Дисертації з теми "Terrain et sismique"
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Sliteen, Iyad. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement sismique des tunnels en terrain meuble." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10025/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent collapses of tunnels under construction during earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of this type of structures, especially those located in soft soils (Tunnel Bolu, Turkey, 1999). The study of the seismic response of a tunnel under construction is complex because it requires taking into account the nonlinearity of soil, soil-structure interaction, as well as the evolution of the geometry and three-dimensional aspect due to the presence of the tunnel face.The present work aims to evaluate the influence of excavation on the overall seismic response of a tunnel taking in consideration the presence of the tunnel face. The study is conducted using a three-dimensional numerical modeling by finite differences of the earthquake-tunnel under construction interaction. The proposed model includes an excavation procedure developed by Mroueh (1998), since the method of excavation disturbs significantly the state of geostatistical constraints, and this can affect the response of the structure under seismic loading. The present three-dimensional model allows as well to study the seismic response of the structure subjected to seismic solicitations transverses (to the tunnel axis) and longitudinals. In a second step, we study the influence of the tunnel face reinforcement by bolting on the overall behavior of the structures. A parametric study concerning bolting, the depth of the tunnel and the state of mechanical confinement of the tunnel face were performed
Bontemps, Noélie. "Forçage sismique et déclenchement des mouvements de terrain : apport du suivi de glissements de terrain lents dans la vallée de la Colca, Pérou." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU028.
Повний текст джерелаLandslides are the first secondary effect of earthquakes. Statistical analysis of regional inventories of earthquake-triggered-landslides after large earthquakes (Mw> 6.6) reveal a complex interaction between seismic shaking and rainfall. The consequence of this interaction is an increase of the landslide triggering rate for several months and even years after a large event. Even though a large amount of observation are available, the identification and the quantification of the different processes impacting landslide kinematics during and after an earthquake are very limited, due mainly to a lack of in situ monitoring. The main goal of this thesis is to study these mechanisms in regions where earthquakes and precipitations can be interdependent. To this purpose, we focused on slow-moving landslides, on which we can monitor physical processes of the gravitational dynamic with time.The studied slow-moving landslides are located in the Colca Valley, south Peru. This area presents several advantages: (1) several active slow-moving landslides are active, (2) the region is seismically very active and (3) the precipitations are seasonal.The first approach consists in studying the kinematic response of several slow-moving landslides to the same forcings. A method coming from the InSAR data processing has been adapted to compute time series of displacement fields, thanks to the inversion of satellite optical images. This allows us to go back as far as 28 years in the past in terms of displacements in the Colca Valley. We show the possible impact of a local Mw 5.4 earthquake in 1991 on the kinematics of the Maca landslide. Our results suggest a double effect of the earthquake, with a co- and post-seismic acceleration (<6 years) and a modification of the mechanical properties of the soil (damage) leading to a complex interaction with precipitations.To better understand the mechanisms at the origin of this combined effect, we studied in situ data (GPS and seismometer) acquired continuously on the Maca landslide since 2016. The processing of these data, coupling geodesy and ambient noise interferometry, allowed to evidence and quantify the damage of the soil generated by earthquakes together with the impact of precipitations on its healing. The influence of small magnitude earthquakes during the soil rigidity recovery is also highlighted together with the importance of the temporality between precipitations and earthquakes. Finally, we quantify the retrogression of the landslide thanks to new observation coupling the landslide’s kinematic and soil rigidity variations
Tonnellier, Alice. "Ecoute sismique des glissements de terrain dans les roches argilo-marneuses : détection et identification des sources intervenant dans la progression des glissements." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873617.
Повний текст джерелаJeandet, Louise. "Modélisation numérique des liens entre séismes et glissements de terrain au cours du cycle sismique : processus déclencheurs, distributions de tailles et implications géologiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B063/document.
Повний текст джерелаInteractions between tectonic processes and erosion have been poorly investigated at short time-scales (<1000 years). However, earthquakes can largely contribute to the erosion of mountain belts by triggering widespread landsliding. Moreover, recent studies have shown that such large erosional events could induce stress changes in the fault environment efficient enough to influence regional seismicity. In this thesis, this problematic is tackled through a numerical approach. Firstly, the development of a simple mechanical model accounting for the complexity and variability of natural hillslopes allowed to demonstrate the role of mechanical parameters (cohesion and friction), and of hillslope shape in the probability density function of landslide sizes. This model has been validated using natural cases of co-seismic landsliding. Secondly, the role of unstable hillslope height on large landslide probability has been demonstrated based on natural data, and the exponential distribution of this unstable height has ben shown. Finally, the potential effect of a large erosional event on seismicity has been explored with a numerical model of seismic cycle, in which has been implemented temporal normal stress variations. The results emphasize the role of eroded sediment volume, but also of the export time of sediments away from the mountain belt. In landscape with high unstable hillslopes, large landslides are favored and in turn, could induce fast an important enough erosion to modify regional seismicity
Squarzoni, Cristina. "Mesure des champs de déplacement de surface et modélisation numérique des glissements de terrain." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10262.
Повний текст джерелаSchlupp, Antoine. "NEOTECTONIQUE DE LA MONGOLIE OCCIDENTALE ANALYSEE A PARTIR DE DONNEES DE TERRAIN, SISMOLOGIQUES ET SATELLITAIRES." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00155858.
Повний текст джерелаL'étude de la source des deux séismes de 1905 indique une propagation dominante des ruptures vers l'est. Le séisme de Tsetserleg (Mw = 7,95 ± 0,02.) aurait continué au-delà des ruptures cartographiées. L'initiation du séisme de Bolnaï (Mw = 8,4 ± 0,1) s'est faite à l'intersection entre la faille principale et celle de Teregtiin.
Les ruptures associées au séisme du Gobi-Altaï sont complexes et bordent le massif de Ikhe Bogdo qui subit une rotation antihoraire (24° ± 11° ) depuis le Miocène. L'intervalle de récurrence sur cette faille est d'environ 5000 ans avec une vitesse d'environ 1 mm/an.
Le mouvement sur les failles décrochantes conjuguées de l'Altaï et du Gobi-Altaï est amorti sur des failles inverses, l'ensemble formant des coins en compression. La formation du dôme du Hangaï est le résultat d'une combinaison entre un panache mantélique et du front compressif lié à la collision Inde-Asie. Le massif subit une rotation horaire.
La sismicité correspond à des répliques tardives des séismes récents plus nombreuses sur les segments à rejet vertical que décrochants. Une compression orientée N20 ± 10° permet d'expliquer toutes les déformations indiquant la prépondérance actuelle du front compressif associé à la collision Inde-Asie, précédée d'un épisode mantélique qui a préparé la région. Nous proposons un modèle de déformation pure combinée avec une rotation horaire pour la Mongolie.
Le, Breton Mathieu. "Suivi temporel d'un glissement de terrain à l'aide d'étiquettes RFID passives, couplé à l'observation de pluviométrie et de bruit sismique ambiant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU013.
Повний текст джерелаLandslide early-warning systems are based primarily on monitoring the displacement of the landslide. This work develops a new technique for monitoring these displacements, using radio-frequency identification (RFID) passive tags and phase-based location technique. This technique is deployed for the first time outdoors and for several months. Outdoor conditions revealed strong environmental influences due to temperature variations, moisture, snow and vegetation. These can cause a ±20 cm measurement uncertainty over a year, which is too large for landslide monitoring applications. The correction of these effects allows reaching the accuracy of ±1 cm under normal conditions, ±8 cm with snow and ±4 cm with dense high grass. The remaining effects due to snow and grass are explained by the influence of this material on the direct propagation, on the multipath interferences and on the antennas. This measurement system has been deployed on the Pont-Bourquin landslide for five months. The results validate the technique for landslide monitoring applications. The technique also shows the operational benefits of robustness to bad weather, easy maintenance and low-cost material, compared to conventional techniques (extensometer, GPS, total station).This thesis then studies two complementary monitoring methods that had recently been shown to provide precursors to landslide rupture. First, ambient seismic noise interferometry is used to detect a drop of shear-wave velocity prior to a rupture. The seismic method was studied in the literature to identify what must be developed to use this technique in an operational early-warning system. It requires getting rid of daily and seasonal environmental influences, choosing the processing parameters appropriate to the monitored landslide, and improving the temporal resolution below one day while keeping a stable enough signal. The other method consists of inverting an impulse response between rainfall and displacement rate, with a high resolution. It can shed light on complex infiltration processes (e.g. infiltration with two different delays at Pont-Bourquin) and detect their abnormal evolution across time. These developments should improve landslide operational monitoring with a low budget
Bustamante, Adriana Maria. "Étude de la stabilité sismique de trois talus naturels au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21696.
Повний текст джерелаBernaudin, Maxime. "Rhéologie des failles lithosphériques : vers une compréhension géologique et mécanique de la zone de transition sismique-asismique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT145/document.
Повний текст джерелаThese last twenty years, the development of dense and highly sensitive seismologic and geodetic networks permits the discovery of new geophysical signals named non-volcanic tremor (Obara 2002) and slow slip events (Dragert et al., 2001). The combination of non-volcanic tremor and transient slow slip is commonly observed at plate interface, between locked/seismogenic zone at low depths and stable/ductile creep zone at larger depths (Dragert et al., 2004). This association defines episodic tremor and slip, systematically highlighted by over-pressurized fluids and near failure shear stress conditions. In this thesis we propose to combine a microstructural analysis of exhumed rocks with a modeling approach in order to accurately reproduce and understand the physics of episodic tremor and slip.We focus on continental rocks from the East Tenda Shear Zone (Corsica, France), a kilometer-wide localized Alpine shear zone that record HP/LT deformation (10kb / 400-450°C, Gueydan et al., 2003). Such pressure-temperature conditions are consistent with the location of episodic tremor and slip in subduction zone. Microstructural and EBSD analyses on these rocks describe a pattern of strain localization in centimeter-scale shear zones guiding by a grain size-sensitive creep. Microfracturing of the strong phase (feldspar here) and the sealing of these microfractures act, respectively, as grain size decrease and grain size increase processes.Most of recent modeling approaches of episodic tremor and slip are based on the rate-and-state variable friction law, describing slow slip event and non-volcanic tremor as slow shear slip on a plane. In contrast with such models, we wish to model the entire rock volume, with a ductile grain size-sensitive rheology guided by our microstructural observations (e.g. microfracturing and sealing as grain size variation processes). We hypothesize that slow slip events may result from ductile strain localization and not transient slip on fractures. Fluid pumping during strain localization may trigger whole rock fracturing at near lithostatic conditions that can be the signature of non-volcanic tremor. The 1D numerical model presented here will allow us to validate these assumptions.We also can predict pore fluid pressure variation as a function of changes in porosity/permeability and strain rate-dependent fluid pumping following the Darcy’s flow law. The fluid-enhanced dynamic evolution of microstructure defines cycles of ductile strain localization related to the increase in pore fluid pressure. We show that slow slip events can be ductile processes related to transient strain localization, while non-volcanic tremor can correspond to fracturing of the whole rock at peak of pore fluid pressure. Our model shows that the availability of fluids and the efficiency of fluid pumping control the occurrence of episodic tremor and slip. We also well predict the temperature and depth ranges of episodic tremor and slip: 400-500°C and 30-50 km in subduction zones and ~500°C and 15-30 km in strike slip settings, consistent with natural examples.As simplistic as it is, our field-guided mechanical model well describe, at first order, the relation between high pore fluid pressure, grain size-sensitive rheology and episodic tremor and slip. Some efforts remain to be done like a real fit of geophysical data (GPS) or the introduction of the new mineralogical assemblage, such as mafic rocks to reproduce oceanic environment
Derode, Benoît. "Approche expérimentale in-situ de la signature sismique du rôle des fluides dans la rupture des zones de faille : application à la rupture des grands versants rocheux fracturés." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942554.
Повний текст джерелаTatard, Lucile. "Analyse statistique des glissements de terrain déclenchés : implications sur les contrôles sismiques et climatiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498011.
Повний текст джерелаClaussmann, Barbara. "Dépôts de transport en masse le long de rides chevauchantes : nouvelles contraintes sur l'évolution tectonostratigraphique des bassins associés à la subduction (Marge Hikurangi, Nouvelle-Zélande)." Thesis, Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0034.
Повний текст джерелаAlong active margins, the prevalence of thrust ridges and tectonic processes (e.g., uplift, slope oversteepening) is generally called out as one of the main recurrent reasons for generating slope failures and mass wasting on subduction complexes. The resulting mass-transport deposits (MTDs) are often seen to vary strongly along a single margin and therefore, this research work proposes to investigate their nature, origin and significance in the frame of the tectonostratigraphic evolution of subduction-related sedimentary basins (e.g., trench-slope basins [TSBs]). Here, we present high-resolution outcrop-scale insights on both the characteristics and mechanisms of emplacement of the failed sediments by examining thrust-related MTDs from the Miocene cropping out in the emerged southern portion of the Hikurangi subduction margin (eastern North Island of New Zealand). Regional offshore seismic reflection data are also used to offer a broader overview and understanding of these systems through the study of the larger scale geometries and architectures. Results show the role and importance of the thrust ridges in controlling the TSB infilling. Different styles of MTDs are generated from different structural positions (forelimb and backlimb) and at specific times of thrust-ridge and TSB development. This suggests that MTDs are powerful tectonostratigraphic markers. Here, they help to unravel the evolution of two TSBs and more largely of the Hikurangi Margin at key periods. This study provides new insights on the close interplays between deformation and sedimentation, understandings of which may be key for geohazard, exploration and geodynamic predictions along active margins
Travelletti, Julien. "Imagerie multi-paramètres et multi-résolutions pour l'observation et la caractérisation des mécanismes de glissements-coulées." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806806.
Повний текст джерелаBroucke, Olivier. "Interaction déformation-sédimentation en contexte de sédimentation gravitaire : exemples sismiques (marge angolaise) et de terrain (Grès d'Annot)." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10074.
Повний текст джерелаBroucke, Olivier. "Relations déformation-sédimentation en contexte de sédimentation gravitaire : exemples sismiques (marge angolaise) et de terrain (Grès d'Annot) /." Rennes : Géosciences-Rennes, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39955698m.
Повний текст джерелаSabourault, Philippe. "Du microzonage à la prédiction de mouvements forts : confrontation de mesures de terrain, de simulations numériques et de modélisations sur modèles réduits centrifugés." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0075.
Повний текст джерелаAichholzer, Coralie. "Le log complet de la stratigrahie de la zone rhénane ainsi que les modilités stratigraphiques, sédimentaires et structurales de la transition socle-couverture : application à la géothermie profonde." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH008/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the introduction of a new French pricing system for geothermal energy in 2010, Alsace has been the most dynamic region in France for deep geothermal drilling at high temperatures (>150°C). Thus, the geological approach, which has been essential for the Rittershoffen boreholes, will be even more for future projects given the lack of geological knowledge of some deep parts of the URG. This study aims at understanding the stratigraphic and sequential architecture of the formations of the URG sedimentary cover. 15 deep wells were reinterpreted and correlated throughout the basin, allowing the development of a complete stratigraphic column including the top and base of each formation. These reinterpretations also highlighted the characteristic gamma-ray signal (GR) of each of the formations in the URG stratigraphic column. In addition, the lithostratigraphic characterization of the transition between the basement and the sedimentary cover was the subject of an important research focus
Sandikkaya, Mustafa Abdullah. "Prochaine generation paneuropéennes équations de prédiction de mouvements de terrains pour les paramêtres de ingénierie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU008/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study firstly presents the recent pan-European strong-motion databank that is updated and extended version of previous pan-European databases. The pertaining metadata is carefully compiled and reappraised. The database meets high standards for being resource of pan-European earthquake engineering community. Then, an empirical nonlinear site amplification model, function of time-based average of uppermost 30m shear wave velocity profile and peak ground acceleration on rock, is developed. The primary aim of deriving such a model is to use it in ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Besides, the evaluation of site factors in the seismic design codes shows that it is also applicable in computing site factors. To this end, an alternative methodology that considers the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and deterministic site models is proposed. Finally, this study generates GMPEs for horizontal and vertical elastic response spectral ordinates for different damping values between 1% to 50%. Rather than direct equations for vertical motion, to obtain consistent horizontal and vertical hazard spectrum, compatible vertical-to-horizontal ratio GMPE is preferred. Additional damping scaling models to modify horizontal and vertical spectra at other damping ratios are proposed
Contreras-Senfaute, Gloria. "La surveillance microsismique de l'exploitation souterraine du charbon aux Houillières de Provence : contribution à la détection des risques de coups de terrains par écoute microsismique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL099N.
Повний текст джерелаAt the Provence Colliery, the remote microseismic monitoring used for the prevention of dynamic phenomena is an integral part of strategy for exploring zones. This study consists in characterization and understanding of seismic events induced by mining works in order to obtain microseismic criterion of zones where there are risks of violent instability. This report is divided in two maining parts : the research of optimal methods for calculation of the precise location, the energy release and magnitude of microseismic events ; the characterization of microseismic activity as the function of environment and the research of microseismic risk criterion. This study led to the following results : the hypocentre location showed coherent correlations with change in stress state of the mining exploitation environment, the microseismic activity is greatly correlated with the geometry of the exploitation, the application of some prediction statistical technics allowed to identify dangerous periods. This study permited us to understand the behaviour of microseismic activity and to open new perpectives in the research of risk microseismic criterion
Gombert, Baptiste. "Vers une nouvelle génération de modèles de glissements co-sismiques : analyse stochastique et approche multi-données." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe explosion in the amount and variety of available geodetic, tsunami, and seismological observations offers an outstanding opportunity to develop new seismic source models. But these data are sensitive to different sources of uncertainty and provide heterogeneous information, which makes the solution of the inverse problem non-unique.In this thesis, we use a Bayesian sampling method to propose new slip models, which benefit from an objective weighting of the various datasets by combining observational and modelling errors. These models are less affected by data overfit and allow a realistic assessment of posterior uncertainties. We apply this method to the study of slip processes occurring in three different tectonic contexts: the Landers earthquake (1992, Mw=7.3), the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone which hosted the Pedernales earthquake (2016, Mw=7.8), and the intraslab Tehuantepec earthquake (2017, Mw=8.2). Through these analyses, we demonstrate how the study of the seismic cycle can benefit from rigorous uncertainty estimates and Bayesian sampling
Boudiaf, Azzedine. "Etude sismotectonique de la région d'Alger et de la Kabylie (Algérie) : utilisation des modèles numériques de terrains (MNT) et de la télédétection pour la reconnaissance des structures tectoniques actives : contribution à l'évaluation de l'aléa sismique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20060.
Повний текст джерелаGubian, Michel. "Héritage structural et caractéristiques géotechniques d'un site : application à un barrage cévenol." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760491.
Повний текст джерелаRenalier, Florence. "Caractérisation sismique de sites hétérogènes à partir de méthodes actives et passives : variations latérales et temporelles." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551441.
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