Дисертації з теми "Tests à noyaux"
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Bounliphone, Wacha. "Tests d’hypothèses statistiquement et algorithmiquement efficaces de similarité et de dépendance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation presents novel statistically and computationally efficient hypothesis tests for relative similarity and dependency, and precision matrix estimation. The key methodology adopted in this thesis is the class of U-statistic estimators. The class of U-statistics results in a minimum-variance unbiased estimation of a parameter.The first part of the thesis focuses on relative similarity tests applied to the problem of model selection. Probabilistic generative models provide a powerful framework for representing data. Model selection in this generative setting can be challenging. To address this issue, we provide a novel non-parametric hypothesis test of relative similarity and test whether a first candidate model generates a data sample significantly closer to a reference validation set.Subsequently, the second part of the thesis focuses on developing a novel non-parametric statistical hypothesis test for relative dependency. Tests of dependence are important tools in statistical analysis, and several canonical tests for the existence of dependence have been developed in the literature. However, the question of whether there exist dependencies is secondary. The determination of whether one dependence is stronger than another is frequently necessary for decision making. We present a statistical test which determine whether one variables is significantly more dependent on a first target variable or a second.Finally, a novel method for structure discovery in a graphical model is proposed. Making use of a result that zeros of a precision matrix can encode conditional independencies, we develop a test that estimates and bounds an entry of the precision matrix. Methods for structure discovery in the literature typically make restrictive distributional (e.g. Gaussian) or sparsity assumptions that may not apply to a data sample of interest. Consequently, we derive a new test that makes use of results for U-statistics and applies them to the covariance matrix, which then implies a bound on the precision matrix
Kellner, Jérémie. "Gaussian models and kernel methods." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10177/document.
Повний текст джерелаKernel methods have been extensively used to transform initial datasets by mapping them into a so-called kernel space or RKHS, before applying some statistical procedure onto transformed data. In particular, this kind of approach has been explored in the literature to try and make some prescribed probabilistic model more accurate in the RKHS, for instance Gaussian mixtures for classification or mere Gaussians for outlier detection. Therefore this thesis studies the relevancy of such models in kernel spaces.In a first time, we focus on a family of parameterized kernels - Gaussian RBF kernels - and study theoretically the distribution of an embedded random variable in a corresponding RKHS. We managed to prove that most marginals of such a distribution converge weakly to a so-called ''scale-mixture'' of Gaussians - basically a Gaussian with a random variance - when the parameter of the kernel tends to infinity. This result is used in practice to device a new method for outlier detection.In a second time, we present a one-sample test for normality in an RKHS based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy. In particular, our test uses a fast parametric bootstrap procedure which circumvents the need for re-estimating Gaussian parameters for each bootstrap replication
Ozier-Lafontaine, Anthony. "Kernel-based testing and their application to single-cell data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0025.
Повний текст джерелаSingle-cell technologies generate data at the single-cell level. They are coumposed of hundreds to thousands of observations (i.e. cells) and tens of thousands of variables (i.e. genes). New methodological challenges arose to fully exploit the potentialities of these complex data. A major statistical challenge is to distinguish biological informationfrom technical noise in order to compare conditions or tissues. This thesis explores the application of kernel testing on single-cell datasets in order to detect and describe the potential differences between compared conditions.To overcome the limitations of existing kernel two-sample tests, we propose a kernel test inspired from the Hotelling-Lawley test that can apply to any experimental design. We implemented these tests in a R and Python package called ktest that is their first useroriented implementation. We demonstrate the performances of kernel testing on simulateddatasets and on various experimental singlecell datasets. The geometrical interpretations of these methods allows to identify the observations leading a detected difference. Finally, we propose a Nyström-based efficient implementationof these kernel tests as well as a range of diagnostic and interpretation tools
Bouyrie, Mathieu. "Restauration d'images de noyaux cellulaires en microscopie 3D par l'introduction de connaissance a priori." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA032/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this this document, we present a method to denoise 3D images acquired by 2-photon microscopy and displaying cell nuclei of animal embryos. The specimens are observed in toto and in vivo during their early development. Image deterioration can be explained by the microscope optical flaws, the acquisition system limitations, and light absorption and diffusion through the tissue depth.The proposed method is a 3D adaptation of a 2D method so far applied to astronomical images and it also differs from state-of the of-the-art methods by the introduction of priors on the biological data. Our hypotheses include assuming that noise statistics are Mixed Poisson Gaussian (MPG) and that cell nuclei are quasi spherical.To implement our method in 3D, we had to take into account the sampling grid dimensions which are different in the x, y or z directions. A spherical object imaged on this grid loses this property. To deal with such a grid, we had to interpret the filtering process, which is a core element of the original theory, as a diffusion process
Massiot, Gaspar. "Quelques Problèmes de Statistique autour des processus de Poisson." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENSR0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main purpose of this thesis is to develop statistical methodologies for stochastic processes data and more precisely Cox process data.The problems considered arise from three different contexts: nonparametric tests, nonparametric kernel estimation and minimax estimation.We first study the statistical test problem of detecting wether a Cox process is Poisson or not.Then, we introduce a semiparametric estimate of the regression over a Poisson point process. Using Itô’s famous chaos expansion for Poisson functionals, we derive asymptotic minimax properties of our estimator.Finally, we introduce a nonparametric estimate of the intensity of a Cox process whenever it is a deterministic function of a known coprocess
Penin, Rémi. "Evaluation à priori des performances environnementales d'un noyau magnétique de transformateur triphasé sur la base de tests simplifiés." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0209/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe transformer is now a static converter most notably used in electrical distribution. The electrical steel sheet used in the construction of their magnetic circuits have become more efficient to reduce losses occurred. However, standardized tests to characterize the electromagnetic steel do not fully reflect the energy behavior of the transformer. In addition, another issue has gained importance in recent years: the acoustic noise. Unfortunately, there is no link between the quality of grain oriented steel selected to construct the magnetic circuit and acoustic noise that will produce it. The objective of this thesis is to answer this dual problem from simplified test. Indeed, many experimental devices and methodologies have been developed such as the method of three frames, to study the distribution of core losses in the transformer, the magnetic circuits shifted, to study phenomena at the origin of acoustic noise, and models of single and three phase transformers. In addition, numerical simulations were performed to deepen our analysis of the experimental results. The study of the devices have allowed to identify three parameters relating to the quality of grain oriented electrical steel, resulting from differences in the distribution of the flux density and therefore, first, the differences in distribution of core loss and, hand, acoustic noise in transformers
Fortier, Steven. "Estimation du biais de la copule conditionnelle pour un test d'indépendance conditionnelle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7518.
Повний текст джерелаChebana, Fateh. "Estimation et tests par des méthodes fonctionnelles : applications aux M-estimateurs et aux tests de Bickel-Rosenblatt." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066517.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Van Hanh. "Modèles de mélange semi-paramétriques et applications aux tests multiples." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987035.
Повний текст джерелаSaumard, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'analyse statistique des données fontionnelles." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0009/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we are interested in the functional data. The problem of estimation in a model of estimating equations is studying. We derive a central limit type theorem for the considered estimator. The optimal instruments are estimated, and we obtain a uniform convergence of the estimators. We are then interested in various testing with functional data. We study the problem of nonparametric testing for the effect of a random functional covariate on an error term which could be directly observed as a response or estimated from a functional model like for instance the functional linear model. We proved, in order to construct the tests, a result of dimension reduction which relies on projections of the functional covariate. We have constructed no-effect tests by using a kernel smoothing or a nearest neighbor smoothing. A goodness-of-fit test in the functional linear model is also proposed. All these tests are studied from a theoretical and practical perspective
Bui, Thi Thien Trang. "Modèle de régression pour des données non-Euclidiennes en grande dimension. Application à la classification de taxons en anatomie computationnelle." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0021.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study a regression model with distribution entries and the testing hypothesis problem for signal detection in a regression model. We aim to apply these models in hearing sensitivity measured by the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) data to improve our knowledge in the auditory investigation. In the first part, a new distribution regression model for probability distributions is introduced. This model is based on a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) regression framework, where universal kernels are built using Wasserstein distances for distributions belonging to \Omega) and \Omega is a compact subspace of the real space. We prove the universal kernel property of such kernels and use this setting to perform regressions on functions. Different regression models are first compared with the proposed one on simulated functional data. We then apply our regression model to transient evoked otoascoutic emission (TEOAE) distribution responses and real predictors of the age. This part is a joint work with Loubes, J-M., Risser, L. and Balaresque, P..In the second part, considering a regression model, we address the question of testing the nullity of the regression function. The testing procedure is available when the variance of the observations is unknown and does not depend on any prior information on the alternative. We first propose a single testing procedure based on a general symmetric kernel and an estimation of the variance of the observations. The corresponding critical values are constructed to obtain non asymptotic level \alpha tests. We then introduce an aggregation procedure to avoid the difficult choice of the kernel and of the parameters of the kernel. The multiple tests satisfy non-asymptotic properties and are adaptive in the minimax sense over several classes of regular alternatives
Delahaye, Pierre. "Etudes et tests préliminaires à une mesure de la corrélation angulaire β-v dans la désintégration du noyau 6He à l'aide d'un piège de Paul". Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2011.
Повний текст джерелаBissyandé, Tegawendé F. "Contributions à l'Amélioration du Débogage des Services Noyau dans un Système d'Exploitation Monolithique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808877.
Повний текст джерелаViracaoundin, Isabelle. "Étude chimique et pharmacologique de Eudistoma bituminis et Cystodytes violatinctus, deux ascidies de Mayotte (océan Indien) : isolement d'alcaloi͏̈des à noyau pyridoacridine : analyse de la fraction lipidique." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_05_Viracaoundin_vol.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMadani, Soffana. "Contributions à l’estimation à noyau de fonctionnelles de la fonction de répartition avec applications en sciences économiques et de gestion." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1183/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe income distribution of a population, the distribution of failure times of a system and the evolution of the surplus in with-profit policies - studied in economics and management - are related to continuous functions belonging to the class of functionals of the distribution function. Our thesis covers the kernel estimation of some functionals of the distribution function with applications in economics and management. In the first chapter, we offer local polynomial estimators in the i.i.d. case of two functionals of the distribution function, written LF and TF , which are useful to produce the smooth estimators of the Lorenz curve and the scaled total time on test transform. The estimation method is described in Abdous, Berlinet and Hengartner (2003) and we prove the good asymptotic behavior of the local polynomial estimators. Until now, Gastwirth (1972) and Barlow and Campo (1975) have defined continuous piecewise estimators of the Lorenz curve and the scaled total time on test transform, which do not respect the continuity of the original curves. Illustrations on simulated and real data are given. The second chapter is intended to provide smooth estimators in the i.i.d. case of the derivatives of the two functionals of the distribution function presented in the last chapter. Apart from the estimation of the first derivative of the function TF with a smooth estimation of the distribution function, the estimation method is the local polynomial approximation of functionals of the distribution function detailed in Berlinet and Thomas-Agnan (2004). Various types of convergence and asymptotic normality are obtained, including the probability density function and its derivatives. Simulations appear and are discussed. The starting point of the third chapter is the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimator (Rosenblatt (1956), Parzen (1964)) of the probability density function. We first improve the bias of this estimator and its derivatives by using higher order kernels (Berlinet (1993)). Then we find the modified conditions for the asymptotic normality of these estimators. Finally, we build a method to remove boundary effects of the estimators of the probability density function and its derivatives, thanks to higher order derivatives. We are interested, in this final chapter, in the hazard rate function which, unlike the two functionals of the distribution function explored in the first chapter, is not a fraction of two linear functionals of the distribution function. In the i.i.d. case, kernel estimators of the hazard rate and its derivatives are produced from the kernel estimators of the probability density function and its derivatives. The asymptotic normality of the first estimators is logically obtained from the second ones. Then, we are placed in the multiplicative intensity model, a more general framework including censored and dependent data. We complete the described method in Ramlau-Hansen (1983) to obtain good asymptotic properties of the estimators of the hazard rate and its derivatives and we try to adopt the local polynomial approximation in this context. The surplus rate in with-profit policies will be nonparametrically estimated as its mathematical expression depends on transition rates (hazard rates from one state to another) in a Markov chain (Ramlau-Hansen (1991), Norberg (1999))
Chokri, Khalid. "Contributions à l'inférence statistique dans les modèles de régression partiellement linéaires additifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066439/document.
Повний текст джерелаParametric regression models provide powerful tools for analyzing practical data when the models are correctly specified, but may suffer from large modelling biases when structures of the models are misspecified. As an alternative, nonparametric smoothing methods eases the concerns on modelling biases. However, nonparametric models are hampered by the so-called curse of dimensionality in multivariate settings. One of the methods for attenuating this difficulty is to model covariate effects via a partially linear structure, a combination of linear and nonlinear parts. To reduce the dimension impact in the estimation of the nonlinear part of the partially linear regression model, we introduce an additive structure of this part which induces, finally, a partially linear additive model. Our aim in this work is to establish some limit results pertaining to various parameters of the model (consistency, rate of convergence, asymptotic normality and iterated logarithm law) and to construct some hypotheses testing procedures related to the model structure, as the additivity of the nonlinear part, and to its parameters
Houvenaghel, Jean-François. "Contrôle cognitif dans la maladie de Parkinson : étude par les tests de fluences verbales et la Simon Task motivée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B001.
Повний текст джерелаThe nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease frequently include a cognitive control deficit. Cognitive control refers to a set of processes that promote information processing and the production of appropriate behaviours, so its impairment can have an impact on a wide range of cognitive abilities. We focused on just two of these abilities: oral word production, as assessed with phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests; and cognitive action control in an incentive context, as assessed with a rewarded Simon Task. In our first study, we questioned the hypothesis that the reduction in verbal fluency performances observed following surgery for subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation is mainly due to a cognitive control deficit. Results failed to reveal a relationship between this reduction and either modified metabolic activity in the frontal regions subtending cognitive control or modified performances on other tests requiring efficient cognitive control. In our second and third studies, investigating cognitive action control in an incentive context, we showed that the production of intention-driven actions, as opposed to impulsive ones, is more difficult when a monetary reward is at stake. We also demonstrated that treatment for Parkinson’s disease, whether it takes the form of dopaminergic medication or subthalamic stimulation, modulates the functioning of these processes, suggesting that the basal ganglia have a role in them. We discuss the cognitive and neural processes involved and outline future avenues for both neuroscientific and clinical research
Dumas, Georges. "Influence de stimulations vibratoires appliquées au crâne et aux muscles cervicaux sur la fonction d’équilibration. Interprétations physiologiques et applications à la pathologie. Développement et validation d’un nouveau test d’exploration vestibulaire : le test de Dumas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0108/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe skull vibration induced nystagmus test performed with a vibrator applied on vertex and mastoids at frequencies of 30, 60, 100 Hz is a fast, recent, robust bed side examination test which reveals instantaneously a vestibular asymmetry (vibration induced nystagmus or VIN) in dizzy patients and is useful to indicate a lesion side. In clinical practice, results in patients with total unilateral vestibular lesions (TUVL), partial unilateral vestibular lesions (PUVL), brain stem diseases, labyrinthine malformations and results in animal experiments (Curthoys), suggest that bone vibrations applied to vertex or mastoids stimulate all the labyrinthine structures (semi circular canals and otoliths) on both sides at 100 Hz. The vibration induced nystagmus (VIN) is the result of asymmetric responses and is equivalent to a Vestibular Weber Test. In TUVL and PUVL the VIN usually beats toward the intact side and conversely beats toward the lesion side in superior semi-circular canal dehiscences in relation to bone conduction facilitation toward the lesion (third window mechanism). VIN is not modified by vestibular compensation mechanisms and remains permanently as a “vestibular scar”. Since it has been used in occupational medicine as a first level examination test. It is not intrusive and is useful in case of unfeasible caloric test (CT). It addresses vestibular high frequencies and complements HST, HIT and CT which adress middle and low frequencies. It is more sensitive to reveal peripheral than central neurological diseases
Bissyande, Tegawende. "Contributions for improving debugging of kernel-level services in a monolithic operating system." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821893.
Повний текст джерелаCucala, Lionel. "ESPACEMENTS BIDIMENSIONNELS ET DONNÉES ENTACHÉES D'ERREURS DANS L'ANALYSE DES PROCESSUS PONCTUELS SPATIAUX." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135890.
Повний текст джерелаBey, Anissa. "Test du Modèle Standard à basse énergie :- Mesure précise des rapports d'embranchement de 62Ga- Mesure précise de la durée de vie de 38Ca." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404413.
Повний текст джерелаBey, Anissa. "Test du Modèle Standard à basse énergie : mesure précise des rapports d’embranchement de 62 Ga : mesure précise de la durée de vie de 38 Ca." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13667/document.
Повний текст джерелаPrecise measurements of Fermi superallowed 0+? 0+ ß decays provide a powerful tool to study the weak interaction properties in the framework of the Standard Model (SM). Collectively, the comparative half-lives (ƒt) of these transitions allow a sensitive probe of the CVC hypothesis and contribute to the most demanding test of the unitarity of the quarks-mixing CKM matrix top-row, by providing, so far, the most accurate determination of its dominant element (Vud). Until recently, an apparent departure from unity enhanced a doubt on the validity of the minimal SM and thus stimulated a considerable effort in order to extend the study to other Fermi emitters available. The 62Ga and 38Ca are among key nuclei to achieve these precision tests and verify the reliability of the corrections applied to the experimental ƒt-values. The 62Ga ß-decay was investigated at the IGISOL separator in Jyväskylä, with an experimental setup composed of 3 EUROBALL Clovers for ?-ray detection. Very weak intensity (<1‰) ?-rays were identified, via ß-? and ß-?-? correlations, and allowed a partial decay scheme reconstruction in 62Zn. The newly established analog branching-ratio (B.R.A = 99.893(24) %) was used to compute the universal Ft-value (62Ga). The latter turned out to be in good agreement with the 12 well-known cases. Compatibility between the upper limit set here on the term (d1IM) and the theoretical prediction suggests that the isospin-symmetry-breaking correction is indeed large for the heavy (A = 62) ß-emitters. The study of the 38a decay was performed at the CERN- ISOLDE facility. Injection of fluorine into the ion source, in order to chemically select the isotopes of interest, assisted by the REXTRAP Penning trap facility and a TOF analysis, enabled us to eliminate efficiently the troublesome 38mK. For the first time, the 38Ca half-life is measured with a highly purified radioactive sample. The preliminary result obtained, T1/2(38Ca) = 445.8(10) ms, improves the precision on the half-life as determined from previous measurements by a factor close to 10
Coudret, Raphaël. "Stochastic modelling using large data sets : applications in ecology and genetics." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865867.
Повний текст джерелаSicard, Pascal. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse logique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327269.
Повний текст джерелаJeunesse, Paulien. "Estimation non paramétrique du taux de mort dans un modèle de population générale : Théorie et applications. A new inference strategy for general population mortality tables Nonparametric adaptive inference of birth and death models in a large population limit Nonparametric inference of age-structured models in a large population limit with interactions, immigration and characteristics Nonparametric test of time dependance of age-structured models in a large population limit." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED013.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the mortality rate in different population models to apply our results to demography or biology. The mathematical framework includes statistics of process, nonparametric estimations and analysis.In a first part, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the mortality tables. This problematic comes from actuarial science and the aim is to apply our results in the insurance field. This algorithm is founded on a deterministic population model. The new estimates we gets improve the actual results. Its advantage is to take into account the global population dynamics. Thanks to that, births are used in our model to compute the mortality rate. Finally these estimations are linked with the precedent works. This is a point of great importance in the field of actuarial science.In a second part, we are interested in the estimation of the mortality rate in a stochastic population model. We need to use the tools coming from nonparametric estimations and statistics of process to do so. Indeed, the mortality rate is a function of two parameters, the time and the age. We propose minimax optimal and adaptive estimators for the mortality and the population density. We also demonstrate some non asymptotics concentration inequalities. These inequalities quantifiy the deviation between the stochastic process and its deterministic limit we used in the first part. We prove that our estimators are still optimal in a model where the mortality is influenced by interactions. This is for example the case for the logistic population.In a third part, we consider the testing problem to detect the existence of interactions. This test is in fact designed to detect the time dependance of the mortality rate. Under the assumption the time dependance in the mortality rate comes only from the interactions, we can detect the presence of interactions. Finally we propose an algorithm to do this test
Villermaux, Clotilde. "Modélisation physique et numérique de la convection naturelle dans une couche de fluide de faible rapport d'aspect dans le cadre des études d'accidents graves de réacteurs à eau sous pression." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0028.
Повний текст джерелаNedjar, Hacène. "Tests d'indépendance de deux séries chronologiques stationnaires univariées." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14586.
Повний текст джерелаPoulin, Jennifer M. Sc. "Sur l'étude de la transformation des tests portemanteaux pur séries chronologiques multivariées." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18182.
Повний текст джерелаAumont, Étienne. "La relation entre la stratégie de navigation spontanée et la prise de décision et les fonctions exécutives." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22224.
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