Статті в журналах: "Tension Early"

1

Nazet, Ute, Susanne Grässel, Jonathan Jantsch, Peter Proff, Agnes Schröder, and Christian Kirschneck. "Early OA Stage Like Response Occurs after Dynamic Stretching of Human Synovial Fibroblasts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 3874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113874.

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As events triggering early osteoarthritis onset can be related to mechanical stress and proinflammatory signaling, we investigated the effect of different mechanical strain protocols on the expression of proinflammatory genes, as well as extracellular matrix remodelling in human synovial fibroblasts. Three distinct models of tensile stretching were applied: static isotropic tensile strain at 0 Hz, 16% tension for 48 h; short-term high-frequency cyclic tension at 1 Hz, 10% tension for 4 h; and dynamic tensile stretching for 48 h, consisting of two blocks of moderate stretching at 0.2 Hz, 2%, advanced stretching at 0.5 Hz, 15%, or a combination of both. General signs of inflammation were present after static isotropic tension, whereas short-term high-frequency cyclic tension showed increased levels of IL-6 paired with diminished levels of IL-1β. Reduced inflammatory effects of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were observed when exposed to advanced stretching. Long-term tensile strain induced extracellular matrix remodelling at the gene and protein levels. While hyaluronan acid synthesis was increased with static tensile strain, dynamic tensile stretching had a reducing effect. Our study revealed that proinflammatory markers were activated by mechanical strain as seen in static isotropic tension and short-term high-frequency tensile strain, whereas long-term exposure induced extracellular matrix remodelling processes.

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2

Short, J. P. "Dramatic Tension in Corneille's Early Tragedies." Seventeenth-Century French Studies 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/c17.1985.7.1.37.

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3

Li, Xiao Fen, and Ping Ren. "Experimental Research on Tensile Strength of Premixed Concrete at Early Ages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.687.

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The splitting tensile method for the tensile strength of concrete is usually used in structural applications, so it is great important in the investigating the relation between the direct tensile strength and the splitting strength. But the relationship between the splitting strength and the direct tensile strength is not consolidatly confirmed at home and abroad. In order to obtain the exact results, the experimental apparatus for concrete of the direct tension are designed, which resolves the difficulty of ensuring that the load is truly axial. Tests of the direct tension are performanced on three different concrete mixes (C20,C40,C60) at 3, 7, 14 , 28 and 60 days and the test data do not scatter. The relations between the tensile strength and the cube compressive strength are obtained and a formula for investigating the relation between the direct tensile strength and the splitting strength are proposed.

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4

Shaw, Gary Y., Jeff P. Searl, and Larry A. Hoover. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Unilateral Cricothyroid Muscle Paralysis with a Modified Isshiki Type 4 Thyroplasty." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 6 (December 1995): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989570005-6.

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Cricothyroid adduction increases tension to the vocal folds, thus increasing fundamental frequency and upper pitch range. We treated 10 patients with cricothyroid muscle dysfunction using this technique. Preoperative electromyographic, acoustic, and perceptual analysis was performed. Intraoperatively the effect of increasing tension on the fundamental, falsetto, and basal frequencies was measured by using a strain gauge to the adducting suture at several tensions and a cervical microphone connected to a pitch meter. Postoperative acoustic and perceptual analysis was then performed up to 18 months later. Analysis of pitch vs. tension curves indicates a near-linear relationship until very high tensions are applied. Statistically significant improvement was achieved in both acoustic and perceptual analysis, although some deterioration was noted between early and late results. Cricothyroid adduction is indicated for a large range of vocal fold tension problems.

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5

Swaddiwudhipong, Somsak, Hai-Rong Lu, and Tiong-Huan Wee. "Direct tension test and tensile strain capacity of concrete at early age." Cement and Concrete Research 33, no. 12 (December 2003): 2077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00231-x.

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6

Piazzolla, Francesca, Vincent Mercier, Lea Assies, Naomi Sakai, Aurelien Roux, and Stefan Matile. "Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes for Early Endosomes." Angewandte Chemie 133, no. 22 (April 26, 2021): 12366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202016105.

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7

Piazzolla, Francesca, Vincent Mercier, Lea Assies, Naomi Sakai, Aurelien Roux, and Stefan Matile. "Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes for Early Endosomes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, no. 22 (April 26, 2021): 12258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202016105.

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8

Makrides-Saravanos, Elli, and T. Rezansoff. "The effect of a chloride-based accelerating admixture on the tensile strength of concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-074.

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Compression and tension tests were performed on specimens made from high-early-strength concrete, where the strength acceleration was achieved by using a chloride-based accelerating admixture. Comparison with specimens made from concrete without the admixture showed that the concrete with the admixture was significantly weaker in tension for equal compressive strength.Curing times ranged from 3 days to 3 or 4 months while compressive strengths ranged from 16 to 37 MPa depending on the batch and the age at testing. Three types of tension tests, the standard split cylinder test, the standard modulus of rupture test, and a pull-out test were used in the study.Current design equations that relate tensile strength of concrete to the measured compressive strength may overestimate the actual tensile strength of high-early-strength concrete where acceleration is achieved through the addition of an admixture. These equations are found in provisions for anchorage, development, and splicing of reinforcement, shear and torsion strength, and the prediction of service load deflections. Key words: concrete, accelerated strength, tensile strength, admixtures, curing, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, strength correlations.

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9

Jevremovic, Petar. "Some problems relevant for understanding relation between mentalization, early splitting and projective identification." Theoria, Beograd 50, no. 1 (2007): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo0701095j.

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This text is concerned with the mostly primitive modes of mental functioning Its conceptual framework is the discourse of modern psychoanalysis. The rudimentary classificatory function of early splitting is seen in its developmental context. Without splitting there is no projective identification. Without projective identification there is no possibility for evacuation of the basic (unmentalized) tensions. If there is no possibility for evacuating this primitive tensions, the consequence will be (absolutely unmediated) implosion of tension towards internal organs of subjects body.

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10

Shashaty, A. J. "Cable Recovery With Overrun." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231240.

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Cable is normally recovered by hauling in from ahead, with the cable guiding the ship. In an early paper, Zajac presented a method for recovery, proposed by Shea, in which the cable is overrun, and hauled in tending aft. The potential advantage is lower tension in recovery. Cable was recovered with overrun in two recent exercises. The tensions and cable angles observed at the ship in these exercises are used to work out cable configurations and bottom tensions. The calculations show that the bottom tension was considerably less than it is for normal recovery in both exercises. As the overrun is increased, the tension decreases, and tends to a limiting value defined by the ship speed and the slack rate at which the cable was originally laid. Recovery with overrun is practical and advantageous.

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11

Messenio, Dario, Giuseppe Marano, and Elia Biganzoli. "Integrated electrophysiological evaluation in early normal-tension glaucoma." Modeling and Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/maio.v1i2.34.

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Purpose: To evaluate the variations of intraocular pressure (IOP), morphometric optic nerve head characteristic, perimetric indices and electrophysiological parameters (pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials) before and after topical IOP lowering in patients with early normal-tension glaucoma.Methods: we evaluated 38 eyes of 20 patients with IOP < 21 mmHg, initial glaucomatous optic neuropathy (valued with HRT: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) and linear cup/disk ratio (linear C/D ratio)), minimal visual field defects (Octopus 101: G2 program), best correct visual acuity more than 15/20 and pathological electrophysiological parameters (valued with pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs)), free of systemic or other ocular diseases. All parameters were evaluated at the beginning of the study (T0) and after 12 months of therapy (T12). A randomized normal control group (27 eyes of 14 subjects) with apparent larger disc cupping underwent all exams at initial of study (T0) and after 12 months (T12).Results: Among electrophysiological parameters, at the beginning of the study NTG P100 VEPs latency is slightly increased and P100 amplitude is reduced compared to normal subjects. There are not significant variations after 12 months. P50 PERG latency in NTG is quite similar respect normal and do not modify after therapy. P50N95 complex PERG amplitude in NTG is reduced compared to normal subjects and slightly increases after 12 months (1.8 vs 1.5 ; 2.4 vs 1.9 micronvolts, with different checkboard spatial frequency). Cortical retinal time (CRT) is slightly delayed in NTG and does not modify. Among visual field indices, MD and CLV is slightly higher in NTG and do not significantly modify after therapy. Among morphometric optic nerve head characteristics, linear C/D and RNFL thickness are quite similar in NTG and do not modify. IOP is quite similar between NTG and control group and modifies in NTG after therapy.Conclusion: In a viewpoint of an integrated diagnostic, electrophysiological tests (VEPs and PERG) could provide a more sensitive measure of retinal ganglion cell integrity and help to distinguish between early normal-pressure glaucoma patients with no or minimal visual field alterations and normal subjects with apparent larger disc cupping.

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12

Vos, Gus D., E. H. Marres, Erik Heineman, and Maurice Janssens. "Tension pneumoperitoneum as an early complication after adenotonsillectomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, no. 5 (May 1995): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100130385.

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AbstractPneumoperitoneum as a result of pneumomediastinum has been described already. Amongst the causes pneumoperitoneum due to a complication of adenotonsillectomy, has not previously been described.We describe a five-year-old girl with tension pneumoperitoneum with respiratory and circulatory insufficiency half an hour after adenotonsillectomy. Removal of the intra-abdominal air witha 14 gauge needle restored normal respiration and circulation.

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13

McGaugh, Stacy S. "Early Galaxy Formation and the Hubble Constant Tension." Research Notes of the AAS 7, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/acba9a.

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Abstract Tension between local determinations of the Hubble constant and the value found in fits to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) acoustic power spectrum have emerged as finer angular scales (higher multipoles ℓ) have been measured in the latter. Independent observations indicate that massive galaxies emerged at higher redshift than anticipated in the standard ΛCDM structure formation paradigm. If genuine, these early galaxies would cause excess gravitational lensing of the CMB, adding an anomalous source of power at high ℓ. I suggest that accommodating this anomalous source of power in multiparameter fits might be the root cause of the Hubble tension rather than systematics in local measurements.

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14

Bain, Nathan T., Pavneesh Madan, and Dean H. Betts. "The early embryo response to intracellular reactive oxygen species is developmentally regulated." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 4 (2011): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd10148.

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In vitro embryo production (IVP) suffers from excessive developmental failure. Its inefficiency is linked, in part, to reactive oxygen species (ROS) brought on by high ex vivo oxygen (O2) tensions. To further delineate the effects of ROS on IVP, the intracellular ROS levels of early bovine embryos were modulated by: (1) varying O2 tension; (2) exogenous H2O2 treatment; and (3) antioxidant supplementation. Although O2 tension did not significantly affect blastocyst frequencies (P > 0.05), 20% O2 accelerated the rate of first cleavage division and significantly decreased and increased the proportion of permanently arrested 2- to 4-cell embryos and apoptotic 9- to 16-cell embryos, respectively, compared with embryos cultured in 5% O2 tension. Treatment with H2O2, when applied separately to oocytes, zygotes, 2- to 4-cell embryos or 9- to 16-cell embryos, resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent decrease in blastocyst development in conjunction with a corresponding increase in the induction of either permanent embryo arrest or apoptosis in a stage-dependent manner. Polyethylene glycol–catalase supplementation reduced ROS-induced embryo arrest and/or death, resulting in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in blastocyst frequencies under high O2 culture conditions. Together, these results indicate that intracellular ROS may be signalling molecules that, outside an optimal range, result in various developmentally regulated modes of embryo demise.

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15

Schuster, Eric A. "Transistorized State: The Technique of Hegemony in the Early Cold War." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 14, no. 1-2 (January 5, 2015): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341340.

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The history of the transistor contributes to reassessments of the origins of us hegemony in the 1940s and 1950s. Areas of conflict emerged between us capital and the American state during the World War ii and in the immediate postwar years. Because the transistor evolved as a direct consequence of state investment during these years, the transistor’s history illuminates tensions over military spending and defense production, and the ways in which mncs, academia, and the state overcame tension in the establishment of hegemony.

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16

Chada, S., P. Lamoureux, R. E. Buxbaum, and S. R. Heidemann. "Cytomechanics of neurite outgrowth from chick brain neurons." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 10 (May 15, 1997): 1179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.10.1179.

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Mechanical tension is a direct and immediate stimulus for neurite initiation and elongation from peripheral neurons. We report here that the relationship between tension and neurite outgrowth is equally initimate for embryonic chick forebrain neurons. Culture of forebrain neurons was unusually simple and reliable, and some of these cells undergo early events of axonal-dendritic polarity. Neurite outgrowth can be initiated de novo by experimental application of tension to the cell margin of forebrain neurons placed into culture 8–12 hours earlier, prior to spontaneous neurite outgrowth. Experimentally induced neurite elongation from these neurons shows the same robust linear relationship between elongation rate and magnitude of applied tension as peripheral neurons, i.e. both show a fluid-like growth response to tension. Although forebrain and sensory neurons manifest a similar distribution of growth sensitivity to tension (growth rate/unit tension), chick forebrain neurons initiated and elongated neurites at substantially lower net tensions than peripheral neurons. This is because, unlike peripheral neurons, there is no minimum threshold tension required for elongation in forebrain neurons; all positive tensions stimulate neurite outgrowth. Consistent with this observation, chick forebrain neurons showed weak retractile behavior in response to slackening compared to sensory neurons. Neurites that were slackened showed only transient elastic behavior and never actively produced tension, as do chick sensory neurons after slackening. We conclude that tension is an important regulator of both peripheral and central neuronal growth, but that elastic behavior is much weaker for forebrain neurons than peripheral neurons from the same developing organism. These data have significance for the understanding of the morphogenetic events of brain development.

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17

Absolom, Darryl R. "The role of bacterial hydrophobicity in infection: bacterial adhesion and phagocytic ingestion." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-054.

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The role that bacterial surface hydrophobicity (surface tension) plays in determining the extent of adhesion of polymer substrates and phagocytic ingestion is reviewed. The early attachment phase in bacterial adhesion is shown to depend critically on the relative surface tensions of the three interacting phases; i.e., bacteria, substrate, and suspending liquid surface tension. When suspended in a liquid with a high surface tension such as Hanks balanced salt solution, the most hydrophobic bacteria adhere to all surfaces to the greatest extent. When the liquid surface tension (γLV) is larger than the bacterial surface tension (γBV), then for any single bacterial species the extent of adhesion decreases with increasing substrate surface tension (γSV). When γLV < γBV then adhesion increases with increasing γSV. Bacterial surface tension also determines in part the extent of phagocytic ingestion and the degree to which antibodies aspecifically adsorb onto the bacterium resulting in opsonization. The nonspecific adsorption of antibodies results in a considerable modification in the surface properties of the bacteria. Bacterial surface hydrophobicity can be altered significantly through exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, surfactants, lectins, etc. The effect of these changes on subsequent phagocytic ingestion is discussed.

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18

Lee, Mun-Hyeong, Pil-Soo Jeong, Bo-Woong Sim, Hyo-Gu Kang, Min Ju Kim, Sanghoon Lee, Seung-Bin Yoon, et al. "Induction of autophagy protects against extreme hypoxia-induced damage in porcine embryo." Reproduction 161, no. 4 (April 2021): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-20-0311.

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In the mammalian female reproductive tract, physiological oxygen tension is lower than that of the atmosphere. Therefore, to mimic in vivo conditions during in vitro culture (IVC) of mammalian early embryos, 5% oxygen has been extensively used instead of 20%. However, the potential effect of hypoxia on the yield of early embryos with high developmental competence remains unknown or controversial, especially in pigs. In the present study, we examined the effects of low oxygen tension under different oxygen tension levels on early developmental competence of parthenogenetically activated (PA) and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) porcine embryos. Unlike the 5% and 20% oxygen groups, exposure of PA embryos to 1% oxygen tension, especially in early-phase IVC (0–2 days), greatly decreased several developmental competence parameters including blastocyst formation rate, blastocyst size, total cell number, inner cell mass (ICM) to trophectoderm (TE) ratio, and cellular survival rate. In contrast, 1% oxygen tension did not affect developmental parameters during the middle (2–4 days) and late phases (4–6 days) of IVC. Interestingly, induction of autophagy by rapamycin treatment markedly restored the developmental parameters of PA and IVF embryos cultured with 1% oxygen tension during early-phase IVC, to meet the levels of the other groups. Together, these results suggest that the early development of porcine embryos depends on crosstalk between oxygen tension and autophagy. Future studies of this relationship should explore the developmental events governing early embryonic development to produce embryos with high developmental competence in vitro.

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19

Liu, Peng, Hongwei Ma, Xiangang Cao, Xuhui Zhang, Xuechao Duan, and Zhen Nie. "Minimum Dynamic Cable Tension Workspace Generation Techniques and Cable Tension Sensitivity Analysis Methods for Cable-Suspended Gangue-Sorting Robots." Machines 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11030338.

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The separation of gangues from coals with robots is an effective and practicable means. Therefore, a cable-suspended gangue-sorting robot (CSGSR) with an end-grab was developed in our early work. Due to the unidirectional characteristic, the flexibility of cables, and the dynamic impact of pick-and-place gangues, one of the significant issues with the robots is robustness under internal and external disturbances. Cable tensions, being the end-grab’s constraints, have a crucial effect on the robustness of the CSGSR while disturbances are on. Two main issues related to the CSGSR, as a result, are addressed in the present paper: minimum dynamic cable tension workspace generation and a sensitivity analysis method for the dynamic cable tensions. Firstly, the four cable tensions and minimum dynamic cable tension while the end-grab was located at an arbitrary position of the task space were obtained with the dynamics of the CSGSR. In addition, with the dynamics of the CSGSR, a minimum dynamic cable tension workspace (MDCTW) generating approach is presented, where the minimum dynamic cable tensions are greater than a preset value, therefore ensuring the robustness of the end-grab under the disturbances. Secondly, a method for dynamic cable tension sensitivity (DCTS) of the robots is proposed with grey relational analysis, by which the influence degree of the end-grab’s positions on the four dynamic cable tensions and the minimum dynamic cable tensions was considered. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MDCTW generation algorithm and the DCTS analysis method were examined through simulation on the CSGSR, and it was indicated that the proposed MDCTW generation algorithm and the DCTS analysis method were able to provide theoretical guidance for pick-and-place trajectory planning and generation of the end-grab in practice.

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20

Harvey, Sarah, and Jennifer S. Mueller. "Staying Alive: Toward a Diverging Consensus Model of Overcoming a Bias Against Novelty in Groups." Organization Science 32, no. 2 (March 2021): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1384.

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Organizations that desire creativity often use groups like task forces, decision panels, and selection committees with the primary purpose of evaluating novel ideas. Those groups need to keep at least some novel ideas alive while also assessing the usefulness of ideas. Research suggests, however, that such groups often prefer proven ideas whose usefulness can be easily predicted and reject novel ideas early in the course of discussion. How those groups deal with the tension between novelty and the predictability of idea usefulness in the process of overcoming a bias against novelty is therefore an important question for understanding organizational creativity and innovation. We explore that question with a qualitative study of the discussions of four healthcare policy groups who confronted the tension early in the process of evaluating ideas. Unlike prior work that emphasizes how groups integrate tensions to build consensus around ideas, our study showed that overcoming a bias against novelty involved maintaining tension by fracturing a group’s shared understanding of usefulness and retaining those divergent perspectives alongside moments of consensus. We describe this as a diverging consensus model of overcoming a bias against novelty. Our work contributes to the literature examining how groups can productively engage with tensions and provides a dynamic process for how groups might overcome the bias against novelty and therefore keep some novel ideas alive to fuel organizational creativity and innovation.

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21

GROVER, DUSTIN M., STEPHEN M. HOWELL, and MAURY L. HULL. "EARLY TENSION LOSS IN AN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT GRAFT." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 87, no. 2 (February 2005): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200502000-00022.

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22

Grover, Dustin M., Stephen M. Howell, and Maury L. Hull. "Early Tension Loss in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 87, no. 2 (February 2005): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.c.01527.

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23

Fábianová, Adelaida, and Miroslav Tedla. "MUSCLE TENSION CHANGES OF OROFACIAL ORGANS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD." Listy klinické logopedie 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36833/lkl.2017.022.

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24

Duckett, J. R. A., A. Patil, and N. S. Papanikolaou. "Predicting early voiding dysfunction after tension-free vaginal tape." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 28, no. 1 (January 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610701811837.

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25

Davies, N., M. Thomas, B. McIlroy, and A. N. Kingsnorth. "Early results with the Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair." British Journal of Surgery 81, no. 10 (October 1994): 1478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800811025.

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26

Corlett, M. P., D. Pollock, J. E. Marshall, E. L. Hinson, A. N. Kingsnorth, J. H. Brown, and H. S. Khaira. "Early results with the Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair." British Journal of Surgery 82, no. 3 (March 1995): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800820347.

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27

Sivaram, C. "String tension and fundamental constants in the early Universe." Astrophysics and Space Science 167, no. 2 (1990): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00659359.

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28

Rundell, Veronica L. M., David L. Geenen, Peter M. Buttrick, and Pieter P. de Tombe. "Depressed cardiac tension cost in experimental diabetes is due to altered myosin heavy chain isoform expression." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 1 (July 2004): H408—H413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00049.2004.

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Cardiac disease in diabetes presents as impaired left ventricular contraction and relaxation; however, the mechanisms underlying contractile protein dysfunction during the progression of disease are unknown. Accordingly, we assessed Ca2+-dependent tension development and tension-dependent ATP consumption (tension cost) in a rat model early (6 wk) and late (12 wk) after the onset of diabetes (50 mg/kg iv streptozotocin) using mechanical force- and enzyme-coupled UV absorbance measurements. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and maximal tension were unchanged between groups at either time point. Cross-bridge cycling rate was significantly decreased in diabetes, as indexed by tension cost (early control 5.4 ± 0.4 and early diabetes 4.2 ± 0.3; and late control 6.0 ± 0.2 and late diabetes 4.2 ± 0.2; P < 0.05). Because rodent models of cardiac disease are confounded by altered myosin isoform distribution, myosin content was determined by SDS-PAGE and densitometry. The cardiac content of α-myosin in diabetes was decreased to 41% ± 4.1 at 6 wk and 32.5% ± 2.9 at 12 wk of diabetes (early control 77.8% ± 3.3 and late control 73.6% ± 2.5). Separate control experiments demonstrated a linear decrease in tension cost with decreased α-myosin content. Given this, the depression of tension cost in this rodent model of diabetes could be fully explained by the altered myosin isoform distribution.

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29

Ren, Dongya, and Lambert Houben. "Determination of Fracture Energy of Early Age Concrete through a Uniaxial Tensile Test on an Un-Notched Specimen." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030496.

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Unlike the notched specimens for conventional concrete fracture tests, this paper introduces a deformation-controlled uniaxial tensile test on an un-notched specimen. The surface of the dog bone-shaped specimen is a second order parabolic curve, and the gradual change in the specimen shape does not lead to extreme stress concentrations. Another significant feature of the tension test set-up is that it is built with three hinges, to accommodate the alignment of the specimens. The specimen preparation, test conditions, and the tension test set-up are explained in detail. The fracture energy of the concrete is determined by the obtained complete softening curves. The fracture energy is found to increase with age, going towards a horizontal asymptote as concrete hardened in a tested age range of 1 day to 90 days. Moreover, the rate of development of the fracture energy was found to be higher when compared to tensile strength and stiffness.

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30

Yoshitake, Isamu, Farshad Rajabipour, Yoichi Mimura, and Andrew Scanlon. "A Prediction Method of Tensile Young's Modulus of Concrete at Early Age." Advances in Civil Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/391214.

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Knowledge of the tensile Young's modulus of concrete at early ages is important for estimating the risk of cracking due to restrained shrinkage and thermal contraction. However, most often, the tensile modulus is considered equal to the compressive modulus and is estimated empirically based on the measurements of compressive strength. To evaluate the validity of this approach, the tensile Young's moduli of 6 concrete and mortar mixtures are measured using a direct tension test. The results show that the tensile moduli are approximately 1.0–1.3-times larger than the compressive moduli within the material's first week of age. To enable a direct estimation of the tensile modulus of concrete, a simple three-phase composite model is developed based on random distributions of coarse aggregate, mortar, and air void phases. The model predictions show good agreement with experimental measurements of tensile modulus at early age.

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31

Dolgov, Alexander D. "Early formed astrophysical objects and cosmological antimatter." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 28n29 (October 19, 2016): 1645029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16450299.

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Astronomical observations of recent years show that the universe at high redshifts (about ten) is densely populated by early formed objects: bright galaxies, quasars, gamma-bursters, and it contains a lot of metals and dust. Such a rich variety of early formed objects have not been expected in the standard model of formation of astrophysical objects. There is serious tension between the standard theory and the observations. We describe the model which relaxes this tension and nicely fits the data. The model naturally leads to the creation of cosmologically significant antimatter which may be abundant even in the Galaxy. Phenomenological consequences of our scenario and the possibility of distant registration of antimatter are discussed.

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32

Dunn, Geoffrey D. "Interpreting the Functions of the Roman Clergy in the Early Fifth Century." Studies in Late Antiquity 6, no. 1 (2022): 174–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2022.6.1.174.

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Examining the information we have about deacons and presbyters in Rome during the first two decades of the fifth century contributes to the larger picture of their role and function and is instructive for several reasons. While there has been scholarly attention drawn to the prescriptive decrees of the Roman bishops regulating the life of their clergy, particularly regarding the clerical cursus honorum and lifestyle (marriage and sexual continence), less has been given to descriptive information about how deacons and presbyters operated. Although far from complete, this information is valuable. From the letters of Innocent I (402–417) we discover much about the liturgical functions of such clerics (through the invaluable letter to Decentius of Gubbio) as well as the role they played in being episcopal letter-bearers and negotiators. From Boniface I (418–422) we are reminded of another role of deacons and presbyters, that of electors and candidates for episcopal office. This information is filtered through the imperial correspondence concerning the electoral dispute between Boniface and Eulalius. We only gain insight into this process of episcopal election in practice when something went wrong. In this case, the undercurrent of tension between deacons and presbyters in Rome overflowed into open rivalry that required imperial intervention. This dispute is linked with the tensions that characterized the last months of Zosimus’s episcopacy of 417–418, where complaints about the bishop reached the imperial court in Ravenna and seem to have flowed from reactions to Zosimus’s changing responses to the Pelagian controversy. Such tension between deacons and presbyters existed in the time of Damasus (366–384), as revealed through Ambrosiaster and Jerome. It would be reasonable to conclude that such tension was present throughout this fifty-year period, ignited by different issues and most visible at the time of the election of a new bishop. Why then do we not find evidence of this tension under Innocent I? Perhaps he was a successful enough manager of his personnel that there were no significant outbreaks, or whatever problems there were did not require him to write about them to anyone else, thereby eliminating any trace of them from recorded memory. Most of our information comes filtered through the bishop’s perspective, and it is only with a letter sent from the presbyters of Rome to Ravenna in 419 in support of Boniface that we hear anything from the clergy themselves during this period. The evidence for the liturgical function of presbyters in the letter to Decentius perhaps unwittingly helps us understand the tension. Presbyters were closely tied to the populace, while, as we know from elsewhere, deacons were more closely tied to the bishop. It was the priestly or sacramental function of presbyters in controlling the boundaries of church membership that contributed to the collision course between them and the financially and administratively powerful deacons.

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33

Carroll-Lind, Janis, Sue Smorti, Kate Ord, and Lesley Robinson. "Building Pedagogical Leadership Knowledge in Early Childhood Education." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 41, no. 4 (December 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693911604100404.

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THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A research and development project that trialled a coaching and mentoring methodology with pedagogical leaders in early childhood settings in Aotearoa New Zealand. The methodology, which drew on ‘third-generation’ cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) was taught to leaders who were coached and mentored to use it as a mediating tool to identify connections between everyday leadership tensions and systemic contradictions (as identified within CHAT). The paper elaborates on the way in which participants came to understand the centre as an activity system and learned to ‘play the system’ rather than the person in the exploration and resolution of contradictions. They did so through engaging in productive change conversations with colleagues within their workplace settings. The paper concludes by confirming the potential of CHAT as a tool for building pedagogical leadership capacity through using tension and/or conflicting views as starting points in developing shared meanings and practices.

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34

Zochodne, Douglas W., and Lam T. Ho. "The Influence of Indomethacin and Guanethidine on Experimental Streptozotocin Diabetic Neuropathy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 19, no. 4 (November 1992): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100041615.

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ABSTRACT:In diabetic animals, reduced endoneurial perfusion and oxygen content have been linked to neuropathic abnormalities and might be amenable to pharmacological manipulation. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, we studied the influence of guanethidine adrenergic sympathectomy, indomethacin treatment and a combined strategy on: serial in vivo motor and sensory conduction, resistance to ischemic conduction failure, in vitro myelinated and unmyelinated conduction, endoneurial perfusion and endoneurial oxygen tension. Unlike previous work diabetic animals had normal endoneurial perfusion but lower endoneurial oxygen tensions after six months of hyperglycemia. Guanethidine worsened sensory conduction despite lower microvascular resistance and an improvement in endoneurial oxygen tension. In contrast, indomethacin improved motor and sensory conduction but not oxygen tension. These studies do not support a linkage between conduction deficits and early endoneurial microangiopathy in experimental diabetes. Indomethacin, or related agents may offer a new therapeutic approach toward diabetic neuropathy through a mechanism independent of the endoneurial microvasculature.

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35

Mimura, Yoichi, Isamu Yoshitake, and Wenbo Zhang. "Uniaxial Tension Test of Slender Reinforced Early Age Concrete Members." Materials 4, no. 8 (August 2, 2011): 1345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma4081345.

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36

Solomon, Andrew J., and John R. Corboy. "The tension between early diagnosis and misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis." Nature Reviews Neurology 13, no. 9 (August 11, 2017): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.106.

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37

Aqra, Fathi, and Ahmed Ayyad. "Surface tension of pure liquid lanthanide and early actinide metals." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 50, no. 3 (May 2012): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2011.561349.

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38

Chai, Jack, Andrea Hamilton, Michael Krieg, Craig Buckley, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse, and Alexander Dunn. "Actomyosin Generated Tension Coordinates Cell Movements during Early Zebrafish Development." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 359a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.2041.

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39

Berger, Micheal S. "Surface tension of strange-quark matter in the early Universe." Physical Review D 40, no. 6 (September 15, 1989): 2128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.40.2128.

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40

Westerblad, H., and D. G. Allen. "Changes of myoplasmic calcium concentration during fatigue in single mouse muscle fibers." Journal of General Physiology 98, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 615–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.98.3.615.

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Measurements of the intracellular free concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were performed during fatiguing stimulation of intact, single muscle fibers, which were dissected from a mouse foot muscle and loaded with fura-2. Fatigue, which was produced by repeated 100-Hz tetani, generally occurred in three phases. Initially, tension declined rapidly to approximately 90% of the original tension (0.9 Po) and during this period the tetanic [Ca2+]i increased significantly (phase 1). Then followed a lengthy period of almost stable tension production and tetanic [Ca2+]i (phase 2). Finally, both the tetanic [Ca2+]i and tension fell relatively fast (phase 3). The resting [Ca2+]i rose continuously throughout the stimulation period. A 10-s rest period during phase 3 resulted in a significant increase of both tetanic [Ca2+]i and tension, whereas a 10-s pause during phase 2 did not have any marked effect. Application of caffeine under control conditions and early during phase 2 resulted in a substantial increase of the tetanic [Ca2+]i but no marked tension increase, whereas caffeine applied at the end of fatiguing stimulation (tension depressed to approximately 0.3 Po) gave a marked increase of both tetanic [Ca2+]i and tension. The tetanic [Ca2+]i for a given tension was generally higher during fatiguing stimulation than under control conditions. Fatigue developed more rapidly in fibers exposed to cyanide. In these fibers there was no increase of tetanic [Ca2+]i during phase 1 and the increase of the resting [Ca2+]i during fatiguing stimulation was markedly larger. The present results indicate that fatigue produced by repeated tetani is caused by a combination of reduced maximum tension-generating capacity, reduced myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity, and reduced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The depression of maximum tension-generating capacity develops early during fatiguing stimulation and it is of greatest importance for the force decline at early stages of fatigue. As fatigue gets more severe, reduced Ca2+ sensitivity and reduced Ca2+ release become quantitatively more important for the tension decline.

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41

Marras, L. C., T. P. Kalaparambath, S. E. Black, and D. W. Rowed. "Severe Tension Pneumocephalus Complicating Frontal Sinus Osteoma." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 25, no. 1 (February 1998): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100033540.

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ABSTRACT:Background:Tension pneumocephalus, the accumulation of intracranial gas under pressure, is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition which can complicate craniofacial surgery, trauma, or cranial tumor. It presents as an acute or subacute expanding mass lesion.Case Report:We present a case of a 40-year-old male who developed tension pneumocephalus as a consequence of a previously detected but untreated frontal sinus osteoma. Despite prompt decompression and repair of the fistulous connection between the sinus and the intracranial compartment, the patient suffered permanent frontal lobe damage with significant neurocognitive sequelae and seizures.Conclusions:This case illustrates that tension pneumocephalus can be a dangerous entity with potential for early mortality and long-term morbidity. We recommend, therefore, early treatment and close follow up of destructive lesions involving the posterior frontal sinus wall.

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42

Kusuma, Sravanti, Elizabeth Peijnenburg, Parth Patel, and Sharon Gerecht. "Low Oxygen Tension Enhances Endothelial Fate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 34, no. 4 (April 2014): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.114.303274.

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Objective— A critical regulator of the developing or regenerating vasculature is low oxygen tension. Precise elucidation of the role of low oxygen environments on endothelial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells necessitates controlled in vitro differentiation environments. Approach and Results— We used a feeder-free, 2-dimensional differentiation system in which we could monitor accurately dissolved oxygen levels during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward early vascular cells (EVCs). We found that oxygen uptake rate of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells is lower in 5% O 2 compared with atmospheric conditions. EVCs differentiated in 5% O 2 had an increased vascular endothelial cadherin expression with clusters of vascular endothelial cadherin+ cells surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor β+ cells. When we assessed the temporal effects of low oxygen differentiation environments, we determined that low oxygen environments during the early stages of EVC differentiation enhance endothelial lineage commitment. EVCs differentiated in 5% O 2 exhibited an increased expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and CD31 along with their localization to the membrane, enhanced lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, rapid cord-like structure formation, and increased expression of arterial endothelial cell markers. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation during the early stages of differentiation abrogated the endothelial inductive effects of the low oxygen environments. Conclusions— Low oxygen tension during early stages of EVC derivation induces endothelial commitment and maturation through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, highlighting the importance of regulating oxygen tensions during human pluripotent stem cell-vascular differentiation.

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43

Morgan, D. L., and D. G. Allen. "Early events in stretch-induced muscle damage." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 2007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2007.

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Unaccustomed exercise involving stretch of active muscle at long length causes an immediate loss of tension-generating capacity, a shift of optimum length, and changes in excitation-contraction coupling. Eventually, fiber damage may be observed, resulting in pain and tenderness. The subject of this review is the early stage in this process, particularly the cause of the immediate drop in tension. There is strong evidence pointing to sarcomere length instabilities and nonuniformities as important contributors to these changes. The evidence includes the influence of initial length, electron microscopy of rapidly fixed active fibers, the shift in optimum length in single fibers, and the effects of training on sacomere numbers. Experiments using Ca2+-sensitive dyes clearly show changes in excitiation-contraction coupling, but cross-species comparisons indicate that these are not always able to explain the consequences seen. We conclude that sarcomere length instabilities provide the most comprehensive explanation of the early consequences of eccentric exercise.

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44

Cai, Miaomiao, Huahong Huang, Fei Ni, Zaikang Tong, Erpei Lin, and Muyuan Zhu. "RNA-Seq analysis of differential gene expression in Betula luminifera xylem during the early stages of tension wood formation." PeerJ 6 (August 21, 2018): e5427. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5427.

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Background Betula luminifera H. Winkler, which is widely distributed in southern China, is an economically important broadleaf tree species. However, little genomic information of B. luminifera is available, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms of wood formation in this species. Meanwhile, few efforts have focused on investigating the early transcriptional changes during tension wood formation in woody plants. Results A reference transcriptome dataset was first generated containing 45,700 Unigenes, and 35,135 (76.9%) Unigenes were annotated by a BLAST similarity search against four public databases. Then, based on an anatomical investigation, the global gene expression changes during the early stages of tension wood formation were analyzed. Gene expression profiling showed that a total of 13,273 Unigenes were differentially regulated during the early stages of tension wood formation. Most genes involved in cellulose and lignin biosynthesis were highlighted to reveal their biological importance in tension wood formation. In addition, the transcription levels of many genes involved in the auxin response pathway were significantly changed during the early stages of tension wood formation. Furthermore, 18 TFs co-expressed with key enzymes of cellulose synthesis were identified. Conclusions Our results revealed the transcriptional changes associated with TW formation and identified potential key genes in the regulation of this process. These results will help to dissect the molecular mechanism of wood formation and provide key candidate genes for marker-assisted selection in B. luminifera.

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45

Wang, Xiu Yong, Mao Sheng Chen, Hong Xin Sun, and Qi Yang. "Relationship of Cable Tension and Temperature Based on Long-Term Monitoring Data on the Cable-Stayed Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1716.

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Based on the Jiujiang Bridge Structural Health Monitoring System, lots of data of cable tension and temperature have been acquired. The preliminary analysis of the cable tension and the corresponding temperature shows that there is a long-term growth trend for the cable tension, and exists a certain correlation between the cable tension and the temperature. Using linear fitting method, the growth trend term of the cable tension and the correlation between the cable tension and the temperature of the typical cable are analyzed rationally. By getting rid of the long-term growth trend term and the influence of temperature for the cable tension, the early warning limit of the cable tension state evaluation is determined.

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46

Mathias, Jack A., and Jan Barica. "Gas Supersaturation as a Cause of Early Spring Mortality of Stocked Trout." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-034.

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Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings, stocked through the ice of shallow prairie lakes, experienced high mortality even though algal photosynthesis had returned whole-lake oxygen concentrations to normal levels prior to ice melting. Fish caged beneath the ice showed symptoms of asphyxiation or gas bubble disease, depending on depth. Asphyxiation occurred at oxygen concentrations below 4 mg/L We identify total dissolved gas tension as the primary cause of bubble disease and resulting mortality, and demonstrate the relative contribution of oxygen and nitrogen to total gas tension. Significant mortalities were associated with oxygen relative partial pressures (gas partial pressure relative to total hydrostatic pressure) exceeding 0.2, but only when accompanied by nitrogen relative partial pressures above 1.1. Total relative gas tension under these circumstances exceeded 1.3. An increase in nitrogen partial pressures over the winter was attributed to the physical freeze-out of nitrogen from the ice in shallow lakes where reduction of lake volume due to ice formation is substantial.

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47

Nicholls, Peter. "Sexuality and Structure: Tensions in Early Expressionist Drama." New Theatre Quarterly 7, no. 26 (May 1991): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00005431.

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In the first of two essays, Peter Nicholls explores connections between ideas of an ‘absolute’ or non-representational theatre and the forms of narrative and discursivity which have traditionally invested dramatic forms. In one of the earliest Expressionist plays – Oskar Kokoschka's Murder, Hope of Women – the tension between these ideas is powerfully in evidence. Nicholls shows how Kokoschka's formal experimentalism is grounded in contemporary polemics about gender and sexuality, tracing the ways in which theatrical innovation seeks to evade the Oedipal constraints of plot and narrative. That tension, he believes, informs subsequent Expressionist drama, where an almost obsessive preoccupation with the working-through of family histories is contested by forms of theatrical ‘affect’ which undermine structure from within. Peter Nicholls's second essay will pursue the ‘anti-Oedipal’ implications of Dada and Surrealist theatre. The author teaches English and American literature at the University of Sussex, and his publications include Ezra Pound: Politics, Economics, and Writing, and articles on postmodernism, contemporary poetry, and French Cubism. His Modernisms: a Literary Guide will be published by Macmillan later this year.

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48

Zheng, Shen Bai, Hong Bin Li, and Tao Wang. "Model Deduction of Rolling Tension Building Process." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.621.

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Using elongation model by drawing force, a dynamic tension equation is directly established. The new tension formula has the peak in the early pulling intuitively based on the velocity difference, and considering not only the surface sliding change between the rolled-piece and the roll but also the motor inertia with load.

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Guan, Zhi Wei, Ling Yang, Ming Feng Zheng, and Guang Hui Yan. "The Research of Intelligent Seat Belt Pretension System Based on Active Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.1357.

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Six early-warnning subsystems are build, the control parameters of tension value and time for seat belt are determined, based on the analysis of function and components for intelligent seat belt pretension system. The hardware and software are designed, the software for seat belt retractor motor is integrated to set the ralative time distance, vehicle yaw rate, steering wheel angle, vehicle deceleration, this four signals which are used as input for simulation, the output show that the tension value and tension force are directly proportional to input signal, which can be early warn for intelligent seat belt successfully and provide passengers active safety effectively.

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50

Dainty, Katie N., M. Bianca Seaton, Shelley McLeod, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Elizabeth Tolhurst, Vanessa Rojas-Luengas, Darby Little, and Catherine Varner. "Reframing How Early Pregnancy Loss Is Viewed in the Emergency Department." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732321994534.

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Women experiencing early pregnancy loss frequently seek care in emergency departments or early pregnancy clinics. The existing qualitative literature on the experience of miscarriage has yet to address how to connect how these women perceive their care experience and the prevailing structures which may be at the root of why their experience continues to be challenging. This study aimed to look deeper into the sources of negative experiences of early pregnancy loss for insight into how to rethink where to make impactful changes to care. Phenomenologically informed interviews with 59 women revealed several points of tension in the framing of early pregnancy loss, including the view of miscarriage as common, of it as a medical versus emotional experience, and the assumptions around care needs. Our work suggests that these tensions need to be dismantled through more patient-centered approaches to patient–provider relationships, policies, models of care, and medical discourse.

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