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1
Hojati, S., H. Khademi, J. M. Arocena, A. Faz Cano, and S. Ayoubi. "Chronostratigraphic distribution and genesis of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of the Isfahan region, central Iran." Clay Minerals 47, no. 1 (March 2012): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2012.047.1.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNo comprehensive study has yet been conducted to determine the chronostratigraphic distribution of palygorskite in the Tertiary sediments of Iran. Thirty sediment samples of different Tertiary epochs were taken, based on the field observations and geological maps. The clay fraction of samples was then investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results showed that sediments of the Miocene and Pliocene had large amounts of palygorskite whereas no trace of this mineral was found in the sediments from the Palaeocene, Eocene and Oligocene. Geochemical analyses revealed that sediments younger than the Oligocene had greater amounts of soluble Mg and H4SiO4and a higher pH than those of the Palaeocene and Eocene. The stability diagram of the smectite-palygorskite system suggests that smectite is unstable and transforms to palygorskite in Neogene sediments. The SEM micrographs showed palygorskite as interwoven fibrous mats, coatings, pore-fillings and pore-bridging material in Neogene sediments. This textural evidence suggests a direct chemical precipitation of palygorskite by dissolution of silicates under the alkaline conditions. The results also suggest that geochemical conditions in the Early Tertiary era, represented by deep-sea conditions in central Iran, were not apparently favourable for palygoskite formation until the Late Oligocene.
2
Jovancicevic, Branimir, Aleksandar Sainovic, Olga Cvetkovic, Ivan Filipovic, Petar Asanin, and Dragomir Vitorovic. "Investigation of pretertiary and tertiary surface sediments from Serbia: Organic geochemical interpretation." Chemical Industry 56, no. 1 (2002): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0201025j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Samples of surface sediments originating from different localities in Serbia which contained more than 0.5 % organic matter were investigated in this paper. According to age, these samples were classified into two groups sediments of pretertiary age and sediments of tertiary age. Bulk and specific organic geochemical parameters were determined for their methylene chloride-methanol extracts, aimed at controling the relationship between the age of the sediment and the maturity of its organic substance. In this sense a general direct proportionality was observed. However, a better linear dependence of the bulk parameters was observed in the case of younger, tertiary sediments. That is to say, with samples of pretertiary age the organic matter maturity was approaching a definite limiting value contributing to an inferior linear dependence of their bulk maturation parameters. Nevertheless, the dependence was found to be preserved with specific maturation parameters (e.g., CPI; Fit/n-C18), the changes of which are generally more intensive at higher maturity degrees.
3
Madon, Mazlan. "On The Supposed Onshore Extension Of The Penyu Basin, Peninsular Malaysia." Warta Geologi 47, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/wg473202102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Penyu Basin is a Tertiary sedimentary basin located offshore Peninsular Malaysia. The basin is assumed to continue westwards beneath the Pahang River delta where as much as 115 m of Quaternary sediments overlie a bedrock of pre-Tertiary granites and metamorphic rocks. No Pliocene or older sediments beneath the delta have been reported. If the Quaternary sediments are considered as part of the Cenozoic Penyu Basin, the basin’s western limit may be delineated at the foothills of the coastal plain where those sediments onlap onto pre-Tertiary rocks. Therefore, any sedimentary rock of Tertiary age that may occur to the west of that limit most probably represents a separate basin.
4
Emeleus, C. H. "The Tertiary lavas and sediments of northwest Rhum, Inner Hebrides." Geological Magazine 122, no. 5 (September 1985): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSeveral small outliers of Tertiary lavas and sediments rest with strong unconformity on a buried landscape eroded from Torridonian sediments and Tertiary granophyre. Erosion continued during the period of sediment and lava accumulation. Four formations are recognized; these are, in order of increasing age, the Orval Formation (hawaiite and basaltic hawaiite lavas), the Guirdil Formation (icelandite lavas, interbedded conglomerates), the Upper Fionchra Formation (tholeiitic basaltic andesite lavas, hyaloclastite deposits, basal conglomerate) and the Lower Fionchra Formation (alkali and transitional basalt, basaltic hawaiite and hawaiite lava flows, basal conglomerate); each is separated by an erosional interval. Clasts in the conglomerates reveal a history of erosion of a terrain exposing gneisses, Torridonian sediments, igneous rocks derived from the Rhum Tertiary Central Complex (including allivalites), and Tertiary lavas of local origin but also including, in the oldest conglomerates, tholeiitic basalts not now preserved on or near Rhum. Prior to and during lava and sediment accumulation, erosion on Rhum had cut down to a level similar to that of the present day, although not to the extent that high-grade thermally altered rocks, which are a marked feature of the Central Complex, were being eroded in any quantity. A sequence of east–west trending valleys, possibly initiated on the line of the earlier Main Ring Fault, drained the area of the Central Complex which then, as now, must have been high ground. Small lakes occasionally formed in the valleys allowing the accumulation of fine-grained sediment with plant remains, and promoting the formation of hyaloclastite deposits when buried by later flows. No source for any of the lava formations is preserved on Rhum; they are thought to have come from feeders north of Rhum, possibly near Canna, and to have ponded against the hills and valleys near and in the Central Complex.The oldest tholeiitic lavas, not now found in situ, were followed by alkali and transitional flows compositionally similar to the Skye Main Lava Series but characteristically feldsparphyric; the most mafic also contain phenocrysts of magnesian olivine (with included Cr-Al-rich spinels) and aluminous spinel. Both the early alkalic/transitional basalts and the youngest hawaiites and basaltic hawaiites equilibrated at pressures < 9 kb; the tholeiitic basaltic andesites and icelandites equilibrated at relatively shallows depths.Apart from a few N–S to NW–SE-trending basalt dykes, the lava formations represent the youngest Tertiary igneous event on Rhum.
5
Cisternas, Maria Eugenia, and Leonardo L. Diaz. "Tertiary lacustrine sediments of Lonquimay, Chile." Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I 1985, no. 9-10 (July 9, 1986): 1351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zbl_geol_pal_1/1985/1986/1351.
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6
Alcalá-García, F. J., M. Martín-Martín, and A. López-Galindo. "Clay mineralogy of the Tertiary sediments in the Internal Subbetic of Málaga Province, S Spain: implications for geodynamic evolution." Clay Minerals 36, no. 4 (December 2001): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855013640013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe clay mineralogy of a set of Tertiary marine sediments from the Internal Subbetic of the Betic External Zone was examined. Two types of sedimentary environment were distinguished: a platform environment consisting of limestones, marls, organogenic limestones, conglomerates and silexites distributed heterogeneously in time and space; and deep environments, where the sedimentation consisted of marls, marly limestones, marly clays and silexites, with no sedimentary gap. A third group of sediments studied belongs to the Águila Complex, with mineralogical and stratigraphic characteristics very similar to the platform sediments. This third type of sediment is found in the sediments of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex as large, disperse blocks resulting from tectonic activity. A very similar mineral association was observed in all three domains, consisting of smectite, illite, mixed-layer I-S, kaolinite and lesser amounts of palygorskite and chlorite. Materials mainly derive from the erosion of Mesozoic sediments, and sedimentation was controlled by the compressive tectonics of the region.
7
Clowes, Ron M., and Ewa Gens-Lenartowicz. "Upper crustal structure of southern Queen Charlotte Basin from sonobuoy refraction studies." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Queen Charlotte Basin, which lies on the west coast of Canada, was the location of a petroleum exploration program in the 1960's. Recently published tectonic models indicate that estimates of hydrocarbon potential require re-evaluation, and a renewed exploration interest has been expressed. In 1981, a seismic refraction survey of the upper crust using radio-telemetering sonobuoys and a 27 L air-gun source was carried out. A particular objective of the study was to determine the existence and depth extent of any sedimentary layer, hypothesized on the basis of other studies, beneath or within the Tertiary Masset volcanics in which some of the exploration wells had terminated. Three reversed profiles and one unreversed profile up to 40 km long were recorded. Interpretation of the data made use of the travel-time and amplitude information of the seismic sections by comparison with theoretical sections computed by two-dimensional ray tracing and a new asymptotic ray theory synthetic seismogram algorithm.Consistent with the earlier industry results, sediment thicknesses vary considerably throughout the southern Queen Charlotte Basin. The Tertiary Masset volcanics appear to be pervasive throughout the study area, with thicknesses varying from less than 1 km to greater than 3 km. On three of the four profiles a low-velocity layer, interpreted as Mesozoic sediments or sediments interbedded with volcanics, was found to lie beneath the volcanics. Thicknesses ranged from about 1 km to zero at a pinchout. The lowermost layer of all models is considered to be crustal rocks and is identified with the top of Wrangellia, an allochthonous terrane proposed to underlie the southern Queen Charlotte Basin. Along the profile for which no low-velocity layer sediments were interpreted, the Wrangellia terrane forms a dome rising to within 2 km of the surface. Other recent studies suggest that hydrocarbon sources could be associated with the Mesozoic rocks of Wrangellia and with any sediments underlying the Tertiary lavas, as well as with Tertiary marine sediments above the volcanics. Thus further exploration is warranted.
8
Villasante-Marcos, Víctor, Francisca MartÍNez-Ruiz, María Luisa Osete, and Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi. "Magnetic characterization of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sediments." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42, no. 9 (September 2007): 1505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00588.x.
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9
Venkatachala, B. S., and R. K. Kar. "Reworked PermianDulhuntyisporain Tertiary sediments of northeastern India." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 14, no. 3 (January 1990): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519008619053.
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10
Yuan, Tianson, G. D. Spence, and R. D. Hyndman. "Structure beneath Queen Charlotte Sound from seismic-refraction and gravity interpretations." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A combined multichannel seismic reflection and refraction survey was carried out in July 1988 to study the Tertiary sedimentary basin architecture and formation and to define the crustal structure and associated plate interactions in the Queen Charlotte Islands region. Simultaneously with the collection of the multichannel reflection data, refractions and wide-angle reflections from the airgun array shots were recorded on single-channel seismographs distributed on land around Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound. For this paper a subset of the resulting data set was chosen to study the crustal structure in Queen Charlotte Sound and the nearby subduction zone.Two-dimensional ray tracing and synthetic seismogram modelling produced a velocity structure model in Queen Charlotte Sound. On a margin-parallel line, Moho depth was modelled at 27 km off southern Moresby Island but only 23 km north of Vancouver Island. Excluding the approximately 5 km of the Tertiary sediments, the crust in the latter area is only about 18 km thick, suggesting substantial crustal thinning in Queen Charlotte Sound. Such thinning of the crust supports an extensional mechanism for the origin of the sedimentary basin. Deep crustal layers with velocities of more than 7 km/s were interpreted in the southern portion of Queen Charlotte Sound and beneath the continental margin. They could represent high-velocity material emplaced in the crust from earlier subduction episodes or mafic intrusion associated with the Tertiary volcanics.Seismic velocities of both sediment and upper crust layers are lower in the southern part of Queen Charlotte Sound than in the region near Moresby Island. Well velocity logs indicate a similar velocity variation. Gravity modelling along the survey line parallel to the margin provides additional constraints on the structure. The data require lower densities in the sediment and upper crust of southern Queen Charlotte Sound. The low-velocity, low-density sediments in the south correspond to high-porosity marine sediments found in wells in that region and contrast with lower porosity nonmarine sediments in wells farther north.
11
Smith, N. J. "The age and structural setting of limestones and basalts on the Main Ring Fault in southeast Rhum." Geological Magazine 122, no. 5 (September 1985): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn southeast Rhum, a Mesozoic/Tertiary sequence is preserved as a fault-bounded and rotated wedge. This is juxtaposed between Precambrian rocks (Torridonian sediments and Lewisian gneiss) and caught up in the complex structure of the Tertiary Main Ring Fault (MRF), which shows three distinct phases of movement. The Mesozoic rocks comprise fossiliferous limestone, sandstone and shale, which show differing degrees of thermal metamorphism depending on their relationships to the Layered Complex. On the basis of faunal and lithological evidence the Mesozoic sediments have been correlated with the Lower Liassic Broadford Beds. The Rhum sediments are overlain by sheared Tertiary basalts, the contact between them probably representing the original landscape unconformity. The presence of these younger strata caught up along the MRF provides crucial evidence for a major phase of central subsidence in the early history of the Rhum Tertiary volcanic centre.
12
Saxena, R. K. "Palynostratigraphy of the tertiary sediments of Meghalaya, Northeastern India - Present status and gaps." Journal of Palaeosciences 49, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2000): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2000.139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thick and extensive Tertiary sediments. belonging to both shelf and geosynclinal facies, occupy the southern part of the Meghalaya Plateau. The basal part of these sediments is represented by the Langpar Formation which is followed by Jaintia (Therria. Sylhet Limestone and Kopili formations), Barail (Laisong. Jenam and Renji formations), Surma (Bhuban and Bokabil formations), Tipam (Tipam Sandstone and Girujan Clay formations), Dupitila and Dihing groups. In Garo Hills, these sediments are classified into various other differently named formations. A considerable amount of palynological information has so far been published from these sediments, which provides useful data for biostratigraphic zonation, correlation and age determination and for interpreting palaeoclimate, palaeogeography and environment of deposition. An effort has been made, in the present paper, to synthesize the published palynological work on these sediments in order to understand the present status of the Tertiary palynostratigraphy of Meghalaya. It has been noticed that the various palynozones established in the Tertiary sequence of Meghalaya can be recognized by their peculiar palynofossil assemblages. This is particularly useful in the correlation of homotaxial stratigraphic units in Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills and in the interbasinal correlation. In spite of a good deal of palynodata available, there are plenty of gaps in our knowledge regarding Tertiary palynostratigraphy of Meghalaya that deserve attention of palynologists. These gaps have been identified for the future studies.
13
Srivastava, Suresh C., and A. P. Bhattacharya. "Palynology in stratigraphy of lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequences from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 49, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2000): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2000.155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arunachal Pradesh has a distinct geological setup and significant data have been generated during the last decade both from Permian as well as Tertiary sediments. The palynoflora investigated from Lesser Himalayan Permian sediments of Arunachal Pradesh has been differentiated into five palynozones 1. Plicalipollenites stigmatus 2. Callumispora gretensis 3. Crucisaccites indicus 4. Pselldoreticulatispora baraknrensis and 5. Primuspollenites + Rhizomaspora: the oldest being Palynozone I (Rilu Member, Rangit Formation) representing Late Asselian whilc Palynozones 2-5 (Garu Formation) represent Early Sakmarian to Early Artinskian age.
The palynoassemblages recorded from Tertiary sediments in Arunachal Pradesh largely show the overwhelming presence of angiosperm pollen. viz. Lakiapollis. Neocouperipollis, Arecipites, Pellicieroipollis and Ctenolophonidites. Pteridophytic spores. viz., Todisporites. Cyathidites. Striatriletes and Crassoretitriletes shows similar age connotations. Broadly two distinct palynozones have been differentiatcd. viz., Lakiapollis ovatus and Striatriletes susannae assemblage zones. At some sections presence of dinoflagellate and acritarch indicate marine influence during Early Tertiary.
Permian spores also occur in reworked state within Early Tertiary sediments. Palynological investigations carried out along the thrust suggest that some thrust slices of Tertiary rocks arc wedged deep within the Permian outcrops. These evidences indicate severe post depositional tectonic effect in these regions. Palynological evidences along with faunal evidences. Wherever possible, have been summarised to decipher the stratigraphic resolutions, palaeogeography and palaeoenvironment of the region.
14
Johnson, Walter E. "Direct detection of gas in pre‐Tertiary sediments?" Leading Edge 14, no. 2 (February 1995): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1437100.
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Abuharbah, Almagtof Ahmed, Emhemed Alfandi, and Mohamed Ali Alrabib. "BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF CRETACEOUS- TERTIARY BOUNDARY IN SOUTHWESTERN OF TRIPOLI/SABRATH BASIN OFFSHORE LIBYA (CONCESSION NC41)." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v2i2.55-72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study deals with Cretaceous- Tertiary unconformity in the southwestern part of the Tripoli- Sabratha Basin Off-Shore Libya (Concession 41). A detailed biostratigraphic study has mainly carried out by means of ditch cutting samples analysis from five wells: F1, N1, G1, P11and K1 NC41. Successive sediments above and below the Cretaceous / Tertiary boundary are related to the following formation: Metlaoui Formation, El Haria Formation (A&B Members), Abiod Formation, Aleg Formation, Doulelb Equivelant Formation and Zebbag or Zebbag Eq. Formation, that have a wide distribution in both Off-Shore Libya and Tunisia Biostratigraphic analysis led to the identification of Upper and Lower Paleocene Bio-Zones, according to the biostratigraphic scheme proposed by Agip (1985) for the Mediterranean area.
In the study area the duration of the Cretaceous / Tertiary hiatus increases from east to west. The South- eastern side of NC41 (well F1) has a minimum hiatus of the Cretaceous/Tertiary unconformity. In the South-western side (Wells N1, G1, P1, &K1) the Cretaceous/Tertiary unconformity increases to reach the maximum hiatus in Well P1 where the Conacian/Santonian sediments (Douleb Eq) are overlain by the Lower Eocene sediment (Metlaoui Formation). Absolute value of the Cretaceous / Tertiary hiatus can be estimated by absence of successive bio-zones. Consequently, minimum approximates to 2 MY marked in Well F1, and maximum hiatus approximates to 30 MY marked in Well P1.
The occurrence and relative abundance of planktonic and several benthic foraminiferal taxa can be used to recognize the depositional environments. During most of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleocene deep marine conditions prevailed. Conversely, the Lower Eocene was mainly characterized by shallow marine conditions.
16
White, James M. "Evidence of Paleogene sedimentation on Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, west coast, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The palynomorph taxa Ctenosporites eskerensis, Pesavis tagluensis, and Tilia spp. demonstrate that an unnamed sedimentary unit in the Union Port Louis well and float from Mud Bay Creek, Skidegate Inlet, British Columbia, most likely fall in the age range Early Eocene to Early Oligocene. These two localities, 66 km apart, have yielded the oldest Tertiary sediments yet confirmed on the Queen Charlotte Islands or in the Queen Charlotte Basin. The sediments are apparently continental. They exhibit high thermal maturity, which may be due to local volcanism, plutonism, or regional subsidence. The relationship of the Paleogene sediments to the late Tertiary Skonun Formation has not been determined.
17
Boulter, M. C. "Pollen and spore events from the marine Tertiary of North Europe." Journal of Micropalaeontology 5, no. 2 (December 1, 1986): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.5.2.75.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Results are presented of semi-quantitative palynological analyses from two cored boreholes. One is from the central North Sea (16/1-1) and penetrates sediments from the Middle Miocene to the Palaeocene. The other is from the Voring Plateau of the Norwegian Sea (D.S.D.P. Leg 38 site 338) and penetrates sediments from the Early Miocene to the Early Eocene. The results show a number of interesting palynological features and these are discussed in relation to other evidence. The most important of these are: 1, the small range of angiosperm pollen in the Palaeocene; 2, changes in the dinocyst:pollen ratio in Early Eocene sediments in both cores at about the time of an increase in Subtriporopollenites pollen; 3, the presence of triprojectate pollen in the Late Eocene and Middle Oligocene sediments of site 338 some of which may not be reworked; and 4, a clear difference between Neogene and Palaeogene pollen taxa.
18
Friis, Henrik. "The role of faecal pellets in deposition of marine muddy sediments - examples from the Danish Tertiary." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 42 (October 31, 1995): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-42-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The deposition of muds may take place in various types of aggregates and pellets. In some environments this form of sedimentation has been described as important in the formation of the sediment, but very often the aggregated character of the sediment is completely lost by subsequent bioturbation, compaction or diagenesis. The paper describes examples from Danish Tertiary formations, where very early cementation by calcite or pyrite stabilized the sediment and preserved the sandy character of the muddy sediments. One example is an Oligocene shallow water lagoonal heterolith, where the mud laminae are actually well sorted pellet sand. Another example is a Paleocene hemipagic shelf mud, which in early cemented parts consist of porous pellet sand. Outside the cemented area the pelleted character is seen to disappear due to compaction. The examples demonstrate, that possible deposition of mud in high energy environments as pellets and aggregates should be considered when depositional environments are inferred.
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Kar, R. K. "Stratigraphical implications of Tertiary palynological succession in north-eastern and western India." Journal of Palaeosciences 40 (December 31, 1991): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1991.1783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks are found overlying a Precambrian granite basement or occasionally the Sylhet Trap (Late Jurassic) in north-east India whereas in Kutch, western India, the Tertiary rocks rest on the Deccan Trap and its derivatives. In north-east the Tertiary succession is almost complete whereas in Kutch the Early and Middle Palaeocene and Late Eocene sediments are missing. More than 150 spores and pollen genera' are described from the Tertiary sediments but except about 20 all are long ranging. The Early Tertiary palynological succession in north-east and Kutch is more or less similar and all the marker taxa are found simultaneously in the equivalent formations in both the regions. In north-east India, throughout the Tertiary succession, the pteridophytic spores are found in abundance whereas in Kutch they are found in meagre percentage. The distribution of marker taxa throughout the Tertiary has been shown with the help of a chart. It is assumed that during Palaeocene to Eocene the plants grew in tropical, coastal swamps whereas from Oligocene onwards the deposition was mostly riverine in the eastern region.
20
Tripathi, S. K. M., and Trilochan Singh. "Record of Early Tertiary palynotaxa from Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 39, no. (1-3) (December 31, 1990): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1990.1689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Palynotaxa, viz., Ctenolophonidites, Lakiapollis, Tricolporopollis, Pellicieroipollis and Incrotonipollis, have been recovered from the sediments exposed near Rengging along the Siang River, on Yinkiyong-Gobuik road, and near Dalbing in the Yamne Valley in Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. Recovery of these palynotaxa provides additional evidence for the occurrence of Early Tertiary sediments in Arunachal foot-hills and Lesser Himalaya.
21
Eyles, Nicholas, and John J. Clague. "Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation During Advance and Retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in Central British Colombia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 3 (December 13, 2007): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032878ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Thick (400+ m) and well exposed sediment fills in the Fraser and Chilcotin river valleys of central British Columbia record contrasting glaciolacustrine environments of at least two glaciations. The oldest glaciolacustrine sequence comprises deformed gravel, sand, mud, and diamict fades deposited, in part, on stagnant ice trapped in deep narrow valleys at the end of the penultimate glaciation (Early Wisconsinan or older). Younger glaciolacustrine sequences date from the advance and retreat phases of the Late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation {ca. 25-10 ka) and infill a Middle Wisconsinan drainage system cut across older sediments. The Late Wisconsinan advance sequence is dominated by diamict (debris-flow) fades that pass upward into silts. The diamict fades consist largely of reworked older Pleistocene drift and poorly lithified Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments. They record the focusing of large volumes of sediment into one or more glacial lakes occupying deep narrow troughs. Weakly bedded silts in the upper part of the sequence may have been deposited when the lake(s) deepened as glaciers continued to advance and thicken over the study area. It is possible that some advance glaciolacustrine sediments accumulated in subglacial water bodies. Late Wisconsinan deglacial lake sediments form a relatively thin, discontinuous capping in the area and conform to classical notions of gladolacustrine sedimentation involving a seasonal or 'varved' regime. In contrast, no seasonal pattern of sedimentation can be identified in older sequences where the overriding influence on deposition has been the presence of steep subaqueous slopes, buried ice masses, and high sediment fluxes; these, in combination, caused near-continuous downslope movement and resedimentation.
22
Shadfan, H., A. A. Hussen, and F. Alaily. "Occurrence of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of western Egypt." Clay Minerals 20, no. 3 (September 1985): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1985.020.3.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The presence of palygorskite in soils and sediments of the Middle East countries has been widely reported: in Syria (Muir, 1951), Israel (Yaalon, 1955; Barshad et al., 1956; Ravikovitch et al., 1960; Singer, 1971; Singer & Amiel, 1974; Yaalon & Wieder, 1976), Iraq (Al-Rawi et al., 1967; Eswaran & Barzanji, 1974), Lebanon (Lamouroux et al., 1973), Jordan (Wiersma, 1970; Shadfan, 1983; Shadfan & Dixon, 1984; Shadfan et al., 1985) and Saudi Arabia (Aba Husayn & Sayegh, 1977; Elprince et al., 1979; Mashhady et al., 1980; Viani et al., 1983; Lee et al., 1983; Mackenzie et al., 1984; Shadfan & Mashhady, 1985). In Egypt, Elgabaly (1962) indicated the predominance of palygorskite in some of the soils in the western desert and proposed that the mineral had formed from calcareous argillaceous material in a saline lagoon. Hassouba & Shaw (1980) found palygorskite to be a major component of the clay fraction in caliche crusts in the coastal plain of north-western Egypt and considered that the palygorskite had formed authigenically in that environment.
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Mehrotra, R. C., R. P. Tiwari, and B. I. Mazumder. "Nypa megafossils from the Tertiary sediments of Northeast India." Geobios 36, no. 1 (January 2003): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(02)00107-9.
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Valeton, Ida. "Tertiary bauxites and associated laterite-derived sediments in India." Quaternary International 51-52 (January 1998): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(98)90211-7.
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Wells, PM, and RS Hill. "Fossil imbricate-leaved Podocarpaceae from tertiary sediments in Tasmania." Australian Systematic Botany 2, no. 4 (1989): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9890387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fifteen new species belonging to five genera (one, Mesibovia, newly described) of the Podocarpaceae with imbricate leaves are described from Oligocene–Early Miocene localities in Tasmania. Nine of these species belong to Dacrycarpus, which is now extinct in Australia, and their living affinities are widespread in latitude and altitude from New Zealand to New Guinea. Three species of Dacrydium s. str. demonstrate that this genus was diverse in Tasmania in the Tertiary, although it is now extinct in Australia. A species of Microstrobos, which is very similar to the extant alpine/subalpine Tasmanian endemic M. niphophilus, occurs in both high- and low-altitude sites, and suggests that this type was once more widespread. The Oligocene Lagarostrobos marginata is intermediate between the two extant species of Lagarostrobos, and suggests a closer relationship between them than do other lines of evidence. Mesibovia rhomboideu, recovered from three localities, shares features with several extant genera, and is of importance in understanding evolution within this group. The significance of the fossils for climatic and vegetation reconstruction is discussed.
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Hill, RS, GJ Jordan, and RJ Carpenter. "Taxodiaceous Macrofossils from Tertiary and Quaternary Sediments in Tasmania." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 3 (1993): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taxodiaceous macrofossils are described from several Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary environments in Tasmania. One new species of Athrotaxis is described, based on vegetative remains and an ovuliferous cone. This species, A. mesibovii, occurs in three sites of Oligocene–Early Miocene age and most closely resembles the extant A. selaginoides in its large leaf size. Another fossil species, Athrotaxis rhomboidea, was originally assigned to the genus Mesibovia in the Podocarpaceae, but examination of ovuliferous cones requires that it be transferred to Athrotaxis. This species was also present in several sites during the Oligocene–Early Miocene. Vegetative remains and ovuliferous cones from the Oligocene Little Rapid River site are assigned to a new species of the extinct genus Austrosequoia, which was previously only known from the Cretaceous of Queensland. The similarity of Austrosequoia to Sequoia is noted, and the possibility that the two are congeneric is emphasised.
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Martínez–Ruiz, F., M. Ortega-Huertas, and I. Palomo. "Climate, tectonics and meteoritic impact expressed by clay mineral sedimentation across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary at Blake Nose, Northwestern Atlantic." Clay Minerals 36, no. 1 (March 2001): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985501547349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe ODP Leg 171B drilled a transect of four sites at Blake Nose in the NW Atlantic providing an excellent record of the K-T boundary. At the deepest, Site 1049, the boundary is marked by a 9–17 cm thick layer formed mostly of green spherules composed of Fe-rich smectite resulting from the diagenetic alteration of tektites and impact glasses. Minor amounts of authigenic zeolites and palygorskite also occur. This association represents a notable break in the clay mineral composition of Cretaceous and Tertiary sequences. The clay mineral assemblages of the Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments are dominated by inherited clays. Aluminium-rich smectite of pedogenic origin is abundant in both Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, indicating a relatively warm and hydrolysing climate across the K-T boundary. At Hole 1049A, where the oldest sediments of the interval were analysed, an increase in kaolinite and smectite down core suggests tectonic rejuvenation and distal transport of illite and kaolinite, probably accompanied by more hydrolysing conditions during the late Maastrichtian.
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Barendregt, R. W., E. Irving, and E. T. Karlstrom. "Paleomagnetism of Quaternary and late Tertiary sediments on Mokowan Butte, southwestern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mokowan Butte in southwestern Alberta is capped by 32 m of unconsolidated sediment comprising five tills and their associated paleosols. Previous stratigraphic work has indicated that the older tills are probably Early Pleistocene to late Tertiary in age. Paleomagnetic studies, based on 125 samples, show that the uppermost till–paleosol unit and the modern subsoil are normally magnetized, whereas the till–paleosol units from the middle of the sequence have reversed magnetization. We argue that these belong to the Brunhes and Matuyama polarity zones, respectively. The lowest part of the sequence has not been studied in detail and is generally too coarse for paleomagnetic sampling, and samples that have been obtained contain no accurate record of the paleofield. These new data, together with those from Wellsch Valley in Saskatchewan, Banks Island in the Northwest Territories, Fort Selkirk in the Yukon, and Merritt in British Columbia, bring to five the number of early Quaternary sequences in Canada that have yielded a record of glacial sediments deposited during the Matuyama chron, and hence record glacial events prior to the last reversal of the geomagnetic field (720 ka).
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Roy, Dhiman Kumer, and BP Roser. "Geochemistry of Tertiary Sequence in Shahbajpur-1 Well, Hatia Trough, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh: Provenance, Source Weathering and Province Affinity." Journal of Life and Earth Science 7 (August 22, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major and trace element compositions of Neogene sandstones and mudrocks from the Shahbajpur-1 (SB-1) well, Hatia trough, Bengal basin, Bangladesh were determined to examine their geochemical characteristics and provenance, in relation to Himalayan uplift, sediment dispersal, and correlation of coeval successions in a basinal context. Major and trace element abundances in the SB-1 succession vary vertically, with SiO2 content decreasing and Al2O3 increasing from the older (Surma and Tipam Groups) to younger (Dupi Tila Group) sediments. Marked geochemical fractionation between sandstones and mudrocks reflects advanced hydrodynamic sorting, and relative enrichment of several elements (e.g., TiO2, Zr, Ce, Th, Cr) suggests sporadic heavy mineral concentration in some sandstones. Major and trace element provenance discriminants indicate a uniform felsic source (Himalayan detritus and recycled sediments) for the entire succession. Values for the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) record moderate weathering in the source, and non-steady state conditions produced by Himalayan uplift. Comparison between the Hatia trough samples and coeval Sylhet trough (P2) sediments shows that the more distal SB-1 succession is compositionally more uniform. Strong similarity in geochemical composition between SB-1 and P2 support the hypothesis that the Hatia trough is an extension of P2, fed by the same dispersal system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20115 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 1-13, 2012
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Larsen, Poul-Henrik, Lars Stemmerik, Troels F. D. Nielsen, and David C. Rex. "Lamprophyric dykes in Revdal, Scoresby Land, East Greenland: conflicting field observations and K-Ar age determinations." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 38 (April 25, 1990): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1990-38-01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Field observations on Iamprophyric dykes in Revdal, Scoresby Land, suggest a Late Permian age and the dykes would thus represent magmatism related to Permian rifting and basin formation, whereas K-Ar age determinations and chemistry suggest a Tertiary age. It is concluded that the dykes probably are Tertiary and never penetrated Upper Permian sediments due to chilling and fracturing at the base of Upper Permian water rich sediments. The dykes most likely belong to a period of alkaline magmatism that followed the onset of sea floor spreading in this part of the North Atlantic around 55 Ma ago.
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Braun, Andreas, and Thekla Pfeiffer. "Cyanobacterial blooms as the cause of a Pleistocene large mammal assemblage." Paleobiology 28, no. 1 (2002): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0139:cbatco>2.0.co;2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the petrography and biochemistry of varved sediments from a Pleistocene mass occurrence of fossil vertebrates in the lake basin of Neumark-Nord (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany). The carbonate portions of the varves appear to be cyanobacterial layers that have been decomposed by benthic bacteria. The biochemical results obtained by absorption spectroscopy and RP-HPLC with UV-detection show that pigments, and probably toxins, characteristic for cyanobacteria are preserved in the sediment. The results of this study indicate the presence in the lake of large amounts of toxic cyanobacteria that probably occurred in seasonal blooms. It seems likely that these toxic cyanobacterial blooms caused the mass death of the large mammals preserved at the Neumark-Nord locality. This model may explain comparable lithologies and vertebrate occurrences in other Tertiary lake sediments such as the Messel oil shale.
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LATRUBESSE, Edgardo Μ., Jean BOCQUENTIN, José Carlos R. SANTOS, and Carlos G. RAMONELL. "PALEOENVIRONMENTAL MODEL FOR THE LATE CENOZOIC OF SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONIA: PALEONTOLOGY AND GEOLOGY." Acta Amazonica 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921997272118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our study provides paleontological and geological data substantiating a paleoenvironmental model for the upper Miocene-Pliocene of Southwestern Amazonia. The extensive Late Tertiary sediments of The Solimões Formation, outcropping in Southwestern Amazonia, were deposited by a complex megafan system, originating in the high Peruvian Andes. The megafan system was the sedimentological response to the Andean Quechua tectonic phase of Tertiary age, producing sediments that fdled the foreland basin of Southwestern Amazonia. Occurrences of varied vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Huayquerian-Montehermosan Mammal age collected in these sediments support this interpretation. The fauna includes several genera and species of fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals and appears to be one that could have lived in or near a riverine habitat. In the Late Pliocene, the megafan system became inactive as a result of the influence of the Diaguita Tectonical Phase.
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Griffin, Miguel. "Modiomytilus, a new mytilid bivalve from the Tertiary of southern Patagonia." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 3 (May 1990): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600001859x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modiomytilus n. gen. is described from Tertiary sediments exposed in the southwestern corner of Santa Cruz province (Argentina). This large mytilid is characterized by its ornamentation of strong comarginal undulations, its smooth ligamentary ridge, and its relatively large anterior adductor muscle. Two new species are assigned to it: Modiomytilus argentinensis n. sp., from the Centinela Formation (Miocene) south of Lago Argentino, and Modiomytilus mercerati n. sp., from the Río Turbio Formation (Eocene) in Sierra Dorotea. Although other species belonging to this new taxon and previously referred to Mytilus have been described from Tertiary sediments in the region, none are known so far from rocks of comparable age outside Patagonia.
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Eyles, N., and John J. Clague. "Landsliding caused by Pleistocene glacial lake ponding–an example from central British Columbia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sections cut through the Quaternary sediment fill of the Fraser River valley in central British Columbia provide evidence for large-scale landsliding during Pleistocene time. Especially notable are thick, laterally extensive diamict beds, consisting mainly of Tertiary rock debris, that occur near the base of glaciolacustrine sequences. These beds were deposited by subaqueous debris flows during one or more periods of lake ponding when advancing Pleistocene glaciers blocked the ancestral Fraser River. The association of diamict beds and glaciolacustrine sediments deposited during periods of glacier advance may indicate a genetic link between slope failure and lake filling. These observations (1) demonstrate the adverse effects of high pore pressures on the stability of slopes underlain by poorly indurated Tertiary rocks and (2) extend the known history of landslides involving these rocks back into the Pleistocene. Key words: landslides, debris flows, Pleistocene, glacial lake.
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Hein, Frances J., and Peta J. Mudie. "Glacial-Marine Sedimentation, Canadian Polar Margin, North of Axel Heiberg Island." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 2 (December 13, 2007): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032861ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Sediment cores, taken at depths of 140 to 300 m across the northwestern shelf of Axel Heiberg Island (82° N), record the deposition of sediments under perennial sea ice. Five sedimentary fades are recognized: (A) soft pebbly-sandy-mud with dropstone structures; (B) bioturbated silty muds; (C) wispy-laminated silty clay/clay; (D) laminated sands/silts and mud; (E) firm pebbly-sandy-mud with chaotic pebble fabrics. Other sediments include terrestrial bedrock of Paleogene Eureka Sound Group, and a younger Tertiary deposit, possibly the Beaufort Formation. Ages range from 1530 ± 60 BP (Fades A) to 9950 ± 80 BP (Fades D). Sedimentation rates vary as follows: - 0.8 cm ka-1, Fades B; 4 cm ka"\ Fades A; 90 cm ka-1, Fades C; 134 cm ka~', Fades D. The sedimentation history, as interpreted from the sedimentology, palynology and foraminiferal results, suggests intervals of more continuous ice cover, with a reduced influx of coarse ice-rafted detritus, alternating with more open water conditions, and high sediment input from meltwater and/or floating icebergs. Only marine sediments overlie Neogene bedrock in the cores. The absence of diamictons at the core sites suggests that grounded ice perhaps never occupied this part of the Axel Heiberg Island shelf. The interpreted history of sedimentation generally corresponds to the land-based record from Ellesmere Island, but differs significantly from marine-based studies in more southern latitudes.
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Moss, Steve J., and Andy Carter. "Thermal histories of Tertiary sediments in western central Sumatra, Indonesia." Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 14, no. 5 (December 1996): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-9547(96)00071-2.
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Segall, M. P., D. E. Buckley, and C. F. M. Lewis. "Clay mineral indicators of geological and geochemical subaerial modification of near-surface Tertiary sediments on the northeastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on mineralogical studies of clay-sized material, two sedimentary environments have been interpreted for the Tertiary sediments on northeastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland: (i) an acidic leaching environment (pH < 7.0) is observed as a weathered, probably desiccated crust directly underlying the Tertiary–Quaternary unconformity; and (ii) an alkaline marine environment directly underlies the weathered zone. The weathered zone has been sampled at depths of 2–3 m (locally) below the seabed surface in the study area. Mineralogically the < 2 μm size fraction is characterized by relatively high kaolinite concentrations (7 – 18%) and a clinochlore component. The more deeply buried sediments have been deposited under marginal to normal marine conditions (a regressive phase, pH 7–8). Clay-sized components in this zone are characterized by high concentrations of expandable minerals (average 45%) and chamosite.Sediments from both of these environments differ from the thin, clay-poor Late Pleistocene – Holocene sands and gravels at the present seabed surface. Late Pleistocene – Holocene sediments have clay-sized mineralogical suites, partially reworked from weathered zone components (up to 15% kaolinite, locally) but are mostly derived from a northern latitude provenance (high illite (average 28%), quartz (average 14%), and feldspar (average 19%)). Expandable mineral phases range from 0 to 24%.The differing clay-sized mineralogical signatures indicate (i) alteration of the Tertiary marine sediments (expandable minerals) by acidic leaching to form a kaolinite-enriched weathered zone; (ii) the reworking of weathered zone materials during deglacial marine transgressions; (iii) the incorporation of sediments from the weathered zone into the Holocene sedimentary regime during Recent times, possibly by ice scouring; (iv) input from northern latitude provenances by reworking of earlier deposited glacial material; and (v) minor clay input to the Late Pleistocene – Holocene sands and gravels from ice rafting over the past 10 000 years.
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Barendregt, R. W., J. S. Vincent, E. Irving, and J. Baker. "Magnetostratigraphy of Quaternary and late Tertiary sediments on Banks Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sediments approximately 50 m thick from Banks Island (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) contain one of the longest terrestrial records of Pleistocene climate changes in North America. Samples have been obtained from 126 horizons distributed among four localitites, of which 116 horizons yielded acceptable paleomagnetic data. In sediments of the Matuyama Reversed Zone, there are recorded at least two and possibly as many as five full continental glaciations, two interglacial intervals, and a nonglacial interval at the beginning which is considered preglacial. Subzones attributable to the Olduvai and Jaramillo are present within the Matuyama Reversed Zone. The Brunhes Normal Zone records three full continental glaciations and three interglaciations. The Brunhes-Matuyama boundary occurs within interglacial deposits. The preglacial Worth Point Formation records a climate milder than today, and cooler than that of the late Tertiary. Based on floral, faunal, stratigraphic, and paleomagnetic constraints, a normal polarity sequence in the Worth Point Formation is assigned to the Olduvai normal polarity subzone (1.95-1.77 Ma). The earliest direct evidence of glaciation on Banks Island occurs in sediments that postdate the Worth Point Formation ( <<1.77 Ma). Consequently, in the western Canadian Arctic, the first continental glaciation postdated the first glaciation in the Canadian Cordillera (2.6 Ma) by at least a million years. The overall mean direction of the Quaternary geomagnetic field in Banks Island does not differ significantly from the geocentric axial dipole field, and these sediments contain no inclination error.
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Kar, R. K., G. K. Handique, C. K. Kalita, J. Mandal, Samir Sarkar, Madhav Kumar, and Asha Gupta. "Palynostratigraphical studies on subsurface Tertiary sediments in Upper Assam Basin, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 42, no. 1-3 (December 31, 1993): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1993.1146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper incorporates the results of palynostratigraphical investigations of subsurface Tertiary sediments from six bore-holes in the Upper Assam Basin, India. A total of 87 palynofossil genera and 120 species belonging to pteridophytic spores, gymnospermous and angiospermous pollen. Fungal spores and ascostromata and dinoflagellate cysts are recorded. The distributional pattern of palynotaxa demonstrates the reliability of palynofloral assemblages in the demarcation of different litho-units as well as for long distance correlation. The recorded palynofloral assemblages are compared with the previous reported assemblages from the north-eastern region. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the palynoflora indicate the presence of lowland subtropical rain forest during Palaeogene times. However, in Neogene it shows distinct development of montane vegetation. Palaeoenvironmental condition of deposition of these sediments is also inferred.
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Emeleus, C. H., W. J. Wadsworth, and N. J. Smith. "The early igneous and tectonic history of the Rhum Tertiary Volcanic Centre." Geological Magazine 122, no. 5 (September 1985): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEarly Tertiary igneous activity on Rhum was preceded by doming and the formation of a major arcuate fault system, the Main Ring Fault (MRF), within which Lewisian gneisses, Torridonian sediments and younger rocks were uplifted by as much as 2 km. Doming and uplift are attributed to the diapiric rise of acid magma which ultimately formed the granophyres and felsites of Rhum. Felsite emplacement was accompanied and immediately preceded by the formation of explosion breccias and tuffisites. This phase involves massive gas escape along the MRF fractures; it marked a period of major subsidence within the MRF during which fossiliferous Jurassic sediments and relics of Tertiary lava flows were brought to low structural levels within the MRF. Finally, a further period of uplift, again of about 2 km, took place once more bringing gneisses and basal Torridonian sediments within the MRF to high structural levels. The driving force for this last phase of uplift may have been provided by a further uprise of acid magma or, more realistically, may have been directly connected with emplacement of layered ultrabasic rocks which now form the core of the Rhum centre.
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Hill, RS. "Leaves of Eucryphia (Eucryphiaceae) from tertiary sediments in south-eastern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 3 (1991): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eucryphia leaves recovered from Tertiary sediments in south-eastern Australia are assigned to three new species, E. falcata (Late Palaeocene, Lake Bungarby), E. microstoma (Early Eocene, Regatta Point) and E. aberensis (Middle to Late Eocene, Loch Aber). Leaves from Early Pleistocene sediments at Regatta Point are re-examined and are considered to be closely related to the extant species, E. lucida and E. milliganii. An examination of the leaf morphology of the fossil and extant species suggests that evolution has taken place, resulting in smaller leaves at higher latitudes and/or altitudes probably in response to climatic change. There is also evidence for an increase in the size and complexity of peltiform cuticular extensions on the abaxial leaf surface from the Early Tertiary to the present, which may be a response to lower water availability or increasing occurrence of frost.
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Leopold, Estella B., Gengwu Liu, J. David Love, and David W. Love. "Plio-Pleistocene climatic transition and the lifting of the Teton Range, Wyoming." Quaternary Research 67, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.10.006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFine-grained lacustrine, riverine and ash-fall sediments of the Shooting Iron Formation, whose late Pliocene age is established by Blancan gastropods and vertebrates, yield a pollen flora that is essentially similar in composition to the modern pollen rain in the Jackson Hole area. The Pliocene assemblage suggests a climate like that of the Jackson valley and foothills today. These spectra also resemble a Pliocene pollen flora from Yellowstone Park dated at ∼ 2.02 Ma. However, the underlying Miocene Teewinot sediments differ by containing pollen of four exotic deciduous hardwoods (Tertiary relicts) that suggest a summer–moist climate, unlike that of today. The Shooting Iron sediments lie with an angular unconformity on and above the Miocene lake sediments of the Teewinot Formation. Both of these deposits probably preceded the main uplift of the Teton Range based on the absence of Precambrian clasts in the Tertiary valley deposits. Because the Pliocene floras were modern in aspect, a Plio-Pleistocene transition would be floristically imperceptible here. The sequence denotes a protracted period of relative stability of climate during Teewinot time, and a shift in vegetational state (summer–wet trees drop out) sometime between the latest Miocene and latest Pliocene. The Pliocene spectra suggest a dry, cooler climate toward the end of Shooting Iron time.
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Zdanowicz, C. M., F. A. Michel, and W. W. Shilts. "Basal debris entrainment and transport in glaciers of southwestern Bylot Island, Canadian Arctic." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1996aog22-1-107-113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glaciers on southwestern Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic flow from an alpine setting in high-grade crystalline Archean terrane, on to coastal lowlands underlain by clastic sedimentary strata of Cretaceous to Tertiary age. We have used the contrasting mineralogy of the substrate as a tool to study subglacial entrainment and transport of debris in two large piedmont glaciers on Bylot Island. High chlorite/ and mica-illite/smectite ratios indicate that most basal debris is derived from crystalline rocks underlying the upper reaches of the glaciers. The subglacial accretion of Cretaceous–Tertiary sediments appears restricted to the lowermost part of the basal zone and is most noticeable near the glaciers’ termini. Ice associated with discrete silly–sandy debris layers is characterized by an isotopic signature indicative of refreezing of meltwater at the glacier sole. The compositional, textural and isotopic characteristics of basal sediment and ice lead us to conclude that subglacial entrainment through basal ice accretion occurs in both the upper and marginal parts of the glaciers.
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Zdanowicz, C. M., F. A. Michel, and W. W. Shilts. "Basal debris entrainment and transport in glaciers of southwestern Bylot Island, Canadian Arctic." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500015287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glaciers on southwestern Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic flow from an alpine setting in high-grade crystalline Archean terrane, on to coastal lowlands underlain by clastic sedimentary strata of Cretaceous to Tertiary age. We have used the contrasting mineralogy of the substrate as a tool to study subglacial entrainment and transport of debris in two large piedmont glaciers on Bylot Island. High chlorite/ and mica-illite/smectite ratios indicate that most basal debris is derived from crystalline rocks underlying the upper reaches of the glaciers. The subglacial accretion of Cretaceous–Tertiary sediments appears restricted to the lowermost part of the basal zone and is most noticeable near the glaciers’ termini. Ice associated with discrete silly–sandy debris layers is characterized by an isotopic signature indicative of refreezing of meltwater at the glacier sole. The compositional, textural and isotopic characteristics of basal sediment and ice lead us to conclude that subglacial entrainment through basal ice accretion occurs in both the upper and marginal parts of the glaciers.
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Hill, RS. "Araucaria (Araucariaceae) species from Australian tertiary sediments — a micromorphological study." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 2 (1990): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cuticular micromorphology of four existing and four new species of Araucaria from Australian Tertiary sediments is examined using scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy is very useful for distinguishing species, but less successful for determining the affinities of the fossil species within the genus. Two fossil species, A. balcombensis Selling and A. hastiensis Bigwood & Hill, are closely related to the extant South American species A. araucana (Molina) K. Koch (section Columbea). Five fossil species, A. lignitici Cookson & Duigan, A. planus R. Hill, sp. nov., A. prominens R. Hill, sp. nov., A. readiae R. Hill & Bigwood and A. uncinatus R. Hill, sp. nov., are assigned to section Eutacta, but their affinities within that section are uncertain. One fossil species, A. fimbriatus R. Hill, sp. nov., cannot be placed into a section with confidence. The presence of A. balcombensis and A. hastiensis in south-eastern Australia in the early Tertiary, along with species of Nothofagus in a subgenus now restricted to South America, suggests that there may have been early Tertiary forests in Australia similar to the Araucaria araucana–Nothofagus associations found today near the tree line in the Andes. The presence of at least three Araucaria species at the late Oligocene-early Miocene Monpeelyata deposit suggests that complex araucarian forests similar to those found today in New Caledonia may have been more widespread in the region in the past.
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Dyke, Arthur S., and John V. Matthews. "Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of Quaternary Sediments Along Pasley River, Boothia Peninsula, Central Canadian Arctic." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032689ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Quaternary sediments exposed along Pasley River consist of a lower marine deltaic sand overlain in succession by complexly interbedded tills and glaciomarine sediments (the lower glacigenic assemblage), by a mid-section fluvial gravel, by an upper marine deltaic sand, and by glaciomarine sediment and till (the upper glacigenic assemblage). The midsection fluvial gravels contain plant and insect fossils indicating a climate as warm as and perhaps warmer than present. The top of the gravel is more than 55 000 years old ; the unit is probably of Sangamonian age (>75 000 ka) and separates Wisconsinan from lllinoian glacial deposits. The deltaic sands that underlie both glacigenic assemblages indicate substantial crustal depression during glacial buildup episodes prior to arrival of ice at the site. This implies that the process of buildup was slow and involved glacier expansion into major marine basins. Glaciomarine beds of the lower glacigenic assemblage locally contain abundant detrital terrestrial organic material as well as marine molluscs. The terrestrial organic detritus, an unusual constituent of glaciomarine sediment, is thought to have been released into the sea from glacier ice. These terrestrial fossil asemblages exhibit compositional differences which vary with the sediment faciès and probably reflect taphonomic factors such as differential buoyancy of the fossils. The upper marine deltaic sands contain some "old " rebedded plant detritus and amber indicating a nearby source of Tertiary sediment, possibly equivalent in age to the Beaufort Formation. Other rebedded fossils from the upper deltaic unit may be the same age as the mid-section fluvial gravels.
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Pedersen, A. K., and L. M. Larsen. "Early Tertiary volcanic rocks from eastern Disko and south-eastern Nûgssuaq." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 135 (December 31, 1987): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v135.7992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of an integrated study of the interaction between sedimentary and volcanic facies in the Cretaceous-Tertiary West Greenland basin, early Tertiary extrusive and intrusive basic igneous rocks have been investigated in eastern Disko and south-eastern Nûgssuaq (fig. 1). The volcanic activity started in the early Tertiary. It was centred in the western regions of Disko and Nûgssuaq and west of the present land areas, and consequently western Disko and western Nûgssuaq have a thick and complete volcanic succession, the Vaigat and Maligât Formations (Hald & Pedersen, 1975; Pedersen, 1975a, 1985). The coeval deposits in the eastern part of the basin are clastic sediments of the Upper Atanikerdluk Formation (Koch, 1959). With time, the volcanic deposits prograded eastwards, and eventually the whole area was covered by a coherent basalt plateau. The present study attempts to extend the established volcanic stratigraphy from western Disko and the geological map sheets 1:100 000 Qutdligssat (published in 1976) and Mellemfjord (published in 1987) into eastern Disko and eastern Nûgssuaq where volcanic rocks and sediments interfinger.
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Saxena, R. K. "Validation of Names of Fossil Fungi from Tertiary Sediments of India." Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 22, no. 2 (November 30, 2012): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2009095.
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Shukla, P. N., A. D. Shukla, and N. Bhandari. "Geochemical characterisation of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary sediments at Anjar, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 46, no. (1-2) (December 31, 1997): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1997.1326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geochemical, geochronological, palaeomagnetic and palaeontological evidences that show that the third Intertrappean bed at Anjar encompasses the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary are described. Presence of three well separated iridium rich horizons indicates multiple depositional events. Their origin in volcanic or multiple cometary impacts is discussed. The results are compared with the chemical anomalies observed in Um Sohryngkew River Section in Meghalaya.
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Shimoyama, Akira, Masaki Kozono, Hajime Mita, and Shinya Nomoto. "Maleimides in the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sediments at Kawaruppu, Hokkaido, Japan." GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 35, no. 5 (2001): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.35.365.
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