Статті в журналах: "Test signal generation"

1

Burdiek, B., and W. Mathis. "Test signal generation for analog circuits." Advances in Radio Science 1 (May 5, 2003): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-1-235-2003.

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Abstract. In this paper a new test signal generation approach for general analog circuits based on the variational calculus and modern control theory methods is presented. The computed transient test signals also called test stimuli are optimal with respect to the detection of a given fault set by means of a predefined merit functional representing a fault detection criterion. The test signal generation problem of finding optimal test stimuli detecting all faults form the fault set is formulated as an optimal control problem. The solution of the optimal control problem representing the test stimuli is computed using an optimization procedure. The optimization procedure is based on the necessary conditions for optimality like the maximum principle of Pontryagin and adjoint circuit equations.

2

Dufils, M., J. L. Carbonero, P. Planelle, and P. Raynaud. "Mixed-signal simulation and test generation." International Journal of Electronics 95, no. 3 (March 2008): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210701827954.

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3

Yin, Qizhang, William R. Eisenstadt, and Tian Xia. "Wireless System for Microwave Test Signal Generation." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 25, no. 2 (March 2008): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2008.57.

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4

Ungermann, Michael, Jan Lunze, and Dieter Schwarzmann. "Test signal generation for service diagnosis based on local structural properties." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0004-y.

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Test signal generation for service diagnosis based on local structural propertiesThe paper presents a new approach to the generation of test signals used in service diagnosis. The tests make it possible to isolate faults, which are isolable only if the system is brought into specific operating points. The basis for the test signal selection is a structure graph that represents the couplings among the external and internal signals of the system and the fault signals. Graph-theoretic methods are used to identify edges that disappear under certain operating conditions and prevent a fault from changing the system behavior at this operating point. These operating conditions are identified by validuals, which are indicators obtained during the graph-theoretic analysis. The test generation method is illustrated by a process engineering example.

5

Haurie, X., and G. W. Roberts. "Arbitrary-precision signal generation for mixed-signal built-in-self-test." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 45, no. 11 (1998): 1425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.735354.

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6

Živanović, Dragan, Milan Simić, Zivko Kokolanski, Dragan Denić, and Vladimir Dimcev. "Generation of Long-time Complex Signals for Testing the Instruments for Detection of Voltage Quality Disturbances." Measurement Science Review 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2018-0007.

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Abstract Software supported procedure for generation of long-time complex test sentences, suitable for testing the instruments for detection of standard voltage quality (VQ) disturbances is presented in this paper. This solution for test signal generation includes significant improvements of computer-based signal generator presented and described in the previously published paper [1]. The generator is based on virtual instrumentation software for defining the basic signal parameters, data acquisition card NI 6343, and power amplifier for amplification of output voltage level to the nominal RMS voltage value of 230 V. Definition of basic signal parameters in LabVIEW application software is supported using Script files, which allows simple repetition of specific test signals and combination of more different test sequences in the complex composite test waveform. The basic advantage of this generator compared to the similar solutions for signal generation is the possibility for long-time test sequence generation according to predefined complex test scenarios, including various combinations of VQ disturbances defined in accordance with the European standard EN50160. Experimental verification of the presented signal generator capability is performed by testing the commercial power quality analyzer Fluke 435 Series II. In this paper are shown some characteristic complex test signals with various disturbances and logged data obtained from the tested power quality analyzer.

7

Huynh, S. D., Seongwon Kim, M. Soma, and Jinyan Zhang. "Automatic analog test signal generation using multifrequency analysis." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 46, no. 5 (May 1999): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.769805.

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8

Kuang, Jiangyu, and Tao He. "Research on automatic test sequence generation method of computer interlocking test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2246, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2246/1/012072.

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Abstract Railway computer interlocking system is the core equipment of station signal control system, which directly affects the reliability and safety of the whole system. It is essential to test the interlocking software comprehensively and strictly [1]. The traditional interlocking test is conducted by testers to control the quality and efficiency of the test. According to the reference railway transportation “Interim Measures for railway signal interlocking test”, combined with the signal interlocking relationship test checklist, compared with the actual station yard of railway station, relying on manual preparation and manual implementation of test items, the test efficiency is relatively low. Therefore, the realization of automatic interlocking test has become a research hotspot at present. Interlocking function test belongs to the research field of black box test. On the premise of ensuring the comprehensiveness of test, generating efficient test sequence is the research focus of this subject.

9

Dufort, B., and G. W. Roberts. "On-chip analog signal generation for mixed-signal built-in self-test." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 34, no. 3 (March 1999): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.748183.

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10

Liu, Xin. "Conflict-Driven Learning in Test Pattern Generation." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1089.

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SAT-based automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) is built on a SAT-solver, which can be scalable is that it is able to take into account the information of high-level structure of formulas. Paper analyzes specific structure of circuit instances where correlations among signals have been established. This analysis is a heuristic learning method by earlier detecting assignment conflicts. Reconvergent fanout is a fundamental cause of the difficulty in testing generation, because they introduce dependencies in the values that can be assigned to nodes. Paper exploits reconvergent fanout analysis of circuit to gather information about local signal correlation through BDD learning, and then used the learned information in the conjunctive normal form (CNF) clauses to restrict and focus the overall search space of test pattern generation. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of these learning techniques.

11

Shi, Dawei, Hongliang Zhao, and Xiuwen Shao. "A Pipeline Leakage Signal Simulation and Generation System." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703070.

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To test the effectiveness of the detection and positioning technology of the pipe leakage, the propagation law of pipeline leakage signal is studied in this paper, and a pipeline leakage signal simulation and generation system is proposed. It can simulate the leakage pressure wave signals at different positions of the pipeline. Changing pipe’s parameters though the computer, the simulation and output of the leakage signal under various working conditions can be realized. It can test the reliability and accuracy of the detection and location technology of the pipe leakage, and verify the applicability of the pipe leakage detection and location technology to different pipe structures. The results show that the output signal of system can replace the real signal, and located the pre-set leakage point by cross-correlation method. The purpose of studying the effectiveness and accuracy of the existing leak location algorithm base on largescale complex pipe network system in laboratory conditions was realized.

12

Hurst, S. L. "Analog signal generation for built-in self-test of mixed-signal integrated circuits." Microelectronics Journal 27, no. 1 (February 1996): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(96)90016-6.

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13

Loukusa, Veikko. "Behavioral test generation modeling approach for mixed-signal IC verification." Microelectronics Journal 34, no. 10 (October 2003): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(03)00164-2.

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14

L'Esperance, Nicholai, Timothy Platt, Mustapha Slamani, and Tian Xia. "OFDM Multitone Signal Generation Technique for Analog Circuitry Test Characterization." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 63, no. 6 (June 2016): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2016.2531218.

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15

Zhou, Qin Ling. "The Study on Electric Parameters Automatic Test System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1068.

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Based on a digital signal processor hardware and the wavelet transform theory the next generation of electri'cal parameters automatic test system is designed. The current and voltage signal measurement relative error is not more than 0.2%, the power factor and harmonic content measurement error is not more than 1.1%, and frequency signal measurement error is less than 0.1% by this system.

16

Liao, Lida, and Qi Tan. "Study of the Tensile Damage of 321 Stainless Steel for Solar Thermal Power Generation by Acoustic Emission." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8450737.

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In this paper, the acoustic emission technique was used to study the signal during the tensile damage of 321 stainless steel for solar thermal power generation. It was found that the peak frequency can effectively distinguish different types of signals during the tensile test. The interference signals generated during the tensile test are effectively resolved by combining the amplitude-peak frequency distribution map and the energy-peak frequency distribution map. The amplitude-time map of the acoustic emission signal is successfully divided into three stages by using peak frequency parameter.

17

Ungermann, Michael, Jan Lunze, and Dieter Scharzmann. "Model-Based Test Signal Generation for Service Diagnosis of Automotive Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 7 (July 2010): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-de-2013.00029.

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18

Zarroo, M. B., and Zhao Zhi-fan. "Sequential Test Signal Generation for Parameter Estimation in Continuous-time Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 21, no. 9 (August 1988): 903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54844-2.

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19

Živanović, Dragan, Milan Simić, Dragan Denić, and Živko Kokolanski. "SCRIPT FILES APPROACH IN THE POWER QUALITY EVENTS GENERATION." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 17, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr1802093z.

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Generation of typical power quality (PQ) events, based on Script files and virtual instrumentation, is presented in this paper. Such approach provides definition and generation of three-phase voltage signals with various PQ events defined according to relevant international quality standards. Using of Script files enables easy and flexible generation of long-time voltage signals with complex PQ disturbances, according to the predefined test algorithms and scenarios. Detailed front panels and block diagrams of developed virtual instrument for signal generation are described in the paper. As specific examples, generated signals defined using the Script files are presented. Experimental confirmation of described software supported method is performed using the three-phase PQ analyzer Fluke 435. Some specific test waveforms and obtained experimental results are shown.

20

Meister, Michael, and Marco Reinhard. "A modular application specific active test environment for high-temperature wafer test up to 300 °C." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, HiTen (July 1, 2019): 000122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2019.hiten.000122.

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Abstract Applications in harsh environment such as high temperatures require electronic devices for signal amplification, calculations and digital interfaces. These devices often contain ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) which are suitable for high temperatures above 125 °C. For functionality verification of these high-temperature ASICs a high-temperature wafer test environment is necessary. This article describes a high-temperature wafer test setup which can be used up to 300 °C. It is based on a modular concept for a maximum of 48 test channels. The combination of three modular components (contact needle system, thermal insulation chamber and active probe card) allows adapting the setup to different ASICs and pad layouts. The active probe card operates at temperatures below 65 °C during 300 °C wafer test temperature. It is mounted on the thermal insulation chamber for signal amplification, defined loads or generation of precise input signals. This modular concept significantly shortens the development time for the high-temperature wafer test and thus saves time and reduce the costs of ASIC development.

21

Martínez-Quintero, Juan Carlos, Edith Paola Estupiñán-Cuesta, and Víctor Daniel Rodríguez-Ortega. "Raspberry PI 3 RF signal generation system." Visión electrónica 13, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22484728.15160.

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Radio frequency signal generators (RF) are instruments used to test reception equipment and RF components like filters, amplifiers, attenuators, among others. On the other hand, they reinforce the teaching-learning processes and they are widely used in research in the telecommunications field. This document provides the first stage of a low-cost signal generator design by using RaspBerry Pi 3, with the documentary exploration about this kind of applications. After that, a recognition of the RaspBerry Pi 3 is done at hardware and software level. Finally, an application of an FM signal generator with RaspBerry in a frequency of 101.3 MHz is evaluated, which does not require any additional hardware. This signal was captured using a spectrum analyzer, which determined good quality of the modulated signal in terms of power, bandwidth and SNR (Signal Noise Ratio). However, there are some unwanted harmonic components

22

Zhao, Yuan, Bingliang Hu, Zhen-An He, Wenjia Xie, and Xiaohui Gao. "Generation and coherent detection of QPSK signal using a novel method of digital signal processing." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 04 (February 9, 2018): 1850103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918501038.

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We demonstrate an optical quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal transmitter and an optical receiver for demodulating optical QPSK signal with homodyne detection and digital signal processing (DSP). DSP on the homodyne detection scheme is employed without locking the phase of the local oscillator (LO). In this paper, we present an extracting one-dimensional array of down-sampling method for reducing unwanted samples of constellation diagram measurement. Such a novel scheme embodies the following major advantages over the other conventional optical QPSK signal detection methods. First, this homodyne detection scheme does not need strict requirement on LO in comparison with linear optical sampling, such as having a flat spectral density and phase over the spectral support of the source under test. Second, the LabVIEW software is directly used for recovering the QPSK signal constellation without employing complex DSP circuit. Third, this scheme is applicable to multilevel modulation formats such as M-ary PSK and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or higher speed signals by making minor changes.

23

YU, Ying-yang, and Tong-min JIANG. "Generation of Non-Gaussian Random Vibration Excitation Signal for Reliability Enhancement Test." Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 20, no. 3 (June 2007): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1000-9361(07)60038-7.

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24

NAHHAL, Tarik, and Thao Dang. "Test Generation for Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits Using Hybrid System Models." International Journal of VLSI Design & Communication Systems 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/vlsic.2011.2302.

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25

Xia, Tian, Rohit Shetty, Timothy Platt, and Mustapha Slamani. "Low Cost Time Efficient Multi-tone Test Signal Generation Using OFDM Technique." Journal of Electronic Testing 29, no. 6 (October 26, 2013): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10836-013-5414-8.

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26

Zhang, Peng, Hou Jun Wang, Li Li, and Ping Wang. "Design and Implementation of Intermediate Frequency Generation and Analysis Module for Avionics Test." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1147.

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To test airborne avionics device, it is necessary to provide signal stimulus for the device under test (DUT) to simulate the real work environment. This paper proposes a hardware module which used to signal generate and analyze. The hardware structure and diagram of logic design are described. The generated waveforms and measurement results are presented. This test module combined with other necessary modules can achieve the test of L band airborne avionics such as ATC, TCAS and TACAN.

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Al Hamadi, Hussam, Amjad Gawanmeh, and Mahmoud Al-Qutayri. "Guided Test Case Generation for Enhanced ECG Bio-Sensors Functional Verification." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2017100101.

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Testing and verifying the operation of bio-sensor nodes is essential due to the sensitivity and safety-critical aspects of their applications. Simulation technique is frequently used for this task; however, a proper set of test cases is required in order to carry out the simulation process. This paper focuses on enhancing the verification operations of an ElectroCardioGram (ECG) biomedical sensor node through simulation. It presents a new methodology for guided Test Cases Generation (TCG) of ECG signals from formal design specifications. Event-B invariants are used to specify ECG requirements, and then a new algorithm is used to translate these specifications into proper ECG signal parameters. These parameters are subsequently used to control the required shape of the ECG in order to have a wide range of scenarios. The primary objective of this work is to provide ECG test cases to detect design errors in biomedical algorithms. In addition, it can complement the usage of the limited ECG databases currently available to verify the correct operation of ECG bio-sensors.

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Kramer, Jeffrey A., Emily O’Neill, Megan E. Phillips, Debra Bruce, Traci Smith, Melinda M. Albright, Sairam Bellum, et al. "Early Toxicology Signal Generation in the Mouse." Toxicologic Pathology 38, no. 3 (March 19, 2010): 452–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623310364025.

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The rat has been the preferred rodent toxicology species since before regulatory requirements have been in place, and there exists in the pharmaceutical industry and the regulatory agencies a significant amount of historical data for the rat. The resulting experience base with the rat makes the possibility of replacing it with the mouse for regulated toxicology studies untenable for all but the most extreme circumstances. However, toxicologists are very familiar with the mouse as a model for chronic carcinogenicity studies, and there exist multiple preclinical mouse models of disease. The authors evaluated the use of the mouse for early in vivo toxicology signal generation and prioritization of small molecule lead compounds prior to nomination of a development candidate. In five-day oral gavage studies with three test agents in the mouse, the authors were able to identify the same dose-limiting toxicities as those identified in the rat, including examples of compound-mediated hemolysis as well as microscopic lesions in the alimentary canal, kidney, and pancreas. Performing early signal generation studies in the mouse allows for earlier assessment of the safety liabilities of small molecules, requires significantly less compound, and allows evaluation of more compounds earlier in the project’s life cycle.

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Lu, Xu Guang, Ji Hua Tian, Xiao Han, and Jin Ping Sun. "A High Bandwidth Signal Generation System Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 1743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.1743.

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A Wideband Signal Generation System for radar and Electronic Warfare is presented. This system uses two DACs each can work at 1Gsps with 14-bit resolution and generate 500MHz bandwidth signal. The DDWS (Direct digital wave synthesis) method is used for signal generation and the data transfer and controlling is based on FPGA. The data for signal generation is stored in ZBT-SRAM and the system can communicate with the controller module through PC104+ interface. The system structure, implementation and test results are described in detail.

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Zhang, Xiao Long, Fan Li, and Jian Hui Zhao. "New Test System of Infrared Earth Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.536.

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Infrared earth sensor is one of the key components of satellite attitude measurement system. During the research, infrared earth wave tests signal source to provide power source (hereinafter referred to as Earth-wave signal source. That is involved in the experiment of control system, which contains open, closed, veneer and the whole system to complete the ground testing and calibration of infrared earth sensor. According to the testing requirements of infrared earth sensor, a new test system based on PXI bus is designed. This new test system consists of hardware and software systems, which controls the generation of earth wave signal, completes data acquisition and analysis, and achieves the ground testing calibration. It has advantages including high precision, full function and strong compatibility, which completes calibration of infrared earth sensor ground testing and improves the precision and efficiency.

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Zhao, Hong-Ze, Guang-Hui Wei, Xiao-Dong Pan, Xue Du, and Xu-Xu Lyu. "Generation Mechanism and Characteristic Analysis of Dual-Frequency Pseudo-Signal Interference of the Swept-Frequency Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (October 20, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2363224.

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In order to master the law of the pseudo-signal interference effect of dual-frequency electromagnetic radiation in typical radar equipment, a certain type of Ku-band swept-frequency ranging radar was used as the test object to carry out single-frequency continuous wave and dual-frequency continuous wave pseudo-signal interference effect experiments. Through experiments, it is found that dual-frequency electromagnetic radiation will cause “hill” and “spike” type pseudo-signal interference to the swept-frequency radar. Based on the frequency analysis of the radar receiving circuit, the interference mechanism of the dual-frequency pseudo-signal is revealed, and the morphological characteristics and distance law of the pseudo-signal are explained. The variation law of the pseudo-signal level with interference field strength is obtained. The results show that the in-band dual-frequency nonintermodulation interference is similar to the single-frequency interference, and the only difference is that the number of pseudo-signals increases; when the interference frequency difference is about 400∼600 MHz, the out-of-band dual-frequency second-order intermodulation signal will cause “hill” type pseudo-signal interference, and the pseudo-signal distance is random; when the interference frequency difference is less than 5 MHz, both the dual-frequency second-order intermodulation signal and the third-order intermodulation signal will cause “spike” pseudo-signal interference inside and outside the radar operating frequency band; the pseudo-signal distance is fixed.

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PETRACCHI, DONATELLA, MICHELE BARBI, SANTI CHILLEMI, ELENI PANTAZELOU, DAVID PIERSON, CHRIS DAMES, LON WILKENS, and FRANK MOSS. "A TEST FOR A BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL ENCODED BY NOISE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 05, no. 01 (February 1995): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127495000077.

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We consider here a simple example of stimulated sensory neurons operating under the influence of their own internal noise: the hair mechanoreceptor of the crayfish stimulated by a weak, periodic, hydrodynamic signal. Action potential spike trains from the sensory neuron are recorded and assembled into two objects for analysis: the interspike interval histogram (ISIH) and the cycle histogram of the spike density. A time transformation is carried out on the ISIH’s in order to test the hypothesis that the spike train is basically random and that the probability of coherent spike generation is related to the instantaneous stimulus amplitude. Moreover it is shown that the physiological spike train data can be qualitatively mimicked by an electronic Fitzhugh-Nagumo model, operated in the subcritical mode, driven by noise and a weak periodic signal. A discussion of how the Fitzhugh-Nagumo model is properly operated to mimic noisy data from sensory neurons is included.

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He, Fei, Jiabei Shen, Zhi Tang, Xiaomeiao Qi, and Haoran Li. "Influencing Factors of Rock Electrical Signal Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (October 21, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1165686.

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To get the generation mechanism and influence factors of the coal-rock electrical signal, it provides a reference for coal-rock electric signal prediction and dynamic disaster. Firstly, the law of charge energy relation is deduced by using the universal or functional relation of Newton’s law, and then coal and rock mass with different properties such as coal, granite, and sandstone are selected. Using the established test system, the influence of coal and rock electric signal is analyzed from the coal-rock temperature, coal and rock properties, coal-rock friction, coal-rock loading speed, and coal-rock load size. The chief results can be summarized as follows: in the process of coal-rock rising with temperature, the change rule of electrical signals can be divided into three stages according to the strength of electrical signals generated. The amplitudes of electrical signals generated by uniaxial compression of coal-rock mass with different properties are obviously different. Electrical signals can be generated during the friction of coal and rock. With the augment of loading speed, the electrical semaphore generated when the coal rock is about to fracture tends to be enhanced. The size of the electrical signal is not proportional to the size of the load, but the electrical signal is greatest when the rupture is imminent. The analysis of the influence factors of coal and rock electrical signals can provide a reference for the research on the generation mechanism of coal-rock electrical signals.

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Coyette, Anthony, Baris Esen, Nektar Xama, Georges Gielen, Wim Dobbelaere, and Ronny Vanhooren. "ADAGE: Automatic DfT-Assisted Generation of Test Stimuli for Mixed- Signal Integrated Circuits." IEEE Design & Test 35, no. 3 (June 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2018.2799800.

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35

Tripathi, Gyanendra Nath, and Hiroaki Wagatsuma. "PCA-Based Algorithms to Find Synergies for Humanoid Robot Motion Behavior." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 02 (May 25, 2016): 1550037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843615500371.

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Applying principal component analysis (PCA) to find synergy signal for specific motion of Robot is a standard method. However, implementation of PCA gives synergy solely on quantitative basis. The algorithms proposed in this paper advocates the enhancement of qualitative measure of PCA to locate well-coordinated synergy signals. The two main control strategies of central nervous system (CNS) are taken into account for enhancement of algorithms. First one is the CNS strategy of separate synergy generation for individual limbs and second is the trajectory generation of complex movement using via-points. The proposed algorithms find the synergy without loss of generality of implementation. Humanoid robot NAO is used as a robotic platform to test the result of the algorithm. The synergy for a group of motors is calculated by implementing the algorithm on motors position sensor data of the robot corresponding to three motion pattern 1. Knee bend sitting–standing, 2. Sitting–standing on chair, and 3. Walking. The improvement in result is statistically measured by calculating error between original and reconstructed signal for proposed algorithms and applying Z-test tested on error signals. Another statistical measure of improvement is treated by calculating ‘Goodness of Fit’ for original and reconstructed signal.

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Li, Huai Jian, Si Song Feng, and Xin Bo Wu. "Research on the Design Method of the Navigation Message for GLONASS Signal Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1312.

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Navigation message provides receivers with important information about the satellite ephemeris, satellite work status and time systems. Correct navigation message enables receivers to achieve the rapid positioning, time service and other functions. The generation of navigation data is a key part of the GLONASS signal simulator.This paper studies the software part of GLONASS satellite signal simulator and describes the generating process of navigation message in detail. This paper studies the structure of GLONASS signal simulator, focusing on the design and calculation of important parameters of navigation message. After commercial receivers test the output signal from the satellite signal simulator, analysis results show that the navigation message is reasonable in this design method.

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Wei, Shuangjiao, Bin’ai Li, Min Xue, Wenbin Zhao, Zhenglan Bian, and Fenghong Chu. "Research on An Improved Phase Generation Carrier Demodulation Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2219, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2219/1/012033.

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Abstract Traditional phase generation carrier (PGC) demodulation algorithm is often affected by modulation depth C and carrier phase delay θ. An improved PGC demodulation method was put forward in this article. The results show that when in different modulation depth, the demodulation result was stable and almost identical to the original signal to be test. With different phase delay values, such as θ=30°and 60°, the signal amplitude demodulated by the improved algorithm was consistent with the original signal. The new demodulation method can make the accuracy of the phase generation carrier technology better and improve the system performance.

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Bae, Youngseok, Sunghoon Jang, Sungjun Yoo, Minwoo Yi, Joonhyung Ryoo, and Jinwoo Shin. "Automatic Bias Control Technique of Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Quadrupled Signal Generation." Photonics 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030080.

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The radio frequency (RF) signal generation method using an external modulator is widely used in microwave photonics applications because it has the advantage of being able to generate coherent and stable RF signals with a higher resolution performance compared to the conventional method. A Mach–Zehnder modulator is widely used as an external modulator due to its high electro-optic coefficients and low attenuation characteristics but has a critical problem in that its electrical characteristics are changed by external environments such as temperature. In this paper, we considered the stabilization configuration to overcome this problem and propose an automatic bias control technique based on the simulated annealing algorithm of a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) for quadruple signal generation. The proposed technique searches for the bias voltages of the modulator in real-time through the temperature test. In addition, the output of the quadrupled signal of the DPMZM is constantly controlled throughout the temperature range. Finally, it is confirmed that signals of a 10 GHz and 22 GHz frequency are generated using the intermediate frequency signals of a 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz frequency with the proposed automatic bias control technique, respectively.

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M. Nanak Zakaria, Achmad Setiawan, Ahmad Wilda Y, and Lis Diana Mustafa. "Gaussian Distributed Noise Generator Design Using MCU-STM32." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 6, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v6i2.3684.

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The random noise signal is widely used as a test signal to identify a physical or biological system. In particular, the Gaussian distributed white noise signal (Gaussian White Noise) is popularly used to simulate environmental noise in telecommunications system testing, input noise in testing ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) devices as well as testing other digital systems. Random noise signal generation can be done using resistors or diodes. The weakness of the noise generator system using physical components is the statistical distribution. An alternative solution is to use a Pseudo-Random System that can be adjusted for distribution and other statistical parameters. In this study, the implementation of the Gaussian distributed pseudo noise generation algorithm based on the Enhanced Box-Muller method is described. Prototype of noise generation system using a minimum system board based on Cortex Microcontroller or MCU-STM32F4. From the test results, it was found that the Enhanced Box-Muller (E Box-Muller) method can be applied to the MCU-STM32F4 efficiently, producing signal noise with Gaussian distribution. The resulting noise signal has an amplitude of ±1Volt, is Gaussian distributed and has a relatively wide frequency spectrum. The noise signal can be used as a jamming device in a certain frequency band using an Analog modulator.

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Chen, Zhang Wei, Xiang Wen, and Dong Jiao Chen. "Application Research for Super-Gaussian Random Vibration Test Control Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 141 (November 2011): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.141.83.

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The super-Gaussian random vibration test has increasingly attracted attention for its existed advantages in comparison with traditional random vibration test. The super-Gaussian random signal generation principle is investigated in study based on the research about control theory for the super-Gaussian random vibration test, meanwhile, super-Gaussian random drive signal used in control system is obtained from Poisson process and filter theory. The experiment proves that high control accuracy of output power spectrum and kurtosis can be realized by taking super-Gaussian random vibration control strategy proposed in paper, which is consistent with the requirement in engineering. In the end, super-Gaussian random vibration control system is applied into the Highly Accelerated life Testing(HALT) for the incandescent lamp, and a comparison between super-Gaussian random vibration test and traditional Gaussian distribution random vibration test is carried out, the comparison results indicate that super-Gaussian random vibration excitation signal comparing with Gaussian distribution signal can markedly quicken the fatigue failure process for incandescent lamp.

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Stryhun, V., R. Barvinok, O. Bilous, and V. Tolmachov. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR TESTING OF NAVIGATION USER EQUIPMENT OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS USING A NAVIGATION SIGNAL SIMULATOR." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.6.2020.11.

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Satellite navigation technologies are widely used around the world. Existing systems are constantly being upgraded, new satellites are being launched, satellite signals are being improved, military signals that are more resistant to interference are being gated in, ground-based navigation systems are being deployed, and the characteristics of GNSS user equipment are being improved. The effectiveness of GNSS user equipment is influenced by many different factors - from its internal circuit to the signal transmission medium where it is used. Testing of GNSS equipment consists in characterization of system performance and ensuring that manufacturer quality standards are met and expectations of the end user are satisfied. The solution of problems related to the testing of GNSS user equipment is the use of such equipment as simulators, GNSS signal recording and reproduction equipment, broad spectrum signal generation equipment, software for testing GNSS user equipment in laboratory conditions. The abovementioned equipment makes it possible to fully automate the test process by repeatedly performing user-defined scenarios. The use of signal generators for GNSS simulation has advantages over the use of a live GNSS signal. When using live signals the test conditions change constantly and unpredictably, therefore it is unlikely that two identical sequential tests will be performed under the same conditions. Retest is the most important requirement for the test process. The article deals with methods improvement and proposes the choice for rational equipment composition for GNSS user testing equipment.

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Wang, Li, Wenli Chen, Kai Chen, Renjun He, and Wenjian Zhou. "The Research on the Signal Generation Method and Digital Pre-Processing Based on Time-Interleaved Digital-to-Analog Converter for Analog-to-Digital Converter Testing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031704.

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In the high-resolution analog circuit, the performance of chips is an important part. The performance of the chips needs to be determined by testing. According to the test requirements, stimulus signal with better quality and performance is necessary. The main research direction is how to generate high-resolution and high-speed analog signal when there is no suitable high-resolution and high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC) chip available. In this paper, we take the high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chips test as an example; this article uses high-resolution DAC chips and multiplexers to generate high-resolution high-speed signals that can be used for testing high-resolution ADC chips based on the principle of time-alternating sampling. This article explains its method, analyzes its error and proposes a digital pre-processing method to reduce the error. Finally, the actual circuit is designed, and the method is verified on the circuit. The test results prove the effectiveness of this method for generating high-resolution ADC test signals.

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Pan, Zhong Liang, and Ling Chen. "Test Generation for Glitch Faults of Crosstalk Effects in Digital Circuits Based on Genetic Algorithm with Niche." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.647.

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The more signal path ways close to each other in digital circuits, the greater the coupling effects. The coupling effects can led to an increasing number of signal integrity related faults such as crosstalk faults. In this paper, the glitch faults of crosstalk effects are studied. First of all, the test vector generation using signal paths of circuits is given. Secondly, a new test method for crosstalk faults in digital circuits is presented, which is based on the genetic algorithm with niche. The test method can detect the maximal crosstalk effects, i.e. the test vectors to be produced is to switch a set of aggressors that maximizes the switching of total coupling effects. The test method is also used to produce the test vectors of multiple crosstalk faults. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can get the test vectors of the multiple crosstalk faults if the faults are testable.

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Knappe, Sabine, Susanne Till, Gabriele Gerstenbauer, Friedrich Scheiflinger, and Michael Dockal. "The Application of Thrombin Generation Test Is Compromised By Antithrombin III Deficiency." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4663.4663.

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Abstract Background: Antithrombin III (ATIII) is a stoichiometric inhibitor of factor Xa and thrombin and a major physiological regulator of coagulation. Reduction of ATIII levels, for example in patients with congenital ATIII deficiency, causes a rise in active thrombin which is associated with risk of venous and arterial thrombosis (1, 2). The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) assay is widely used to measure thrombin generation in human plasma. Therewith, the fluorogenic substrate Z-G-G-R-AMC is cleaved by the thrombin emerging over time in the plasma sample. Thus, an increase in fluorescence signal reflects the amount of thrombin provided that fluorogenic substrate is in excess over thrombin. To account for substrate consumption, plasma color, and 'inner filter' effect, the fluorescence signal is compared to alpha-2-macroglobulin thrombin complex, the thrombin calibrator. In this complex, thrombin is protected from its physiological inhibitors, but retains its ability to cleave small substrates (3). Aim: We assessed the technical feasibility of measuring the effect of ATIII reduction on thrombin generation in normal and FVIII-inhibited human plasma in the tissue factor (TF) triggered CAT assay. Methods: CAT was performed in ATIII deficient plasma with 1 pM of TF to trigger thrombin generation. The plasma was supplemented with 0.125 - 2.5 µM ATIII to achieve ATIII plasma levels of 5 - 100% of normal. The ATIII titration was also done in ATIII deficient plasma inhibited with a goat polyclonal anti-human FVIII antibody to simulate hemophilia A conditions. Raw data analysis focused on the velocity of fluorescence signal increase, which is usually automatically converted to nM of thrombin by the Thrombinoscope software. Results: Reduced ATIII levels resulted in an apparent concentration dependent increase in thrombin generation in both normal and FVIII inhibited human plasma. For example, a reduction from 2.5 to 1.25 µM ATIII resulted in an apparent increase of 45 - 55% in thrombin peak and ETP values. Most importantly, analysis of the raw data showed that the fluorescence signal reached a plateau after 30 min (normal plasma) and 50 min (FVIII-inhibited plasma) in samples with <1.25 µM ATIII. The plateau (at ~1700 FU) is due to complete depletion of fluorescent substrate. In comparison, samples with ³1.25 µM ATIII did not reach a plateau and show substrate conversion until the end of the assay. In summary, a plasma level of at least 1.25 µM ATIII (50% of normal) was required to obtain thrombin generation profiles which were not compromised by fluorogenic substrate depletion. Below 1.25 µM ATIII, it is not possible to distinguish between inhibition of thrombin and excessive consumption of fluorescence substrate, and therefore, data may be misinterpreted. Conclusion: Thrombin generation at low ATIII plasma levels is difficult to interpret as the physiological inhibition of the generated thrombin is reduced. Consequently, the thrombin substrate is consumed, resulting in substrate depletion. Therefore, we conclude that the CAT assay is technically not suitable to assess the effect of ATIII levels < 1.25 µM ATIII corresponding to 50% of normal plasma. Disclosures Scheiflinger: Baxalta Innovations GmbH: Employment.

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Flores, Maria da Glória, Marcelo Negreiros, Luigi Carro, and Altamiro Susin. "A Noise Generator for Embedded Circuits Testing." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 1, no. 1 (November 16, 2004): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v1i1.253.

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This paper describes the implementation of a white noise generator to be used as the input signal of a new method for testing analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and linear filters. The main goal of this method is to avoid the comparison of the output signal with a known and very precise reference input. The proposed white noise generator is easily implemented, with less complexity than others excitation signals. The use of noise as the input signal avoids concerns about the inherent noise present in all electronic systems. The testing technique is based on the analysis of the spectral response of the CUT output. This paper covers the generation of the excitation signal, as well as simulation and practical results are presented to prove the efficiency of the test method.

46

Zhou, Jingyu, Shulin Tian, Chenglin Yang, and Xuelong Ren. "Test Generation Algorithm for Fault Detection of Analog Circuits Based on Extreme Learning Machine." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/740838.

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This paper proposes a novel test generation algorithm based on extreme learning machine (ELM), and such algorithm is cost-effective and low-risk for analog device under test (DUT). This method uses test patterns derived from the test generation algorithm to stimulate DUT, and then samples output responses of the DUT for fault classification and detection. The novel ELM-based test generation algorithm proposed in this paper contains mainly three aspects of innovation. Firstly, this algorithm saves time efficiently by classifying response space with ELM. Secondly, this algorithm can avoid reduced test precision efficiently in case of reduction of the number of impulse-response samples. Thirdly, a new process of test signal generator and a test structure in test generation algorithm are presented, and both of them are very simple. Finally, the abovementioned improvement and functioning are confirmed in experiments.

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Lu, Yong Xing, and Jia Hua Guo. "Method Based on Bi-Spectrum Research on Driving Signal Generation in Multi Random Vibration Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2614.

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A new method based on bi-spectrum for generating random driving signal in time domain is presented for multi shakers in random vibration test. Firstly, the equivalent relationship of amplitudes and phases between auto-spectrum and bi-spectrum are established, Secondly, MIMO linear system are supposed, relations between driving bi-spectrum and response bi-spectrum are set up, inverse operation are used for calculating the driving bi-spectrum, Finally, the equivalent relationship are obtained, random driving signal in time domain according with reference requests are got. A numerical example is done, the result show existence of the equivalents. At the same time, random vibration experiment about cantilever beam is made to prove the effective aspects of the method.

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Zhong, Zijia, and Joyoung Lee. "Virtual Guide Dog: Next-generation pedestrian signal for the visually impaired." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 2020): 168781401988309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019883096.

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Accessible pedestrian signal was proposed as a mean to achieve the same level of service that is set forth by the Americans with Disabilities Act for the visually impaired. One of the major issues of existing accessible pedestrian signals is the failure to deliver adequate crossing information for the visually impaired. This article presents a mobile-based accessible pedestrian signal application, namely, Virtual Guide Dog. Integrating intersection information and onboard sensors (e.g. GPS, compass, accelerometer, and gyroscope sensor) of modern smartphones, the Virtual Guide Dog application can notify the visually impaired: (1) the close proximity of an intersection and (2) the street information for crossing. By employing a screen tapping interface, Virtual Guide Dog can remotely place a pedestrian crossing call to the controller, without the need of using a pushbutton. In addition, Virtual Guide Dog informs VIs the start of a crossing phase using text-to-speech technology. The proof-of-concept test shows that Virtual Guide Dog keeps the users informed about the remaining distance as they are approaching the intersection. It was also found that the GPS-only mode is accompanied by greater distance deviation compared to the mode jointly operating with both GPS and cellular positioning.

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Zmysłowski, Dariusz, and Jan M. Kelner. "Mobile Network Operators’ Assessment Based on Drive-Test Campaign in Urban Area for iPerf Scenario." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2024): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031268.

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The development of new telecommunication services requires the implementation of advanced technologies and the next generations of networks. Currently, the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a widely used standard. On the other hand, more and more mobile network operators (MNOs) are implementing the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio standard in their networks. It allows for increasing throughput, spectral, and energy efficiency and maximizing coverage, while reducing latency. The effectiveness of the introduced changes is measured by assessing the quality of service (QoS) in mobile networks. The paper presents the result evaluation of the QoS measurement campaign carried out using the drive test method in an urban area for four MNOs. We analyze the data transmission scenario, which is the basis of most modern telecommunications services. The result comparison provides an assessment of the 5G service implementation advancement by MNOs. In this analysis, we consider many QoS metrics (e.g., session time, throughput, and round-trip time) and parameters defining the radio signal quality (i.e., reference signal received power, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio). Our work also included searching for relationships between these parameters, using a correlation analysis. It allows for the selection of uncorrelated parameters to assess the quality of network, i.e., MNO evaluation, in terms of the provided QoS.

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Liu, G. P., P. H. Mu, G. Guo, X. T. Liu, and G. S. Hu. "High-quality random bit generation based on a cascade-coupled nano-laser system." Laser Physics Letters 21, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 035206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ad1f4f.

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Abstract In this paper, a novel method is proposed to generate high-quality chaotic signals using three cascade-coupled nano-lasers (NLs), and generate high-speed, high-quality random number sequences. The master NL (MNL) is subjected to optical feedback, and its output is injected into the intermediate NL (INL), which is further injected into the slave NL (SNL). In the simulation, we first adjust proper parameters so that the SNL generates a chaotic signal with a large bandwidth and time-delay signature concealment. After performing self-delayed differential processing on the chaotic signal, and utilizing an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter for sampling and quantization, followed by extraction of the m-bits least significant bit, the final random bit sequence is obtained. Finally, we use NIST SP 800-22 to test the generated random numbers. The results demonstrate that the obtained random number sequence successfully passed all tests specified by NIST SP 800-22.

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