Дисертації з теми "Temporary measures"
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1
Salas, Villalobos Sergio. "Temporary Measures on the Merits Its uniqueness in the Peruvian procedural system and its necessary adequacy as a Self-Help Measure." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122529.
Анотація:
This article addresses the temporary measures on the merits, to the author this is a hybrid concept within the Peruvian procedural system. to explain this procedural notion, the author begins alluding to the differentiated tutelage and, within it, the self-help measures; then he refers to the procedural stage where the temporary measures on the merits should be placed and also makes a comparison between precautionary measures and self-help measures to conclude that the temporary measures on the merits must be treated as self-help measures.El presente artículo aborda las medidas temporales sobre el fondo, que para el autor es un concepto híbrido dentro del sistema procesal peruano. Para explicar esta noción procesal el autor empieza haciendo alusión a la tutela diferenciada y, dentro de ella, a las medidas autosatisfactivas; luego de ello, se refiere al escenario procesal donde deberían ubicarse las medidas temporales sobre el fondo y, además, hace una comparación entre las medidas cautelares y las medidasautosatisfactivas para concluir que las medidas temporales sobre el fondodeben asimilarse como medidas autosatisfactivas.
2
Kusevski, Dragan. "(Un)exceptional Measures Against a Housing Crisis - A Study of Temporary Housing in Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23121.
Анотація:
The lack of affordable housing has been a long-standing problem for many cities in Sweden, and the recent refugee crisis has only highlighted the difficulties for economically weaker constituencies to enter and sustain in the existing housing market. The pressing situation and a new law, obligating the municipalities to supply housing, forced the authorities to look for solutions. The thesis investigates the recent changes and use of one of these offered solutions – temporary housing permits. Using a qualitative approach, it tries to capture both the formative-discursive processes and the material outcomes of this measure, in order to understand what informs the decision and its possible implications. The study employs theoretical concepts from Giorgio Agamben’s theory on the ‘state of exception’, as I consider them important for the understanding of the processes. The interventions in the housing system are made possible only by declaring that the shortage of housing is in an ‘exceptional situation’, one that can only be resolved with irregular practices, exceptions from standard norm and regular procedures. A look into the legal-formative mechanisms and the materialization of the temporary housing permits is given. The thesis argues that a wider perspective is needed and tries to bring into the discussion the political and social aspects of using a measure like this one. Although conceptualized as a quick and temporary remedy, it is maintained that the utilization of temporary housing permits can potentially have harmful long-lasting effects on the understanding of housing provision, living standards, and planning processes. This suggests that authorities have to be careful when using exceptional measures and calls for a fundamental and systemic re-thinking of housing in general.
3
Richards, J. D. W. "The allocation and effects of special employment measures : The case of the temporary employment subsidy and schemes operated by the Department of Industry." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353817.
4
Vachey, Julien. "L'urgence et le contrôle juridictionnel des atteintes législatives aux droits fondamentaux. : Etude de droit processuel public interne et européen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0146.
Анотація:
Dans le cadre des recours juridictionnels d’urgence de protection provisoire des droits fondamentaux et dans celui des mécanismes de renvoi préalable, l’urgence peut elle se concilier avec le contrôle des lois ? L’étude se consacre dans un premier temps sur le contrôle des lois dans les recours d’urgence de protection provisoire des droits fondamentaux. Elle s’attache ensuite àl’analyse de la prise en compte de l’urgence dans les procédures d’examen des renvois par les juges ad quem. À l’opposé de réticences initiales, l’office du juge du provisoire s’ouvre à l’exercice du contrôle des lois. Aussi, l’on constate une sensibilité croissante des procédures de traitement des renvois aux situations urgentes d’atteintes législatives aux droits fondamentaux. En définitive, il y a lieu de soutenir la thèse selon laquelle le contentieux des lois peut non seulement s’accorder avec les situations d’urgence nous verrons comment mais aussi qu’il le doit nous verrons pourquoi -Can urgency be reconciled with legislative review in the context of emergency appeals for the provisional protection of fundamental rights and in the context of pre filing referral mechanisms ?The study first focuses on the legislative review in emergency appeals for the provisional protection of fundamental rights. It then considers how is urgency considered in the referral review procedures carried out by ad quem judges. Despite initial reluctance, the function of summary proceedings judge is opening to the exercise of legislative review. Thus, there is a growing sensitivity of the referral review procedures to urgent situations of legislative violations of fundamental rights. Eventually, there is ground for arguing that the legislative review not only can be adapted to urgent situations we shall see how but also must be we shall see why
5
Verenich, Ilya. "Explainable predictive monitoring of temporal measures of business processes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/124037/1/Ilya_Verenich_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis explores data-driven, predictive approaches to monitor business process performance. These approaches allow process stakeholders to prevent or mitigate potential performance issues or compliance violations in real time, as early as possible. To help users understand the rationale for the predictions and build trust in them, the thesis proposes two techniques for explainable predictive process monitoring: one based on deep learning, the other driven by process models. This is achieved by decomposing a prediction into its elementary components. The techniques are compared against state-of-the-art baselines and a trade-off between accuracy and explainability of the predictions is evaluated.
6
Bonilha, Márcia Giangiacomo. "Medidas de urgência no âmbito recursal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8213.
Анотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Marcia Giangiacomo Bonilha.pdf: 975948 bytes, checksum: f67947ac8cb2ff13d1654ee7530ac6bb (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-06-10This paper aims to study the urgency measures within the appeal sphere. The urgency measures are differentiated injunction; in other words, alternate injunctions to the common, ordinary procedure. Due to the rediscovery we have been experiencing pursuant to the relation of the procedural law with the material law, such measures have revealed themselves as increasingly important to the acclaimed effectiveness of the jurisdictional injunction, to the concrete execution of the material law; its performance is not restricted to the proceedings in the first level of jurisdiction. The preliminary injunction, the temporary injunction and the restraining orders in general constitute urgency measures, without any sort of prohibition so that any of them may be granted within the appeal sphere. There are express provisions in the legal text which regulate the granting of urgency measures within the appeal scope. Thus, in this work, both typical and atypical measures are treated, emphasizing that the judging entity is not a mere applier of the law, but a central figure in the judicial-procedural relation, holder of the power / duty to ensure that the jurisdictional injunction is in conformance with the sacred principles and values of our legal system
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo das medidas de urgência no âmbito dos recursos. São as medidas de urgência tutelas diferenciadas, ou seja, tutelas alternativas ao procedimento comum, ordinário. Em virtude da redescoberta que se vive da relação do direito processual com o direito material, tais medidas têm se revelado cada vez mais importantes à aclamada efetividade da tutela jurisdicional, à realização concreta do direito material, não estando sua atuação restrita aos processos no primeiro grau de jurisdição. Do gênero medidas de urgência são espécies a tutela antecipada, a tutela cautelar e as medidas liminares em geral, não havendo vedação para que qualquer delas seja concedida em sede recursal. Há expressas previsões no texto legal para a concessão de medidas de urgência no âmbito recursal. Assim, neste trabalho, tratamos tanto das medidas típicas quanto daquelas atípicas, salientando que o órgão julgador não é um mero aplicador da lei, mas sim uma figura central da relação jurídico-processual, detentor do poder/dever de garantir que a tutela jurisdicional esteja em conformidade com os princípios e valores consagrados no nosso sistema jurídico
7
Gao, Yang. "Mining Associations of Older Adults' Mobility and Sleep Data Measured via Passive Sensors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28810.
Анотація:
The rapid growth of older population around the world increases the health care costs. The emergence of internet of things creates an opportunity for improved and cost-effective solution, by using technology to assist older people to live independently. In-home monitoring of the health and wellbeing of older adults using passive sensors, which do not interfere with daily activities, could improve the quality of life of older adults and also help care providers to better plan the required support.
In this thesis we explore the relation between sleep and mobility of older adults (65 aged or older), living at home and monitored in their natural living environment using non-invasive sensors, for a period of about 12 months. The sensor data was collected as part of a clinical trial Dementia and Aged Care Services (DACS) , the first study that continuously and objectively monitors sleep and mobility of older adults at home, over a long period of time. Our work focuses on three aspects.
First, we compare three automated measures of indoor mobility derived based on data from passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors (number of room transitions, number of sensor firings and transition duration), to find an alternative to the number of steps distance, which requires measuring the distance between pairs of sensors in advance. We found that the number of room transitions is highly correlated with the daily indoor distance regardless of the residents’ age, gender, cognition status or regular external visits. This measure could serve as an effective tool to monitor longitudinal daily changes in indoor step count and thus to better understand the health and wellbeing of home residents.
Second, we investigate the differences of sensor-measured sleep parameters (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, time in bed, awakening counts and sleep efficiency) and next-day mobility of 36 participants. We use statistical testing to determine the differences between gender and age groups (70s, 80s and 90s). We then built a stepwise multivariate regression model for each participant to investigate the association between sleep parameters and the next-day indoor mobility. We found that there is a significant difference in sleep and mobility of older adults across gender and age groups and sleep efficiency is the key factor affecting the next-day mobility regardless of age and gender.
Third, we consider the sleep and mobility data of the 36 people as time series and transformed it into symbolic interval-based components representing trends and states. We developed a sleep-wake protocol to define temporal relations between temporal components in sleep and mobility time series, and incorporate the defined relations into an existing temporal association rule mining algorithm with adaption of algorithm parameters to discover rules in the form of time-interval related patterns. We defined a rule selection procedure based on quantitative evaluation metrics (vertical support, mean horizontal support, confidence and lift) to discover trend-to-trend and trend-to-state temporal association rules between mobility and sleep (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, time in bed and sleep efficiency). Finally, we interpret 19 interesting rules by describing the trends and state between each sleep variable and mobility, and the correlations (either negative or positive) of the changes in temporal intervals of sleep and mobility. The rules reveal the order of occurrence of the interval components and the correlation between these components. Knowledge-driven clinical expert opinion is also given to evaluate some discovered rules.
Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of (i) the sleep patterns of community-dwelling older adults and how they affect physical functioning, and (ii) the temporal association between sleep and mobility. They can be used to improve the healthcare for older adults.
8
Falk, Hampus. "Measure development and social media analysis using temporal text networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393305.
Анотація:
The widespread social media usage generates an immense amount of data. Data which is highly beneficial to several domains whether monetary or research based. Various models exist to extract this data however analysis tend to be restrictive. The temporal text network model is a dynamic network model built upon the foundation of temporal networks. It provides text as a variable and considers messages passed between users while maintaining the time of transmission, making it suitable for social media analysis. No measures exist to perform this analysis, the objective of this thesis was therefore to develop measures to be used in the mapping of communicative behaviour on two Twitter datasets. The created measures conclude that communication is similar on Twitter no matter the domain observed. When further reducing the scope of a political dataset, information regarding the social media presence between parties and the localization of key questions was found.
9
De, Jesus Alma Lorelei. "Urban ambient particles: Long-term spatio-temporal trends and impacts of different control measures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207786/1/Alma%20Lorelei_De%20Jesus_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis is a quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal variability as well as trends of the particulate matter concentrations in the ambient urban air. The outcome provided a clear understanding on how the different metrics (particle number, particle mass and oxidative potential) were affected by mitigation measures and other important drivers such as emission sources and meteorological factors.
10
Chukwusa, Emeka. "The impact of alternative distance measures and temporal variation in demand on location-allocation decisions." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32240.
Анотація:
The aim of the study was to explore the impact of spatio-temporal variations in demand and alternative-based GIS measures on location–allocation. Location-allocation models are mathematical formulations that seek to optimise facility locations (supply) in relation to the spatial distribution of demand and transport networks. However, there are a number of shortcomings to many location-allocation analyses applied to spatial planning. First, in most analyses the demands that are used as inputs to the models are static. Second, location-allocation models usually fail to incorporate demand trends and most analyses only use the most recent demand estimates. Third, distances separating supply and demand locations have been modelled as 3D, by incorporating variations in elevation or as 2D by assuming that the earth's surface is a continuous plane. This thesis addresses these shortcomings by investigating the impact of these factors on location-allocation decisions making based on different case studies. The first analysis explored the impact of short-term spatio-temporal variations through a case study of EMS location planning in Leicestershire. This was achieved by comparing a residential-based location model, which assumes that demand is static with an alternative location model – the travel-to-work model that incorporates dynamic changes in demand due to journey-to-work. The results of the analysis showed clear differences in both approach, in terms of selected locations, demand allocated to selected locations, Average Weighted Distance (AWD) and demand coverage. In the second analysis, the impact of the long-term spatio-temporal variations in demand was explored through a case study of deriving optimal locations for outreach clinics in Leicester. A trend-weighted approach that incorporates the trajectories of changes in demand was compared with the Non-trend weighted model - a traditional approach that ignores the changing demand trend. The results from the comparative analysis indicated that neglecting demand trend over time, consistently underestimates AWD to selected outreach clinic. This finding suggests that current and future access to outreach clinic may be underestimated, when trends in demand are ignored. Finally, the third analysis compared 2D and 3D distances based on a case study of finding optimal locations for EMS in the hilly areas of South Yorkshire and Sheffield. The results indicated that location-allocation results derived from 3D distance measures are not significantly different from results derived from 2D distance measures. Overall, the finding from the comparative analysis using simulated elevation surfaces, demonstrate that other factors such demand weight distributions and distribution of demand and supply locations influence the outcome of the P-median model. The study concluded that 3D distance is more suited for vehicle routing and allocation problems and siting of Automatic External Defiribilators (AEDs) in building interiors and therefore may not be suitable for location planning in the outdoor environment.
11
Latif, Sumaia Abdel. "Medidas de dependência local para séries temporais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-02042008-143641/.
Анотація:
Diferente das medidas de associação global (coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson, de Spearman, tau de Kendall, por exemplo), as medidas de dependência local descrevem o comportamento da dependência localmente em diferentes regiões. Nesta tese, as medidas de dependência local para variáveis aleatórias propostas por Bairamov et al. (2003), Bjerve e Doksum (1993) e Sibuya (1960), são estudadas sob o enfoque de processos estocásticos estacionários bivariados e univariados, neste caso, estudando o comportamento da dependência local ao longo das defasagens da série temporal. Para as duas primeiras medidas, discutimos as suas propriedades, e estudamos os seus estimadores, além da consistência dos mesmos. Para a medida de Sibuya, além de discutir suas propriedades, propomos três estimadores para variáveis aleatórias e dois para séries temporais, verificando a consistência dos mesmos. O comportamento das três medidas locais e dos seus estimadores foram avaliados através de simulações e aplicações a dados reais (neste caso, fizemos uma comparação destas com cópula e densidade cópula).Unlike global association measures (Pearson´s linear correlation coefficient, Spearman´s rho, Kendall´s tau, for example), local dependence measures describe the behaviour of dependence locally in different regions. In this thesis, the local dependence measures for random variables proposed by Bairamov et al. (2003), Bjerve and Doksum (1993) and Sibuya (1960), are studied in the context of bivariate and univariate stationary stochastic processes, in this case, evaluating the performance of local dependence along time lags. We discussed the properties and studied the estimators and consistence of the first two measures. As for the Sibuya measure, in addition to discussing its properties, we propose three estimators for random variables and two for time series while checking their consistence. The behaviour of the three local measures and their respective estimators was evaluated by simulations and application to real data (in this case, a comparison was drawn with copula and copula density).
12
McCaslin, Devin Lochlan. "An objective measure of temporal resolution in normal subjects using frequency modulated signals /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488190109867385.
13
Charlton, Shawn R. "The relationship between behavioral measures of self-control temporal discounting and the single-player iterated prisoner's dilemma /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3233748.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 6, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-148).
14
Tucci, Danielle. "Measures of Social Cognition in the Laboratory and Real World: Towards Temporal Dynamics of Implicit Other-Regard." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/47.
Анотація:
Social cognition is a fundamental aspect of human experience that enables us to have relationships with and understanding of other people. Social relationships have been shown to mitigate cognitive decline in old age and benefit cognitive functioning, and the social interaction on which these relationships rely requires an extensive network of cognitive processes, and by extension neural systems, that have not, as of yet, been widely studied in older adults. Nor has the function of these systems been tied to social relationships in the real world. Here, I will compare self-reports of real-world quality and extent of social networks with behavioral and neural measures of other-regard in the laboratory. It is hoped that by so doing we will be able to link social neuroscientific measures in the laboratory with persons’ perceptions of the quality and extent of their social relationships. In this study, other-regard in older adults was operationalized with a reaction-time measure in an implicit turn-taking task, neural measures were provided by dense array EEG, and all participants also completed self-report measures of empathy subscales and of the quality and extent of their social networks. I found that measures of empathic personal distress decreased with increased other-regard (r = -0.36, p = 0.01, beta = 0.47), while increased quality and extent of social networks associated marginally with increased other-regard (r = 0.20, p = 0.11, beta = 0.39). Neural analyses are ongoing and are expected to show differential activation consistent with cognitive processes such as theory of mind, empathy, joint attention, and executive control.
15
Chicharro, Raventós Daniel. "Characterization of information and causality measures for the study of neuronal data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22658.
Анотація:
We study two methods of data analysis which are common tools for the analysis of neuronal data. In particular, we examine how causal interactions between brain regions can be investigated using time series reflecting the neural activity in these regions. Furthermore, we analyze a method used to study the neural code that evaluates the discrimination of the responses of single neurons elicited by different stimuli. This discrimination analysis is based on the quantification of the similarity of the spike trains with time scale parametric spike train distances. In each case we describe the methods used for the analysis of the neuronal data and we characterize their specificity using simulated or exemplary experimental data. Taking into account our results, we comment the previous studies in which the methods have been applied. In particular, we focus on the interpretation of the statistical measures in terms of underlying neuronal causal connectivity and properties of the neural code, respectively.Estudiem dos mètodes d'anàlisi de dades que són eines habituals per a l'anàlisi de dades neuronals. Concretament, examinem la manera en què les interaccions causals entre regions del cervell poden ser investigades a partir de sèries temporals que reflecteixen l'activitat neuronal d'aquestes regions. A més a més, analitzem un mètode emprat per estudiar el codi neuronal que avalua la discriminació de les respostes de neurones individuals provocades per diferents estímuls. Aquesta anàlisi de la discriminació es basa en la quantificació de la similitud de les seqüències de potencials d'acció amb distàncies amb un paràmetre d'escala temporal. Tenint en compte els nostres resultats, comentem els estudis previs en els quals aquests mètodes han estat aplicats. Concretament, ens centrem en la interpretació de les mesures estadístiques en termes de connectivitat causal neuronal subjacent i propietats del codi neuronal, respectivament.
16
Moroney, Aoife. "The use of spatial and temporal analysis in the maintenance of road mortality mitigation measures for wildlife in Ireland." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-241441.
Анотація:
Urbanisation and a growing global population have caused our road networks to expand rapidly in the past decades. The consequences of transport infrastructure for wildlife include traffic mortality, habitat loss and habitat degradation and the negative impact of a road extends far beyond the road itself. In Ireland, there are mitigation measures for wildlife mortality in place on all major roads. Mitigation measures can help reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and increase habitat connectivity but need to be properly monitored and maintained following implementation. This study was carried out in collaboration with the Environmental Policy & Compliance department at Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII), a state agency in Ireland responsible for national road and public transport infrastructure. It applied various spatial and temporal analyses methods in order to ascertain how best to prioritise critical road sections and times for maintenance. The significance of the study is that recent site visits carried out in Ireland found that 66% of mitigation measures were of inadequate standard. The methods were applied to roadkill data taken over an eight year period on the M3 motorway in county Meath, Ireland. This case study was chosen as mitigation measures, such as underpasses and mammal underpasses, have been in operation since its’ opening in 2010. It was found that temporal analysis could provide an insight into whether roadkill was increasing or decreasing annually as well as what months were most recommendable to carry out maintenance. The spatial analysis began with using Ripley’s K-statistics to first determine whether or not clustering of roadkill was occurring along the study area. Four different methods of locating hotspots along a road network were then applied and compared; Malo’s method, 2D Hotspot Analysis using Siriema Road Mortality software, kernel density estimation using SANET and finally KDE+. The findings showed that, despite mitigation measures being in place, hotspots were still occurring indicating road sections experiencing higher numbers of roadkill than expected in a random situation. These sections could then be prioritised for maintenance. It was found that the KDE+ software in conjunction with the use of a roadkill data app was the most recommendable approach. It was also noted that that the app should be expanded to other road classes and rail. It is recommended that this be made a standard protocol, comparable on a national level, for the prioritisation of mitigation measures for maintenance. Finally, it was recommended that more public awareness about wildlife-vehicle collisions and mitigation measures be raised. In the future, the app could also be connected to GPS systems to warn drivers of critical road sections. If these methods and recommendations are applied to the Irish road network, a reduction in roadkill should be observed.
17
Hansen, Kristina S. Withers. "Reliability and a Measure of Sexual Interest: Examining the Temporal Stability of Scores on Affinity 2.5." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2817.
Анотація:
Affinity 2.5 is a computer-based instrument designed to measure sexual interest using viewing time of images depicting fully-clothed males and females of different ages. Participants are asked to rate the sexual attractiveness of the person in the image according to a 15-point scale while their viewing time of each image is surreptitiously monitored. The validity of viewing time as a measure of sexual interest is based on social cognition theory and is established in the review of literature. The number of images comprising Affinity 2.5 represents a 42.9% increase from the previous version of the assessment, Affinity 2.0. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal stability of scores on Affinity 2.5 for a sample of exclusively heterosexual, nonpedophilic males and females. Viewing time data from 63 males and 84 females were analyzed using a chi-square procedure. Results of this analysis indicate that 86% of responses from the male participants and 88% of responses from the female participants were consistent from time one to time two. As suspected, these percentages represent an increase in reliability over the temporal stability of the shorter Affinity 2.0.
18
Louis, Pierre-Yves. "Ergodicity of PCA : equivalence between spatial and temporal mixing conditions." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/658/.
Анотація:
For a general attractive Probabilistic Cellular Automata on S-Zd, we prove that the (time-) convergence towards equilibrium of this Markovian parallel dynamics, exponentially fast in the uniform norm, is equivalent to a condition (A). This condition means the exponential decay of the influence from the boundary for the invariant measures of the system restricted to finite boxes. For a class of reversible PCA dynamics on {1,+1}(Zd), wit a naturally associated Gibbsian potential rho, we prove that a (spatial-) weak mixing condition (WM) for rho implies the validity of the assumption (A); thus exponential (time-) ergodicity of these dynamics towards the unique Gibbs measure associated to rho hods. On some particular examples we state that exponential ergodicity holds as soon as there is no phase transition.
19
McGuire, Lindsey C. "Temporal Changes in Depression and Neurocognitive Performance in Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Repeated Measures Evaluation Pre- and Post-Concussion Injury." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/271333.
Анотація:
KinesiologyPh.D.
The study had three purposes: 1.) examine the temporal change in depression symptoms among collegiate student-athletes throughout a fall athletic season, 2.) identify the course of depression in student-athletes pre- and post-concussion injury, and 3.) examine the relationship between neurocognitive performance and depression at baseline and post-concussion injury. Depression symptoms were measured every two weeks, beginning at pre-season baseline, until the end of the athletic season using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) exam was used to measure neurocognitive performance at baseline and post-concussion. A total of 593 (92.1%) participants were used in the depression analyses. On average, nearly a third of the athletes endorsed minimal levels of depression symptoms across the fall athletic season. Across the entire athletic season, 3.7% of student-athletes had their PHQ-9s red-flag for moderate to severe depression symptoms. Significant differences were found in depression symptoms across time, and by sex. At pre-season baseline, higher depression symptoms were significantly correlated with decreased scores on Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, and Total Symptom Score, and increased Reaction Time. A total of 27 concussed athletes were used in the concussion and depression analyses. No significant differences were found between depression symptoms pre-concussion and any of the post-concussion time intervals. At 1 week post-concussion, elevated depression symptoms were significantly correlated with slower Reaction Time and higher Total Symptom Scores at 1 week post-concussion, and increased Impulse Control and Total Symptom Scores at 3-5 months post-concussion. These results demonstrate the need to evaluate depression symptoms at pre-season baseline, across the athletic season, and post-concussion in collegiate student-athletes.
Temple University--Theses
20
Cheng, Tao. "Automated safety analysis of construction site activities using spatio-temporal data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47564.
Анотація:
During the past 10 years, construction was the leading industry of occupational fatalities when compared to other goods producing industries in the US. This is partially attributed to ineffective safety management strategies, specifically lack of automated construction equipment and worker monitoring. Currently, worker safety performance is measured and recorded manually, assessed subjectively, and the resulting performance information is infrequently shared among selected or all project stakeholders. Accurate and emerging remote sensing technology provides critical spatio-temporal data that has the potential to automate and advance the safety monitoring of construction processes.
This doctoral research focuses on pro-active safety utilizing radio-frequency location tracking (Ultra Wideband) and real-time three-dimensional (3D) immersive data visualization technologies. The objective of the research is to create a model that can automatically analyze the spatio-temporal data of the main construction resources (personnel, materials, and equipment), and automatically measure, assess, and visualize worker's safety performance. The research scope is limited to human-equipment interaction in a complex construction site layout where proximities among construction resources are omnipresent. In order to advance the understanding of human-equipment proximity issues, extensive data has been collected in various field trials and from projects with multiple scales. Computational algorithms developed in this research process the data to provide spatio-temporal information that is crucial for construction activity monitoring and analysis. Results indicate that worker's safety performance of selected activities can be automatically and objectively measured using the developed model.
The major contribution of this research is the creation of a proximity hazards assessment model to automatically analyze spatio-temporal data of construction resources, and measure, evaluate, and visualize their safety performance. This research will significantly contribute to transform safety measures in construction industry, as it can determine and communicate automatically safe and unsafe conditions to various project participants located on the field or remotely.
21
Lai, Yuk Fo. "Spatial and temporal variations of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured by autochambers at the Mer Bleue bog." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110514.
Анотація:
The net ecosystem carbon (C) balance and radiative forcing impact of northern peatlands are largely governed by the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gases with the atmosphere. To predict the effects of perturbations on peatland C exchange, the relationships between gas fluxes and environmental correlates should be established at the plant community and microtopographic level to capture the spatial heterogeneity of peatlands. In this research, I use an autochamber system to quantify CO2 and CH4 fluxes at a sub-daily time scale among three vascular plant communities at the Mer Bleue ombrotrophic bog, and examine how gas exchange is related to environmental and biotic factors across time and space.In highly turbulent conditions, CH4 and nighttime CO2 effluxes measured by autochambers with a short deployment period were underestimated by 9-57% and 13-21%, respectively, due to wind flushing the dry and porous surface peat as shown by a reduction in pore space CO2 concentration gradient. In contrast, CH4 and nighttime CO2 effluxes measured in calm conditions were overestimated by ~100%. These problems were resolved by extending the deployment period and discarding data in the initial 13 minutes when calculating fluxes. Eriophorum and Maianthemum/Ledum communities contributed to over half of the total CH4 emissions from the bog, although they covered only 30% of the total area. The temporal variability of CH4 flux was correlated (r > 0.4) with peat temperature, only when water table was less than 20, 30, and 40 cm below the peat surface for Maianthemum/Ledum, Chamaedaphne, and Eriophorum communities, respectively. Significant differences in the overall photosynthesis and respiration models existed among all three plant communities. Maximum net ecosystem CO2 exchange explained well the variations in seasonal mean CH4 flux among Eriophorum and lawn sites, but the relationship was weakened after including hummock sites. Cross-correlation results show a lag of 9-12 hours of CH4 flux behind photosynthetic activity for the Eriophorum community, but a much longer lag of 18-26 days for the Maianthemum/Ledum community. My findings highlight the importance of considering separately the functionally different plant communities dominated by distinct growth forms in the modelling of C gas exchange in ombrotrophic bogs.L'équilibre du carbone (C) net de l'écosystème et l'impact du forçage radiatif des tourbières dans le Nord sont largement régis par les échanges de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et du méthane (CH4) entre l'atmosphère. Pour prédire les effets des perturbations sur les échanges C à la tourbière, les relations entre les flux de gaz et les corrélats environnementaux devraient être établies au niveau de la communauté végétale et microtopographique afin de saisir l'hétérogénéité spatiale de la tourbière. Dans cette recherche, un système de chambre de automatique est utilisé pour quantifier les flux de CO2 et de CH4 à une échelle de temps sous-quotidienne entre les trois communautés de plantes vasculaires à la tourbière ombrotrophe Mer Bleue. Les liens entre les échanges gazeux et les facteurs environnementaux et biotiques sont examinés dans le temps et l'espace.Dans des conditions très turbulentes, l'écoulement du CH4 et celui du CO2 de la nuit mesurés par les chambres automatiques avec une courte durée de déploiement ont été sous-estimés par 9-57% et 13-21% respectivement, en raison du vent soufflant sur la surface de la tourbe sèche et poreuse tel que témoigné par une réduction dans le gradient de concentration du CO2 dans l'espace poreux. En revanche, l'écoulement du CH4 et celui du CO2 de la nuit mesurés dans les conditions calmes ont été surestimées par environ 100%. Ces problèmes ont été résolus par allonger la durée de déploiement et par supprimer les données dans les 13 premières minutes lors du calcul des flux. Les communautés Eriophorum et Maianthemum/Ledum ont contribué à plus de la moitié des émissions totales du CH4 provenant de la tourbière, bien qu'ils ne couvrent que 30% de la superficie totale. La variabilité temporelle des flux du CH4 est corrélée (r > 0.4) avec la température de la tourbe, seulement si le niveau hydrostatique est inférieur à 20, 30 et 40 centimètres sous la surface de la tourbe respectivement pour les communautés Maianthemum/Ledum, Chamaedaphne et Eriophorum. Il existe des différences significatives entre les modèles globaux de photosynthèse et de respiration pour les trois communautés végétales. L'échange maximal net du CO2 dans l'écosystème explique bien les variations dans les moyennes saisonnières du flux CH4 pour l'Eriophorum et les sites de pelouse. La relation est plus faible si les sites buttes sont inclus. Les résultats de la corrélation croisée montrent un décalage de 9 à 12 heures entre le flux du CH4 et l'activité photosynthétique pour la communauté Eriophorum, mais un décalage beaucoup plus long, de 18 à 26 jours, pour la communauté Maianthemum/Ledum. Mes résultats soulignent l'importance de considérer séparément les communautés de plantes, qui ont des fonctionnalités différentes et sont dominées par des formes de croissance distinctes, dans la modélisation de l'échange du gaz carbonique (C) dans les tourbières ombrotrophes.
22
Spiegel, Stephan Verfasser], Sahin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Albayrak, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurths, and Friedemann [Akademischer Betreuer] Mattern. "Time series distance measures : segmentation, classification, and clustering of temporal data / Stephan Spiegel. Gutachter: Sahin Albayrak ; Jürgen Kurths ; Friedemann Mattern. Betreuer: Sahin Albayrak." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075547326/34.
23
Rosengard, Peninah S. 1970. "Relationship between measures related to the cochlear active mechanism and speech reception thresholds in backgrounds with and without spectral and/or temporal fluctuations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28598.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-203).
The importance of the cochlear active mechanism in the reception of speech in different types of noise was explored. The perceptual effects of loudness recruitment, a consequence of loss of the active mechanism, were assessed in simulated-loss listeners using a multiband expansion algorithm that models abnormal cochlear linearity. While this algorithm, which derives the expansion characteristic from absolute hearing thresholds, can accurately simulate the mean speech intelligibility results of hearing-impaired listeners, its ability to simulate the performance of individual listeners is limited. Given the relationship between loudness perception and the active mechanism, deriving the expansion characteristic from estimates of cochlear compression should provide a more accurate model of an individual listener's impairment. Towards this aim, the reliability of two psychoacoustic methods used to estimate the magnitude of compression (growth of masking and temporal masking) was assessed. Results suggest that growth of masking is a more reliable measure of compression in listeners with both normal and impaired hearing. The relationship between the compressive characteristics of the auditory system and speech perception in complex acoustic backgrounds was also evaluated. The operational status of the active mechanism was assessed behaviorally using three independently derived measures: (1) slope ratio of off- and on-frequency growth of masking functions, (2) equivalent rectangular bandwidth of auditory filters, and (3) masker-phase masking differences. These measures were correlated with speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in backgrounds with and without spectral and/or temporal-modulations. The relationship between slope ratios, filter bandwidths, and the maximum
(cont.) SRT difference (SRT in steady noise minus SRT in temporally modulated, spectral gap noise) was significant. These results indicate that the ability to take advantage of momentary fluctuations in the amplitude or frequency spectrum of background noise requires an intact active mechanism. The speech reception performance of two hearing-impaired listeners was modeled using a customized version of the expansion algorithm. The algorithm was customized to an individual's impairment based on psychoacoustic measures used to evaluate the integrity of the active mechanism. The maximum SRT difference in the simulated-loss listeners more closely matched the results of their hearing-impaired counterparts, compared to SRTs measured using the original algorithm. These results provide further evidence of the importance of the active mechanism to the perception of speech in modulated noise.
by Peninah S. Rosengard.
Ph.D.
24
Spiegel, Stephan [Verfasser], Sahin [Akademischer Betreuer] Albayrak, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurths, and Friedemann [Akademischer Betreuer] Mattern. "Time series distance measures : segmentation, classification, and clustering of temporal data / Stephan Spiegel. Gutachter: Sahin Albayrak ; Jürgen Kurths ; Friedemann Mattern. Betreuer: Sahin Albayrak." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075547326/34.
25
Ayad, Omar. "The Effects of Ketamine on the Brain’s Spontaneous Activity as Measured by Temporal Variability and Scale-Free Properties. A Resting-State fMRI Study in Healthy Adults." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34105.
Анотація:
Converging evidence from a variety of fields, including psychiatry, suggests that
the temporal correlates of the brain’s resting state could serve as essential markers of a
healthy and efficient brain. We use ketamine to induce schizophrenia-like states in 32
healthy individuals to examine the brain’s resting states using fMRI. We found a global
reduction in temporal variability quantified by the time series’ standard deviation and an
increase in scale-free properties quantified by the Hurst exponent representing the signal
self-affinity over time. We also found network-specific and frequency-specific effects of
ketamine on these temporal measures. Our results confirm prior studies in aging, sleep,
anesthesia, and psychiatry suggesting that increased self-affinity and decreased temporal
variability of the brain resting state could indicate a compromised and inefficient brain
state. Our results expand our systemic view of the temporal structure of the brain and
shed light on promising biomarkers in psychiatry
26
Lee, Sang-Il. "Spatial association measures for an ESDA-GIS framework : developments, significance tests, and applications to spatio-temporal income dynamics of U.S. Labor Market Areas, 1969-1999 /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165276465.
27
Cameron, Emma. "A study of the normative psychometric properties of the ALFIE, a novel measure of accelerated long-term forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2015. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/22340/.
Анотація:
Background: Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) typically complain of memory difficulties, but these are not always evident on objective memory assessments. This discrepancy may result from under- or over-reporting of memory problems as a result of motivation (e.g., to avoid confrontation, functional consequences on employment), impact of psychosocial factors (e.g., mood) or epilepsy patients’ perception of their difficulties (e.g., memory disturbances may cause difficulties with patients’ metamemory, meaning they lack the ability to accurately comment on their cognitive capabilities). Alternatively, this could be explained by a lack of specificity in current memory measures that utilise delay periods of 30-40 minutes. Research suggests that extending published memory tests to assess recall over a longer period (e.g., a two-week delay) allows the memory deficits described by those with TLE to be seen – a phenomenon known as Accelerated Long-term Forgetting (ALF). However, the literature has yet to address difficulties with test ecological validity and clinical practicability. Aim: The aim of this research was to further develop a novel measure of ALF to examine whether it was a clinically viable test measure. This was explored through assessments of validity, reliability, and acceptability/practicability of the implemented test procedure, for this novel measure. Method: 50 healthy participants’ objective memory performance was assessed by asking them to recall and recognise information at three time points: immediately after presentation of stimuli (T1), after 40 minutes (T2), and after two-weeks (T3). Alongside a published story and word list tasks, a novel measure was used – the Accelerated Long-term Forgetting In Epilepsy (ALFIE) test. We believe this to be more ecologically valid and clinically practical than other memory measures, due to the test using multi-modal stimuli drawn from real-life televised news broadcasts (concordant with a verisimilitude approach), with use of telephone follow-up phone-calls to assess two-week recall and recognition. Subjective memory performance was assessed via use of a self-report questionnaire. Results: Convergence of results on the ALFIE and published memory measures was found. Although extension of the published measure to a two-week delay might then seem justifiable, the ALFIE test showed greater correlations with subjective memory scores than the published story and word lists tasks. This suggests greater ecological validity of the ALFIE measure than the published memory test. Reliability was assessed through inter-rater reliability and analysis of parallel forms. The ALFIE showed high inter-rater reliability and although parallel forms reliability was poor, through standardisation versions may be used as alternate forms. Low attrition rates suggest that use of a two-week delayed assessment via telephone might be a clinically viable solution for specialist Epilepsy services assessing ALF, often over large geographical regions (where it would be costly, impractical and hard to co-ordinate for patients to return for extended delay follow-ups within such a restrictive time limit). Significant differences in performance between genders needs further examination, but may partially be explained through emotional salience of materials. Conclusion: The ALFIE test appears to be a viable test measure for assessing memory that is more ecologically-valid and clinically practicable than current memory measures.
28
Brito, Carlos Stein Naves de. "Medidas de dependência entre séries temporais: estudo comparativo, análise estatística e aplicações em neurociências." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-12052013-133201/.
Анотація:
Medidas de dependência entre séries temporais são estudadas com a perspectiva de evidenciar como diferentes regiões do cérebro interagem, por meio da aplicação a sinais eletrofisiológicos. Baseado na representação auto-regressiva e espectral de séries temporais, diferentes medidas são comparadas entre si, incluindo coerência espectral e a coerência parcial direcionada, e introduz-se uma nova medida, denominada transferência parcial direcionada. As medidas são analisadas pelas propriedades de parcialização, relações diretas ou indiretas e direcionalidade temporal, e são mostradas suas relações com a correlação quadrática. Conclui-se que, entre as medidas analisadas, a coerência parcial direcionada e a transferência parcial direcionada possuem o maior número de características desejáveis, fundamentadas no conceito de causalidade de Granger. A estatística assintótica é desenvolvida para todas as medidas, incluindo intervalo de confiança e teste de hipótese nula, assim como sua implementação computacional. A aplicação a séries simuladas e a análise de dados eletrofisiológicos reais ilustram o estudo comparativo e a aplicabilidade das novas estatísticas apresentadas.Measures of dependence between temporal series are studied in the context of revealing how different brain regions interact, through their application to electrophysiology. Based on the spectral and autoregressive model of time series, different measures are compared, including coherence and partial directed coherence, and a new measure is introduced, named partial directed transfer. The measures are analyzed through the properties of partialization, direct or indirect relations and temporal directionality, and their relation to quadratic correlation is shown. It results that among the presented measures, partial directed coherence and partial directed transfer reveal the highest number of desirable properties, being grounded on the concept of Granger causality. The asymptotic statistics for all measures are developed, including confidence intervals and null hypothesis testing, as well as their computational implementation. The application to simulated series and the analysis of electrophysiological data illustrate the comparative study and the applicability of the newly presented statistics.
29
Silva, Diego Furtado. "Large scale similarity-based time series mining." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-07122017-161346/.
Анотація:
Time series are ubiquitous in the day-by-day of human beings. A diversity of application domains generate data arranged in time, such as medicine, biology, economics, and signal processing. Due to the great interest in time series, a large variety of methods for mining temporal data has been proposed in recent decades. Several of these methods have one characteristic in common: in their cores, there is a (dis)similarity function used to compare the time series. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is arguably the most relevant, studied and applied distance measure for time series analysis. The main drawback of DTW is its computational complexity. At the same time, there are a significant number of data mining tasks, such as motif discovery, which requires a quadratic number of distance computations. These tasks are time intensive even for less expensive distance measures, like the Euclidean Distance. This thesis focus on developing fast algorithms that allow large-scale analysis of temporal data, using similarity-based methods for time series data mining. The contributions of this work have implications in several data mining tasks, such as classification, clustering and motif discovery. Specifically, the main contributions of this thesis are the following: (i) an algorithm to speed up the exact DTW calculation and its embedding into the similarity search procedure; (ii) a novel DTW-based spurious prefix and suffix invariant distance; (iii) a music similarity representation with implications on several music mining tasks, and a fast algorithm to compute it, and; (iv) an efficient and anytime method to find motifs and discords under the proposed prefix and suffix invariant DTW.Séries temporais são ubíquas no dia-a-dia do ser humano. Dados organizados no tempo são gerados em uma infinidade de domínios de aplicação, como medicina, biologia, economia e processamento de sinais. Devido ao grande interesse nesse tipo de dados, diversos métodos de mineração de dados temporais foram propostos nas últimas décadas. Muitos desses métodos possuem uma característica em comum: em seu núcleo, há uma função de (dis)similaridade utilizada para comparar as séries. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) é indiscutivelmente a medida de distância mais relevante na análise de séries temporais. A principal dificuldade em se utilizar a DTW é seu alto custo computacional. Ao mesmo tempo, algumas tarefas de mineração de séries temporais, como descoberta de motifs, requerem um alto número de cálculos de distância. Essas tarefas despendem um grande tempo de execução, mesmo utilizando-se medidas de distância menos custosas, como a distância Euclidiana. Esta tese se concentra no desenvolvimento de algoritmos eficientes que permitem a análise de dados temporais em larga escala, utilizando métodos baseados em similaridade. As contribuições desta tese têm implicações em variadas tarefas de mineração de dados, como classificação, agrupamento e descoberta de padrões frequentes. Especificamente, as principais contribuições desta tese são: (i) um algoritmo para acelerar o cálculo exato da distância DTW e sua incorporação ao processo de busca por similaridade; (ii) um novo algoritmo baseado em DTW para prover invariância a prefixos e sufixos espúrios no cálculo da distância; (iii) uma representação de similaridade musical com implicações em diferentes tarefas de mineração de dados musicais e um algoritmo eficiente para computá-la; (iv) um método eficiente e anytime para encontrar motifs e discords baseado na medida DTW invariante a prefixos e sufixos.
30
Lopes, Christian Raposo. "Utilização de modelos estatísticos e machine learning para a previsão de vendas no sector do retalho : um estudo comparativo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19184.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisA previsão das necessidades futuras torna-se fundamental para o correto planeamento e operação das empresas de retalho. Ao nível organizacional, as previsões de vendas funcionam como parâmetros de entrada para as diversas áreas funcionais das empresas. Previsões pouco precisas ou ineficientes podem levar à realização de elevado ou baixo nível de inventário, afetando de forma direta a rentabilidade e a posição competitiva das organizações. Os dados de vendas provenientes deste sector, exibem fortes padrões de tendência e variação sazonal, colocando desafios ao desenvolvimento de modelos de previsão eficazes. O objetivo do trabalho assenta na comparação do desempenho da previsão entre os métodos ARIMA e MLP para o estudo de caso de uma empresa portuguesa do sector do retalho, tendo em consideração cinco grupos de produtos. Pretende-se também investigar qual o impacto do pré-processamento dos dados de entrada no rigor das previsões, e de que forma a utilização combinada dos métodos ARIMA e MLP aumenta a eficácia desta previsão. Os resultados apontam para um melhor desempenho do método MLP em comparação com o método ARIMA, quando utilizado o erro de previsão EAM. Foi ainda demonstrado que o pré-processamento dos dados impacta de forma positiva o desempenho da previsão, contribuindo para a redução significativa dos erros de previsão. Também se conclui que a previsão combinada das metodologias ARIMA e MLP produz resultados positivos para duas das cinco categorias de produtos analisadas, mostrando ser um conceito com elevado interesse para uma investigação futura.
Forecasting the future needs is one of the most important decisions for the effective planning and operation of the retail industries. At the organizational level, sales forecasts act as input parameters for the several functional areas of the business. Inaccurate or inefficient forecasts can lead to high or low stock levels, directly affecting the organizations profit and competitive position. Retail sales data often exhibit a strong trend pattern and seasonal variation, creating challenges for the development of effective forecast models. The objective of this study is to compare the forecast performance of ARIMA and MLP methods through a case study of a Portuguese retail company, considering five different groups of products. It is also intended to investigate the impact of the data preprocessing on the accuracy of forecasts, and if the combination of ARIMA and MLP methods can increase the effectiveness of this forecast. The results show that the forecasting performance, evaluated via EAM error, of the MLP method is better than the one obtained for ARIMA method. It has also been shown that data preprocessing positively impacts the forecasting performance, contributing to a significantly reduction of the forecasting errors. It is also concluded that the combined forecasting of the ARIMA and MLP methodologies yields positive results for two of the five groups of products, proving to be a concept of high interest for future research.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
31
Neto, Antonio Carlos Pacheco e. Silva. "Fidedignidade do sistema compreensivo do Rorschach: revisão e estudo da estabilidade temporal em adultos da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-30112009-091310/.
Анотація:
Neste estudo, avaliamos a estabilidade temporal de 59 variáveis principais do Sistema Compreensivo do Rorschach (SCR). Nossa amostra foi composta por 32 adultos nãopacientes da cidade de São Paulo, participantes voluntários. Eles poderiam receber os resultados da avaliação após a coleta dos dados. Predominaram mulheres (75%), indivíduos solteiros (50%), das classes A (41%) e B (41%), com idades de 19 a 58 anos e média de 13 anos de instrução. Vinte e cinco participantes (78%) eram funcionários da universidade onde se realizou a pesquisa, dois (6%) eram alunos e cinco (16%) eram conhecidos dos funcionários. Utilizamos um delineamento de teste-reteste com intervalo de 3 a 4 meses ente as testagens. Os protocolos foram coletados e codificados pelo autor da pesquisa. Um segundo avaliador codificou, de modo independente, 10 protocolos do teste e 10 protocolos do reteste, sorteados. A fidedignidade inter-codificadores foi substancial (iota > 0,60) para a maioria das variáveis. A média das correlações de teste-reteste para as 59 variáveis centrais do SCR foi r = 0,61, o que corresponde a um nível moderado de estabilidade temporal. Investigamos também a direcionalidade das proporções e a consistência das categorias interpretativas. Entre 44% e 70% dos participantes permaneceu na mesma categoria interpretativa no teste e no reteste. Os resultados de estabilidade temporal encontrados foram menores do que os das pesquisas originais do SCR, mas semelhantes aos de um estudo francês recente. A estabilidade das constelações foi alta, com pelo menos 88% dos participantes mantendo o mesmo status negativo ou positivo no teste e no reteste. Fatores como a restrição de faixa de valores e assimetria não parecem explicar a menor estabilidade temporal encontrada na nossa amostra, mas a distribuição dos valores das variáveis, incluindo a maior freqüência de participantes com escores iguais a zero e a presença de escores extremos, pode ter contribuído. Na nossa amostra, o nível de engajamento na tarefa aparentemente foi semelhante ao da amostra normativa da cidade de São Paulo, mas menor do que nas pesquisas originais do SCR. O menor engajamento na tarefa pode ter contribuído para a menor estabilidade temporal encontrada. Fatores relacionados à situação de testagem também parecem ter desempenhado importante papel nos resultados. Os usuários brasileiros devem ter cuidado ao interpretar os resultados obtidos com o SCR, principalmente frente a protocolos com baixo nível de engajamento na tarefa (identificados por R baixo e Lambda alto). Mais pesquisas brasileiras com o SCR são necessárias, inclusive para investigar procedimentos que promovam maior engajamento na tarefa, e que assim possam contribuir para uma maior fidedignidade e validade dos resultados obtidos.We have evaluated the temporal stability of 59 Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) core variables. Our sample was composed of 32 nonpatients adults from the city of São Paulo, who volunteered to participate. They could have access to assessment results after the data collection. Participants were predominantly women (75%), single individuals (50%), from socioeconomic classes A (41%) and B (41%), with ages from 19 to 58 and 13 years of education on average. Twenty-five participants (78%) were employees from the university where the research was accomplished, two (6%) were students at the university and five (16%) were acquaintances of the employees. We used a test-retest design with a 3 to 4 months retest interval. All records were collected and codified by the author. A second rater independently coded 10 records from test and 10 records from retest, randomly selected. Interrater reliability was substantial (iota > .60) for most RCS variables. The mean test-retest correlation for the 59 core variables was r = .61, which indicates a moderate level of temporal stability. We also investigated directionality of proportions and categorical consistency. Between 44% and 70% of the participants were in the same interpretive category on test and retest. These results were lower than the original RCS research, but similar to the findings of a recent French study. Temporal stability for constellations was high, with at least 88% of the participants keeping the same negative or positive status on test and retest. Range restriction and skewness did not seem to explain the lower stability found in our sample, but the distributions of values for some variables, with a high frequency of participants with scores of zero and outliers, may have contributed. Task engagement in our sample apparently was similar to that found for the normative sample of adults from São Paulo, but lower than in the original RCS research. Lower task engagement may have contributed to the lower temporal stability. Factors of the testing situation seem to have played an important role in the results also. Brazilian users should take care in interpreting RCS results, mainly when task engagement is low (indicated by low R and high Lambda). More research with RCS in Brazil is needed, also to investigate procedures for obtaining higher task engagement, which may contribute to higher reliability and validity of test results.
32
Mesquita, Jaqueline Godoy. "Equações diferenciais funcionais em medida e equações dinâmicas funcionais impulsivas em escalas temporais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-06122012-100402/.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar e desenvolver a teoria de equações dinâmicas funcionais impulsivas em escalas temporais. Mostramos que estas equações representam um caso especial de equações diferenciais funcionais em medida impulsivas. Também, apresentamos uma relação entre estas equações e as equações diferenciais funcionais em medida e, ainda, mostramos uma relação entre elas e as equações diferenciais ordinárias generalizadas. Relacionamos, também, as equações diferenciais funcionais em medida e as equações dinâmicas funcionais em escalas temporais. Obtemos resultados sobre existência e unicidade de soluções, dependência contínua, método da média periódico e não-periódico bem como resultados de estabilidade para todos os tipos de equações descritos anteriormente. Também, provamos algumas propriedades relativas às funções regradas e aos conjuntos equiregrados em espaços de Banach, que foram essenciais para os nossos propósitos. Os resultados novos apresentados neste trabalho estão contidos em 7 artigos, dos quais dois já foram publicados e um aceito. Veja [16], [32], [34], [36], [37], [38] e [84]The aim of this work is to investigate and develop the theory of impulsive functional dynamic equations on time scales. We prove that these equations represent a special case of impulsive measure functional differential equations. Moreover, we present a relation between these equations and measure functional differential equations and, also, a correspondence between them and generalized ordinary differential equations. Also, we clarify the relation between measure functional differential equations and functional dynamic equations on time scales. We obtain results on the existence and uniqueness of solutions, continuous dependence on parameters, non-periodic and periodic averaging principles and stability results for all these types of equations. Moreover, we prove some properties concerning regulated functions and equiregulated sets in a Banach space which were essential to our purposes. The new results presented in this work are contained in 7 papers, two of which have already been published and one accepted. See [16], [32], [34], [36], [37], [38] and [84]
33
Morini, Matteo. "Tools for Understanding the Dynamics of Social Networks." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN075/document.
Анотація:
Cette thèse fournit au lecteur un recueil d'applications de la théorie des graphes ; à ce but, des outils sur mesure, adaptés aux applications considérées, ont été conçus et mis en œuvre de manière inspirée par les données.Dans la première partie, une nouvelle métrique de centralité, nommée “bridgeness”, est présentée, basée sur une décomposition de la centralité intermédiaire (“betweenness centrality”) standard. Une composante, la “connectivité locale”, correspondante approximativement au degré d'un noeud, est différenciée de l'autre, qui, en revanche, évalue les propriétés structurelles à longue distance. En effet, cette dernière fournit une mesure de l'efficacité de chaque noeud à “relayer” parties faiblement connectées d'un réseau ; une caractéristique importante de cette métrique est son agnosticisme en ce qui concerne la structure de la communauté sous jacente éventuelle.Une deuxième application vise à décrire les caractéristiques dynamiques des graphes temporels qui apparaissent au niveau mésoscopique. L'ensemble de données de choix comprend 40 ans de publications scientifiques sélectionnées. L'apparition et l'évolution dans le temps d'un domaine d'étude spécifique (les ondelettes) sont capturées, en discriminant les caractéristiques persistantes des artefacts transitoires résultants du processus de détection des communautés, intrinsèquement bruité, effectué indépendamment sur des instantanées statiques successives. La notion de “flux laminaire”, sur laquelle repose le “score de complexité” que nous cherchons à optimiser, est présentée.Dans le même ordre d'idées, un réseau d'investisseurs japonais a été construit, sur la base d'un ensemble de données qui comprend des informations (indirectes) sur les filiales étrangères en copropriété. Une question très débattue dans le domaine de l'économie industrielle, l'hypothèse de Miwa-Ramseyer, a été démontrée de manière concluante comme fausse, du moins sous sa forme forteThis thesis provides the reader with a compendium of applications of network theory; tailor-madetools suited for the purpose have been devised and implemented in a data-driven fashion. In the first part, a novel centrality metric, aptly named “bridgeness”, is presented, based on adecomposition of the standard betweenness centrality. One component, local connectivity, roughlycorresponding to the degree of a node, is set apart from the other, which evaluates longer-rangestructural properties. Indeed, the latter provides a measure of the relevance of each node in“bridging” weakly connected parts of a network; a prominent feature of the metric is its agnosticism with regard to the eventual ground truth community structure.A second application is aimed at describing dynamic features of temporal graphs which are apparent at the mesoscopic level. The dataset of choice includes 40 years of selected scientific publications.The appearance and evolution in time of a specific field of study (“wavelets”) is captured,discriminating persistent features from transient artifacts, which result from the intrinsically noisy community detection process, independently performed on successive static snapshots. The concept of “laminar stream”, on which the “complexity score” we seek to optimize is based, is introduced.In a similar vein, a network of Japanese investors has been constructed, based on a dataset which includes (indirect) information on co-owned overseas subsidiaries. A hotly debated issue in the field of industrial economics, the Miwa-Ramseyer hypothesis, has been conclusively shown to be false, at least in its strong form
34
Silveira, Vinicius Girardi da. "Uma nova forma de medir liquidez: construção e aplicação no mercado brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12331.
Анотація:
This study aimed to construct a liquidity measure using their proxies and assess their applicability in the financial context. To that, this study proposes the creation of a negotiability measure, which is a compendium of negotiability proxies used by the literature. The statistical procedure used to obtain this measure was the time series factor analysis (TSFA), which it is an extension of traditional factor analysis, working with time series instead of cross-section data. The data used for the illustration presented came from the trading of 858 stocks on BM&FBOVESPA from January 2000 to February 2016. As a result, the measure constructed for the market was demonstrated to be consistent with the others and capable, in terms of correlation, of replacing the proxies used in its construction. In addition, it presented intermediate statistics in relation to their peers, which suggests that the measure can show more balanced results. When analyzed the applicability of the measure in liquidity pricing models, was observed that it has an explanatory power similar to the other proxies used. Having as main differential the advantage of reducing the dimensions of liquidity, considering the information contained in all proxies in only one measure. Moreover, the findings suggest no differences between the means of the measures. However, when observed the variance, the negotiability measure showed distinct from the others, presenting intermediate statistics. In this sense, it is possible to conjecture that the negotiability measure tends to present similar results when used in models based on average, as is the case of regressions. On the other hand, it may be more advantageous and accurate in models that consider variance.O presente estudo teve o objetivo de construir uma medida de liquidez utilizando suas proxies e avaliar a sua aplicabilidade no contexto financeiro. Para tanto, este trabalho propôs a criação de uma medida de negociabilidade, a qual é um compendio de proxies de negociabilidade empregadas pela literatura. O procedimento estatístico utilizado para a obtenção desta medida foi a Análise Fatorial de Séries Temporais (TSFA), a qual é uma extensão da análise fatorial tradicional, trabalhando com séries de tempo ao invés de dados de corte. Os dados utilizados para a ilustração apresentada foram provenientes da negociação de 858 ações na BM&FBOVESPA no período de janeiro de 2000 até fevereiro de 2016. Como resultados, a medida construída para o mercado demonstrou-se consistente em relação às demais e capaz, em termos de correlação, de substituir as proxies utilizadas na sua construção. Além disso, apresentou estatísticas intermediárias em relação aos seus pares, o que sugere que a medida pode exibir resultados mais equilibrados. Quando analisada a aplicabilidade da medida em modelos de precificação com liquidez, observou-se que ela possui um poder explicativo similar as outras proxies utilizadas. Tem como principal diferencial a vantagem de reduzir as dimensões da liquidez, pois considera a informação contida em todas as proxies em apenas uma medida. Além disso, as descobertas sugeriram não haver diferenças de médias entre as medidas. Porém, quando observada a variância, a medida de negociabilidade se mostrou distinta das demais, apresentando estatísticas intermediárias. Neste sentido, é possível conjecturar que a medida de negociabilidade tende a apresentar resultados similares quando utilizada em modelos baseados em média, como é o caso das regressões. Por outro lado, pode ser mais vantajosa e precisa em modelos que considerem a variância.
35
Desmier, Elise. "Co-evolution pattern mining in dynamic attributed graphs." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0071/document.
Анотація:
Cette thèse s'est déroulée dans le cadre du projet ANR FOSTER, "FOuille de données Spatio-Temporelles : application à la compréhension et à la surveillance de l'ERosion" (ANR-2010-COSI-012-02, 2011-2014). Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation de données spatio-temporelles dans des graphes enrichis de sorte que des calculs de motifs sur de telles données permettent de formuler des hypothèses intéressantes sur les phénomènes à comprendre. Plus précisément, nous travaillons sur la fouille de motifs dans des graphes relationnels (chaque noeud est identifié de fa\c con unique), attribués (chaque noeud du graphe est décrit par des attributs qui sont ici numériques), et dynamiques (les valeurs des attributs et les relations entre les noeuds peuvent évoluer dans le temps). Nous proposons un nouveau domaine de motifs nommé motifs de co-évolution. Ce sont des triplets d'ensembles de noeuds, d'ensembles de pas de temps et d'ensembles d'attributs signés, c'est à dire des attributs associés à une tendance (croissance,décroissance). L'intérêt de ces motifs est de décrire un sous-ensemble des données qui possède un comportement spécifique et a priori intéressant pour conduire des analyses non triviales. Dans ce but, nous définissons deux types de contraintes, une contrainte sur la structure du graphe et une contrainte sur la co-évolution de la valeur des attributs portés par les noeuds. Pour confirmer la spécificité du motif par rapport au reste des données, nous définissons trois mesures de densité qui tendent à répondre à trois questions. À quel point le comportement des noeuds en dehors du motif est similaire à celui des noeuds du motif ? Quel est le comportement du motif dans le temps, est-ce qu'il apparaît soudainement ? Est-ce que les noeuds du motif ont un comportement similaire seulement sur les attributs du motif ou aussi en dehors ? Nous proposons l'utilisation d'une hiérarchie sur les attributs comme connaissance à priori de l'utilisateur afin d'obtenir des motifs plus généraux et adaptons l'ensemble des contraintes à l'utilisation de cette hiérarchie. Finalement, pour simplifier l'utilisation de l'algorithme par l'utilisateur en réduisant le nombre de seuils à fixer et pour extraire uniquement l'ensemble des motifs les plus intéressants, nous utilisons le concept de ``skyline'' réintroduit récemment dans le domaine de la fouille de données. Nous proposons ainsi trois algorithmes MINTAG, H-MINTAG et Sky-H-MINTAG qui sont complets pour extraire l'ensemble de tous les motifs qui respectent les différentes contraintes. L'étude des propriétés des contraintes (anti-monotonie, monotonie/anti-monotonie par parties) nous permet de les pousser efficacement dans les algorithmes proposés et d'obtenir ainsi des extractions sur des données réelles dans des temps raisonnablesThis thesis was conducted within the project ANR FOSTER, ``Spatio-Temporal Data Mining: application to the understanding and monitoring of erosion'' (ANR-2010-COSI-012-02, 2011-2014). In this context, we are interested in the modeling of spatio- temporal data in enriched graphs so that computation of patterns on such data can be used to formulate interesting hypotheses about phenomena to understand. Specifically, we are working on pattern mining in relational graphs (each vertex is uniquely identified), attributed (each vertex of the graph is described by numerical attributes) and dynamic (attribute values and relations between vertices may change over time). We propose a new pattern domain that has been called co-evolution patterns. These are trisets of vertices, times and signed attributes, i.e., attributes associated with a trend (increasing or decreasing). The interest of these patterns is to describe a subset of the data that has a specific behaviour and a priori interesting to conduct non-trivial analysis. For this purpose, we define two types of constraints, a constraint on the structure of the graph and a constraint on the co-evolution of the value worn by vertices attributes. To confirm the specificity of the pattern with regard to the rest of the data, we define three measures of density that tend to answer to three questions. How similar is the behaviour of the vertices outside the co-evolution pattern to the ones inside it? What is the behaviour of the pattern over time, does it appear suddenly? Does the vertices of the pattern behave similarly only on the attributes of the pattern or even outside? We propose the use of a hierarchy of attributes as an a priori knowledge of the user to obtain more general patterns and we adapt the set of constraints to the use of this hierarchy. Finally, to simplify the use of the algorithm by the user by reducing the number of thresholds to be set and to extract only all the most interesting patterns, we use the concept of ``skyline'' reintroduced recently in the domain of data mining. We propose three constraint-based algorithms, called MINTAG, H-MINTAG and Sky-H-MINTAG, that are complete to extract the set of all patterns that meet the different constraints. These algorithms are based on constraints, i.e., they use the anti-monotonicity and piecewise monotonicity/anti-monotonicity properties to prune the search space and make the computation feasible in practical contexts. To validate our method, we experiment on several sets of data (graphs) created from real-world data
36
Koch, Erwan. "Outils et modèles pour l'étude de quelques risques spatiaux et en réseaux : application aux extrêmes climatiques et à la contagion en finance." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10138/document.
Анотація:
Cette thèse s’attache à développer des outils et modèles adaptés a l’étude de certains risques spatiaux et en réseaux. Elle est divisée en cinq chapitres. Le premier consiste en une introduction générale, contenant l’état de l’art au sein duquel s’inscrivent les différents travaux, ainsi que les principaux résultats obtenus. Le Chapitre 2 propose un nouveau générateur de précipitations multi-site. Il est important de disposer de modèles capables de produire des séries de précipitations statistiquement réalistes. Alors que les modèles précédemment introduits dans la littérature concernent essentiellement les précipitations journalières, nous développons un modèle horaire. Il n’implique qu’une seule équation et introduit ainsi une dépendance entre occurrence et intensité, processus souvent considérés comme indépendants dans la littérature. Il comporte un facteur commun prenant en compte les conditions atmosphériques grande échelle et un terme de contagion auto-regressif multivarié, représentant la propagation locale des pluies. Malgré sa relative simplicité, ce modèle reproduit très bien les intensités, les durées de sècheresse ainsi que la dépendance spatiale dans le cas de la Bretagne Nord. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous proposons une méthode d’estimation des processus maxstables, basée sur des techniques de vraisemblance simulée. Les processus max-stables sont très adaptés à la modélisation statistique des extrêmes spatiaux mais leur estimation s’avère délicate. En effet, la densité multivariée n’a pas de forme explicite et les méthodes d’estimation standards liées à la vraisemblance ne peuvent donc pas être appliquées. Sous des hypothèses adéquates, notre estimateur est efficace quand le nombre d’observations temporelles et le nombre de simulations tendent vers l’infini. Cette approche par simulation peut être utilisée pour de nombreuses classes de processus max-stables et peut fournir de meilleurs résultats que les méthodes actuelles utilisant la vraisemblance composite, notamment dans le cas où seules quelques observations temporelles sont disponibles et où la dépendance spatiale est importanteThis thesis aims at developing tools and models that are relevant for the study of some spatial risks and risks in networks. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first one is a general introduction containing the state of the art related to each study as well as the main results. Chapter 2 develops a new multi-site precipitation generator. It is crucial to dispose of models able to produce statistically realistic precipitation series. Whereas previously introduced models in the literature deal with daily precipitation, we develop a hourly model. The latter involves only one equation and thus introduces dependence between occurrence and intensity; the aforementioned literature assumes that these processes are independent. Our model contains a common factor taking large scale atmospheric conditions into account and a multivariate autoregressive contagion term accounting for local propagation of rainfall. Despite its relative simplicity, this model shows an impressive ability to reproduce real intensities, lengths of dry periods as well as the spatial dependence structure. In Chapter 3, we propose an estimation method for max-stable processes, based on simulated likelihood techniques. Max-stable processes are ideally suited for the statistical modeling of spatial extremes but their inference is difficult. Indeed the multivariate density function is not available and thus standard likelihood-based estimation methods cannot be applied. Under appropriate assumptions, our estimator is efficient as both the temporal dimension and the number of simulation draws tend towards infinity. This approach by simulation can be used for many classes of max-stable processes and can provide better results than composite-based methods, especially in the case where only a few temporal observations are available and the spatial dependence is high
37
Acuña, Rogelio Grau. "On qualitative properties of generalized ODEs." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-26102016-090644/.
Анотація:
In this work, our goal is to prove results on prolongation of solutions, uniform boundedness of solutions, uniform stability as well uniform asymptotic stability (in the classical sense of Lyapunov) for measure differential equations and for dynamic equations on time scales. In order to get our results, we employ the theory of generalized ODEs, since these equations encompass measure differential equations and dynamic equations on time scales. Therefore, to get our results, we start by proving the expected result for abstract generalized ODEs. Then, using the correspondence between the solutions of these equations and the solutions of measure differential equations (see [38]), we extend all the results to these the latter. After that, using the correspondence between the solutions of measure differential equations and the solutions of dynamic equations on time scales (see [21]), we extend all the results to these last equations. Finally, we investigate autonomous generalized ODEs and show that these equations do not enlarge the class of classical autonomous ODEs, even when we consider a more general class of functions as right-hand sides. All the new results presented in this work are contained in papers [16, 17, 18, 19].Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo e provar resultados sobre prolongamento de soluções, limitação uniforme de soluções, estabilidade uniforme e estabilidade uniforme assintótica (no sentido clássico de Lyapunov) para equações diferenciais em medida e para equações dinâmicas em escalas temporais. A fim de obter os nossos resultados, empregamos a teoria de EDOs generalizadas, uma vez que estas equações abrangem equações diferenciais em medida e equações dinâmicas em escalas temporais. Portanto, para obter nossos resultados, vamos começar por provar, os resultados que queremos para EDOs generalizadas abstratas. Em seguida, usando a correspondência entre as soluções de EDOs generalizadas e soluções de equações diferenciais em medida (ver [38]), estenderemos os resultados para estas ultimas equações. Depois disso, usando a correspondência entre as soluções de equações diferenciais em medida e as soluções de equações dinâmicas em escalas temporais (ver [21]), estenderemos todos os resultados para estas ultimas equações. Finalmente, investigamos EDOs generalizadas autônomas e mostramos que estas equações não aumentam a classe de EDOs autônomas clássicas, mesmo quando consideramos uma classe mais geral de funções nos lados direitos das equações. Os novos resultados encontrados estão contidos em [16, 17, 18, 19].
38
Fakhfakh, Nizar. "Détection et localisation tridimensionnelle par stéréovision d’objets en mouvement dans des environnements complexes : application aux passages à niveau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0005/document.
Анотація:
La sécurité des personnes et des équipements est un élément capital dans le domaine des transports routiers et ferroviaires. Depuis quelques années, les Passages à Niveau (PN) ont fait l’objet de davantage d'attention afin d'accroître la sécurité des usagers sur cette portion route/rail considérée comme dangereuse. Nous proposons dans cette thèse un système de vision stéréoscopique pour la détection automatique des situations dangereuses. Un tel système permet la détection et la localisation d'obstacles sur ou autour du PN. Le système de vision proposé est composé de deux caméras supervisant la zone de croisement. Nous avons développé des algorithmes permettant à la fois la détection d'objets, tels que des piétons ou des véhicules, et la localisation 3D de ces derniers. L'algorithme de détection d'obstacles se base sur l'Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes et la propagation de croyance spatio-temporelle. L'algorithme de localisation tridimensionnelle exploite les avantages des méthodes locales et globales, et est composé de trois étapes : la première consiste à estimer une carte de disparité à partir d'une fonction de vraisemblance basée sur les méthodes locales. La deuxième étape permet d'identifier les pixels bien mis en correspondance ayant des mesures de confiances élevées. Ce sous-ensemble de pixels est le point de départ de la troisième étape qui consiste à ré-estimer les disparités du reste des pixels par propagation de croyance sélective. Le mouvement est introduit comme une contrainte dans l'algorithme de localisation 3D permettant l'amélioration de la précision de localisation et l'accélération du temps de traitementWithin the past years, railways undertakings became interested in the assessment of Level Crossings (LC) safety. We propose in this thesis an Automatic Video-Surveillance system (AVS) at LC for an automatic detection of specific events. The system allows automatically detecting and 3D localizing the presence of one or more obstacles which are motionless at the level crossing. Our research aims at developing an AVS using the passive stereo vision principles. The proposed imaging system uses two cameras to detect and localize any kind of object lying on a railway level crossing. The cameras are placed so that the dangerous zones are well (fully) monitored. The system supervises and estimates automatically the critical situations by detecting objects in the hazardous zone defined as the crossing zone of a railway line by a road or path. The AVS system is used to monitor dynamic scenes where interactions take place among objects of interest (people or vehicles). After a classical image grabbing and digitizing step, the processing is composed of the two following modules: moving and stationary objects detection and 3-D localization. The developed stereo matching algorithm stems from an inference principle based on belief propagation and energy minimization. It takes into account the advantages of local methods for reducing the complexity of the inference step achieved by the belief propagation technique which leads to an improvement in the quality of results. The motion detection module is considered as a constraint which allows improving and speeding up the 3D localization algorithm
39
Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Анотація:
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
40
Cheng, Shang-tse, and 程尚則. "The implementation of the obligation to protect the expression freedom in considering the necessity of undertaking certain temporary law-enforcing measures." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54861465255539198345.
Анотація:
碩士世新大學
法律學研究所(含碩專班)
95
Human rights are always protected by the state in law making or regulation in the case. The function of expression freedom is to find oneself、search common opinions and watch out for the government .Public servants should pay much attention to the position of specific norm in the whole law world when they decided the necessity of undertaking certain temporary law-enforcing measures in order to avoid of making chilling-effect. In civil, courts have to prevent undue pre-restrain and after-punishment when they face temporary injunction petitions. In criminal, newsroom search with warrant having sufficient information to provide crime evidence insides is permitted, and the obscene speech will not be unknowable forever due to the occupation. In administration, the administration organs can take immediate measures to the symbolic speech not being tolerated by public is permissible, and the petitions to prevent enforcement of administration order to restrict commercial speech and access to broadcasting resources ought to be allowable when no one can make sure whether the loss will be covered or not.
41
Picado, Sara Raquel dos Santos Maurício. "A intervenção com crianças em risco num centro de acolhimento temporário e a intervenção precoce: que relação?" Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/9094.
Анотація:
O presente estudo propõe-se analisar o que fundamenta a tomada de decisão dos profissionais de um Centro de Acolhimento Temporário relativamente aos projectos de vida de crianças dos zero aos seis anos aí institucionalizadas, e em relação às medidas de promoção e protecção propostas. Procura também perceber as facilidades e os constrangimentos que podem existir na implementação de um programa de intervenção precoce num Centro de Acolhimento Temporário.
O interesse em realizar este estudo surgiu da necessidade de aprofundar e investigar a ligação entre as práticas observadas em Centros de Acolhimento Temporários e as práticas defendidas em intervenção precoce.
Participam nesta investigação seis técnicas trabalhadoras num Centro de Acolhimento Temporário cujas funções são as seguintes: uma Directora Técnica, uma Psicóloga, uma Técnica de Serviço Social, uma Educadora de Infância e duas Educadoras Sociais.
Assim, a recolha de dados incidirá sobre a aplicação de entrevistas e questionários às profissionais anteriormente referidas, para que através dos seus testemunhos sejam analisadas as suas práticas e a importância que a intervenção precoce assume nas suas decisões face aos projectos de vida das crianças que têm a seu cargo. Também se apresentam dois estudos de caso, com problemáticas e com aplicação de medidas de promoção e protecção diferentes, que mostram que procedimentos são adoptados desde a sua admissão na Instituição.
Na concretização deste trabalho também foi fundamental o enquadramento teórico, para que se pudesse ampliar os conhecimentos acerca do tema e, desta forma, realizar-se as respectivas análises dos dados recolhidos.
Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que as profissionais têm algumas práticas semelhantes às defendidas em intervenção precoce, demonstrando que desenvolvem um trabalho tendo em conta a teoria sistémica, trabalhando com a família e com os recursos da comunidade, oferecendo-lhes diversas experiências, sabendo-se que as crianças são parte integrante de diferentes cenários imediatos e contextos mais alargados onde vivem e se desenvolvem.The present study proposes to analyze the decision process of the professionals that work in a Temporary Shelter Center based on projects of childrens life under six years there institutionalized and in the relation of the promotion and protection measures proposed. It also seeks to understand the facilities and constraints that might exist in the implementation of an early intervention program on Temporary Shelter Center. The interest in conducting this study start from the need to deepen and investigate the link between the practices observed in Temporary Shelter Centers and practices advocated in early intervention. In this investigation participate six technicians employed in Temporary Shelter whose functions are as follows: a Technical Director, a psychologist, a Technique of Social Service, a kindergarten teacher and two Social Educators. The data collection will focus on the implementation of interviews and questionnaires to professionals mentioned above so that through their testimonies we be able to analyze the practical importance that early intervention takes in decisions related to projects of life of those children. It also presents two case studies showing what procedures were adopted since its admission to the institution and the different implementation of measures to promote and protect that were used since they are in the Temporaty Shelter Center. To achieve this work there was a fundamental need to create a theoretical background so that it was possible to enlarge the knowledge about this theme and in this way to be able to make the data analysis. The results of this study revealed that the professionals have some similar practices to those advocated early intervention, demonstrating that develop work taking into account the systemic theory, working with family and community resources, offering them diverse experiences, knowing that children are part of different scenarios immediate and wider contexts in which they live and develop.
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"Multi-Variate Time Series Similarity Measures and Their Robustness Against Temporal Asynchrony." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36436.
Анотація:
abstract: The amount of time series data generated is increasing due to the integration of sensor technologies with everyday applications, such as gesture recognition, energy optimization, health care, video surveillance. The use of multiple sensors simultaneously
for capturing different aspects of the real world attributes has also led to an increase in dimensionality from uni-variate to multi-variate time series. This has facilitated richer data representation but also has necessitated algorithms determining similarity between two multi-variate time series for search and analysis.
Various algorithms have been extended from uni-variate to multi-variate case, such as multi-variate versions of Euclidean distance, edit distance, dynamic time warping. However, it has not been studied how these algorithms account for asynchronous in time series. Human gestures, for example, exhibit asynchrony in their patterns as different subjects perform the same gesture with varying movements in their patterns at different speeds. In this thesis, we propose several algorithms (some of which also leverage metadata describing the relationships among the variates). In particular, we present several techniques that leverage the contextual relationships among the variates when measuring multi-variate time series similarities. Based on the way correlation is leveraged, various weighing mechanisms have been proposed that determine the importance of a dimension for discriminating between the time series as giving the same weight to each dimension can led to misclassification. We next study the robustness of the considered techniques against different temporal asynchronies, including shifts and stretching.
Exhaustive experiments were carried on datasets with multiple types and amounts of temporal asynchronies. It has been observed that accuracy of algorithms that rely on data to discover variate relationships can be low under the presence of temporal asynchrony, whereas in case of algorithms that rely on external metadata, robustness against asynchronous distortions tends to be stronger. Specifically, algorithms using external metadata have better classification accuracy and cluster separation than existing state-of-the-art work, such as EROS, PCA, and naive dynamic time warping.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2015
43
Santos, Ana Beatriz Pinto Vaz Fernandes dos. "O impacto fiscal do lay off simplificado em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24810.
Анотація:
A 11 de marco de 2020, foi decretada pela OMS a existência de uma pandemia mundial,
originada pelo novo coronavírus, que “obrigou” o poder político a criar diversas medidas, de
forma rápida e eficaz, para enfrentar esta nova realidade e com o propósito de apaziguar o
impacto devastador desta situação análoga.
Neste sentido, foram implementadas medidas a vários níveis, importando para a presente
dissertação as criadas para apoiar as empresas e os seus trabalhadores, tentando desta forma
mitigar os efeitos da crise empresarial e ainda as modificações ao nível fiscal.
No primeiro caso, para realização do apoio supra mencionado, foi criado o lay off
simplificado que se traduz no regime do lay off já existente e previsto no Código de trabalho,
que apesar da agilização não deixa de o ser. Tem, no entanto, determinadas caraterísticas
próprias, nomeadamente ao nível do procedimento tornando-o mais célere e simples, pelo
menos esta era a intenção.
No segundo caso, as modificações fiscais realizaram-se em vários pontos desta matéria,
importando para a dissertação e, tendo em conta o tema desta, dar enfase à parte dos impostos,
tentando assim perceber os seus benefícios ou não para os intervenientes.
A conjugação destas duas medidas vai permitir averiguar quais os impactos fiscais da
implementação do lay off simplificado para os trabalhadores, para as empresas e também para
o Estado, em concreto para Segurança Social e, ainda, se este regime é tão generoso como
aparenta ser.On March 11th 2020, the OMS declared the existence of a global pandemic, originated by the new coronavirus, which "forced" the Government to create several measures, quickly and effectively, to face this new reality and with the purpose of pacifying the devastating impact of this analogous situation. In this sense, measures were implemented at various levels, importing for this dissertation those created to support companies and their workers, thus trying to mitigate the effects of the business crisis and also the changes at the fiscal level. In the first case, in order to carry out the above-mentioned support, a simplified lay off was created which is reflected in the existing lay off regime provided in the Labour Code, which, despite the streamline, doesn’t stop of being so. It has, however, certain characteristics of its own, in particular at the level of the procedure making it faster and simpler, at least this was the government's intention. In the second case, the tax changes took place at many points in this matter, importing for the dissertation and, taking into account its subject, emphasizing the tax part, trying to understand its benefits or not for the interveners. The combination of these two measures will allow us to determine the fiscal impacts on the implementation of the simplified lay off for workers, for companies and also for the State, specifically for Social Security, and also whether this regime is as generous as it appears to be.
44
(9721622), Wei Siong Neo. "Covariation and Synchronicity of Sustained Attention Measures in Infancy." Thesis, 2020.
Анотація:
Sustained attention, the ability to direct and maintain attentional focus on tasks and stimuli, emerges during infancy and undergoes rapid development throughout early childhood. Abnormal patterns of sustained attention are implicated in several childhood psychological disorders. Improving our measurement of infant sustained attention may clarify how child psychopathology develops and inform targeted prevention and early intervention efforts. While several behavioral and psychophysiological measures index infant sustained attention, previous studies have employed these measures in isolation, focused on analyses at short timescales of milliseconds to a few seconds, and examined synchronous associations among these measures. Therefore, the associations and temporal relationships across multiple, concurrent behavioral and psychophysiological measures of infant sustained attention remain unclear, particularly at long timescales. The present study assessed sustained attention in 12-month-old infants using behavioral (looking), cardiac (heart rate), and neural (theta and alpha oscillations) measures to investigate two temporal aspects of infant sustained attention. First, we examined whether associations among infant sustained attention measures were similar or different across short (1-second) and long (10-second) timescales. Covariation analyses indicated largely similar association patterns among these measures across the two timescales. Second, we evaluated whether specific infant sustained attention measures temporally preceded other measures. Cross-correlation analyses broadly revealed that short-timescale measures exhibited asynchronous temporal relationships, such that looking behaviors preceded neural oscillations that in turn preceded cardiac responses. Our findings highlight the value of considering the temporal dimension when studying and measuring infant sustained attention. Additional multimodal research may yield greater insights into dynamic biobehavioral processes that underlie infant sustained attention and enhance clinical interventions aimed at promoting optimal outcomes for young children with abnormalities in sustained attention.
45
Zakout, Wael M. "Modeling spatio-temporal databases to measure the performance of the GPS satellite constellation." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31514043.html.
46
Huang, Ying-Zhang, and 黃盈彰. "Spectro-Temporal Modulations Based Objective Mandarin Speech Intelligibility Measure for Hearing-Impaired Patients." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yp73b8.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
104
In order to verify the performance of algorithms developed for hearing aids, we developed a measure that predicts the Mandarin speech intelligibility of the hearing impaired people. We constructed a model that simulates the cochlear of the hearing impaired to fit different patients. This model solves threshold elevation, loudness recruitment, and reduced frequency selectivity of hearing impaired. In order to predict speech intelligibility, many studies utilized the modulation spectral signal representation, which is obtained by an auditory-inspired filterbank analysis of the speech signal. In this study, a joint spectro-temporal auditory model was utilized to assess speech quality objectively. In this auditory model, the first stage is to simulate cochlear function of the spectrum estimation. The second stage is to simulate cortical function of the multi-dimensional spectrum analysis. In order to consider effecting speech intelligibility due to reduced frequency selectivity of hearing impaired, we developed a spectro-temporal modulations based non-intrusive intelligibility measure through referring to the construction of SRMR proposed by Tiago H. Falk. SRMR is a temporal modulation envelope based intelligibility measure. To validate our proposed measure, the performance of the proposed measure is compared to the SRMR intelligibility measurement algorithms under several noisy conditions. We can utilize the proposed measure to assess the performance of speech enhancement algorithms, and develop a speech enhancement algorithm in the future.
47
Bardall, Gabrielle Simon. "Voices, votes and violence : essays on select dynamics of electoral authoritarian regimes." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18513.
Анотація:
« Voix, vote et violence : Essais sur les dynamiques des régimes autoritaires électoraux » porte sur l'expression des voix généralement exclues sous des régimes autoritaires électoraux (« AE »), depuis les défis des processus institutionnalisés (en particulier les élections et la démocratie) jusqu’aux rationalisations des comportements extra-institutionnels (notamment la violence politique).
Les essais sont présentés en deux parties. Les deux essais de la partie I ont trait aux cadres analytiques d’étude des comportements des partis au pouvoir et des oppositions dans les régimes semi-autoritaires. Les trois essais de la partie II examinent un sous-domaine spécifique de ces régimes : la participation politique des femmes. Chaque chapitre propose des découvertes comme résumé ci-dessous.
Le chapitre 1 explore les défis méthodologiques dans l'étude des régimes semi-autoritaires (comme AE) en analysant de manière critique un cadre d’analyse important dans le domaine. Une réplication indépendante du modèle de classification de l'autoritarisme compétitif (« AC ») de Levistky et Way (2010) révèle des anomalies de codification dans la sélection des cas qui influent sur la théorie générale des régimes AC et qui ont des implications méthodologiques pour l'étude comparative des régimes hybrides en général.
Le chapitre 2 examine le comportement des partis de l'opposition sous des régimes AE. Je fais l'hypothèse que les objectifs électoraux et les objectifs de régime des oppositions dans les EA (les « jeux parallèles ») s’alignent dans des conditions où il existe une certitude relative concernant les résultats, mais divergent lorsque l’incertitude des résultats de régime ou des élections est plus importante, ce qui entraine quatre types de comportement identifiables. Je teste mes hypothèses sur 55 élections dans 29 États d'Afrique sub-saharienne et je démontre que les quatre types de comportement dépendent du degré de répression de l'État et du niveau de capacité organisationnelle des oppositions.
Le chapitre 3 révèle et définit la nature sexuée de la violence électorale (une caractéristique commune des régimes AE). Une base de données originale de plus de 2 000 incidents de violence électorale dans six pays, ainsi qu’un travail de terrain dans plus de cinquante pays révèlent l'existence d'importantes distinctions dans la manifestation de la violence électorale, ainsi que la présence d'un phénomène auparavant non reconnu, la violence électorale basée sur le genre (« VEBG »). Le chapitre présente les définitions, une taxonomie et la typologie des deux formes de violence.
Le chapitre 4 se penche en profondeur sur le sujet, en examinant la relation complexe entre les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et la VEBG. Les notions de la violence électorale différenciée selon le genre ainsi que la VEBG sont étendues à la violence politique en général. Je démontre que les TIC facilitent les formes sexuées de la violence politique, mais qu’elles contribuent également à résister et atténuer ces violences, grâce à certaines qualités spécifiques aux TIC.
Le dernier chapitre fournit la solution à une énigme de longue date dans l'exclusion politique dans les régimes AE (et autres) en démontrant la complémentarité des formes spécifiques de mesures temporaires spéciales (MTS) dans les systèmes électoraux fondés sur des circonscriptions uninominales (CU). Le chapitre présente une classification en cinq parties des options MTS dans les CU, y compris une interprétation originale des « seuils parallèles ». L'analyse des cinq types de MTS à travers des études de cas de pays illustre que les divergences dans l'adoption de quotas entre les systèmes électoraux sont le résultat d'un manque de connaissances plutôt que des traits intrinsèques des systèmes électoraux, comme supposé précédemment.“Voices, Votes and Violence: Essays on Select Dynamics of Electoral Authoritarian Regimes” concerns the expression of commonly excluded voices under electoral authoritarian (EA) regimes, from the challenges of institutionalized processes (specifically, elections and voting) to rationalizations for extra-institutional behaviors (notably political violence). The essays are presented in two parts. The first two essays in Part I concern frameworks for studying incumbent and opposition behaviors in semi-authoritarian states. The three essays in Part II examine a specific sub-field of EA regime dynamics: political participation of women. Each chapter provides findings as summarized below. Chapter 1 explores methodological challenges in studying semi-authoritarian regimes (such as EA) by critically engaging with a leading framework of analysis in the field. An independent replication of Levistky and Way’s 2010 classification model of competitive authoritarianism (CA) reveals coding discrepancies in the authors’ case selection which impact the broader theory of CA regimes and have methodological implications for the comparative study of hybrid regimes in general. Chapter 2 examines opposition party behavior under EA regimes. I hypothesize that EA oppositions’ electoral and regime objectives (“dual games”) align under conditions where there is relative certainty of outcomes but diverge where either regime or electoral uncertainty is greater, resulting in four identifiable behavior types. Testing the theory on 55 elections in 29 sub-Saharan African states, I demonstrate that the four behavior types are functions of the degree of state repression and the level of organizational capacity of the opposition. Chapter 3 reveals and defines the gendered nature of electoral violence (a common feature of EA regimes). An original database of over 2000 incidents of election violence in six countries as well as fieldwork from over fifty countries reveal the existence of significant gender-differentiation in the manifestation of election violence as well as the presence of a previously unrecognized phenomenon, gender-based election violence (GBEV). The chapter introduces definitions, a taxonomy and typology of both forms of violence. Chapter 4 delves deeper into the topic by examining the complex relationship between information and communication technologies and gendered election violence. The notions of gender-differentiated and gender-motivated violence are extended to political violence in this chapter. Information and communication technologies are found to both facilitate gendered forms of political violence as well as empower resistance and violence mitigation. The final chapter provides the solution to a longstanding puzzle of political exclusion in EA (and other) regimes by demonstrating the complementarity of specific forms of temporary special measures (TSMs) in electoral systems based on single-member districts (SMDs). The chapter presents a five-part classification of TSM options in SMDs, including an original interpretation of “Alternate Thresholds”. Analyzing the five TSM types through country case studies, Chapter 5 illustrated that discrepancies in the adoption of quotas between electoral systems are the result a knowledge gap rather than intrinsic traits of electoral systems, as previously assumed.
48
Kuo, Su-Ching, and 郭素卿. "Temporal and Spatial Variations in Aerosol Acidity and Measured Water Content in the Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92680647178135745071.
Анотація:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程衛生系碩士班
91
The chemical composition, water content, and acidity of atmospheric PM2.5 aerosols in a Tainan urban and coastal area were evaluated in January (winter) and April (spring) of 2002. Controlling relative humidity (RH) at 40±5 %, it was found that NH4+, SO4-2 and NO3- were the dominant water-soluble ionic species in both winter and spring. These accounted for an average 44.6% and 36.1% of PM2.5 mass at the urban site in winter and spring, respectively, and 44.6% and 38% at the coastal site, demonstrating that secondary aerosols were a larger part of the PM2.5 mass in winter at both sites. The average neutralization ratio (NR) value of PM2.5 in the Tainan urban area was neutral (NR is 1.0±0.2) in winter, and alkaline (NR is 2.5±0.4) in spring. The average value in the Tainan coastal area was likewise neutral in winter and alkaline in spring. The reason for this is that Tainan coastal areas are primarily agricultural and aquafarm areas with high-density cultivation and high aeration, and hence high levels of ammonium nitrate and total nitrogen, and aquatic animal wastes. It was found that a SOR (sulfur oxidation ratio) value of >0.4 and a NOR ( nitrogen oxidation ratio) value of >0.15 represented a relatively strong photochemical reaction, low relative humidity, and high O3 concentration. Additionally, strong wind speeds led to a high SOR value, but weak wind speeds led to a high NOR value. This demonstrates that the gaseous S species (SO2) that form sulfate aerosols are transported from far away, whereas the N species that form gaseous NO2 and subsequently NO3- are of local origin (due to local traffic pollution emissions). This study also succeeded in establishing DRIFT spectra for calibration of aerosol functional group loading and a quick, nondestructive method to determine NH4+, SO4-2 and NO3- content in PM2.5 aerosols. The DRIFT spectrum showed SO4-2 absorptive wavelength changes followed by SO3-2 changes, and indirectly proves that SO2 converts to SO3-2, which then converts to SO4-2. It also shows that the main associated types of secondary aerosols in southern Taiwan are (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 and NH4Cl. The water content (mass concentration) of atmospheric PM2.5 aerosols controlled at RH 60±2% was 31.3±8.4% and 38.0±7.2% at the coastal site in the daytime and nighttime, respectively, and 25.76±16.9% and 24.3±21.5% at the urban site. The water content was clearly higher in the coastal area in both winter and spring. Apart from urban winter, when daytime water content was slightly higher than nighttime, nighttime values were higher than daytime. Controlling RH at 60±2%, the measured water content was clearly higher than and different from values calculated using the water ascending model (Lee et al., 1998). It may be that the water absorptive properties of soluble organic carbons in aerosols are not taken into consideration in this model.
49
Guerreiro, Gabriel Correia. "O Mercado de Bitcoins/USD. Caracterização Estatística e Inter-Relação Temporal." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82472.
Анотація:
Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaThe main objective of this project is to analyze the exchange rates bitcoins/USD offered by several exchange houses. This analysis is performed through the description of the statistical properties of several time series and through the study of their inter-relationships. It was considered the use of feedback measures to infer the direction of the information flow between the markets. The database is composed by four exchange houses that together form a market share of about 60% of the overall bitcoins/USD market, for the period 11/15/2013 to 9/15/2016. For the three main exchange houses, Bitfinex, Bitstamp and BTC-e, about between 82% and 97% of the transmission of information takes place in the first two hours, after this interval the largest part of the information seems to be transmitted from the most relevant market in terms of transaction volume. The Itbit, while smaller exchange house and therefore less representative, has a purely marginal role in this information process. Although it can’t be verified empirically a linear relationship between the transmission of information and the volatility or volume of transaction, it can be concluded that the Bitfinex, the leader exchange house, with a market share of 43.63%, is also the one with the most important role in terms of price discovery in the bitcoins/USD market. The choice of this exchange house leader as a source of information may become a comparative advantage to the investor that wants to take positions in this market.
O principal objetivo deste trabalho de projeto é analisar as taxas de câmbio bitcoins /USD oferecidas por diversas casas de câmbio. Esta análise é realizada através da descrição das propriedades estatísticas de várias séries temporais e através do estudo das suas inter-relações. Foi considerado o recurso a medidas de feedback com o intuito de inferir qual o sentido do fluxo de informação entre os mercados. A base de dados é composta por quatro casas de câmbio que, no seu conjunto, formam uma quota de cerca de 60% do mercado total bitcoins/USD, para o período de 15/11/2013 a 15/09/2016. Para as três principais casas de câmbio, Bitfinex, Bitstamp e BTC-e, cerca de 82% a 97% da transmissão de informação ocorre logo nas primeiras duas horas, após esse intervalo de tempo a maior parte da informação parece ser transmitida pelo mercado mais relevante em termos de volume de transação. A Itbit, enquanto casa de câmbio de menor dimensão e, portanto, menos representativa, tem um papel meramente marginal no processo de transmissão de informação. Apesar de não se verificar empiricamente uma relação linear entre a transmissão de informação e a volatilidade ou o volume de transação, pode concluir-se que a Bitfinex, a casa de câmbio líder, com uma quota de mercado de 43,63%, é também aquela com o papel mais importante na descoberta do preço bitcoins/USD. A escolha desta casa de câmbio líder como fonte de informação pode efetivamente trazer vantagens comparativas para os investidores que queiram posicionar-se neste mercado.
50
Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie. "Labour Migration Program Declared a "Modern Form of Slavery" under Constitutional Review : Employer-Tying Measure's Impact vs Mythical "Harm Reduction" Policies." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22564.