Дисертації з теми "Teneur en sélénium – Spéciation"
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Lobos, Salvo Maria Soledad. "Développement de méthodologies analytiques pour la détermination et spéciation du sélénium dans des sols chiliens." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3009.
Повний текст джерелаFournier, Elodie. "Bioaccumulation du sélénium et effets biologiques induits chez le bivalve filtreur Corbicula fluminea : prise en compte de l'activité ventilatoire, de la spéciation du sélénium et de la voie de contamination." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13029.
Повний текст джерелаSelenium is an essential micronutrient for most of living organisms. However, toxic effects in several ecosystems have been reported in the literature. Toxicity comprehension is difficult due to the complexity of Se oxidation states in the environment. The aim of this thesis work was to acquire knowledge on the physiological and environmental factors involved in bioaccumulation and toxicity processes in the freshwater filter-feeding bivalve C. Fluminea. The aims were : i) to define what the factors involved in Se bioaccumulation processes in the bivalve are, ii) to characterize Se bioaccumulation at different biological organisation levels, iii) to investigate Se toxic effects. First experiments, carried out for short term exposure duration (3 days), have permitted to underline the importance of Se chemical speciation in bioaccumulation processes in C. Fluminea. It has been shown that the organic form, selenomethionine, was much more bioavailable than the inorganic forms, selenite and selenate. Moreover, the route of transfer was determinant in thoses processes. Inorganic forms have been better extracted by trophic route, whereas selenomethionine has been better extracted by the direct route. In our experimental conditions, ventilation of the bivalve has not been a limitant factor for Se bioaccumulation by the direct route, whereas it has been for bioaccumulation by the trophic route. Ventilation has been largely modified by the presence of dissolved selenite and selenomethionine. We have shown that the kinetics of selenomethionine bioaccumulation are much more fast than those of selenite. Moreover, when introduced as SeMet, internalised Se appeared to be relatively remanent in soft tissues of C. Fluminea in comparison with Se internalised when introduced as selenite. Subcellular and molecular distributions of these forms were very different. Finally, it has been shown that selenomethionine and selenite could generate weak alterations of the anti-oxidant status and the genetic expression in C. Fluminea. On the other hand, important ultrastructural modifications of gill tissues have been observed after selenite and selenomethionine exposure
Romero, Rama Andréa. "Biogéochimie du sélénium dans différents milieux aquatiques (Lacs et estuaires)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3049.
Повний текст джерелаSelenium (Se) exists in aquatic systems in multiple oxidation states (VI, IV, 0, -II) in a wide variety of species. Selenate and selenite are generally found in natural waters but may not account for total Se content indicating the co-existence of unidentified reduced Se compounds. Due to the role of Se as a micro-nutrient for living organisms, the characterization of Se compounds must be done to better constrain Se biotic and abiotic transformations and fate in aquatic systems. Selenium occurring in trace amounts in most aquatic environments, sensitive analytical methods are required to achieve this goal. In addition, the number of studies reporting on selenium speciation and cycling in non-polluted aquatic environments is still limited claiming for more field investigations. In this work, the optimization of chromatographic separation based on mixed-mode stationary phase combining reverse phase and anionic exchange allowed the simultaneous separation of six inorganic and organic compounds. The developed method together with a sensitive method for the determination of volatile Se compounds, were applied in parallel for the first time to provide new insights on the Se cycle in different aquatic systems as function of biogeochemical and seasonal variations. In a stratified eutrophic lake (Lake Kinneret, Israel), the existence of reduced and most probably organic Se containing compound actively produced by phytoplankton was revealed and suggested as a precursor for Se volatilization. Meanwhile under anaerobic conditions, the reduction of oxidized Se species to reduced forms could result in Se removal to sediments. In oligotrophic alpine lakes (Pyrenees lakes, France - Spain), selenate was the major compound in water and represented 63% of total Se. Downstream in the Adour estuary, the influence of agricultural land use on Se inputs was demonstrated with a clear relationship between Se and nitrates water concentrations, while selenium uptake and transformation to reduced and volatile compounds was promoted seaward during warmer productive periods
Darrouzes, Jérôme. "Amélioration des étapes analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium au niveau ultratrace : Apport d'un spectromètre de masse à couplage inductif équipé d'une cellule de collision/réaction (ICP-CC/R-MS)." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3029.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the important properties of selenium, numerous works have been undertaken to realize the speciation analysis of this element. The coupling of an HPLC with a mass spectrometer is commonly used. This report presents the improvements realized on the existing methods to simultaneously analyse inorganic and organic species at the ultratrace level. We have used the last generation of quadrupole ICPMS equipped with collision/reaction cell to remove argon based polyatomic intereferences on major selenium isotopes. The optimization of this device as well as improvement of analytical steps before detection have been carefully realised. The developed techniques have been validated and applied to different water and biological samples at the ng(Se). L-1 level
Benabderraziq, Hind. "Modalités et processus de la contamination des eaux souterraines : application à la présence du sélénium dans la nappe de la craie (Nord de la France)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10018/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn north France, the concentration of selenium in the groundwater of the Turonian-Senonian chalk layers located in the south of Lille (Emmerin, Houplin -Ancoisne , the Ansereuilles and Salome) exceeds drinking-water limit of 10 µg/L and reaches 60 μg/L in some located small areas. The various lithological levels, except the Senonian chalk, contain natural selenium. The maximum measured values stand out in the Ypresian clay layer (4.87 mg/kg), alluvial clays (4.8 mg/kg) and sediments of rivers with important influence of anthropogenic origin (between 2.1 to 15.8 mg/kg). Selenium has a high affinity to the organic material. The soluble/exchangeable fraction is the most mobile selenium one. Strontium isotopes coupled with Ca/Sr and Mg/Sr and strontium isotopes ratios 87Sr/86Sr were used to identify the main groundwater bodies and theirs mixtures. Oxidizing or reducing environment conditions are controlled by the variations in the groundwater level which is influenced by the inter-annual and seasonal changes in the water and pumping process. However, each well field is characterized by its geological and hydro–geochemical conditions. The selenium may be mobilized through seepage (from the top), water levels variations (from the bottom), lateral transfers (interconnections between boreholes due to hydraulic gradients) and mixtures of water from surrounding areas
Doit, Laurence. "Supplémentation en sélénium : intérêt de la spéciation." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P040.
Повний текст джерелаSeby, Fabienne. "Optimisation de méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium inorganique dans les eaux et les sols." Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3018.
Повний текст джерелаGilon, Nicole. "Développement de techniques analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium dans des échantillons biologiques." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3031.
Повний текст джерелаCasiot, Corinne. "Développement de techniques analytiques couplées (HPLC-ICP-MS et EC-ICP-MS) pour la spéciation de métalloi͏̈des (arsenic, sélénium, antimoine et tellure)." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3026.
Повний текст джерелаGuérin, Thierry. "Spéciation multiélémentaire de l'arsenic, sélénium, antimoine et tellure dans des eaux et des lixiviats de sols par couplage HPLC-ICP-MS." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3003.
Повний текст джерелаSimon, Stéphane. "Développement de méthodes de spéciation de l'arsenic et du sélénium par couplage HPLC-AFS." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3014.
Повний текст джерелаArsenic and selenium are two elements naturally present in the environment whose effects on the living organisms are closely related to their chemical form. This report presents the development of speciation methods by coupling between liquid chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry using an interface based on a decomposition by uv irradiation followed by a hydride generation step. Optimizations of the different steps of the analytical process were carried out: extraction from solid matrices, chromatographic separation, on line decomposition and volatilization. The developed techniques were validated and then applied to real samples (water and marine products). They were found to be robust and relatively not sensitive to matrix effects. These analytical methods have been shown suitable for the speciation analysis of arsenic and selenium at trace levels in real samples
Garraud, Hervé. "Développements analytiques en ICP-MS pour la spéciation des formes inorganiques de l'arsenic et du sélénium : Application aux eaux granitiques." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3023.
Повний текст джерелаMcSheehy, Shona. "Identification des espèces organiques d'arsenic et de sélénium dans les matrices biologiques par chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. : ICP MS et électrospray MS/MS." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3032.
Повний текст джерелаGodin, Simon Michel Dominique. "Impact et potentiel d’une supplémentation en sélénium des aliments piscicoles : apport de la spéciation." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3050.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD aims at the determination of selenium species (speciation) of fish metabolism after inorganic or organic selenium enrichment of aquaculture feeds. This information, complementary to the one obtained in the nutrition field, is necessary to assess the requirement and the suitability of the selenium supplementation of plant based feed in order toensure selenium dependent biological functions, as well as the nutritional quality of fish. The equivalent ability of inorganic and organic selenium to raise selenoproteins levels in case of deficiency was revealed, which differs with conclusion usually obtained based on total selenium measurements. The use of monospecific and monoisotopic tracers during sample preparation (trout plasma/blood) showed the existence of co-precipitation reactions and interactions between selenized analytes and proteins demonstrating thus that attention has to be paid to the sample preparation step
Heninger, Ingrid. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium et de l'étain dans les stations d'épuration d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3040.
Повний текст джерелаKossinova, Olga. "Insights into the selenocysteine incorporation mechanism in mammals." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6221.
Повний текст джерелаThe amino acid selenocysteine is encoded by a UGA triplet which acts generally as a stop codon. A specialized machinery is used to incorporate this amino acid into selenoproteins, involving a specific stem-loop, termed SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), and some protein factors. One of those is the SECIS Binding Protein 2 (SBP2), which is necessary for ribosome recognition of the UGA as the Sec codon. Using synthetic selenocysteine mRNAs and translational inhibitors, several steps of mRNA translation were analyzed. The data obtained allowed us to propose the following mechanism for selenocysteine insertion : during the transpeptidation step of elongation, SBP2 is bound to the ribosome; however, after transpeptidation, SBP2 leaves the ribosome and binds the SECIS in the pre-translocation step. We showed earlier that SBP2 binds specifically to the purified human 60S but not to the 40S ribosome subunits but the actual location was unknown. The SBP2•40S, SBP2•60S and SBP2•80S complexes were thus studied using crosslinking reagents. SBP2 did not crosslink to the 40S subunit in either the 40S•SBP2 or 80S•SBP2 complexes, correlating with the binding data. However, SBP2 crosslinks to the 60S subunit in either the free state or in the 80S ribosome. I next showed that the 28S rRNA contributes more to the crosslink than ribosomal proteins. This led us to use hydroxyl radical footprinting to study the molecular environment of SBP2 on the ribosome. According to the probing data, the binding of SBP2 to the human 60S subunit protects 2 helices in expansion segment 7 of the 28S rRNA. I proposed that the SBP2 binding site is located in the vicinity of the L7/L12 stalk
Achouba, Adel. "Développement d’une méthode analytique pour la spéciation du sélénium dans le plasma des Inuits du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26038.
Повний текст джерелаSelenium (Se) is highly abundant in traditional marine foods consumed by Inuit and accordingly their Se intake is one of the highest in the world. These marine foods are also a replete of methylmercury (MeHg) and an elevated Se intake may offset some of its deleterious effects. In this study, a method for the speciation and quantification of Se and associated Hg fractions in human plasma was developed and then applied to plasma samples of Inuit adults who participated to the 2004 Qanuippitaa health survey. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), selenoprotein P (SelP) and selenoalbumin (SeAlb) represented on average 25%, 52% and 23% of the total plasma Se concentration, respectively. In addition, Hg co-eluted with each Se-containing protein and 50% of plasma Hg was associated with SelP. A non-linear relationship was observed between plasma and blood Se, suggesting that a selenocompound, possibly selenoneine, accumulates in blood cells of our participants.
Massoura, Stamatia. "Spéciation et phytodisponibilité du nickel dans les sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL009N.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis relates to the study of parameters which influence the dynamic of nickel and its radionuclide 63 Ni in soils. At the Saille time, the study of the chemical and biological characteriza- tion of these elements availability in the soils is done. The available pool of Ni and 63 Ni (chemical estimation) was measured by chemical and isotopic methods and soil incubations; by evaluating the interest and limits of each roethod. The factors which influence the mobility of metal in soils were thus determined. With through this study, we showed that the bio- and phyto-availability of Ni depend on the soil mineralogy, on the soil weathering, on the type of metal associations with the mineraIs, and on the quantitative presence of these mineraIs. The transfer of Ni and 63 N i from the soil to the plant depends on the metal availability in the soil and on the roots behaviour to the soil offe1, in relation to the strategies of hyperaccumulation, accumulation or exclusion of N z. Plants are able to modify the metal availability in soils by influencing the sorption processes of Ni from the solid phase to the soil solution. They are also able to change the speciation of Ni in solu- tion however the majority form of Ni in the soil solution was N i2+. Hyperaccumulators regulate Ni and 63 N i concentration in soil solution and their migration to the ground water. If the physico-chemical properties of soils, the pollutant availability and the choice of the hyperaccumulators are taken into account, the se plants are able to decrease and control durably the ecotoxicological effects of trace elements and radionuclides contamination in soils
Bassil, Joseph. "Origine et processus de libération du sélénium dans l'aquifère carbonaté du site expérimental hydrogéologique de Poitiers." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2332/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe environmental issue of selenium is mainly related to the narrow range between its deficiency and toxicity concentrations, and to its widespread presence beyond the limits of potability in many aquifers. Selenium concentrations above the European standard (10 ppb) were detected in the groundwater of the Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES) of Poitiers, whose hydrodynamic behavior is particularly well characterized.The coupling of geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic investigations showed that black argillaceous sediments that fulfill subhorizontal karstic cavities present in the Dogger aquifer at the SEH and considered as the potential source of dissolved selenium in the groundwater, are continental deposits that have been transformed in reduced environments.Grain-sized and chemical fractionations of these "black clays" showed that selenium is mainly present as selenite in the geological matrix and is "associated" with the alkali soluble organic fraction which is predominantly aliphatic.Leaching tests have highlighted the important impact of acid-base conditions on the amount of dissolved selenium and on the nature of selenium species released into the water. The release kinetics of selenium tends to show the existence of three main processes. The major species dissolutions suggest that the selenium release mechanisms are mainly governed by exchange process or surface complexation
Claon, Jean Stéphane. "Exposition au mercure, à l'arsenic et au sélénium de l'écosystème et des populations riveraines de la lagune Aby (Côte d'Ivoire - Ghana) : recherche de bioindicateurs." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13505.
Повний текст джерелаBenard, Anne. "Le plomb et le chrome dans les ciments : spéciation et modélisation du transfert au cours de la lixiviation." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30046.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims at modeling the long term behavior of Pb and Cr present in trace amount in cements. Samples of Portland cement and slag cements were considered and leached. The degree of matrix alteration, the evolution of C-S-H structure, metals release and especially variation of Pb and Cr speciation due to leaching were studied at different observation scales. Results showed that CrVI is not leached by a pure diffusive phenomenon but its release follows a transfer law similar to whose of CrIII. In the altered layer, both CrIII and CrVI would be retained by ettringite. When this phase is dissolved, CrVI would be fixed in hydrotalcite whereas CrIII goes in C-S-H. Pb would be retained by C-S-H, but Fe atoms are present in Pb atomic environment in the altered layer. Experimental data were afterwards validated by a chemistry/transport model and then extrapolated for longer time scales of alteration
Tolu, Julie. "Spéciation et mobilité du sélénium présent dans les sols à l’état de traces : contribution aux prévisions à long terme." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3002/document.
Повний текст джерелаA radioactive isotope of selenium was shown to be among the most critical radionuclide forsafety assessment of high level and long lived nuclear waste repository in case of hypotheticalsoil contamination. A methodology was thus developed to determine Se species (speciation)present in soils at trace level (μg kg-1; radiological context) in assessing their leaching andretention phases (distribution). Combined to a 77Se(IV) tracer, kinetically limited processes were shown to be involved in Se retention and chemical transformations in soils, suggesting that native Se behavior is particularly relevant for its long term mobility assessment and modeling. The investigation of native Se speciation and distribution in 29 soils has finally highlighted that soil organic matter impact the nature of Se species susceptible to be leached (organic and colloidal compounds) and the Se mobility (Se stabilization in solid phase via organo-mineral associations)
Bierla, Katarzyna. "Approches analytiques pour la quantification par spectrométrie de masse élémentaire et moléculaire du sélénium total, des acides aminés et métabolites séléniés dans les matériaux biologiques." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3003.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis presents methodological developments and solutions to several problems concerning the analysis of biological samples for the concentration of the total selenium and its species. As a contribution to the methodology for the total Se determination, the use of Xe as a non-reactive collision gas was proposed to eliminate the polyatomic interferences in Se detection by ICP MS. This allowed anaccurate determination of Se isotope ratios without mathematical correction. The principal part of the thesis concerns the development of methods for the quantitative determination of the Se-aminoacids (selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocysteine (Secys)) in animal blood, soft tissues and milk. The methods developed are based on the quantitative carbamidomethylation of SeCys and SeMet followed by their proteolytic release from proteins. The fraction isolated by size-exclusion chromatography was submitted to ion-paring HPLC - ICP MS analysis. In terms of contribution to speciation analysis of Se-rich plants, the work proposes a sequential extraction scheme allowing the recovery of Se from garlic. Se in Se-enriched garlic was fractionated by a sequential procedure including leaching with water, lysis, proteolysis, leaching with HCI, sulfite and CS and, finally, digestion of the residue. A strategy for the standardless identification of unknown water-soluble low-molecular weight Se metabolites by molecular mass spectrometry is pursued for monkeypot nuts. The use of size-exclusion, cation-exchange and ion-paring reversed-phase HPLC allowed the purification of selenocystathionine and its y-glutamyl-derivatives to a degree allowing their formal identification by organic mass spectrometry
Bannerman, William Karikari. "Spéciation et distribution du mercure et de l'arsenic dans le bassin de la rivière Ankobra (Ghana) : Impact des mines d'or." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3007.
Повний текст джерелаGold has been mined in the Ankobra river basin of Ghana for centuries. These activities emit mercury and arsenic whose impacts could be deleterious to the basin's ecosystem and the human population. To assess these impacts, mercury and arsenic were analysed in water, bed and suspended sediments, soils, edible vegetables and fish collected from the basin. Tota concentration and speciation analysis were done by single and hyphenated techniques of chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. High levels of mercury and arsenic were found in the proximities of the mining zones. The two elements are transported mainly in the aqueous phase of the river and they showed seasonal variation in both water and sediments. Detectable methylmercury in sediment averaged 1% of the total. Arsenic species detected in water and sediments were the inorganic forms. The sediments and fish were significantly contaminated in mercury
Munoz-Olivas, Riansares. "Spéciation du sélénium par techniques de couplage et détection par ICP/MS : application à la production des matériaux de référence." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10553.
Повний текст джерелаPisarek, Paulina. "Description quantitative et qualitative du cycle de l'iode et du sélénium en écosystèmes forestiers : influence du type d'essence et/ou des conditions climatiques et physico-chimiques des sols." Thesis, Pau, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789660.
Повний текст джерелаThe long-lived radioisotopes of selenium (79Se, t1/2 = 3.3× 105 years) and iodine (129I, t1/2 =1.6 × 107 years) were identified as high priority in the safety assessment of the biosphere towards potential contaminations from nuclear power plants activity, waste repositories and nuclear weapon tests. Selenium and iodine are essential micronutrients indispensable for proper functioning of mammalian life. Once 79Se and 129I enter into the ecosystem, they may be easily incorporated into stable Se and I cycles. The understanding of their biogeochemical cycling is thus necessary to properly evaluate the harmful consequences after anthropogenic radiocontamination events. In this study, the forest ecosystem attracted attention as a place of enlarged interception surface formed by tree canopy. Climate, environmental and geochemical conditions were examined in order to discriminate important factors regarding the distribution and accumulation of Se in French forests. Selenium concentrations in litterfall were strongly and positively correlated with those in precipitations and, were significantly higher under oceanic compared to transition and mountain climates. Selenium stocks in humus decreased in the order: mor > moder > mull. The highest Se concentrations in soil were determined in mountain climate in Douglas and beech forests, where soils were acidic and rich in organic matter and Fe/Al oxides. The monitoring of monospecific stands (Douglas, spruce, pine, beech, oak) with identical geogenic material and climate allowed specifying the impact of tree species on inventories and fluxes of selenium and iodine. Tree canopies interacted with atmospheric inputs leading to element enrichment in throughfall, especially for conifers. Tree species showed divergent Se and I requirement, uptake and return fluxes in the forest soils. For both elements, the amount of elements stored in aboveground tree parts were marginal compared to soil stocks. Humus showed positive Se and I accumulation rates and continuous enrichment from fresh to humified organic material. The water-soluble fraction of the elements represented only ~1.1% of their total content in soil, while the largest proportion was soluble in NaOH (51-72% of Se and 84-100% of I content). Only inorganic species (SeO42- or SeO32-, I- and IO3-) were detected in water and NaOH extracts, accounting for ~1-52% of total element contents in extracts. A significant proportion of Se and I remained unidentified and was supposed to be in dissolved and/or colloidal organic forms. Selenium content in soil was controlled by its strong affinity with organic matter and Fe minerals, while specific I “enrichment-depletion profile” in soil column might be due to iodination of organic matter and association of this iodinated organic matter with Al minerals
Rederstorff, Mathieu. "Etude du rôle du sélénium et de la sélénoprotéine N dans les pathologies musculaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/REDERSTORFF_Mathieu_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаScheiner, Javier David. "Spéciation du carbone, de l'azote et du phosphore de différentes boues de stations d'épuration au cours de leurs incubations contrölées dans deux types de sol." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000379/.
Повний текст джерелаFuentes, Perez Edwar. "Méthodologies analytiques pour la détermination de l'antimoine total dans les sols et les végétaux et pour sa spéciation dans les sols." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3004.
Повний текст джерелаAntimony is an element of environmental concern due to its toxicity and biological effects. This element is non-essential for plants and animals, and its action depend on the oxidation state, being Sb(III) compounds more toxic than Sb(V) ones. This work presents the optimization of analytical methodologies for the total antimony determination in soils and vegetables and its redox speciation in soils. The analytical techniques optimized were the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS), and the hydride generation coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) or to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). This last technique shows the best analytical performances (LOD 0. 01 mg l-1). The methodologies were validated by analyzing appropriates certified reference materials and then applied to the antimony determination in soils and alfalfa samples from sites contaminated and non-contaminated by copper mining activities from three regions in Chile. The redox speciation of antimony was based on the selective determination of Sb(III) by HG-AFS. Sb(V) was evaluated as the difference between total antimony and Sb(III) determinations. This methodology was applied to the redox speciation of antimony in soils extracts obtained by simple and sequential extraction procedures. Significantly difference between the antimony concentration in samples collected from contaminated and non-contaminated sites were obtained. The soluble and available antimony fractions in soils were low; it was mostly associated to the residual fraction. Furthermore, in all fraction Sb(V) was the predominant species. It was concluded that antimony in these soils has a relatively low mobility and availability
Waeles, Matthieu. "Spéciation des éléments métalliques en milieu estuarien et quantification des flux vers le plateau continental." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2030.
Повний текст джерелаThe behaviour of various chemical species of iron, copper, lead and cadmium was studied along the whole salinity gradient as a function of hydrological and biogeochemical variations. Our investigations were focused on two systems with very different properties: the Penzé (Britanny, Western Channel) and the Loire-North Biscay Continental Shelf. The former is characterised by a 10w freshwater discharge and well-mixed waters, whereas the latter shows a high freshwater discharge and waters flowing to the North Biscay Continental Shelf where the waters are stratified. A great effort was also devoted to the development of methods based on stripping chronopotentiometric electrochemistry for metal analysis in the marine environment. Our experimental results highlighted similar behaviours for lead, copper and cadmium in both systems : i) Lead was highly coprecipitated by hydrous oxides iron ; ii) Copper was generally desorbed from organic particles and made complexes with non-polar hydrophobic organic ligands ; iii) Cadmium associated with hydrous oxides of iron and manganese desorbed and formed cholorocomplexes or organic complexes. We also showed that fluxes of the various chemical metal species to the marine environment over the seasonal cycle are highly dependent on the hydrological and biogeochemical variations of the system under study. Taking into account these changes in the metal state is paramount for further reliable monitoring of exported metal traces
Chever, Fanny. "Spéciation du fer en milieu océanique, interactions avec le phytoplancton." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2025.
Повний текст джерелаAll iron (Fe) fertilizations in HNLC areas (High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll) highlighted the crucial role of this element in primary production and planktonic community structure. However, the study of its biogeochemical cycle is difficult, due to the low Fe concentrations in the Open Ocean and to its complex speciation. Many unknowns persist, in particular on the relative predominance of its sources to the oceans and on the bioavailability of the different fractions. The objectives of this PhD were to improve our knowledge on the biogeochemical cycle of Fe in seawater, in order to answer to these questions: (1) What are the sources, distribution and physical speciation of Fe in seawater, in areas characterized by contrasted Fe supplies? And (2) What are the interactions between its speciation and the biological activity? A field approach was used in order to better determine and quantify Fe sources to the ocean. Fe physical speciation was measured during two cruises, KEOPS and BONUS-GoodHope. Total dissolvable Fe was shown to be a good proxy for lithogenic inputs. Those studies showed that the soluble and colloidal Fe distributions are linked to biological activity and to the strength of organic ligands. In order to better constrain the question of Fe bioavailabllity, laboratory experiments were conducted in the framework of the BOA project, coupling rainwater, Fe speciation and biological activity, in the presence of an oceanic diatom. Two hypothesis concerning Fe bioavailability were formulated: an assimilation of colloidal fraction or an assimilation of soluble fraction followed by a rapid exchange between the two fractions
Flores, Velez Luisa Maria. "Essai de spéciation des métaux dans les sols : cas du Cu dans les vignobles." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120027.
Повний текст джерелаBarron, Emmanuelle. "Mesure de l'exposition au sélénium : évaluations chimique et épidémiologique auprès de sujets alimentés par une eau potable à teneur élevée, dans la Vienne." Poitiers, 2007. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2007/Barron-Emmanuelle/2007-Barron-Emmanuelle-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSelenium is a trace element which is naturally present in the environment. In France, several municipalities in the Vienne department have selenium contents in drinking water over the standard (set at 10 µg. L-1). The objective of this work was to evaluate selenium exposure of the adult population living in these municipalities. Several methods were used to estimate intakes of selenium (by the use of questionnaires and by duplicate diet method), to compare selenium status (toenail selenium concentration) and health aspects with an unexposed group, and, to determine selenium concentration of locally produced foods. Total selenium was quantified by ICP-MS. Results showed that subjects were not exposed to toxic quantities of selenium: intakes of selenium and selenium toenail concentrations were below observed values in toxic seleniferous area. Finally, no significant difference was observed concerning health of exposed and unexposed group and concerning selenium concentration of locally produced foods and national ones
Mazan, Sébastien. "Développement de nouvelles techniques de couplage chromatographie en phase liquide - spectrométries ICP pour la spéciation de l'arsenic et du sélénium dans les eaux : mise en oeuvre d'une phase stationnaire de carbone graphitique poreux et d'une cellule de collisions-réactions." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10238.
Повний текст джерелаGiusti, Pierre. "Développement de l’interface entre la chromatographie liquide à nano-débits (nanoHPLC) et le spectromètre de masse à source d’ionisation par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP MS)." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3052.
Повний текст джерелаAs a result of millions of years of evolution, biomolecules and biological complexes have incorporated heteroelements or metals in their chemical structure. Their presence can be essential to the functioning of fundamental biochemical processes or alternatively their absence can be responsible for causing illnesses and dysfunctions. The molecular structure of these biomolecules is often very complex and their characterization has progressed substantially with the development of NMR, MALDI and electrospray techniques. Nevertheless, these techniques show limitations for the analysis of minor compounds, which are often the target hetero- or metallo- containing molecules, key to the biochemical role under investigation. The researches presented here aim at identifying and quantifying these biomolecules through the heteroatom or metal present in the structure. In addition to the large number of molecules that biological sample can contain, the sample volume is often limited to the microlitre range. The use of miniaturized separation techniques, such as nanoHPLC systems was therefore required. The instrumental development of a patented nanoHPLC - ICP MS interface, principal objective of this thesis, has enabled a series of advances in the identification and quantification of the heteroatoms contained in the targeted biomolecules. The parallel coupling using a molecular mass spectrometer was then used to determine the biomolecule structure
Mounicou, Sandra. "Spéciation des traces du cadmium et du plomb dans le cacao par les couplages de la chromatographie et de l'électrophorèse capillaire avec la spectrométrie de masse." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3025.
Повний текст джерелаThe manuscrit presents the analytical approach developed in view of Cd and Pb speciation in cocoa as a function of the geographical origin. This work consists of the procedures development (1) for the determination of total Cd and Pb content in cocoa, (2) for the selective leaching of individual classes of ligands, (3) for the assessment of the potential bioavailability of Cd and Pb by means of a sequential enzymolysis approach and (4) for the study of the binding capacity of Cd and Pb with cocoa powder. SE HPLC-IPC MS, CZE-ICPMS and CZE-ESMS/MS couplings have been developed. Cd and Pb speciation in cocoa powders as well as in related cocoa products (beans, liquors and butter) have been studied as a function of the geographical origin. The influence of the cocoa processing on the speciation of these two elements has been investigated
Bacquart, Thomas. "Développement de méthodes de spéciation de l'arsenic dans des échantillons biologiques et environnementaux : approches appliquées à la contamination des eaux souterraines au Bangladesh." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13466.
Повний текст джерелаAbi, Ghanem Carine. ""Spéciation" des trois éléments trace mercure, plomb et cadmium dans les sédiments marins des zones côtières libanaises." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5015/01/Thèse_Carine_Abi_Ghanem.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDi, Tullo Pamela. "Dynamique du cycle biogéochimique du sélénium en écosystèmes terrestres : rétention et réactivité dans le sol, rôle de la végétation." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was performed in the frame of the safety assessment program prior to the possible construction of an underground repository for nuclear waste (HAVL). To consolidate risk assessment models associated to a potential 79Se biosphere contamination, biogeochemistry of stable selenium was investigated, aiming firstly to highlight the dynamics of Se cycling in a forest ecosystem, in terms of inventories and annual fluxes. Consequently to these first results, which suggest a clay role of soil and its organic pool in the global Se cycle, two studies based on the use of isotopically enriched tracers were further carried out in order to clarify the processes involved in (i) Se retention and reactivity in soils and (ii) incorporation of inorganic Se within organic pool of vegetal biomass
Ayouni, Linda. "Développement de couplages chromatographie liquide -ICP-MS pour la spéciation de composés séléniés dans les compléments allimentaires." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10259.
Повний текст джерелаSelenium is both a toxic and essential element for organism. Its effects depend on the dose and the chemical form absorbed. The intake of selenium nutritional supplements has become important since a clinical study showing selenium positive effects. We develop selenium speciation analysis in nutritional supplements by coupling HPLC with ICP-MS. Seven selenized species, inorganic and organic, have been separated by coupling anion exchange chromatography with ICP-MS. Two kinds of extraction methods have been developed : the one step and the sequential protocols. Organic compounds, known to be more bioavailable, have been found in majority. Selenomethionine was the principal one and, at weaker contents, selenomethylcysteine and methanseleninic acid, which have anti-cancer properties, were found too. Among unidentified species, MALDI-TOF-MS enabled to detect selenized compounds at m/z = 333 and m/z = 485 which are propably peptides
Baron, Jean. "Etude sur les interactions des métaux lourds avec des boues d'épuration et les sols : Complexation de Cu et Cd par des boues et spéciation dans des solutions de sols." Pau, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PAUU3008.
Повний текст джерелаLongchamp, Melanie. "Etude biogéochimique du transfert du sélénium dans un système eau-plante-atmosphère : conséquences sur la physiologie du Zea mays subsp. mays (L.)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833227.
Повний текст джерелаAguerre, Sandrine. "Développement de méthodes analytiques associant la SPME à des techniques couplées GC-détecteur spécifique (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS) pour la spéciation de l'étain et du sélénium." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3038.
Повний текст джерелаToxicity of metals and metalloids towards the different parts of the ecosystem is highly dependent on their chemical form. Therefore, the development of sensitive speciation methods should be performed to allow their monitoring in the environment. A large part of this work deals with the development of new analytical procedures for the speciation of organotin compounds. The innovations are based on the use of a new preconcentration technique, SPME (solid phase microextraction) and on the hyphenation of gas chromatography (GC) with different specific detectors (FPD, PFPD, MIP-AES, ICP-AES, ICP-MS). Sorption and desorption steps in SPME have been studied and optimised using experimental design methodology. For the first time, new transfer lines (GC-ICP-MS and GC-ICP-AES) have been tested and the performances of all the detectors were compared in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. All the procedures allow detection limits lower then 0. 5 ng(Sn). L-1 to be reached for butyl- and phenyltins. Water samples, sediments, biological tissues and sludge from wastewater treatment plant have been analysed in order to evaluate the suitability of this method on real samples. A kinetic study of sorption-desorption behaviour of organotins during SPME has been performed. A spontaneous desorption behaviour has been noted. The influence of humic substances, representative of natural samples, on extraction yields has also been demonstrated. In a last part, potential of SPME for the sorption of methylated and inorganic forms of selenium followed by GC-PFPD analysis has been explored. First applications on water samples have been carried out
Demesmay-Guilhin, Claire. "Spéciation de l'arsenic par couplages chromatographie en phase liquide et méthodes spectrales d'analyse élémentaire spécifiques : application à des sols et sédiments." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10270.
Повний текст джерелаPonthieu, Marie. "Spéciation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols et les solutions des sols : du modèle au terrain." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30059.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, environmental problems related to soil pollution with heavy metals are numerous, therefore, it is important to understand metals behavior in soils and to appreciate their transfer. The fate of the metals in the environment is closely related to their interactions with the major reactive soil compartments (organic matter, iron and manganese oxides, clays). The objective of this work is to develop an approach based on the combination of several model to study metal ion speciation in the soil and the soil solution. Models used to describe the interactions of metals with the main reactive phases in the soil are CD-MUSIC (amorphous and crystallized iron oxides), NICA-Donnarf (organic matter and manganese oxides), cationic ion exchange model (clays). First, this work implies the definition of generic parameters to describe the interactions of the studied metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) with iron and manganese oxides, a part of this information is missing in the literature. Then, after the validation of the approach by comparison with analytical results, this multi-surface model is applied to two contaminated soils located in the North of France (atmospheric deposits) and in Brittany (intensive pig manure applications)
Michalet, Anne. "Le phosphate dans le compartiment sédimentaire fluvial : influence d'une station d'épuration." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-135.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLebourg, Annie. "Etude de l'extraction des métaux en traces de sols pollués en vue de la détermination de leur biodisponibilité." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-244.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVallée, Karine. "Le nickel dans les eaux alimentaires : application à des champs captants du bassin Artois-Picardie." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-385.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTanguy, Virginie. "Spéciation colloïdale des éléments traces métalliques en milieu estuarien." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708258.
Повний текст джерелаDufailly, Vincent. "Spéciation de l'arsenic dans les produits de la pêche par couplage HPLC-ICP-MS après extraction assitée pas micro-ondes (MAE) : contribution à l'évaluation des risques par l'estimation de sa bioaccessibilité." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5007/01/These2008_vincent_Dufailly.pdf.
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