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce, o que é de grande importância para o correto tratamento desta infecção, pois se não for tratada a tempo, pode resultar em morbidade e até mortalidade. Neste estudo, são apresentados cinco casos de sífilis secundária com diferentes manifestações clínicas na região bucal. A etiopatogenia, a evolução da doença, os testes úteis para o diagnóstico e tratamento são discutidos. O papel do cirurgião-dentista é cada vez mais evidente como parte de uma equipe multidisciplinar de saúde. Portanto, é preciso se preparar para orientação, acolhimento, identificação precoce das lesões e direcionamento de um dia de tratamento dessa infecção. Palavras-chave: Sífilis. Diagnóstico Clínico. Manifestações Bucais. Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis.
23
Granja, Claudia Patricia, Jimmy Morales, and Daniel Gerardo Silgado Cortazar. "Transition Metal Substituted Barium Hexaferrite-Modified Electrode: Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Acetaminophen." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642397mtgabs.
Анотація:
Acetaminophen also known as Paracetamol (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug, used mainly for the treatment of fever and headache [1]. Prolonged use or accumulation of this drug results in liver problems where it generates hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [2]. furthermore, the APAP is considered a potential water pollutant where the most-reported route of contamination is via unchanged excretion in urine and feces. In the actuality many new materials have been used to determination interes species implementing electrochemistry using variety of new nanomaterials, these materials show great sensibility when were implemented to modificated a electrodes [3]. The mixed metal oxides like M-type hexagonal ferrites are used in diferentes sensors on account of the magnetics propietis [4]. The oxides used in this study were synthesized through the methodology the citric combustion sol-gel route [5]. The synthesized ferrites were characterized by techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (DRX), Spectroscopic RAMAN, IR and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (FESEM). In this investigation, the electrochemical study was carried out for the quantification of APAP using the techniques of cyclic voltammetry and pulse voltammetry, whit a system of three electrodes: Ag/ AgCl electrode (reference electrode), Pt wire (counter electrode) and glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with nanoparticles of ferrites BaCo0.5Fe2O4 y Ba0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 (working electrode). In an electrochemical cell using 5 mL phosphate-buffered saline 0.1 M, pH = 2.50 as electrolytic measures. In addition to tests with commercial drugs that contain APAP and a real sample of urine [6]. In the electrodes modified with nanoparticles of ferrites, it showed higher current responses for the electrochemical oxidation of APAP than the bare electrode. This can be attributed to the presence of barium ferrites oxides modified with copper and cobalt. The best electroactivity was presented when the electrode modified with barium ferrites substituted with cobalt was used, obtaining a detection limit of 0.255 µM ± 0.005 µM, for barium ferrites substituted with copper and the bare electrode was obtained 0.577 µM ± 0.007 µM and 0.577 µM ± 0.007 µM, respectively. The urine sample was analyzed by the same method, obtaining minimum recovery percentages of 96.6% and 93.9 for the modified electrode with barium ferrites substituted with Cobalt and Copper, respectively. References [1] Andawiyah, R.; Mulyasuryani, A.; Sulistyarti, H. Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Fe3O4 Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020, 833, 012059. [2] Bao Y, Wang P, Shao X, Zhu J, Xiao J, Shi J, Zhang L, Zhu HJ, Ma X, Manautou JE, Zhong XB. Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Alters Expression and Activities of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in an Age-Dependent Manner in Mouse Liver. Drug Metab Dispos. 2020. 48. 326-336. [3] Gutes, A.; Calvo, D.; Cespedes, F.; del Valle, M. Automatic sequential injection analysis electronic tongue with integrated reference electrode for the determination of ascorbic acid, uric acid and paracetamol. Microchim. Acta 2007, 157, 1–6. [4] Song, F.; Shen, X.; Xiang, J.; Zhu, Y. Characterization and magnetic properties of BaxSr1 − xFe12O19 (x = 0 − 1)ferrite hollow fibers via gel-precursor transformation process. J. Alloy. Compd. 2010, 507, 297–301. [5] Sandra F Basante-Delgado, Dalliver González-Vidal, Jimmy A Morales-Morales, William A Aperador-Chaparro, Jairo A Gómez-Cuaspud. A preliminary study of oxides of Fe doped with Ba, Co, Cu and synthetized by the citrate sol–gel combustion route. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2020.1541 012013 [6] Granja-Banguera C.P, Silgado-Cortázar D.G, Morales-Morales J.A. Transition Metal Substituted Barium Hexaferrite-Modified Electrode: Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Acetaminophen. Molecules. 2022 27(5). 1550.
24
de Carvalho, Jamile Ambrósio, Ruan Campos Monteiro, Ferry Hagen, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, and Anderson Messias Rodrigues. "Trends in Molecular Diagnostics and Genotyping Tools Applied for Emerging Sporothrix Species." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2022): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080809.
Анотація:
Sporotrichosis is the most important subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and animals worldwide. The mycosis is caused after a traumatic inoculation of fungal propagules into the host and may follow an animal or environmental transmission route. The main culprits of sporotrichosis are thermodimorphic Sporothrix species embedded in a clinical clade, including S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, and S. luriei. Although sporotrichosis occurs worldwide, the etiological agents are not evenly distributed, as exemplified by ongoing outbreaks in Brazil and China, caused by S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, respectively. The gold standard for diagnosing sporotrichosis has been the isolation of the fungus in vitro. However, with the advance in molecular techniques, molecular assays have complemented and gradually replaced the classical mycological tests to quickly and accurately detect and/or differentiate molecular siblings in Sporothrix. Nearly all techniques available for molecular diagnosis of sporotrichosis involve PCR amplification, which is currently moving towards detecting Sporothrix DNA directly from clinical samples in multiplex qPCR assays. From an epidemiological perspective, genotyping is key to tracing back sources of Sporothrix infections, detecting diversity in outbreak areas, and thus uncovering finer-scale epidemiological patterns. Over the past decades, molecular epidemiological studies have provided essential information to policymakers regarding outbreak management. From high-to-low throughput genotyping methods, MLSA, AFLP, SSR, RAPD, PCR-RFLP, and WGS are available to assess the transmission dynamics and sporotrichosis expansion. This review discusses the trends in the molecular diagnosis of sporotrichosis, genotyping techniques applied in molecular epidemiological studies, and perspectives for the near future.
25
Paul, Debarati, Swarupa Mallick, Swati Das, Suman Saha, Ananta K. Ghosh, and Santi M. Mandal. "Colistin Induced Assortment of Antimicrobial Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii SD01." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 4 (October 16, 2020): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666190426153258.
Анотація:
Background: Colistin was considered as the most effective antibiotic against Acinetobacter baumannii, a widely-known opportunistic pathogen. In recent years, a number of colistin resistant strains have also been reported. Objective: This work is commenced to investigate the contribution of efflux pumps toward resistance to colistin-like cyclic polypeptide antibiotics, since the efflux pumps serve as the escape routes leading to drug-resistance. Methods: RNA was extracted from A. baumannii isolates cultured from samples procured by tracheal aspiration of infected patients. The expressions of gene(s) that played major roles in the regulation of efflux pump families and involvement of integron systems were studied using real time PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted to investigate antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Results: It was observed that genes coding for sugE, ydhE, ydgE, mdfA, ynfA and tolC significantly contributed to resistance against colistin antibiotics, however, no significant transcriptional change was observed in the efflux pump, MexAB-OprM. Results suggest that A. baumanii readily pumps out colistin via efflux pumps belonging to MATE and SMR family. Conclusion: Integral role of efflux pumps and integron 1 genetic system was elucidated towards evolution of multi-drug resistant strain(s). Therefore, for accurate therapeutics, an early detection of efflux genes is crucial before prescribing against colistin resistant A. baumanii.
26
Ngomo, Orléans, Joseph Sieliechi, and Etienne Dongo. "Impact of mineral and organic absorbent during the discoloration of avocado oil by comparing with olive oil." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 16, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v16i2.4.
Анотація:
Avocado is a versatile and valuable product. Its oil is comparable to olive oil in terms of nutritional quality. It can also be used in cosmetics, in particular, in soaps, shampoos and lotions. Despite all these important attributes that avocado has, it is highly perishable and coupled with the lack of farm-to-market roads, a lot of it is lost after harvest during the peak season. The introduction of methods that will transform avocado to products with a long shelf life and added value will go a long way to solving the problem of post-harvest losses and poverty. One of these methods is the production of avocado oil. In addition, in order to reduce the colour of the pigments without altering their quality, discoloration tests were carried out by adsorption on bleaching grounds (a montmorillonite, a kaolinite and activated carbon). The colour intensities of the oils before and after adsorption were determined using two complementary methods: a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a Konica Minolta spectrophotometer CM-5. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer show that the activated carbon has a best fixing capacity of the pigments; According to the Colorimetric parameters (CIE-Lab) the coordinates L* a* b* that showed brightness (L*) of the avocado oil was half of the olive oil (41.13±0.02 vs 84.85±0.02). The activated carbon was better in fixing the red (a*) (4.99±0.01vs 15.73±0.01 before adsorption) and yellow (b*) (63.71±0.09 vs 70.07±0.09 before adsorption) pigments, while the other two adsorbents have very little influence on the red colour of avocado oil.
RésuméL’avocat est un produit versatile et de grande valeur. Son huile est comparable à huile d’olive en terme de qualité nutritionnelle ; elle peut également être utilisée en cosmétique en occurrence dans les savons, champoings et lotions. En pleine saison, l’on fait face à une abondance des avocats dans les zones de production qui sont très souvent enclavées ; c’est ainsi que face aux difficultés de transport et les routes peu praticables pour l’importation, l’on se retrouve en train de perdre de très importantes quantités d’avocats après les récoltes. Or la production d’huile d’avocats permettrait de réduire les pertes post récolte, réduirait le chômage et permettrait de lutter contre la pauvreté après la vente des huiles extraites. De plus, dans le but de réduire les pigments colorés, des tests de décolorations effectués par adsorption sur des terres décolorantes (une montmorillonite en provenance de Maroua, une kaolinite en provenance de Douala et le charbon actif) sont effectués. Les couleurs des huiles mesurées avant et après adsorption à l’aide deux appareils complémentaires : Le spectrophotomètre UV-Vis et du Konica Minolta spectrophotomètre CM-5 montrent. Les analyses spectrophotométriques UV-Vis montrent que c’est le charbon activé qui présente la meilleure adsorption des pigments ; D’après les coordonnées L*a*b*, la clarté de l’huile d’avocat est pratiquement la moitié de celle de l’huile d’olive (41,13±0,02 contre 84,85±0,02), le charbon activé fixe mieux les pigments rouges (a*) (4,99±0,01 contre 15,73±0,01 avant adsorption) et jaunes (b*) (63,71±0,09 contre 70,07±0,09 après adsorption), tandis que les deux autres adsorbants influencent très peu sur la coloration des huiles.
27
Meziani, Z., H. Hassaine, and F. Belhachemi. "Infections of implantable cardiac devices by biofilm forming bacteria in western Algeria hospitals." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 21, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v21i4.5.
Анотація:
Background: The significant increase in the use of implantable cardiac devices (ICDs) has been accompanied by biofilm formation and increase rate of infection on the devices. The purpose of our study is to describe the clinical and microbiological findings of infection of ICDs in the cardiology units of western Algeria hospitals.
Methodology: All patients with clinical diagnosis of ICD infections or infective endocarditis upon removal of their ICDs from December 2012 to August 2014 in cardiology units of 4 Algerian hospitals were included in the study. Each element of the ICD pocket and lead was separately sonicated in sterile saline, inoculated onto Chapman and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37oC for colony count after 24 hours. Biochemical identification of the bacteria isolates was made by API 20E, API 20 NE and API Staph, and confirmed by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics WalkAway® 96 Plus System. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on each isolate was performed by the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Biofilm formation was detected by Congo Red Agar (CRA) and Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) methods, and hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell was determined by the MATH protocol.
Results: Over a period of twenty-one months, 17 ICDs were removed from patients with post-operative infections; 6 (35.3%) had early infection of ICD and 11 (64.7%) had late ICD infection. Fifty-four bacterial strains were isolated and identified, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the predominant bacteria with 46.3% (25/54). There was no significant association between hydrophobicity and antimicrobial resistance in the 54 isolates but there is positive correlation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance, with the strongest biofilm producers resistant to more than one antibiotic. Four independent predictors of infection of resynchronization devices were reported; reoperation, multi-morbidity, long procedure, and ICD implantation.
Conclusion: Our study is the first in Algeria to describe microbiological characteristics of ICD infection. The bacteria in the biofilm were protected, more resistant and tolerated high concentrations of antibiotics and thus played a major role in the development of ICD infections. Despite the improvements in ICD design and implantation techniques, ICD infection remains a serious challenge.
Keywords: implantable cardiac devices, staphylococci, resistance, biofilm, hydrophobicity
French title: Infections des dispositifs cardiaques implantables par des bactéries formant un biofilm dans les hôpitaux de l'ouest Algérien
Contexte: L'augmentation significative de l'utilisation des dispositifs cardiaques implantables est un risque majeur d'augmentation du taux d'infection et donc du risque de formation d'un biofilm sur ce genre de dispositifs. L'objectif de notre étude est de décrire les résultats cliniques et microbiologiques de l'infection sur les dispositifs cardiaques implantables (DCI) dans les unités de cardiologie des hôpitaux de l'ouest Algérien.
Méthodologie: Tous les patients cliniquement diagnostiqués avec une infection sur DCI, ou une endocardite infectieuse et ayant subit un retrait de leur dispositif cardiaque sont inclus dans cette étude et cela sur une période entre décembre 2012 et aout 2014 dans 4 unités de cardiologie. Chaque élément du DCI (boitier et sonde) est trempé séparément dans une solution saline stérile, ensemencé sur deux milieux de culture, un milieu de Chapman et un milieu MacConkey et incubé en aérobiose à 37°C pour la numération des colonies après 24 heures. L'identification biochimique des isolats de bactéries est effectuée par le API 20E, API 20 NE et API Staph, et confirmée par le système WalkAway® 96 Plus de Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. Les tests de sensibilité aux antibiotiques de chaque isolat sont effectués par la méthode de diffusion des disques sur gélose de Mueller Hinton. La formation d'un biofilm est détectée par les méthodes de la gélose rouge du Congo (CRA) et de la plaque de culture tissulaire (TCP), et l'hydrophobicité de la cellule bactérienne est déterminée par le protocole MATH.
Résultats: Sur une période de 21 mois, 17 DCI sont retirés de patients atteints d'infections postopératoires; 6 patients (35,3%) sont identifiés comme ayant une infection précoce sur leurs DCI et 11 patients (64,7%) ayant une infection tardive. Cinquante-quatre souches bactériennes sont isolées et identifiées, les staphylocoques à coagulase négative étant les bactéries prédominantes avec 46,3% (25/54). Il n'y a pas d'association significative entre l'hydrophobicité et la résistance aux antimicrobiens dans les 54 isolats, mais il existe une corrélation positive entre la production de biofilm et la résistance aux antimicrobiens, les plus puissants en biofilm sont résistant à plus d'un antibiotique. Quatre facteurs prédictifs indépendants d’infection des dispositifs cardiaques implantable sont retrouvés dans ce travail: ré-intervention, longue procédure, sujets multi-tarés, et implantation d’un DCI
Conclusion: Notre étude est la première en Algérie à décrire les caractéristiques microbiologiques de l'infection des DCI. Les bactéries présentes dans le biofilm sont protégées, plus résistantes et tolèrent de fortes concentrations d'antibiotiques et jouent ainsi un rôle majeur dans le développement des infections par DCI. Malgré des améliorations dans les techniques de conception et d'implantation de DCI, l'infection des dispositifs cardiaques implantables reste un problème grave et très couteux.
Mots-clés: dispositifs cardiaques implantables; staphylocoque; résistance; biofilm; hydrophobicité
28
Ströher, Jeferson Aloísio, Raquel Carvalho Machado Kamphorst, and Rosiele Lappe Padilha. "Detecção de resíduos de antibiótico de produtores do norte do Rio Grande do Sul." Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 8, no. 3 (December 23, 2022): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.83.247-257.
Анотація:
A legislação brasileira estabelece para o leite cru refrigerado, segundo a Instrução Normativa nº 77 (BRASIL, 2018), que em todos os tanques isotérmicos de leite, recebidos pela indústria, devem ser realizados testes de detecção de antibióticos (resíduos de produtos de uso veterinário). Estas análises são obrigatórias e devem ser analisados pelo menos dois grupos destes resíduos em cada recebimento de leite. Um leite com a presença destes contaminantes é prejudicial à saúde humana, podendo levar à resistência bacteriana a estas substâncias. O leite cru refrigerado, coletado pela indústria nas propriedades rurais, deve ser enviado mensalmente para análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas, com periodicidade mínima de pelo menos uma amostra mensal em laboratório credenciado da Rede Brasileira de Qualidade do Leite (RBQL). Tendo em vista que, presença de antibióticos no leite é de grande preocupação sanitária, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de resíduos de antibióticos dos grupos das sulfonamidas, fluoroquinolonas, beta-lactâmicos, cefalexina, tetraciclinas e quinolonas de sete transportadores de leite, totalizando 651 amostras de leite durante o mês de agosto de 2021, de uma indústria de beneficiamento de leite e derivados do norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado, foi observada a existência de um compartimento de uma rota de leite com a presença de fluoroquinolonas positiva, cujo leite foi condenado e descartado pela empresa. Palavras-chave: Resíduos de antibióticos; leite cru refrigerado; qualidade do leite; saúde pública.
AbstractDetection of antibiotic residues in refrigerated raw milk from producers in northern Rio Grande do SulBrazilian legislation establishes for raw refrigerated milk, according to Normative Instruction number 77 (BRASIL, 2018), that in all isothermal milk tanks, received by the industry, antibiotic detection tests (residues of products for veterinary use) must be performed. These analyses are mandatory and at least two groups of these residues must be analyzed in each milk receipt. Milk with the presence of these contaminants is harmful to human health, and can lead to bacterial resistance to these substances. The raw refrigerated milk, collected by the industry from rural properties, must be sent monthly for physical-chemical and microbiological analysis, with a minimum frequency of at least one monthly sample in an accredited laboratory of the Brazilian Milk Quality Network (RBQL). Considering that the presence of antibiotics in milk is a major health concern, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of antibiotic residues from sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, cephalexin, tetracyclines and quinolones groups in seven milk carriers, totaling 651 milk samples during the month of August 2021, from a milk processing industry in the north of Rio Grande do Sul. As a result, it was observed the existence of a compartment of a milk route with the presence of fluoroquinolones positive, whose milk was condemned and discarded by the company.Keywords: Antibiotic residues; raw chilled milk; milk quality; public health.
Resumen Detección de residuos de antibióticos en leche cruda refrigerada de productores del norte de Rio Grande do SulLa legislación brasileña establece para la leche cruda refrigerada, según la Instrucción Normativa nº 77 (BRASIL, 2018), que, en todos los tanques de leche isotérmica recibidos por la industria, se deben realizar pruebas de detección de antibióticos (residuos de productos de uso veterinario). Estos análisis son obligatorios y deben examinarse al menos dos grupos de estos residuos en cada recepción de leche. La leche que contiene estos contaminantes es perjudicial para la salud humana y puede provocar una resistencia bacteriana a estas sustancias. La leche cruda refrigerada recolectada por la industria en las propiedades rurales debe ser enviada mensualmente para análisis físico-químicos y microbiológicos, con una frecuencia mínima de una muestra mensual en un laboratorio acreditado de la Rede Brasileira de Qualidade do Leite (RBQL). Considerando que la presencia de antibióticos en la leche es de gran preocupación sanitaria, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de residuos de antibióticos de los grupos de las sulfonamidas, fluoroquinolonas, betalactámicos, cefalexina, tetraciclinas y quinolonas de siete transportadores de leche, totalizando 651 muestras durante el mes de agosto de 2021, provenientes de una industria procesadora de leche y derivados en el norte de Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado, se observó la existencia de un compartimento de una ruta láctea con presencia de fluoroquinolonas positivas, cuya leche fue condenada y descartada por la empresa.Palabras clave: Residuos de antibióticos; leche cruda refrigerada; calidad de la leche; salud pública.
29
Ajayi, A. A., G. O. Onipede, B. C. Okafor, K. A. Adepoju, and J. C. Nwabuenu. "Phenotypic identification of soil bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting an archaeological monument at Augustine University, Ilara Epe, southwest Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i4.7.
Анотація:
Background: The Sungbo Eredo Monument is an ancient public work with a system of defensive walls and ditches located in Eredo Local Council Development Area of Epe, Lagos State, southwest Nigeria. A huge section of the monument cuts through the Augustine University campus, forming two-sided vertical walls with a deep ridge in-between. The objective of this investigative study is to determine the microbial profile of soil samples from the monument in the University campus.
Methodology: Soil samples were collected from the topsoil at a depth of 7.5cm from four randomly selected points along the edge of the monument. The samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Biological Sciences of Augustine University for analysis. Samples were cultured on Nutrient agar (NA) and incubated aerobically for 24-48 hours for bacteria isolation and on Sabouraud’s Dextrose agar (SDA) for 72 hours for fungi isolation. Bacterial colonies on NA were preliminarily identified to genus level by Gram reaction and conventional biochemical test scheme for Gram-positive (catalase, coagulase, starch hydrolysis) and Gram-negative isolates (oxidase, urease test, indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer and sugar fermentation tests). Fungi colonies on SDA were identified using conventional macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics was done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: A total of twenty-three bacterial isolates in four genera; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cellobiococcus and Micrococcus and nine fungal isolates in three genera; Saccharomyces, Aspergillus and Botrytis were identified from the cultures. The bacterial isolates were sensitive (>50% sensitivity) to only gentamicin and ofloxacin, with 65.2% and 78.3% sensitivity rates respectively, while they were largely resistant to all other antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, erythromycin, cefuroxime, cloxacillin, ceftazidime and augmentin, with resistance rates of 65.2%, 65.2%, 73.9%, 82.6%, 86.9%, 91.3% respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this investigative study revealed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (mainly Gram-positive) and fungi on the archaeological monument of Augustine University, adding to the existing data on microbial spectrum of archaeological monuments that could be useful for unraveling human cultural habits and microbe-related human diseases. However, further studies on molecular identification of these microbial spectrum will be required to ascertain their genetic relatedness and ancestral phylogeny, which will be useful for archaeologists in their study of the Sungbo-Eredo ancestral monument.
French title: Identification phénotypique des communautés bactériennes et fongiques du sol habitant un monument archéologique à l'Université Augustine, Ilara Epe, sud-ouest du Nigeria
Contexte: Le monument Sungbo Eredo est un ancien ouvrage public doté d'un système de murs défensifs et de fossés situé dans la zone de développement du conseil local d'Eredo à Epe, dans l'État de Lagos, au sud-ouest du Nigéria. Une énorme section du monument traverse le campus de l'Université Augustine, formant des murs verticaux à deux côtés avec une crête profonde entre les deux. L'objectif de cette étude d'investigation est de déterminer le profil microbien d'échantillons de sol provenant du monument du campus universitaire.
Méthodologie: Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés dans la couche arable à une profondeur de 7,5 cm à partir de quatre points choisis au hasard le long du bord du monument. Les échantillons ont été transportés au laboratoire de microbiologie du Département des sciences biologiques de l'Université Augustine pour analyse. Les échantillons ont été cultivés sur gélose nutritive (NA) et incubés en aérobie pendant 24 à 48 heures pour l'isolement des bactéries et sur gélose au dextrose de Sabouraud's(SDA) pendant 72 heures pour l'isolement des champignons. Les colonies bactériennes sur NA ont été préalablement identifiées au niveau du genre par réaction de Gram et schéma de test biochimique conventionnel pour les isolats Gram-positif (catalase, coagulase, hydrolyse de l'amidon) et Gram-négatif (oxydase, test à l'uréase, indole, rouge de méthyle, Voges Proskauer et sucre essais de fermentation). Les colonies de champignons sur SDA ont été identifiées en utilisant des caractéristiques macroscopiques et microscopiques conventionnelles. Le test de sensibilité aux antibiotiques des isolats bactériens à des antibiotiques sélectionnés a été effectué en utilisant la méthode de diffusion sur disque de Kirby Bauer.
Résultats: Un total de vingt-trois isolats bactériens dans quatre genres; Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Cellobiococcus et Micrococcus et neuf isolats fongiques de trois genres; Saccharomyces, Aspergillus et Botrytis ont été identifiés à partir des cultures. Les isolats bactériens étaient sensibles (sensibilité >50%) uniquement à la gentamicine et à l'ofloxacine, avec des taux de sensibilité de 65,2 % et 78,3 % respectivement, alors qu'ils étaient largement résistants à tous les autres antibiotiques comme la ceftriaxone, l'érythromycine, la céfuroxime, la cloxacilline, la ceftazidime et l'augmentine avec des taux de résistance de 65,2%, 65,2%, 73,9%, 82,6%, 86,9%, 91,3% respectivement.
Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude d'investigation ont révélé la présence de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques (principalement à Gram positif) et de champignons sur le monument archéologique de l'Université Augustine, ajoutant aux données existantes sur le spectre microbien des monuments archéologiques qui pourraient être utiles pour démêler l'homme. les habitudes culturelles et les maladies humaines liées aux microbes. Cependant, d'autres études sur l'identification moléculaire de ces spectres microbiens seront nécessaires pour déterminer leur parenté génétique et leur phylogénie ancestrale, ce qui sera utile aux archéologues dans leur étude du monument ancestral Sungbo-Eredo.
30
María Teresa Dávila Narváez. "Inteligencia espiritual, violencia escolar y desarrollo integral." GACETA DE PEDAGOGÍA, no. 47 (November 23, 2023): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56219/rgp.vi47.2349.
Анотація:
El desarrollo humano integral es el principal propósito de la educación y lo que se evidencia en el ambiente escolar y en la dinámica social, pone en duda la eficiencia de los procesos educativos. Con el objetivo de verificar la relación que existe entre el desarrollo integral y la violencia escolar, y constituir una posible ruta de solución, se hizo una revisión documental de artículos, libros, tesis doctorales, ensayos, trabajos de investigación; encontrando que en los procesos educativos las necesidades de orden espiritual deben atenderse de forma prioritaria, considerando la cosmovisión pedagógica y curricular de las enseñanzas de Jesús como modelo pedagógico experiencial más idóneo, para garantizar la formación del ser. Se concluyó que el fortalecimiento de la inteligencia espiritual es indispensable para estimular el desarrollo humano integral, potencializando la autodisciplina, el autodominio, la autoconciencia, el manejo de las emociones, el amor, la compasión y la práctica de valores.
ABSTRACT
Integral human development is the main purpose of education and what is evident in the school environment and in social dynamics, questions the efficiency of educational processes. With the objective of verifying the relationship that exists between integral development and school violence, and constituting a possible solution route, a documentary review of articles, books, doctoral theses, essays, research papers was made; finding that in the educational processes the needs of a spiritual order must be attended as a priority, considering the pedagogical and curricular worldview of the teachings of Jesus as the most suitable experiential pedagogical model, to guarantee the formation of the being. It was concluded that the strengthening of spiritual intelligence is essential to stimulate integral human development, promoting self-discipline, self-control, self-awareness, management of emotions, love, compassion and the practice of values.
Key word: Integral human development; Spiritual dimension; Violence
RESUMO
O desenvolvimento humano integral é a finalidade principal da educação e o que se evidencia no ambiente escolar e na dinâmica social questiona a eficiência dos processos educativos. Com o objetivo de verificar a relação que existe entre o desenvolvimento integral e a violência escolar e constituir um possível caminho de solução, foi feita uma revisão documental de artigos, livros, teses de doutorado, ensaios, trabalhos de pesquisa; constatando que nos processos educativos devem ser atendidas prioritariamente as necessidades de ordem espiritual, considerando a mundividência pedagógica e curricular dos ensinamentos de Jesus como o modelo pedagógico vivencial mais adequado, para garantir a formação do ser. Concluiu-se que o fortalecimento da inteligência espiritual é essencial para estimular o desenvolvimento humano integral, promovendo a autodisciplina, o autocontrole, o autoconhecimento, o manejo das emoções, o amor, a compaixão e a prática de valores.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento humano integral; Dimensão espiritual; Violência
RÉSUMÉ
Le développement humain intégral est l'objectif principal de l'éducation et ce qui est évident dans l'environnement scolaire et dans la dynamique sociale remet en question l'efficacité des processus éducatifs. Dans le but de vérifier la relation qui existe entre le développement intégral et la violence à l'école, et de constituer une voie de solution possible, une revue documentaire d'articles, de livres, de thèses de doctorat, d'essais, de travaux de recherche a été réalisée ; constater que dans les processus éducatifs, les besoins d'un ordre spirituel doivent être pris en compte en priorité, en considérant la vision du monde pédagogique et curriculaire des enseignements de Jésus comme le modèle pédagogique expérientiel le plus approprié, pour garantir la formation de l'être. Il a été conclu que le renforcement de l'intelligence spirituelle est essentiel pour stimuler le développement humain intégral, favorisant l'autodiscipline, la maîtrise de soi, la conscience de soi, la gestion des émotions, l'amour, la compassion et la pratique des valeurs.
Mots clés: Développement humain intégral; Dimension spirituelle; Violence
31
Kurdel, Pavol, Natália Gecejová, Marek Češkovič, and Anna Yakovlieva. "Evaluation of the Success of Simulation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Precision Landing Provided by a Newly Designed System for Precision Landing in a Mountainous Area." Aerospace 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010082.
Анотація:
Unmanned aerial vehicle technology is the most advanced and helpful in almost every area of interest in human work. These devices become autonomous and can fulfil a variety of tasks, from simple imaging and obtaining data to search and rescue operations. The most challenging environment for search and rescue operations is the mountainous area. This article is devoted to the theoretical description and simulation tests of a prototype method of landing the light and the medium-weight UAVs used as supplementary devices for SAR (search and rescue) and HEMS (helicopter emergency medical service) in hard-to-reach mountainous terrains. The autonomous flight of a UAV in mountainous terrain has many specifics, and it is usually performed according to predetermined map points (pins) uploaded directly into the control software of the UAV. It is necessary to characterise each point flown on the chosen flight route line in advance and therefore to know its exact geographical coordinates (longitude, latitude and height of the point above the terrain), and the control system of UAV must react to the change in the weather and other conditions in real time. Usually, it is difficult to make this forecast with sufficient time in advance, mainly when UAVs are used as supplementary devices for the needs of HEMS or MRS (mountain rescue service). The most challenging phase is the final approach and landing of the UAV, especially if a loss of GNSS (global navigation satellite system) signal occurs, like in the determined area of the Little Cold Valley in the Slovak High Tatras—which is infamous for the widespread loss of GNSS signals or communication/controlling connection between the UAV and the pilot-operator at the operational station. To solve the loss of guidance, a new method for guiding and controlling the UAV in its final approach and landing in a determined area is tested. An alternative landing navigation system for UAVs in a specific mountainous environment—the authors’ designed frequency Doppler landing system (FDLS)—is briefly described but thoroughly tested with the help of artificial intelligence. An estimation of dynamic stability is used based on the time recording of the current position of the UAV, with the help of a frequency-modulated or amplitude-modulated signal based on the author’s prototype of a precision landing system designed for mountainous terrain. This solution could overcome the problems of GNSS signal loss. The presented research primarily evaluates the success of the simulation flights for the supplementary UAV. The success of navigating the UAV to land in the mountainous environment at an exact landing point using the navigation signals from the FDLS was evaluated at more than 95%.
32
FRANGIADAKI (Ε. Γ. ΦΡΑΓΚΙΑΔΑΚΗ), E., J. IKONOMOPOULOS (Ι. Α. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), C. BALASKAS (Χ. ΜΠΑΛΑΣΚΑΣ), and M. GAZOULI (Μ. ΓΑΖΟΥΛΗ). "Mycobacterial infections of fowl." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 57, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15017.
Анотація:
The significance of mycobacterial infections of birds may have been decreased considerably by the broad application of modern farming practices, but their study continues to be important with reference to fowl, animal and public health protection. Mycobacterial infections of birds are mainly caused by members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). This is divided into 28 serotypes that are grouped into species: serotypes 1 to 6, 8 to 11 and serotype 21 consist the M. avium subsp. avium (MA), serotypes 4 and 8 are also referred to as M. avium subsp. hominisuis, whereas serotypes 7, 12 to 20 and 22 to 28 consist the Mycobacterium intracellulare. Serotypes 1 to 3 of MA are the only ones that cause systemic tuberculosis in chickens. M. intracellulare and the rest of the serotypes that consist MA usually cause only focal tuberculous lesions. Recendy, another member of the Mycobacterium species, namely Mycobacterium genavense, has been added to those that can infect fowl. Cases of fowl mycobacteriosis have been reported from practically every place on earth. The disease usually enters a farm by carrier animals that excrete mycobacteria in their feces. The bacteria usually gain entrance into the host through the oral route and rarely through the upper respiratory tract. Sporadic incidences of sudden death, loss of weight and drop of egg production consist evidence of fowl mycobacteriosis in a farm. Clinical symptoms can also result from infection of the intestine, bones, lung or the skin. Tuberculous lesions located in the viscera and more significandy the bone marrow, when revealed during post-mortem examination, consist pathognomonic findings. The diagnostic investigation of mycobacterial infections in the laboratory usually relies on serology, the microscopic examination of fecal smears and culture that continues to consist the method of reference. These are nowadays implemented by specific Molecular Biology methods, the most broadly applied of which is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cultivation of clinical material for the isolation of mycobacteria begins with the decontamination of the sample that aims to neutralize the bacteria that would over grow mycobacteria. The product is then inoculated onto selective media. Those that are commonly incorporated to the cultivation of MAC are Lowenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11. Incubation is performed in 5-10% carbon dioxide atmosphere for no less than 4-6 weeks. Identification of colonies relies on biochemical tests or PCR that can decrease substantially the time required for a definite result. Identification of MAC by PCR is usually performed by targeting the following genomic regions: 16S rRNA, hsp65, IS 1245 and IS901. For M. genavense, that is genetically very closely related to MA, PCR is usually incorporated for the amplification of a region within the gene that codes 65kDa heat shock protein, proceeded by the digestion of the amplification product with the restriction endonuclease, SaR.
33
Aguayo Vistín, Johan, Daniel Acosta Farina, Vicente Salinas Salinas, and Carolina Santamaria Proaño. "Evaluar el uso de la terapia de presión negativa de heridas (TPNH) en el manejo inicial del onfalocele gigante en comparación con otros tipos de tratamientos." Más Vita 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47606/acven/mv0131.
Анотація:
Introducción. El onfalocele es un defecto en la línea media de la pared abdominal que puede ser de tamaño variable; sin embargo, los gigantes han sido un reto para los cirujanos pedíatras en su tratamiento inicial. Objetivo: Demostrar que la Terapia de presión negativa de heridas es una alternativa segura para el manejo inicial del onfalocele gigante. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio de tipo relacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, analizando las historias clínicas de los pacientes neonatos sometidos a diferentes tipos de tratamiento desde enero del 2015 hasta diciembre del 2021, se recolectaron los datos en una plantilla y se procesaron en el programa estadístico EPI INFO, desarrollándose la prueba de ?2, para observar la asociación entre variables, análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey para una determinada variable. Resultados: La terapia de presión negativa de heridas (TPNH) es superior en cuanto a menor tiempo de ventilación mecánica y disminución de complicaciones tardías con valor de p= 0.014 y un valor de p=0.012 respectivamente; no así en cuanto a inicio de la vía enteral, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad, donde no hubo significancia estadística al compararse entre los 3 grupos de estudio. Conclusión: Los datos recopilados en el presente estudio, consideran que es muy positivo tener la opción de la terapia de presión negativa de heridas (TPNH) para el tratamiento inicial del onfalocele; siendo importante destacar que es una alternativa segura en el manejo de defectos grandes. Además de su fácil colocación y su mínima manipulación es muy tolerado en pacientes con morbilidades concomitantes.
SUMMARY
Introduction: An omphalocele is a midline wall defect abdominal which can be variable in size; however, the giants have been a challenge for pediatric surgeons in its initial treatment. Objective: Demonstrate that Negative Pressure Wound Therapy is an alternative safe for initial management of giant omphalocele. Materials and methods: It developed a relational, descriptive, retrospective study, analyzing clinical histories of neonatal patients subjected to different types of treatment from January 2015 to December 2021, the data were collected data in a template and processed in the statistical program EPI INFO, developing the ?2 test, to observe the association between variables, analysis of variance and Tukey's tests for a certain variable. Results: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is superior in the shorter time of mechanical ventilation and decreased late complications with a value of p= 0.014 and a value of p=0.012 respectively; not so with regard to the start of the enteral route, stay hospital and mortality, where there was no statistical significance at be compared between the 3 study groups. Conclusion: The data collected in the present study, they consider that it is very positive to have the option of Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for the initial treatment of omphalocele; It is important to note that it is a safe alternative in the handling of large defects. In addition to its easy placement and minimal manipulation is well tolerated in patients with concomitant morbidities.
34
Pereira, Jamile Daltro, Anne Kerlly Brito da Silva, and José De vasconcelos Carvalho Júnior. "Natural childbirth x cesarean sections: choice or necessity?" Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 4 (May 22, 2011): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1302-9310-1-le.0504201120.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze aspects related to the preferred route of delivery among pregnant women in the city of Arcoverde. Methodology: this is a cross sectional and descriptive study compared with 71 pregnant women by addressing the basic health units (BHU) in the period from November to December, 2009. The sample was chosen for the convenience for its size, with a confidence interval of 95% and using the chi-square. Data were collected through interviews with the studied population at UBS, with a form that established relationship with the variables. The project was appraised and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Educational Authority of Belo Jardim – AEB, under the Protocol 41_2009. Results: from the pregnant women studied, 63% preferred vaginal delivery; the majority reported it was due to the faster recovery; 37% reported a preference for surgical delivery due to the chance of tubal ligation. Conclusion: It can be seen that, even with the prevailing choice for vaginal delivery, the rate of preference for cesarean delivery was still high when compared to the percentage given by the World Health Organization . We also observed that, during prenatal sessions, most pregnant women did not obtain information and guidance about the importance of normal birth. Descriptors: delivery, obstetric; patient satisfaction; natural childbirth, reproductive medicine. RESUMOObjetivo: analisar aspectos relacionados à preferência pela via de parto entre as gestantes do município de Arcoverde. Metodologia: estudo transversal e descritivo abordando comparativamente 71 gestantes usuárias das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) no período de novembro a dezembro de 2009. Escolheu-se a amostra por conveniência para seu tamanho com intervalo de confiança de 95% utilizando o teste qui-quadrado. Os dados foram coletados no através de entrevista com a população em estudo na UBS, com formulário que estabeleceu relação com as variáveis. O projeto foi apreciado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Autarquia Educacional de Belo Jardim – AEB, sob o protocolo nº 41_2009. Resultados: das gestantes estudadas, 63% preferiam o parto vaginal e a maioria relatou ser devido à recuperação mais rápida; 37% relataram a preferência pelo parto cirúrgico devido à oportunidade de laqueadura. Conclusão: Pode-se constatar que, mesmo prevalecendo a escolha pelo parto normal, a taxa de preferência por cesariana ainda foi alta tendo em vista o percentual da OMS. Observou-se também que no pré-natal a maioria das gestantes não obtinha informação e orientação acerca da importância do parto normal. Descritores: parto obstétrico; satisfação do paciente; parto normal; medicina reprodutiva.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar los aspectos relacionados con la ruta preferida de parto entre las mujeres embarazadas en la ciudad de Arcoverde. Metodología: estudio transversal y descriptivo, fueron comparados 71 mujeres embarazadas abordando las unidades básicas de salud (UBS) en el período de noviembre a diciembre de 2009. Fue elegido para el tamaño de muestra de conveniencia con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, utilizando la prueba chi-cuadrado. Los datos fueron colectados a través de entrevistas con la población de estudio de UBS, con la forma que establece la relación con las variables. El proyecto fue evaluado y aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Autoridad para la Educación de Belo Jardim – AEB, en el marco del Protocolo 41_2009. Resultados: de las gestantes estudiadas, el 63% prefiere el parto vaginal, la mayoría informó que, debido a una recuperación más rápida, el 37% informó de una preferencia por el parto quirúrgico, debido a la posibilidad de la ligadura de trompas. Conclusión: se puede observar que incluso la elección predominante para el parto vaginal, la tasa de preferencia por el parto por cesárea sigue siendo elevada teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje de la OMS. También se observó que las mujeres embarazadas en el prenatal no obtuvieron la información y orientación acerca de la importancia del parto normal. Descriptores: entrega de parto; satisfacción del paciente; medicina del parto; la reproducción.
35
Jouhar, Myriam, Pauline Melly, and Alexia Trombert. "Création d’un prototype de jeu sérieux sur la gestion des données de la recherche." Revue électronique suisse de science de l'information (RESSI), no. 23 (February 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.55790/journals/ressi.2023.e1093.
Анотація:
Les professionnel-le-s de l'information travaillant en bibliothèque académique sont désormais régulièrement amené-e-s à accompagner des chercheurs et chercheuses dans la gestion de leurs données de recherche. Dans le but d'offrir à ces professionnel-le-s une formation introductive sur cette thématique, nous avons conçu et testé un prototype de jeu sérieux. Ce projet a été réalisé dans le cadre du Master en Sciences de l'information à la Haute école de gestion de Genève.
Méthode : Notre méthodologie s’inspire de deux modèles de conception de jeux sérieux. Elle s'articule en trois étapes : (1) la phase de définition, qui présente les résultats de l'analyse des besoins, l'exploration de l'existant et le dispositif de formation ; (2) la production du prototype et les tests effectués ; (3) l'accompagnement et l'évaluation.
Résultats : Le jeu proposé, « Mission GDR : ultime quête avant les fêtes » est inspiré de la série de jeux d'évasion en boîte « Unlock ». Il s'agit d'un jeu collaboratif pour 1 à 4 participant-e-s dont l'objectif est de compléter une feuille de route représentant le cycle de vie des données et les tâches qui s'y rapportent. Cette feuille, accompagnée d'un guide complémentaire rappelant la théorie abordée dans le jeu, peut ensuite être réutilisée comme ressource dans la pratique professionnelle des joueuses et joueurs.
Discussion : Les tests effectués auprès de personnes aux profils divers démontrent que le jeu est apprécié pour ses aspects ludiques tout en offrant un apport théorique introductif. Initialement prévu pour les professionnel-le-s de l'informations, il pourrait également être proposé à d'autres personnes concernées par la gestion des données, notamment des équipes de recherche. Conçu pour être indépendant d’une session de formation, il est cependant tout à fait envisageable de l’intégrer dans un tel programme.
36
Bartolomeu, RF, JA Bragada, N. Casanova, J. Casanova, and MJ Costa. "¿Pueden las pruebas de laboratorio y de campo ser complementarias para definir el esfuerzo fisiológico por las rutas de Sierra da Estrella?" SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, February 5, 2020, 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/sportk.413251.
Анотація:
Introducción: La clasificación actual de las rutas de senderismo utilizando una combinación entre testes de laboratorio y de campo es inexistente. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar una única ruta en una base fisiológica, para dar a los practicantes una visión más profunda sobre las demandas energéticas. Metodología: Veintinueve sujetos experimentaron un sendero de 11 km. La velocidad y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) se monitorizaron continuamente. En un día separado, todos los sujetos se sometieron a una prueba intermitente y progresiva en una cinta de correr para medir tanto la FC como el consumo de oxígeno (VO2). Se calcularon las regresiones lineales entre la FC neta (FCnet) y la %VO2 reserva. Resultados: Los coeficientes de determinación medios fueron muy altos (R2 = 0.98). Los valores medios calculados de %VO2res para esta ruta fueron del 42%. Conclusiones: esta ruta mostró ser adecuada para quienes buscan caminatas de intensidad leve a moderada. Al caminar a diferentes velocidades en esta ruta o en rutas redondas similares, se puede usar la fórmula %VO2res = 0.64 + 0.77 * FCnet para evaluar la intensidad de la caminata. La complementariedad de las pruebas de campo y de laboratorio demostró ser útil y confiable para definir las exigencias energéticas de la caminata. Background: The current classification of the hiking trails using an agreement between lab and field test is inexistent. The aim of this study was to characterize a single route in a physiological basis. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects underwent a 11km hike. The velocity and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. In a separate day, all subjects underwent a laboratory test to measure both HR and Oxygen uptake (VO2). Linear regressions between net HR (HRnet) vs %VO2 reserve were computed. Results: The mean coefficients of determination were very high (R2=0.98). The calculated %VO2reserve mean values for this route were 42%. Conclusions: This route elicited light-to-moderate intensities. When hiking in this or in similar round routes, the formula %VO2reserve=0.64+0.77*HRnet can be used to assess the hiking intensity. The complementarity of the field and lab tests proved to be useful and reliable in defining the energetic demands of the hike.
37
Admin, Admin, MOIFO Boniface, MOULION TAPOUH Jean Roger, MAGNY TIAM Éric, Joshua TAMBE, TAGNI SARTRE Michel, and TAGNI ZUKAM David. "Gestion de l’épidémie à covid-19 : retour d’expérience dans un centre d’imagerie médicale en Afrique Subsaharienne (Yaoundé, Cameroun)." Journal Africain d'Imagerie Médicale (J Afr Imag Méd). Journal Officiel de la Société de Radiologie d’Afrique Noire Francophone (SRANF). 12, no. 3 (December 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.55715/jaim.v12i3.120.
Анотація:
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China). It has a contagiousness rate of 2, with predominantly direct human-to-human transmission via the respiratory route with contaminated droplets or indirectly via the hands through contaminated surfaces. The virus quickly spread around the world, causing a COVID-19 pandemic to trigger a global health crisis. The clinical forms are variable ranging from asymptomatic forms to critical fatal forms. The typical forms produce a flu-like respiratory infectious syndrome, but all systems can be affected. Early diagnosis and management are a major prognostic issue and a necessity to stem the spread of the disease. The lack of PCR tests and the delays in obtaining PCR results quickly put medical imaging at the center of management with the ct-scan as part of the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of lung damage. The imaging departments were therefore overwhelmed by the influx of patients. A reorganization of activities was essential to cope with the setting up of a patient-covid circuit, examination and reports protocols of thorax-covid ct-scans, procedures for prevention and decontamination of equipment, etc. We report the experience of a medical imaging center in Yaoundé (Cameroon). The chest CT scan played a central role in triage of emergency patients, identifying the extent of lung lesions well correlated with the clinical severity of the disease, giving a CO-RADS probability score, and looking for signs of severity or pulmonary embolism in some cases. The characteristic abnormalities of COVID-19 lung disease on CT were: bilateral, peripheral subpleural, often posterior and basal ground glass opacities, more or less associated with Crazy paving images or alveolar consolidations. The CT scan also allow to make the differential diagnoses in a context where any respiratory manifestation was suspected of infection with covid-19, with a lot of confusion and anguish. RESUME Le SARS-CoV-2 est un nouveau coronavirus apparu en décembre 2019 à Wuhan (Province de Hubei, Chine). Il a un taux de contagiosité de 2, avec une transmission principalement interhumaine directe par voie respiratoire via des gouttelettes contaminées ou par voie indirecte via les mains contaminées. Ce virus s’est rapidement propagé dans le monde entier réalisant une pandémie à COVID-19 à l’origine d’une crise sanitaire mondiale. Les formes cliniques sont variables allant des formes asymptomatiques à des formes critiques mortelles. Les formes typiques réalisent un syndrome infectieux à point d’appel respiratoire mais tous les systèmes peuvent être affectés. Le diagnostic et la prise en charge précoces sont un enjeu pronostique majeur et une nécessité pour endiguer la propagation de la maladie. Le manque de disponibilité des tests PCR et les délais d’obtention des résultats de la PCR ont rapidement mis le scanner au centre de la prise en charge comme élément de diagnostic et d’évaluation de la sévérité des atteintes pulmonaires. Les services d’imagerie se sont donc retrouvés submergés par l’afflux des patients. Une réorganisation des activités a été indispensable pour faire face avec la mise sur pied d’un circuit patient-covid, des protocoles d’examens et de comptes rendus des scanner thorax-covid, des procédures de préventions et de décontamination du matériel…Nous rapportons l’expérience d’un centre d’imagerie médicale à Yaoundé (Cameroun). Le scanner thoracique a joué un rôle central dans le triage des patients en urgence, précisant l’extension des lésions pulmonaires bien corrélée à la sévérité clinique de la maladie, donnant un score de probabilité CO-RADS, et recherchant les signes de gravité ou d’embolie pulmonaire dans certains cas. Les anomalies caractéristiques de pneumopathie à COVID-19 au scanner étaient : des plages de verre dépoli bilatérales, périphériques sous-pleurales, souvent postérieures et basales, plus ou moins associées à des images en Crazy paving ou des condensations alvéolaires. Le scanner permettait également de faire les diagnostics différentiels dans un contexte où toute manifestation respiratoire était suspecte d’infection à covid-19, avec beaucoup de confusion et d’angoisse.
38
Bamba, Ladji. "Contrôles techniques des automobiles à Abidjan et manœuvres illégales." Criminologie, Forensique et Sécurité 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cfs.2023.4088.
Анотація:
La fraude est disséminée dans tout le corps social ivoirien et les visites techniques automobiles ne sont pas exemptées. Comment se fait-il que des engins dont la qualité technique reste à désirer se retrouvent dans le parc automobile et sur les routes abidjanaises ? Nous posons l’hypothèse que le processus d’évaluation des automobiles en Côte d’Ivoire est émaillé d'irrégularités. En effet, selon le ministère chargé du transport de 2006 à 2021, les accidents sont liés à 6% aux facteurs de mauvais états des véhicules et du réseau routier. Les études montrent que les accidents routiers créent un problème économique, des cas d'invalidités et des conséquences tragiques pour la population ivoirienne, en moyenne 600 morts et 13 000 blessés chaque année. Le ministre responsable du transport a dit en 2021 que 40 % des décès sur les routes se passent autour du district d'Abidjan. Les résultats obtenus auprès de structures privées concessionnaires, des usagers d'où est tiré l'échantillon de l’étude, montrent l'existence du phénomène à Abidjan. Sur 150 répondants, 120 ont reconnu que les visites techniques auto montrent des irrégularités dans les tests. Cependant, tout le monde s'en tire à bon compte.
39
Bennion, Douglas M., Jacob D. Isenberg, Alex N. Dang, Chad H. Jones, Justin T. Graham, Ulrike M. Steckelings, and Colin Sumners. "Abstract WMP84: Intranasal Trans-olfactory Delivery of the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Agonist Compound 21 is Neuroprotective in Ischemic Stroke." Stroke 48, suppl_1 (February 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wmp84.
Анотація:
Background: Compound 21 (C21), a selective small-molecule angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, has been proven in multiple preclinical studies to reduce infarct size and ameliorate neurological deficits, when administered after ischemic stroke via intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal routes. However, C21 poorly penetrates the blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we used the novel and non-invasive approach of intranasal trans-olfactory (INTO) application, in order to bypass the BBB and deliver C21 directly into the brain. The therapeutic efficacy of INTO application of C21 was assessed in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: (i) Male SD rats (12 weeks old) underwent ischemic stroke by endothelin-1-induced MCAO. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups, either receiving 0.9% saline or C21 (1.5 ug/kg) at 1.5, 4, 24 and 48 h post-stroke, using a rat intranasal catheter device (Impel Neuropharma, Seattle, WA) for INTO application. All rats underwent blinded neurological assessments at 4, 24 and 72 h after stroke, and immediately after the 72 h tests, were euthanized and cerebral infarct volumes were assessed by TTC staining. (ii) Male SD rats (12 weeks old) underwent implantation of a telemetry transducer (DSI, St. Paul, MN) into the abdominal aorta for measurement of blood pressure, heart rate and locomotor activity after INTO C21 (1.5 ug/kg) vs. 0.9% saline at baseline and post-ischemic stroke. Results: (i) Post-stroke INTO delivery of C21 (1.5 ug/kg) elicited a significant lowering of % cerebral infarct volume (25.4 ± 4.7; n=9) compared with saline-treated rats (48.4 ± 4.4; n=21) [p<0.05; two-way Mann-Whitney test]. The C21 (1.5 ug/kg)-treated rats also displayed highly significant improvements in Garcia and Bederson neurological scores (p<0.01; two-way Mann-Whitney test]. (ii) INTO delivery of C21 (1.5 ug/kg) either in naïve rats (n=7), or in rats post-stroke (n=4), did not significantly alter baseline blood pressure, heart rate and locomotor activity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate, that INTO delivery of C21 exerts protective effects after ischemic stroke. These studies suggest INTO administration as potential future route of application of C21 to stroke patients.
40
Nandwani, Jaan, Diandra Adu-Kyei, Madeline Penn, Salonee Shah, Connor M. Davy, J. D. Mocco, Mandip S. Dhamoon, Nathalie Jette, and Laura K. Stein. "Abstract TMP18: Real-World Challenges in US Thrombectomy Transfers: Difficulty Finding an Accepting Hospital, Prolonged Travel, and Differing Perceptions of Transfer Requirements." Stroke 55, Suppl_1 (February 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.55.suppl_1.tmp18.
Анотація:
Introduction: Transfers can improve access to endovascular thrombectomy (ET). However, benefit is highly time-dependent and transferred patients experience poorer outcomes. We assessed perceptions of transfers processes between sending and receiving hospitals. Methods: We utilized an ongoing 2023 nationwide US electronic survey of hospitals that treat stroke patients with revascularization therapy and have publicly available contact information. Respondents were stroke directors or coordinators. Survey items analyzed included questions on certification status, transfer processes, volumes, times, delays, and requirements for transfers. We performed cross-sectional analyses of hospitals that send/receive ET transfers. We used descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests to compare sending and receiving cohorts. Results: Of 144 responding hospitals at the time of analysis, 70.1% (n=101) receive and 29.9% (n=43) send ET transfers. Most (76.2%) receiving hospitals are comprehensive stroke centers and most (95.3%) sending hospitals primary stroke centers (p<0.05). Only 39.5% of sending hospitals send ≥20 transfers annually vs. 64.4% of receiving hospitals that receive ≥20. More than 1/2 send/receive transfers to/from facilities >60 miles away, and 50% pass a closer capable hospital en route. Average door-in-door out time is >90 minutes for 51.2% of sending hospitals, and 35.0% spend >50% of this time on non-care coordination. Concerningly, 34.9% of sending hospitals are sometimes/always unable to find an accepting hospital. Perceptions of requirements for transfer vary between receiving and sending hospitals: 30.7% vs. 76.7% require large vessel occlusion confirmation, 1% vs. 14% perfusion imaging and 14.9% vs. 32.6% an available bed prior to transfer (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this real-world sample, transfers are common, perceptions of requirements for transfer differ, and there are actionable delays. Concerningly, sending hospitals are often unable to find an accepting hospital and closer hospitals are frequently passed en route. Future interventions could standardize and provide oversight of regional stroke systems of care.
41
Astarita, Claudia, and Matteo Marconi. "Reading Spykman in Beijing." L’Espace Politique 49-50 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11r69.
Анотація:
Cet article teste la pertinence de la théorie du Rimland de Nicholas J. Spykman pour expliquer la logique de l’initiative chinoise de la Ceinture et de la Route (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI). Ce test apparait comme particulièrement approprié puisque la BRI s’étend sur le tracé géographique du Rimland. Une critique de la théorie du Rimland soulignant l’importance de mélanger des éléments réalistes et culturels est proposée pour expliquer dans quelle mesure ce cadre datant des années 1930 et 1940 peut élucider la posture stratégique de l’initiative chinoise. L’article utilise le cadre théorique de Spykman pour illustrer l’attitude de la Chine dans la région ainsi que ses ambitions potentielles de domination. Il élucide également les tendances déclenchées par la force centrifuge et centripète exercée par la Chine en tant que puissance émergente, en supposant l’impossibilité par les autres puissances régionales d’ignorer ces changements, ainsi que les nouvelles formes d’endiguement et d’alignement en train de se matérialiser dans la zone. D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’article s’appuie sur la littérature existante sur la BRI, en prenant en considération les auteurs chinois et non chinois afin d’identifier les forces et les faiblesses des deux approches. L’analyse montre jusqu’à quel point le paradigme Spykmanien permet de comprendre la logique et la dynamique de la BRI, ainsi que les limites liées à l’utilisation de la géopolitique classique pour comprendre la Chine.
42
Sanchez, Victoria A., Michelle L. Arnold, Joshua F. Betz, Nicholas S. Reed, Sarah Faucette, Elizabeth Anderson, Sheila Burgard, et al. "Description of the Baseline Audiologic Characteristics of the Participants Enrolled in the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Study." American Journal of Audiology, January 2, 2024, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2023_aja-23-00066.
Анотація:
Purpose: The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study is a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effects of a best-practice hearing intervention versus a successful aging health education control intervention on cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with untreated mild-to-moderate hearing loss. We describe the baseline audiologic characteristics of the ACHIEVE participants. Method: Participants aged 70–84 years ( N = 977; M age = 76.8) were enrolled at four U.S. sites through two recruitment routes: (a) an ongoing longitudinal study and (b) de novo through the community. Participants underwent diagnostic evaluation including otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone and speech audiometry, speech-in-noise testing, and provided self-reported hearing abilities. Baseline characteristics are reported as frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables or medians (interquartiles, Q1–Q3) for continuous variables. Between-groups comparisons were conducted using chi-square tests for categorical variables or Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables. Spearman correlations assessed relationships between measured hearing function and self-reported hearing handicap. Results: The median four-frequency pure-tone average of the better ear was 39 dB HL, and the median speech-in-noise performance was a 6-dB SNR loss, indicating mild speech-in-noise difficulty. No clinically meaningful differences were found across sites. Significant differences in subjective measures were found for recruitment route. Expected correlations between hearing measurements and self-reported handicap were found. Conclusions: The extensive baseline audiologic characteristics reported here will inform future analyses examining associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline. The final ACHIEVE data set will be publicly available for use among the scientific community. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24756948
43
Dong, Henry, Lisa Firestone, Victor Shen, Heather Field, Denise Gaffney, Pamela Cheng, Shayandokht Taleb, Zahra Ajani, and Navdeep S. Sangha. "Abstract WP62: Skilled Nursing Facilities As A Bridge For Acute Rehabilitation In Acute Stroke Patients Who Are Not Immediate Candidates For Intensive Therapy." Stroke 54, Suppl_1 (February 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp62.
Анотація:
Background: Rehabilitation after hospital discharge is an essential component of stroke recovery. However, many stroke patients are not immediately ready for an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility (IRF) after hospital discharge because of poor endurance, weakness, cognitive status, or medical condition. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of skilled nursing facilities (SNF) as a bridge to improve the number of post-stroke IRF admissions, and better understand the factors that allow transfer from a SNF to IRF by assessing differences between patients who are discharged from a SNF with vs. without an IRF referral. Methods: We included subjects with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intracerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to an urban CSC and discharged to a SNF from 1/2015 to 12/2021. Baseline demographics including gender, race, age, and risk factors were abstracted. Data were retrieved from both our EMR and Get With the Guidelines Stroke Database. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and chi square tests were used to analyze the data. Results: 1120 patients with a stroke diagnosis were discharged to a SNF, of which 173 (15%) received an IRF referral after SNF discharge. Nine to 19% (mean=15, SD=3) of SNF patients received an IRF referral between 2015 and 2021. Patients with an IRF referral were younger (mean age: 61.90, SD=14.05 vs 73.09, SD=12.12; p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in length of stay, discharge mRS, and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, heart failure, and smoking. Men more frequently received an IRF referral (20% vs 11%, p < 0.0001). Racial differences in referral patterns were not significant (p = 0.19). Conclusions: SNFs are an effective bridge between the hospital and IRF settings, given that 15% of all stroke patients discharged to a SNF were ultimately referred to an IRF. SNFs should be considered as an alternate route for post-stroke patients who are not immediately ready for IRFs after hospital discharge but may still benefit from IRF therapy.
44
Fukuda, Yutaka, Nobutaka Horie, Katsuya Satoh, Shunsuke Ishizaka, Takeshi Hiu, Noriyuki Nishida, and Izumi Nagata. "Abstract W P95: Assessment of the Optimal Cell Number for the Trans-arterial Transplantation after Stroke in Rat." Stroke 45, suppl_1 (February 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.wp95.
Анотація:
Introduction and Purpose: Recently, cell transplantation have emerged as a promising treatment option for cerebral infarction in various kinds of animal models. However, optimal conditions (cell number, timing of cell transplantation, optimal route of delivery, best source of cells) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the optimal cell number for trans-arterial transplantation after stroke. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (75 min.). At 24 hours post-stroke, we transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) via carotid artery. The animals were divided into three groups, 1х10 6 hMSCs transplantation (n=8), 1х10 6 hMSCs transplantation (n=8) , and vehicle (n=8). Neurological recovery was assessed using modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and cylinder tests at day 0, 1, 2, 5 and 9 post-stroke in addition to body weight, lesion size, immune response, and hMSC distribution. Results: Rats treated with 1х10 6 hMSCs improved neurological recovery at day 5 (P<0.05), and day 9 post-stroke (P<0.05). Moreover, rats treated with 1х10 6 hMSCs cells showed further improvement at day 5 (P<0.01), and day 9 (P<0.05) compared with vehicle group. Transplantation of hMSCs (1х10 4 ,1х10 6 ) significantly showed less body weight loss at day 8 and 9 post-stroke (P<0.01), and revealed smaller lesion size at day 9 post-stroke (P<0.05). Interestingly, hMSC treated (1х10 4 , 1х10 6 ) animals showed better engraftment of cells in the peri-infarct area, where immune response was significantly supressed (P<0.05). Conclusion: We found that trans-arterial transplantation with small amount of hMSCs could be sufficient to show functional recovery after stroke. These findings provide new information about optimizing cell number in trans-arterial transplantation after stroke, which is much beneficial especially for autologous transplantation.
45
Panagos, Peter, Andria L. Ford, Jennifer A. Williams, Naim Khoury, Tomoko Sampson, Craig McCammon, and Jin-Moo Lee. "Abstract 175: Applying Toyota Lean Manufacturing Principles to Stroke Care: Accelerating Door-to-Needle times." Stroke 43, suppl_1 (February 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a175.
Анотація:
Background: Recent analysis of National Get-with-the-Guidelines data has shown that less than one third of all patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) had door-to-needle times (DTN) within the ‘Golden Hour’ recommended by current guidelines. Accumulating evidence indicates that shorter DTN is associated with improved outcomes. In March 2011, we began a fundamental transformation, employing Toyota Lean manufacturing principles to improve Emergency Department (ED) DTN in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving IV tPA. Methods: A multi-disciplinary team of ED physicians, Neurologists, Radiologists, Nurses, Patient Care Technologists, Radiology Technologists and Lean Performance Management Engineers critically analyzed the chain of events required to evaluate and treat AIS patients with intravenous tPA. A “current state” value stream Map (VSM) was created to identify barriers and inefficiencies in the process. To address the identified inefficiencies, a “future state” VSM was created and implemented. Time metrics were prospectively collected prior to and after implementation of the “future state” VSM. Results: The “current state” VSM identified several barriers to rapid evaluation for treatment, including: 1) Inefficient patient flow, requiring patients to be routed by EMS to an ED room, then to CT, then back to the room; 2) Redundant procedures (patient was initially hooked up to cardiac monitors, then removed, and re-hooked up after imaging); 3) Serial processing of multiple tasks; 4) Inefficient use of available staff; 5) Difficulties locating witnesses to determine time of onset (TOO); 6) Delays due to laboratory sample processing; 7) Delays due to non-uniform organization of supplies within each room. A “future state” VSM was created, addressing many of the identified inefficiencies: 1) Patients were routed directly to the CT scanner by EMS; 2) A formal team of 6 members was created to initiate work after the stroke pager activation; 3) Each team member was assigned pre-arranged tasks (e.g. social worker to identify and contact witnesses to determine TOO, alternation of NIHSS and medical history duties between EM and Neurology); 4) Point of care tests were implemented for labs that were critical to the decision-making process; 5) Patient registration occurred in the CT suite. Median DTN prior to the “future state” VSM (N=132) was 60 min; after implementation (N=37), median DTN decreased to 37 min (0<0.0001). Initial safety, outcomes data and mimic treatments were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Lean manufacturing principles can successfully be applied to improve stroke care in an acute hospital setting. We show in this study that DTN times can be dramatically reduced after a Lean intervention. Future analysis will be needed to examine if this intervention is safe, sustainable and leads to improved outcomes.
46
Jorge, Roberlaine Ribeiro, Helena Beatriz Bettella Cybis, and Luiz Afonso Dos Santos Senna. "Determinação dos custos associados à qualidade dos pavimentos através de técnicas de preferência declarada." TRANSPORTES 7, no. 2 (April 17, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v7i2.228.
Анотація:
<p>O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e quantificar o custo associado à qualidade da pavimentação no meio interurbano. O pressuposto é que a qualidade do pavimento exerce influência na definição dos padrões de viagem e, por conseguinte, deve ser integrada aos demais atributos da função de custo nos modelos de alocação de tráfego. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia com vistas a introduzir a influência deste parâmetro na modelagem da alocação de tráfego. Entre as principais conclusões extraídas dos experimentos realizados, destacam-se a comprovação da importância da qualidade da pavimentação no processo de escolha de rotas.</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim of this paper is to identify the costs associated to the quality of road pavements in interurban areas. The main assumption in this work is that pavement quality may be an important issue in the definition of travel patterns and therefore should be in costs functions of traffic assignment models. This work presents the methodology devised to include the effect of the pavement quality on traffic assignment models. The analysis of exploratory tests suggest that the quality of road pavements can play an important role in the route choice process.</p>
47
Wottrich, Stephanie, Stacee Mendonca, Cameron Safarpour, Christine Nguyen, Laura J. Marinelli, Stephen P. Hancock, Robert L. Modlin, and Jordan Moberg Parker. "Putative pseudolysogeny-dependent phage gene implicated in the superinfection resistance of Cutibacterium acnes." Microbiome Research Reports 3, no. 2 (April 18, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2023.42.
Анотація:
Objectives: Cutibacterium acnes , formerly Propionibacterium acnes , is a bacterial species characterized by tenacious acne-contributing pathogenic strains. Therefore, bacteriophage therapy has become an attractive treatment route to circumvent issues such as evolved bacterial antibiotic resistance. However, medical and commercial use of phage therapy for C. acnes has been elusive, necessitating ongoing exploration of phage characteristics that confer bactericidal capacity. Methods: A novel phage (Aquarius) was isolated and analyzed. Testing included genomic sequencing and annotation, electron microscopy, patch testing, reinfection assays, and qPCR to confirm pseudolysogeny and putative superinfection exclusion (SIE) protein expression. Results: Given a superinfection-resistant phenotype was observed, reinfection assays and patch tests were performed, which confirmed the re-cultured bacteria were resistant to superinfection. Subsequent qPCR indicated pseudolysogeny was a concomitantly present phenomenon. Phage genomic analysis identified the presence of a conserved gene (gp41 ) with a product containing Ltp family-like protein signatures which may contribute to phage-mediated bacterial superinfection resistance (SIR) in a pseudolysogeny-dependent manner. qPCR was performed to analyze and roughly quantify gp41 activity, and mRNA expression was high during infection, implicating a role for the protein during the phage life cycle. Conclusions: This study confirms that C. acnes bacteria are capable of harboring phage pseudolysogens and suggests that this phenomenon plays a role in bacterial SIR. This mechanism may be conferred by the expression of phage proteins while the phage persists within the host in the pseudolysogenic state. This parameter must be considered in future endeavors for efficacious application of C. acnes phage-based therapeutics.
48
Szymaszek-Wawryca, Agnieszka, Urbano Díaz, Bogdan Samojeden, and Monika Motak. "Physicochemical properties and NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR catalytic performance of intercalated layered aluminosilicates." Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, August 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37190/ppmp/171381.
Анотація:
The representative of natural layered clays, bentonite, was modified according to two routes and tested as a new catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR). The natural acid-activated clay was ion-exchanged with Na<sup>+</sup> or remained in H-form and pillared with metal oxides. In order to limit the number of synthesis steps, iron as an active phase was introduced simultaneously with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> during the intercalation procedure. Additionally, the samples were doped with 0.5 wt% of copper to promote low-temperature activity. It was found that the performed modifications resulted in disorganization of the ordered layered arrangement of bentonite. Nevertheless, acid activation and pillaring improved structural and textural parameters. The results of catalytic tests indicated that the samples containing Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> pillars promoted with Cu exhibited the highest NO conversion of 85% at 250 °C (H-Bent-AlFe-Cu) and 75% at 300 °C (Na-Bent-AlFe-Cu). What is important, activity of the protonated samples in the high-temperature region was noticeably affected by the side reaction of ammonia oxidation, correlated with the production of NO and resulting in N<sub>2</sub>O emission during the process comparing to Na-Bentonite catalysts.
49
Garchar, Sagar, Ila Hadiyel, Parth Jani, and Honey Kodiyatar. "A study of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02062202319022023.
Анотація:
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus, causative agent in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is fast becoming a major threat in the Indian subcontinent, with an estimated 3.7 million persons being infected with HIV. HIV infection is complicated by various opportunistic infections (OIs) such as tuberculosis (TB), candidiasis, herpes zoster, Pneumocystis jirvoceii, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). This study carried out to know the clinical profile of HIV patients with OIs. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was (i) to assess the pattern of OIs in HIV infected patients visiting ART Centre of Sir T Hospital; (ii) to estimate the proportions of various OIs among HIV infected patients; and (iii) to assess the frequency distribution of OIs with different CD4 counts categories. Materials and Methods: A case series study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. A hospital based case series study was conducted after taking permission from ethical committee among 400 HIV patients with OIs Government Medical College and Sir T General Hospital, Bhavnagar during January 2021–September 2021. Data were collected to gather information on clinical profile. The statistical tests used were descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Results: Among 400 patients, 26% were females and 74% males. High proportions of patients were observed in 30–39 years of age group and heterosexual route was the most common mode of transmission. TB (51.25%) is the most frequent OI followed by candidiasis (49%), pneumocystis (8.75%) and others. The mean CD4 cell count in TB was 206.78 cells/mm3 and in candidiasis 205.73 cells/mm3. Low values were observed in promyelocytic leukemia 45 cells/mm3, CMV 90 cells/mm3 and in toxoplasmosis 80.5 cells/mm3. Conclusions: Respiratory system was the most common system involved by OIs and most of patients with OIs had CD4 T cell count below 200 cells/mm3, whereas there were no patients in the study with counts above 500 cells/mm3.
50
Pedrini, Alexandre de Gusmão, Daniel Shimada Brotto, Douglas de Souza Pimentel, Eric Behrends, and Alenne Alves Junqueira de Moraes. "Transformative and Emancipatory Environmental Education by Marine Ecotourism in the Marine Environmental Protection Area of Armação dos Búzios (RJ, Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo (RBEcotur) 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rbecotur.2016.v9.6531.
Анотація:
The Management of Marine Protected Areas (MMPA) has been a complex task in Brazil. Transformative and Emancipatory Environmental Education (TEEE) inspired on Paulo Freire’s ideas should be based primarily on individual and collective political and financial independence. The Marine Ecotourism (ME) could make the MMPA at Marine Protected Area of Armação de Búzios (MPAAB) with the aid of TEEE. Ecoturismar project tested the hypothesis that ME would provide a feasible proposal for MPAAB. The sample consisted on 85 persons present at the area during the summer season, as also local residents. The methodology and the main results were: a) Identification of the main stakeholders involved in the tourism chain of the municipality to establish partnerships; b) Obtaining the approval and support of local authorities; c) Getting sponsorship for accommodation and food; d) Contact with local security, touristic and environmental authorities; e) Route selection on rocky shore to develop the underwater interpretive trail between the beaches of João Fernandes and João Fernandinho; f) Taxonomic survey of marine biodiversity; g) Elaboration of a contextualized poster; h) Selection of attractive biological species; i) Formulation of four dialogical and interpretative lectures; j) Formulation of interpretative cards with photographs of local biodiversity; k) Elaboration of support rafts with plastic bottles and other materials. The evaluation of the marine trail as an ecotouristic product was done by the confrontation of pre / pos tests. On the beach, the tourists filled a form with their data, authorized the test and answered a pre-test. Before that, they received an interpretative lecture on local marine biota. At the end of the trail, they responded to the post-test. The evaluation of tourist perceptions presented: a) Significant increase in the perception of the environment on an holistic approach; b) Increase in the perception of social and environmental interactions in relation to the marine ecosystem; c) Increase in the perception of negative effects of conventional marine tourism on the environment and marine organisms. The hypothesis that the TEEE could be developed through a product of ME by aims of underwater trails in protected areas was approved. The ME can be implemented in MPAAB replacing the current massive, excluding and predatory forms of tourism.
KEYWORDS: Sustainability; Environmental Awareness; Ecotourism Products; Marine Trails; Education
Educação Ambiental Transformadora e Emancipatória pelo Ecoturismo Marinho em Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha de Armação dos Búzios (RJ)
RESUMO
A Gestão de Áreas Protegidas Marinhas (GAPM) tem sido tarefa complexa no Brasil. A Educação Ambiental Transformadora e Emancipatória (EATE), de inspiração freiriana, baseia-se prioritariamente na independência política e financeira do cidadão. A GAPM na Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha de Armação dos Búzios (APAMAB) poderia ser mais efetiva com a EATE pelo ecoturismo marinho (EM). O projeto Ecoturismar testou a hipótese de que o EM seria uma proposta viável para a APAMAB. Os sujeitos estudados foram 85 cidadãos presentes a área na época de verão e os moradores locais. A metodologia e seus resultados principais foram: a) seleção de uma área com costões rochosos marinhos; b) Identificação dos principais atores sociais envolvidos na cadeia turística do município para estabelecer parcerias; c) contato com as autoridades municipais de segurança, turismo e meio ambiente, obtendo autorização de pesquisa local e apoio no mar; d) parceria com Pousadas Ville La Plage/La Foret que concedeu estadia e alimentação; e) seleção do percurso em costão rochoso para a trilha interpretativa submarina entre as praias de João Fernandes e João Fernandinho; f) levantamento taxonômico da biodiversidade marinha; g) formulação de pôster de uma teia trófica contextualizada com os organismos locais; h) seleção de espécies biológicas para atrativos ecoturísticos; i) produção de quatro preleções interpretativas dialógicas e problematizadoras; j) formulação de fichas interpretativas com fotografias da biodiversidade local; k) confecção de balsa com garrafas pet e rede de plástico para levar equipamentos na trilha e descanso. A avaliação dos ecoturistas foi através da confrontação de pré/pós testes. No início da trilha, ainda na areia da praia, o ecoturista preencheu dados de sua caracterização, autorizou o teste, respondeu ao pré-teste e recebeu uma preleção interpretativa. Na trilha submarina conheceu a biodiversidade marinha e recebeu preleções dialógicas problematizadoras em três áreas interpretativas. Fora da água respondeu ao pós-teste e fez a avaliação do produto. O ecoturista registrou: a) aumento significativo no principal indicador de mudança de percepção de que o ambiente é o todo; b) incremento no número de interações entre os componentes do ecossistema marinho; c) aumento na percepção de que o turismo marinho aumenta os efeitos negativos sobre o mar e seus organismos. A capacitação em EM ocorreu como uma disciplina no curso para guias de turismo do Ministério do Turismo para moradores locais. Fica aprovada a hipótese de que a EATE poderia ser desenvolvida através de um produto de EM por trilhas subaquáticas em áreas protegidas..
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sustentabilidade; Unidade de Conservação; Ecoturismo Marinho; Trilha Subaquática; Educação Ambiental.