Дисертації з теми "Temporal relationship"
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1
Dickson, Kelsey S. "THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP AMONG MATERNAL MOOD DISTURBANCE AND ADOLESCENT EXTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1327936943.
2
Han, Biao. "Predictive coding : its spike-time based neuronal implementation and its relationship with perception and oscillations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30029/document.
Анотація:
Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié le codage prédictif and sa relation avec la perception et les oscillations. Nous avons, dans l'introduction, fait une revue des connaissances sur les neurones et le néocortex et un état de l'art du codage prédictif. Dans les chapitres principaux, nous avons tout d'abord, proposé l'idée, au travers d'une étude théorique, que la temporalité de la décharge crée une inhibition sélective dans les réseaux excitateurs non-sélectifs rétroactifs. Ensuite, nous avons montré les effets perceptuels du codage prédictif: la perception de la forme améliore la perception du contraste. Enfin, nous avons montré que le codage prédictif peut utiliser des oscillations dans différentes bandes de fréquences pour transmettre les informations en avant et en rétroaction. Cette thèse a fourni un mécanisme neuronal viable et innovant pour le codage prédictif soutenu par des données empiriques démontrant des prédictions rétroactives excitatrices et une relation forte entre codage prédictif et oscillationsIn this thesis, we investigated predictive coding and its relationship with perception and oscillations. We first reviewed my current understanding about facts of neuron and neocortex and state-of-the-arts of predictive coding in the introduction. In the main chapters, firstly, we proposed the idea that correlated spike times create selective inhibition in a nonselective excitatory feedback network in a theoretical study. Then, we showed the perceptual effect of predictive coding: shape perception enhances perceived contrast. At last, we showed that predictive coding can use oscillations with different frequencies for feedforward and feedback. This thesis provided an innovative and viable neuronal mechanism for predictive coding and empirical evidence for excitatory predictive feedback and the close relationship between the predictive coding and oscillations
3
Matt, Georgia Lee. "The Temporal Relationship Between Environmental Factors and Psychological Symptoms in Native American Adolescents." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6130.
Анотація:
Native American youth often experience high rates of environmental risk factors that may put them at increased risk for developing psychological problems, yet research within this high-risk population is severely limited.
The present study was designed to provide information on the rate of psychological symptoms in a sample of Native American youth, and evaluate the impact of environmental factors (risk, protective, and cultural) on psychological disorder symptoms over time. Data were collected with a sample of Native American youth using the Youth Self Report, the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-Adolescent 2, and a researcher-designed Biodemographic Questionnaire.
Findings indicate that clinically significant levels of depression and anxiety from the Native American adolescent sample were similar to levels found in the general population of adolescents, while clinically significant levels of conduct disorder and substance use disorders were higher than rates found in the general population. Findings with respect to the impact of environmental factors indicate that higher scores on the overall risk index were associated with higher levels of all four psychological disorder symptom scales. However, high scores on the protective index were associated with lower levels of depression and conduct disorder symptoms but unrelated to anxiety and substance use. The overall cultural index was unrelated to all four psychological symptom scales. When subscales were examined, only the risk subscales were related to psychological disorder symptoms.
Results from the longitudinal analysis indicated that the risk, protective, and cultural index scores at Time 1, as a group, were predictive of anxiety, conduct disorder, and substance symptoms at Time 2, but unrelated to Time 2 depression scores. However, individually, the three index scores were generally not predictive of psychological symptoms with the exception of a positive association between Time 1 risk index scores and substance symptoms at a later date.
4
Fischer, Mark. "The relationship between working memory and long-term memory in temporal lobe epilepsy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562673848752664.
5
Bartz, Brent. "The relationship between God and time is divine eternity atemporal or temporal? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
6
Allely, Clare Sarah. "Real versus psychological time : exploring the relationship between temporal and information processing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/real-versus-psychological-time-exploring-the-relationship-between-temporal-and-information-processing(14ac0f84-0350-409e-94b0-38b401f1454f).html.
Анотація:
The primary investigation of this thesis was the relationship between information processing and the internal clock. Clicks trains have previously been found to increase internal clock rate and information processing (Jones, Allely & Wearden, 2010). Chapter 1 examines the existing literature on the internal clock and information processing. Chapter 2 reviews possible mechanisms underlying the effect of clicks and Chapter 3 outlines the research strategy and aims. Chapter 4 investigates the behavioural parallels between internal clock speed and information processing. Chapter 5 explores the parametrics of clicks using a 1, 2 and 4 choice reaction time (RT) task (Experiment 1a, b & c). Overall, RT was reduced on trials preceded by clicks compared to no-clicks and we found that this advantage of clicks can persist for up to 10s. Chapter 6 investigates whether any prestimulus event (in this case white noise) would have the same effect as clicks in tasks of verbal estimation (VE), RT and mental arithmetic (Experiment 2a, b & c). White noise was found to have no effect on either information processing or internal clock speed, which strengthens the idea that the clicks effect is mediated by its influence on the speed of the internal clock. Chapter 7 explores whether processing the clicks as opposed to passively experiencing them would change their effect on a 1, 2 and 4 choice RT and VE task (Experiment 3a & b). Both experiments included two experimental groups (Ask & Don't Ask). In the Ask group, participants had to actively process the clicks by reporting whether there had been a shift in pitch in the clicks. In the Don't Ask they were never asked this. Experiment 3a found longer RTs across all conditions in the Ask group compared to the Don't Ask group suggesting that this processing manipulation had an effect on information processing. Experiment 3b explores the same change to the stimuli in a VE task and found that the click processing manipulation had no detrimental effect on the typical effect produced clicks. Both click types increased verbal estimates of duration in both the Ask and Don't Ask groups. Greater overestimation was found with the clicks compared to the click-change condition. So the processing manipulation had an effect on information processing while leaving the internal clock spared, weakening the idea of a link between the two processes. Frequency and duration of the clicks were manipulated in Experiment 4a and b (Chapter 8) in tasks of RT and VE. Experiment 4a demonstrated no significant effect of frequency on RT. In Experiment 4b, the main findings highlighted the importance click duration not frequency. Experiment 5 (Chapter 9) addresses the question of whether participants have a simultaneous lengthening of subjective duration as well as an increase in information processing by investigating the effect of clicks on memory recall and time estimation of the same stimuli. Overall, clicks enabled participants to correctly recall more letters as well as increasing participants' verbal estimates. Experiment 6 (Chapter 10) used clicks to change the rate of memory decay using a 3, 5 and 8 s delay. Clicks increased the rate of memory decay for the 3 and 5 s delay duration only. In order to explore whether the effect of clicks is due to arousal, Chapter 11 replaced clicks with arousing visual (Experiment 7a) and auditory stimuli (Experiment 7b) in a VE task. There was no relationship between arousal and time estimation. Experiment 8 (Chapter 12) explores whether estimating the duration of emotionally arousing auditory stimuli themselves has an effect on the internal clock. No relationship between arousal and time estimation was evident. Experiment 9 (Chapter 13) explores electrophysiological arousal in a VE task. While there was a behavioural effect of clicks, they did not alter physiological arousal. These findings have major implications for the common notion that arousal mediates the effect of clicks.
7
Pope, R. A. "Neurosurgery for temporal lobe epilepsy : psychiatric outcome and relationship to cognitive function." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1437010/.
Анотація:
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures arising from temporal lobe structures. Medical treatment is effective for the majority but for the remainder, seizure control remains difficult to achieve. Epilepsy surgery, however, has proved an effective treatment. Following TLE surgery psychiatric symptoms can develop for the first time (de novo), and pre-existing symptoms may worsen; having a detrimental impact on patients’ quality of life. Yet, research data on psychiatric complications following TLE surgery is limited, in sharp contrast to the continuing emphasis on neuropsychological and neurological sequelae. The central aims of this thesis were to increase our understanding of the psychiatric status of patients with intractable TLE pre- and postoperatively, and to identify risk factors associated with poorer postoperative outcomes. This thesis is divided into 2 main sections. Section 1 (Chapters 1-5) provide a literature review that demonstrates pre- and postoperative psychopathology in TLE is common, unrecognised, and under-treated. Emerging evidence suggests that pre-surgical psychiatric morbidity is associated with more widespread cerebral pathology, but striking, is the lack of attention to its relationship to cognitive variables. The central hypothesis formulated and explored here is that TLE patients with less localised cerebral dysfunction, as supported by electrophysiological, neuro-radiological and cognitive indicators will be at risk for psychiatric disturbance preoperatively and have poorer outcomes following TLE surgery. Section 2 consists of 5 interlinked studies incorporating retrospective and prospective methodologies. In Study 1 (Chapter 7), the medical records of 280 TLE surgical cases were reviewed, and more than a third presented with significant psychiatric morbidity within 4 years following surgery. Fifty-one patients (18%) developed de novo psychopathology, half within 6 months of surgery and for the majority, persisted for more than 6 months. A preoperative history of secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizures (SGTCS) was an independent predictor of de novo psychopathology, but cognitive variables were not. Patients with a history of SGTCS and those with a preoperative psychiatric diagnosis were significantly less likely to remain seizure free. Using voxel based morphometry (VBM), Study 2 (Chapter 8) explored the preoperative neural correlates of de novo depression in a sub-group of patients (n=43) presented in Study 1. Grey matter (GM) reductions in the orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), ipsilateral cingulate gyrus and ipsilateral thalamus were associated with the development of de novo depression within 4 years postoperatively. In Study 3 (Chapter 9), a sub-group of patients from Study 1, with a diagnosis of post-ictal psychosis (TLE+PIP), were compared to age-matched TLE patients without any psychiatric history (TLE-only; n=60), with respect to pre-surgical clinical and cognitive variables. TLE+PIP patients were significantly less likely to have localised ictal epileptiform activity and more likely to have a positive family psychiatric history than TLE controls. Other clinical and cognitive variables did not distinguish between the groups. Patients with two or more PIP episodes had significantly increased odds of developing de novo psychopathology within 4 years of surgery, after controlling for comorbid pre-surgical psychiatric status and a history of SGTCS. A history of PIP was not a predictor of seizure status or cognitive outcome. Study 4 (Chapter 11) investigated the relationship between executive function and concurrent depression in TLE patients undergoing surgical evaluation. Depressed mood in TLE patients was associated with clinical, cognitive and behavioural indicators of more diffuse cerebral dysfunction. Using multilevel modelling, Study 5 (Chapter 12) provides clinically relevant data confirming that psychiatric disturbance is a significant complication following TLE surgery, and is predicted by the presence of pre-surgical executive dysfunction. The final chapter provides an overall summary of the findings, their implications, methodological limitations and directions for future research. It is argued that these studies have provided clinically relevant data that will aid the surgical decision-making process, and hopefully guide and improve post-surgical care and support.
8
Benoit, Julie. "Temporal relationship between ERG components and lateral geniculate unit activity in the rabbit." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59297.
Анотація:
The purpose of our study was to examine if there is an ERG component (a-wave, b-wave, or OPs) that could be used as an estimate of the intraretinal time of visual processing. To investigate that matter, we proceeded to simultaneous recordings of the ERG and of single cell unit activity at the geniculate level in paralyzed and anesthetized rabbits. Our results show that 86.4% of the geniculate cells (n = 162) responded to the flash before the peak of the b-wave. One of the oscillatory potentials, the OP2, was preceding the geniculate activity in 77.8% of the cases. Furthermore, the shifts in latency of the geniculate cells induced by varying the intensity of the flash were better correlated to the peak time of OP2 than to the peak time of the b-wave. The mean correlation coefficient between the peak time of OP2 and the latency of the LGN unit response is 0.91 $ pm$ 0.13, against 0.70 $ pm$ 0.29 for the b-wave, and 0.63 $ pm$ 0.27 for the a-wave. Our results suggest that OP2 better reflects the primary visual processes at the retinal level and provides a better estimate of the intraretinal time taken for visual processing.
9
Winslow, Shane R. "Exploring the Relationship between Pedestrian Accessibility and Crime Prevention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460653624.
10
Zuluaga-Arias, Manuel D. "Spatio-temporal variability of aerosols in the tropics relationship with atmospheric and oceanic environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41202.
Анотація:
Earth's radiation budget is directly influenced by aerosols through the absorption of solar radiation and subsequent heating of the atmosphere. Aerosols modulate the hydrological cycle indirectly by modifying cloud properties, precipitation and ocean heat storage. In addition, polluting aerosols impose health risks in local, regional and global scales.
In spite of recent advances in the study of aerosols variability, uncertainty in their spatial and temporal distributions still presents a challenge in the understanding of climate variability. For example, aerosol loading varies not only from year to year but also on higher frequency intraseasonal time scales producing strong variability on local and regional scales. An assessment of the impact of aerosol variability requires long period measurements of aerosols at both regional and global scales.
The present dissertation compiles a large database of remotely sensed aerosol loading in order to analyze its spatio-temporal variability, and how this load interacts with different variables that characterize the dynamic and thermodynamic states of the environment. Aerosol Index (AI) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) were used as measures of the atmospheric aerosol load. In addition, atmospheric and oceanic satellite observations, and reanalysis datasets is used in the analysis to investigate aerosol-environment interactions. A diagnostic study is conducted to produce global and regional aerosol satellite climatologies, and to analyze and compare the validity of aerosol retrievals. We find similarities and differences between the aerosol distributions over various regions of the globe when comparing the different satellite retrievals. A nonparametric approach is also used to examine the spatial distribution of the recent trends in aerosol concentration. A significant positive trend was found over the Middle East, Arabian Sea and South Asian regions strongly influenced by increases in dust events.
Spectral and composite analyses of surface temperature, atmospheric wind, geopotential height, outgoing longwave radiation, water vapor and precipitation together with the climatology of aerosols provide insight on how the variables interact. Different modes of variability, especially in intraseasonal time scales appear as strong modulators of the aerosol distribution. In particular, we investigate how two modes of variability related to the westward propagating synoptic African Easterly Waves of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean affect the horizontal and vertical structure of the environment. The statistical significance of these two modes is tested with the use of two different spectral techniques. The pattern of propagation of aerosol load shows good correspondence with the progression of the atmospheric and oceanic synoptic conditions suitable for dust mobilization over the Atlantic Ocean. We present extensions to previous studies related with dust variability over the Atlantic region by evaluating the performance of the long period satellite aerosol retrievals in determining modes of aerosol variability. Results of the covariability between aerosols-environment motivate the use of statistical regression models to test the significance of the forecasting skill of daily AOD time series. The regression models are calibrated using atmospheric variables as predictors from the reanalysis variables. The results show poor forecasting skill with significant error growing after the 3rd day of the prediction. It is hypothesized that the simplicity of linear models results in an inability to provide a useful forecast.
11
Tanadini, Matteo. "Incorporating spatial and temporal variability in analyses of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:73c52d36-2e8a-4e04-92e0-a67ed93d7090.
Анотація:
In the last few decades, a growing literature has examined how biodiversity influences ecosystem functioning. This body of work has greatly improved our understanding of ecosystem functioning and its modulation by biodiversity. In particular, there is nowadays large consensus that biodiversity increases ecosystem productivity, and stabilises ecosystems. Early investigations were largely theoretical or involved simple experiments run in laboratory conditions, but over time biodiversity ecosystem-functioning experiments evolved to more realistic field experiments that better represent the real conditions found in natural ecosystems. In particular, these experiments are often run on larger spatial scales and over longer time frames allowing for the effect of environmental heterogeneity and temporal fluctuations to be explored. The designs of these experiments evolved along with the questions addressed in this field of research. However, the analytical tools used in the analyses of these experiments followed a slightly different path. In particular, most of the metrics currently used to analyse biodiversity ecosystem functioning experiments are not entirely suited to properly deal with the complexity of modern designs as they make a number of assumptions that are not met any more. In my thesis I developed a unified framework, based on the tailored use of Linear Mixed Effects Models, to analyse biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments such that the new complexities of these experiments can be taken into account. This thesis aimed to bring the focus of the analysis back to the biological interpretation of the results. I successfully applied my approach to several data sets. The framework developed here is expected to improve greatly our understanding of ecosystem functioning and how biodiversity modulates it. It also sheds new light on past research in this field. The great flexibility of the new approach makes it possible to let these experiments to evolve such that new biological questions can be addressed.
12
Montgomerie, Emily. "Temporal correlation between the acoustic activity of harbor porpoise and the movement activity of their prey species at Kullaberg, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-268316.
Анотація:
The harbor porpoise is considered a threatened species in Swedish waters. A full understanding of its ecology and relationship to other species is important when designing effective conservation plans. This thesis aims to investigate the relationships between harbor porpoises and their prey by comparing the acoustic activity patterns of harbor porpoises and the movement patterns of some of their prey species available at Kullaberg, Sweden. For this purpose, the scientific literature of porpoise and fish activity patterns has been reviewed. Results show that harbor porpoises may follow vertically migrating herring, but further studies are needed to confirm this. It is also possible that the activity pattern of porpoises does not follow exactly the movements of a certain species of prey, but that they rather feed upon several species, and therefore change their behavior accordingly throughout the diurnal cycle.
13
Chandy, Shibi. "Relationship between spatial and temporal patterns of species composition in the Shawnee National Forest Illinois, USA /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1407491141&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007."Department of Plant Biology." Keywords: Landscape ecology, Spatial scale, Diversity patterns, Multivariate analysis, Temporal patterns, Species composition, Shawnee National Forest, Illinois, Ulmus alata, Carya ovata Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-183). Also available online.
14
Hall, David B. 1958. "Temporal and Spatial Comparisons of Ambient Toxicity of the Trinity River in Relationship to an Effluent." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279097/.
Анотація:
A toxicological study was initiated because of concerns about allegations that the Texas Water Commission that effluent from the Dallas Central Wastewater Treatment Plant, which discharges into the Trinity River, was affecting downstream water quality. Monthly, flow-weighted composite effluent samples were collected. Grab samples were also collected upstream and downstream from the effluent from April 1989 to August 1991. Toxicity tests were conducted on these samples using Ceriodaphnia dubia as the test organism. Samples were collected four times during this study in which rainfall occurred prior to sampling. In every instance, this "first flush" of the watershed during a rising hydrograph was toxic to C. dubia upstream. Analyzing toxicity by season resulted in a statistically significantly lower neonate production in the effluent than in the river samples during the months of June, July, and August. This impact on neonate production was suspected of being caused by organic pesticides which are used for insect control on lawns. The effluent was never acutely toxic to C. dubia. Primarily, toxic occurrences in either the effluent or the river samples were primarily of a chronic nature. Overall, survival of C. dubia was affected more frequently at the upstream site than in the effluent or the downstream site. Because EPA's Phase I Acute Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs) methods were designed for identifying acute toxicity, two alternative strategies were attempted to identify chronic toxicity. The first attempt was the modification of the phase I acute TIE methodologies. This was done by processing more sample through the phase I characterization tests. This approach was inadequate due to toxicity that occurred during the last several days of the seven-day C. dubia reproduction test. The second strategy for identifying chronic toxicity within a TIE involved the use of freeze concentration. During this preliminary investigation ofthe efficiency of freeze concentration, four metals and two organic compounds were freeze concentrated.
15
Döhling, Lars. "Extracting and Aggregating Temporal Events from Texts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18454.
Анотація:
Das Finden von zuverlässigen Informationen über gegebene Ereignisse aus großen und dynamischen Textsammlungen, wie dem Web, ist ein wichtiges Thema. Zum Beispiel sind Rettungsteams und Versicherungsunternehmen an prägnanten Fakten über Schäden nach Katastrophen interessiert, die heutzutage online in Web-Blogs, Zeitungsartikeln, Social Media etc. zu finden sind. Solche Fakten helfen, die erforderlichen Hilfsmaßnahmen zu bestimmen und unterstützen deren Koordination. Allerdings ist das Finden, Extrahieren und Aggregieren nützlicher Informationen ein hochkomplexes Unterfangen: Es erfordert die Ermittlung geeigneter Textquellen und deren zeitliche Einordung, die Extraktion relevanter Fakten in diesen Texten und deren Aggregation zu einer verdichteten Sicht auf die Ereignisse, trotz Inkonsistenzen, vagen Angaben und Veränderungen über die Zeit. In dieser Arbeit präsentieren und evaluieren wir Techniken und Lösungen für jedes dieser Probleme, eingebettet in ein vierstufiges Framework. Die angewandten Methoden beruhen auf Verfahren des Musterabgleichs, der Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache und des maschinellen Lernens. Zusätzlich berichten wir über die Ergebnisse zweier Fallstudien, basierend auf dem Einsatz des gesamten Frameworks: Die Ermittlung von Daten über Erdbeben und Überschwemmungen aus Webdokumenten. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es unter bestimmten Umständen möglich ist, automatisch zuverlässige und zeitgerechte Daten aus dem Internet zu erhalten.Finding reliable information about given events from large and dynamic text collections, such as the web, is a topic of great interest. For instance, rescue teams and insurance companies are interested in concise facts about damages after disasters, which can be found today in web blogs, online newspaper articles, social media, etc. Knowing these facts helps to determine the required scale of relief operations and supports their coordination. However, finding, extracting, and condensing specific facts is a highly complex undertaking: It requires identifying appropriate textual sources and their temporal alignment, recognizing relevant facts within these texts, and aggregating extracted facts into a condensed answer despite inconsistencies, uncertainty, and changes over time. In this thesis, we present and evaluate techniques and solutions for each of these problems, embedded in a four-step framework. Applied methods are pattern matching, natural language processing, and machine learning. We also report the results for two case studies applying our entire framework: gathering data on earthquakes and floods from web documents. Our results show that it is, under certain circumstances, possible to automatically obtain reliable and timely data from the web.
16
Charlton, Shawn R. "The relationship between behavioral measures of self-control temporal discounting and the single-player iterated prisoner's dilemma /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3233748.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 6, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-148).
17
Song, Duan Duan. "Price discovery, market efficiency and temporal dynamic price relationship : an empirical analysis of worldwide precious metals markets." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7073.
Анотація:
The aim of this research is to investigate the price discovery, market efficiency and the temporal dynamic price relationships between financial prices (futures and index) and spot price, for three of the most important precious metals, namely gold, silver and platinum. When people are concerned about the economy, prudent investors switch their investment into precious metals rather than other asset classes. Precious metals futures, thus, are used by commercial producers and users and investors of precious metals to hedge risk or to make profit on the price fluctuations. Understanding the relationship between markets should foster sensible investment decisions and improve the statistical hedging properties of precious metals. Inspired by consideration of the unique status of precious metals in the economy and limited existing empirical evidence of price relationship regarding these metals, this research attempts to contribute to the space literature on market efficiency and causality cross three categories of markets—index, futures and spot. Further it will extend the research on price relationships and interactional impacts of precious metals markets based on non-synchronous trading that connects all the major markets around the world. The findings confirm long-term equilibrium relationships between US futures/index markets and special spot markets of all three precious metals by Cointegration tests. Via VECMs, the findings also revealed that futures prices and indexes of all the tested precious metals played a dominant role in the long run, but not all of them could be the unbiased estimators of the future spot price. On the other hand, mixed results of short-term causality suggested that US futures and indices led spot prices in the majority of cases. The results from this research supported the hypothesis that futures/indices functioned in the price discovery role in both the long- and short-term, and more importantly, the findings had value implications for market users in decision-making and improving their portfolio performance on precious metal markets.
18
Franzén, Stephanie. "The role of hypoxia for the development of diabetic nephropathy : Temporal relationship and involvement of endothelin receptor signaling." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125522.
Анотація:
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common causes of end stage renal disease and develops in approximately one third of all diabetes patients. Disease progression is characterized by deteriorating glomerular filtration rate and escalating urinary albumin/protein excretion; both are used as clinical markers for disease progression. Recently, it has been proposed that intrarenal hypoxia is a unifying mechanism for chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy. Several mechanistic pathways have been linked to the development of intrarenal hypoxia and diabetic nephropathy including increased angiotensin II signaling, oxidative stress and hyperglycemia per se. Furthermore, pathological endothelin signaling has recently immerged as a possible contributing factor for chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy. The overall aims of this thesis were therefore to determine the temporal relationship between development of intrarenal hypoxia and kidney disease as well as elucidate the potential link between endothelin signaling, intrarenal hypoxia and kidney disease in experimental insulinopenic diabetes. It is well established that different mouse strains have different susceptibility for kidney and cardiovascular disease. The first step was therefore to compare four commonly used mouse strains with regards to development of kidney disease after onset of insulinopenic diabetes. From the results of this study, we concluded that the NMRI mouse strain has a disease progression closest to the human disease and this strain was chosen in the subsequent studies in mice. The next step was to adapt and optimize a suitable method for repetitive measurements of intrarenal oxygen tension during the course of disease development. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry had previously been used in tumor biology and was now adapted and optimized for measurements of kidney oxygenation in our diabetic mouse model. EPR oximetry in normoglycemic control mice recorded cortical oxygen tension values similar to previous reports using invasive techniques. Surprisingly, intrarenal hypoxia developed already within the first 72h after induction of hyperglycemia and persisted throughout the two-week study period. Importantly, this was well before albuminuria developed. The final part of this thesis was to investigate the role of endothelin signaling for the intrarenal hypoxia in a diabetic rat model. Endothelin 1 signals via two distinctly different receptor-mediated pathways. In normal physiology, endothelin 1 binding to endothelin receptor type A (ETA) induces vasoconstriction, which can be blocked by the specific ETA antagonist BQ123, whereas endothelin 1 binding to endothelin receptor type B (ETB) induces nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation. ETB receptors can be selectively activated by Sarafotoxin 6c. The results from blocking ETA and activating ETB receptors demonstrated that endothelin 1 signaling via ETA receptors contributes to intrarenal hypoxia in the rat diabetic kidney, and that ETB stimulation significantly reduces the diabetes-induced intrarenal hypoxia. The beneficial effects on kidney oxygen availability in diabetes by ETA blockade or ETB stimulation were mainly linked to hemodynamic improvements rather than direct effects on kidney oxygen consumption or oxidative stress status. In conclusion, by applying EPR oximetry in a mouse model of insulinopenic diabetes mimicking the human disease, we demonstrated intrarenal hypoxia already within the first couple of days after the onset of hyperglycemia, which is well before detectable signs of kidney disease development. Furthermore, blockade of ETA or activation of ETB receptors significantly reduced intrarenal hypoxia in the diabetic kidney. These results demonstrate involvement of ETA receptor signaling in diabetes-induced intrarenal hypoxia and ETA blockade or ETB activation might provide new therapeutical targets to reduce kidney hypoxia and disease progression in diabetes.
19
Lamarche, Michelle. "Generation of a mouse model to study the temporal relationship between BRAFV600E expression and PTEN silencing in melanoma development." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106607.
Анотація:
Metastatic melanoma is a devastating and poorly understood disease that is extremely resistant to current approved therapeutic regimens. The earliest and most common observed genetic alteration encodes constitutively active BRAF-V600E (BRAFV600E) which promotes sustained activation of the BRAF-MEK-ERK MAP kinase signaling pathway. BRAFV600E is detected in 85% of human nevi and ~65% of metastatic melanomas. Progression from nevi to melanoma is thought to require the subsequent functional loss of at least one tumor suppressor gene, commonly PTEN. We have previously demonstrated that the concomitant activation of BRAFV600E and PTEN silencing led to the appearance of highly pigmented melanocytic skin lesions with histological features of melanoma. However, human tumors do not develop mutations simultaneously. Thus, to study melanoma progression in vivo, we will initiate BRAFV600E expression and PTEN silencing independently with Flp and Cre respectively. We have previously generated mice carrying a Flp-activated BRAFV600E allele (BRAFFA), which expresses normal BRAF prior to Flp-mediated recombination, at which point BRAFV600E is expressed. Similarly, we have a conditional PTEN allele that becomes inactivated upon Cre-mediated recombination.To separate BRAFV600E activation and PTEN silencing in vivo, I attempted to generate a transgenic mouse expressing inducible forms of Cre and Flp recombinases in a melanocyte-specific manner (pTyr:CreER and pTyr:FlpPR). The two constructs were co-integrated into the genome of C57BL/6 zygotes, generating five Tyr:FC founder strains. In vitro analysis of the constructs demonstrated melanocyte specificity and appropriate inducibility and specificity for recombination sequences. However, zero of five Tyr:FC strains demonstrated recombinase expression or function in vivo. The reason behind this lack of expression remains unknown but is most likely attributed to the co-injection technique, too few founder strains for analysis, or faults in the pTyr constructs.Le mélanome est une maladie dévastatrice et excessivement résistante aux thérapies actuelles sur laquelle nos connaissances sont très limitées. Un des événements génétiques initiateurs de la maladie, qui est également le plus fréquemment observé, est une mutation qui encode une forme constitutivement active de BRAF-V600E (BRAFV600E), ce qui mène à une activation soutenue de la voie MAP kinase BRAF-MEK-ERK. BRAFV600E est détecté dans 85% des naevus et environ 65% des mélanomes métastatiques. On considère que la perte d'au moins un gène suppresseur de tumeur, par exemple PTEN, est nécessaire pour la progression d'un naevus à un mélanome. Nous avons précédemment démontré que l'activation de BRAFV600E couplée avec une perte d'expression de PTEN menait à l'apparition de lésions mélanocytiques hautement pigmentées avec certaines caractéristiques histologiques du mélanome. Par contre, les tumeurs humaines ne subissent pas de telles mutations de façon simultanée. Ainsi, pour étudier la progression du mélanome in vivo, nous allons initier l'expression de BRAFV600E et l'ablation de l'expression de PTEN de façon indépendante avec les recombinases Flp et Cre respectivement. Nous avons précédemment généré une souris portant un allèle de BRAFV600E activé par Flp ("Flp-activated", BRAFFA) qui exprime une version normale de BRAF au préalable et BRAFV600E après la recombinaison par la Flp. Nous avons également un allèle de PTEN qui est inactivé suite à la recombinaison par la recombinase Cre. Pour séparer l'activation de BRAFV600E et l'ablation de PTEN in vivo¸ j'ai tenté de générer une souris transgénique exprimant des formes inductibles des recombinases Cre et Flp spécifique aux mélanocytes (pTyr:CreER et pTyr:FlpPR). Les deux constructions ont été co-intégrées dans le génome de zygotes C57BL/6, ce qui a généré cinq lignées fondatrices. L'analyse in vitro a démontré que l'expression des constructions était spécifique aux mélanocytes et que l'induction des recombinases ainsi que leur spécificité pour les sites de recombinaison étaient appropriées. Par contre, l'expression ou l'activité de l'une ou l'autre des recombinases n'a été détectée dans aucune des cinq lignées Tyr:FC. La cause derrière cette absence d'expression reste inconnue mais elle est probablement attribuable à la technique de co-injection, le nombre limité de lignées fondatrices ou des défauts dans les constructions pTyr.
20
Hou, Quan. "Spatial restructuring, jobs-housing relationship and commute in urban China : a multi-temporal and mulit-level analysis of Guangzhou." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1429.
21
Fretwell, Elizabeth A. "The Temporal and Spatial Relationship between Phosphorus and Nitrogen Concentrations, Algal Growth, and Nutrient Sources in the Meduxnekeag River Watershed." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FretwellEA2006.pdf.
22
Wedge, Daniel John. "Video sequence synchronization." University of Western Australia. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0084.
Анотація:
[Truncated abstract] Video sequence synchronization is necessary for any computer vision application that integrates data from multiple simultaneously recorded video sequences. With the increased availability of video cameras as either dedicated devices, or as components within digital cameras or mobile phones, a large volume of video data is available as input for a growing range of computer vision applications that process multiple video sequences. To ensure that the output of these applications is correct, accurate video sequence synchronization is essential. Whilst hardware synchronization methods can embed timestamps into each sequence on-the-fly, they require specialized hardware and it is necessary to set up the camera network in advance. On the other hand, computer vision-based software synchronization algorithms can be used to post-process video sequences recorded by cameras that are not networked, such as common consumer hand-held video cameras or cameras embedded in mobile phones, or to synchronize historical videos for which hardware synchronization was not possible. The current state-of-the-art software algorithms vary in their input and output requirements and camera configuration assumptions. ... Next, I describe an approach that synchronizes two video sequences where an object exhibits ballistic motions. Given the epipolar geometry relating the two cameras and the imaged ballistic trajectory of an object, the algorithm uses a novel iterative approach that exploits object motion to rapidly determine pairs of temporally corresponding frames. This algorithm accurately synchronizes videos recorded at different frame rates and takes few iterations to converge to sub-frame accuracy. Whereas the method presented by the first algorithm integrates tracking data from all frames to synchronize the sequences as a whole, this algorithm recovers the synchronization by locating pairs of temporally corresponding frames in each sequence. Finally, I introduce an algorithm for synchronizing two video sequences recorded by stationary cameras with unknown epipolar geometry. This approach is unique in that it recovers both the frame rate ratio and the frame offset of the two sequences by finding matching space-time interest points that represent events in each sequence; the algorithm does not require object tracking. RANSAC-based approaches that take a set of putatively matching interest points and recover either a homography or a fundamental matrix relating a pair of still images are well known. This algorithm extends these techniques using space-time interest points in place of spatial features, and uses nested instances of RANSAC to also recover the frame rate ratio and frame offset of a pair of video sequences. In this thesis, it is demonstrated that each of the above algorithms can accurately recover the frame rate ratio and frame offset of a range of real video sequences. Each algorithm makes a contribution to the body of video sequence synchronization literature, and it is shown that the synchronization problem can be solved using a range of approaches.
23
Dalrymple, Michelle. "Poisson mixture methods and change point analyses to study the relationship between temporal profiles of sudden infant death syndrome and climate." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Statistics, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6696.
Анотація:
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS or cot death) is the leading cause of infant death in the developed world (Byard et al, 1996), and is unique in the medical lexicon in that it represents a pathology defined by categories of exclusion. Historically, Canterbury has had one of the highest rates of SIDS in New Zealand, and New Zealand has had one of the highest SIDS rates in the western world (Nelson, 1996). SIDS is one of the most catastrophic events that can occur within a family, and is particularly traumatic due to parents invariably placing blame upon themselves for their infant's death.
Historically, statisticians and epidemiologists have played a major role in SIDS research. Their epidemiological approach has resulted in the identification of modifiable risk factors, including prone sleeping, smoking in an infant's environment, formula feeding, and bed sharing. Public health 'back-to-sleep' campaigns, have directly resulted in a sharp drop in SIDS incidence from the early 1990s.
The aim of this thesis is to model and predict the incidence of SIDS in Canterbury, New Zealand (1968-1999), in terms of complex weather patterns, characterised by a diverse array of climatic variables. This is achieved by linking the temporal sequence of SIDS counts with a comprehensive climate profile.
The association between climate and SIDS has a long history, with the first reference to a seasonal variation in SIDS (a peak in the incidence of SIDS in colder months) published nearly 150 years ago (Wakley, 1855). Many studies have related SIDS to various meteorological measures throughout the world, yet the only consistent relationship found is between SIDS and seasonality (for example Douglas et al (1998) or Mitchell et al (1999). This study is the first to systematically analyse a multiplicity of climate data at different temporal levels, with an accurate extensive time series of SIDS.
Results from change point analyses showed that the Canterbury SIDS profile was constructed of three distinct temporal periods. Logistic regression on seasonality measures, confirmed that seasonality existed in the Canterbury profile. This annual variation in the incidence of SIDS was best measured by different variables for the different periods. Short term relationships between the incidence of SIDS and climate, over and above seasonality, were found for various climatic profiles including humidity, wind (speed, direction and velocity) and pressure. These relationships were identified using regression techniques based on the Poisson distribution, including Poisson regression, Poisson mixture models, Poisson regression with an autoregressive latent structure, and generalised additive models.
Three separate aspects of this study have not previously been seen in the literature, and result from novel statistical applications of mixture and change point methods to the incidence of SIDS. Firstly, this study applies mixture methods to a temporal sequence of discrete SIDS counts. Secondly, the study identifies significant points of change in the chronological profile of SIDS counts, which correspond to structural shifts in the underlying distribution. Thirdly, this study methodologically analyses a vast array of climate data at different temporal levels, with an accurate extensive time series of SIDS.
24
Scanlon, Maura. "The clinical utility of the Four Mountains Test in the diagnosis of dementia : relationship to hippocampal and medial temporal lobe atrophy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10040160/.
Анотація:
AIMS: The current study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of a spatial memory test (The Four Mountains Test; 4MT) in the determining dementia subtype. In a previous study, the 4MT did not find significant differences between Alzheimer’s (AD) and non-Alzheimer’s dementia. Structural MRI data was analysed to investigate if neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe structures accounted for these non-significant differences. METHOD: Data were extracted for fifteen memory clinic patients with dementia diagnoses (AD, vascular and mixed dementia). This included structural MRI scans, 4MT scores, and other neuropsychological measures. Freesurfer image analysis suite was used for automated analysis of the critical neuronal structures involved in AD. The relationships between volumetry, 4MT performance, and cognitive abilities was compared across diagnostic groups. RESULTS: Contrary to prediction, there were no positive associations between these variables. It was not possible to conduct statistical analysis to compare the AD, VaD, and the mixed dementia groups due to the restricted size of the final sample. Conclusions The clinical utility of the 4MT in distinguishing AD from other dementia types in heterogeneous groups of memory clinic patients has not been established. It is possible that overlapping patterns of atrophy and other cognitive impairments associated with dementia have a confounding impact on 4MT performance. However, the current study has low power and a lack of inferential statistics and as such the findings are tentative and must be interpreted with caution. However, the introduction of structural MRI data has contributed to further understanding of a tool that may support in the early diagnosis of dementia.
25
Hall, Brian J. "THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS AND POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG ISRAELI JEWS AND ARABS: A LONGITUDINAL CROSS-LAGGED PANEL ANALYSIS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310084918.
26
Lee, Paula M. "Spatial, temporal, and petrogenetic relationship of basaltic and lamprophyric dikes and sills of the Raton Basin, southern Colorado and northern New Mexico." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5848.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 11, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
27
Rosengard, Peninah S. 1970. "Relationship between measures related to the cochlear active mechanism and speech reception thresholds in backgrounds with and without spectral and/or temporal fluctuations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28598.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-203).
The importance of the cochlear active mechanism in the reception of speech in different types of noise was explored. The perceptual effects of loudness recruitment, a consequence of loss of the active mechanism, were assessed in simulated-loss listeners using a multiband expansion algorithm that models abnormal cochlear linearity. While this algorithm, which derives the expansion characteristic from absolute hearing thresholds, can accurately simulate the mean speech intelligibility results of hearing-impaired listeners, its ability to simulate the performance of individual listeners is limited. Given the relationship between loudness perception and the active mechanism, deriving the expansion characteristic from estimates of cochlear compression should provide a more accurate model of an individual listener's impairment. Towards this aim, the reliability of two psychoacoustic methods used to estimate the magnitude of compression (growth of masking and temporal masking) was assessed. Results suggest that growth of masking is a more reliable measure of compression in listeners with both normal and impaired hearing. The relationship between the compressive characteristics of the auditory system and speech perception in complex acoustic backgrounds was also evaluated. The operational status of the active mechanism was assessed behaviorally using three independently derived measures: (1) slope ratio of off- and on-frequency growth of masking functions, (2) equivalent rectangular bandwidth of auditory filters, and (3) masker-phase masking differences. These measures were correlated with speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in backgrounds with and without spectral and/or temporal-modulations. The relationship between slope ratios, filter bandwidths, and the maximum
(cont.) SRT difference (SRT in steady noise minus SRT in temporally modulated, spectral gap noise) was significant. These results indicate that the ability to take advantage of momentary fluctuations in the amplitude or frequency spectrum of background noise requires an intact active mechanism. The speech reception performance of two hearing-impaired listeners was modeled using a customized version of the expansion algorithm. The algorithm was customized to an individual's impairment based on psychoacoustic measures used to evaluate the integrity of the active mechanism. The maximum SRT difference in the simulated-loss listeners more closely matched the results of their hearing-impaired counterparts, compared to SRTs measured using the original algorithm. These results provide further evidence of the importance of the active mechanism to the perception of speech in modulated noise.
by Peninah S. Rosengard.
Ph.D.
28
Wattrus, Jane M. (Jane Marie). "Habitat Evaluation Procedures at Ray Roberts Lake: an Analysis of the Relationship with Ecological Indicators and a Study of Observer and Temporal Variability." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501233/.
Анотація:
Habitat Evaluation Procedure data gathered at Ray Roberts Lake in 1989 and 1990 were analysed for temporal variability, observer variability and relationships between Habitat Units (HUs) and species density/diversity. observer variability within a group was analysed by cluster analysis and bootstrapping. Five out of 36 sites showed significant differences in Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values within the group. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze temporal variability. One of 6 sites showed a significant difference in HSI values between years. Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, a correlation was found between indicator species density and HUs. No significant correlation was indicated between species diversity and HUs.
29
Cruz, Jennifer. "The Aesthetic Relevance of the Golden Section in The Well-Tempered Clavier by J.S. Bach: The Relationship Between Form, Temporal Flow, and Proportional Balance." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1182395578.
Анотація:
Thesis (Dr. of Musical Arts)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Dr. Bruce McClung. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Nov. 28, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: Bach; golden section; well-tempered clavier; form; temporal flow; proportion; proportional balance. Includes bibliographical references.
30
Afshan, Gul. "Does differentiation matter in an employee-employer relationship at the individual and group-level? : the role of comparison from the temporal, social and deontic perspective : 3 essays." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0226.
Анотація:
La thèse comprend trois essais basés sur trois cadres de recherche théoriques, à savoir la théorie de la comparaison temporelle (Albert,1977), la théorie de la comparaison sociale(Festinger,1954) et la théorie déontique (Folger,2001), développées à l'aide d'une étude du soutien organisationnel, le leadership et la justice. Différents secteurs d'activité opérant au Pakistan ont été contactés pour la collecte des données, notamment des banques, des instituts d'enseignement, des entreprises à but non lucratif et des hôpitaux. L'objectif de la thèse était de répondre à la question de recherche: à quel moment la différenciation constituera une opportunité et une menace pour les employés? Le premier essai a été développé sur la base la comparaison temporelle, afin d'examiner la relation entre le PSS relatif et le comportement lié à la voix des employés et le conflit, avec le mécanisme sous-jacent d'estime de soi basé sur le superviseur mais limité par la valeur du soutien perçu temporel de superviseur. Le deuxième essai avait pour d’examiner la relation entre les valeurs relatives LMX et les performances des employés dans le rôle, le comportement de citoyenneté organisationnelle et le cynisme avec le processus d’identification relationnelle, conditionnelle à la valeur de la comparaison sociale LMX. Le troisième essai allait au-delà des motivations de l’intérêt personnel et examinait le point de vue de la différenciation dans la justice de contrôle du tiers sur justice-conflit était examinée avec de la sécurité psychologique, conditionnelle à la valeur de la différenciation dans la justice interactive par surveillance. La plupart des hypothèses contenues dans trois essais ont été acceptéesThe thesis comprises of three-essays based on three theoretical research frameworks, i.e. temporal comparison theory (Albert, 1977), social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954) and deontic theory (Folger, 2001), developed through a detailed study on organisational support, leadership and justice literature. Different working sectors operating in Pakistan were contacted for data collection including Banks, educational institutes, non-profit firms and hospitals.The objective of the thesis was to answer the research question: when differentiation will serve as an opportunity and when it will act as a threat to employees?The first essay is developed based on temporal comparison theory, to examine the relationship between relative PSS and employee voice behaviour and relationship conflict, with the underlying mechanism of supervisor-based self-esteem but bounded by the value of temporal perceived supervisor support. The second essay is designed to examine the relationship between relative LMX and employee’s in-role performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and cynicism with the process of relational identification, entire relationship is conditional to LMX social comparison. The third essay went beyond self-interest motives based on social exchange and deontic justice theory to examine justice-conflict relationship with the mediating mechanism of psychological safety, bounded by the value of differentiation in supervisory interactional justice.Most of the hypothesis in three essays have been accepted.As the comparison at workplace is ubiquitous and prevails everywhere, therefore the managerial implications of this thesis can be applied in another part of the world too
31
CARLITZ, ADAM. "Examining the Relationship between Religiosity and Delay-of-Gratification:Differentiating between Organizational and Personal Religiosity." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1536158517423864.
32
Paleczny, Michelle. "An analysis of temporal and spatial patterns in global seabird abundance during the modern industrial era, 1950-2010, and the relationship between global seabird decline and marine fisheries catch." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43631.
Анотація:
Seabird populations worldwide are threatened by anthropogenic activities including hunting, introduced predators, habitat destruction, pollution, and fisheries, yet the cumulative effects of these threats on seabird populations is difficult to assess because seabird population studies are mainly limited to small temporal and spatial scales. The present study used global databases of seabird abundance, seabird distribution, and fisheries catch, to estimate global annual seabird population size, overall and by seabird family, 1950-2010; map observed global seabird population change within the same timeframe; and compare temporal and spatial patterns in seabird decline with fisheries, a major threat for which global temporally and spatially explicit data is available throughout the modern industrial era. The global seabird population was estimated to decline by 25% during the modern industrial era, from 1.023 billion individuals in 1950 to 0.768 billion individuals in 2010, and overall decline was observed in eleven of the fourteen seabird families. Maps of observed seabird population change indicated decline covering 90% of the world’s marine surface area, and most severe in the southern temperate and tropical oceans. There was a significant positive relationship between annual seabird decline and annual forage fish catch (a metric of forage fish depletion), as well as between observed seabird decline per spatial cell and year of maximum primary production to support fisheries per marine spatial cell (a metric of the timing of peak ecological footprint of fisheries), both indicating that fisheries presence may play a role in shaping spatial and temporal patterns in global seabird population change. The present study identifies the temporally, taxonomically and spatially pervasive nature of global seabird decline during the modern industrial era and a potentially globally important role of fisheries in this global seabird decline, thus indicating the need for a large-scale and precautionary approach to seabird and marine ecosystem management.
33
Szeto, Mei-Wa Tam. "Effects of age and hearing loss on perception of dynamic speech cues." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002732.
34
Teloni, Riccardo. "Spatial and temporal relationship between large-scale mass-failure events and turbidity currents : a subsurface and outcrop investigation of facies architecture evolution in deep-water mass-transport deposit-influenced settings." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18759/.
Анотація:
Submarine landslides have been documented in many deep-water systems. Mass wasting processes and related emplacement of mass-transport deposits (MTDs) may reset the bathymetry of the seafloor through creation of erosional and depositional relief. MTD-related seafloor bathymetry may influence the dispersal patterns of subsequent sediment gravity flows, through reflection, deflecting, or ponding over a relatively small length scales (< 1 km), and may thus exert major control on the architecture and internal heterogeneity of associated turbidites. The principal aim of this thesis is to better constrain the links between MTD-related seafloor bathymetry and facies variability in subsequent deposits. Two case studies of MTD-influenced deep-water systems are presented: the subsurface Britannia Sandstone Fm. (Lower Cretaceous, UK North Sea) and the outcropping Marnoso-arenacea Fm. (Miocene, Central Italy). These studies document i) the different scales of seafloor rugosity created by the emplacement of MTDs and ii) the predictability of the effects of such bathymetry upon sandstone facies distribution and termination geometries. An original structural restoration exercise in the Britannia Sandstone Formation enabled construction of maps of the palaeobathymetry developed after each of four major mass transport events. Morphological features such as deep troughs provide pathways for the emplacement of relatively sandy, high net-to-gross deposits, whereas subtle rugosity produced hybrid event bed-prone deposits with marginal clay-rich banded facies adjacent to confining slopes. Field data from the Casaglia MTD enable the recognition of three different scales of rugosity on the upper MTD surface, the smallest of which effectively represents inter-well scale in the subsurface. Overlying sandstone deposits show evidence of flow deflection, confinement and ponding, with the latter resulting in thick mud caps and a taken net-to-gross. The study emphasises that reservoir heterogeneity in sandstone deposits overlying MTDs is controlled by the shape, depth and size of the morphological features associated with the MTD, together with their elevation above the seafloor bathymetry in relationship to the thickness and direction of the depositing flows.
35
Bamatraf, Abdurhman Mohamed. "Temporal and spatial relationships of canopy spectral measurements." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_25_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
36
Tempera, Fernando. "Benthic habitats of the extended Faial Island shelf and their relationship to geologic, oceanographic and infralittoral biologic features." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/726.
Анотація:
This thesis presents a new template for multidisciplinary habitat mapping that combines the analyses of seafloor geomorphology, oceanographic proxies and modelling of associated biologic features. High resolution swath bathymetry of the Faial and western Pico shelves is used to present the first state-of-the-art geomorphologic assessment of submerged island shelves in the Azores. Solid seafloor structures are described in previously unreported detail together with associated volcanic, tectonic and erosion processes. The large sedimentary expanses identified in the area are also investigated and the large bedforms identified are discussed in view of new data on the local hydrodynamic conditions. Coarse-sediment zones of types hitherto unreported for volcanic island shelves are described using swath data and in situ imagery together with sub-bottom profiles and grainsize information. The hydrodynamic and geological processes producing these features are discussed. New oceanographic information extracted from satellite imagery is presented including yearly and seasonal sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration fields. These are used as proxies to understand the spatio-temporal variability of water temperature and primary productivity in the immediate island vicinity. The patterns observed are discussed, including onshore-offshore gradients and the prevalence of colder/more productive waters in the Faial-Pico passage and shelf areas in general. Furthermore, oceanographic proxies for swell exposure and tidal currents are derived from GIS analyses and shallow-water hydrographic modelling. Finally, environmental variables that potentially regulate the distribution of benthic organisms (seafloor nature, depth, slope, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, swell exposure and maximum tidal currents) are brought together and used to develop innovative statistical models of the distribution of six macroalgae taxa dominant in the infralittoral (articulated Corallinaceae, Codium elisabethae, Dictyota spp., Halopteris filicina, Padina pavonica and Zonaria tournefortii). Predictive distributions of these macroalgae are spatialized around Faial island using ordered logistic regression equations and raster fields of the explanatory variables found to be statistically significant. This new approach represents a potentially highly significant step forward in modelling benthic communities not only in the Azores but also in other oceanic island shelves where the management of benthic species and biotopes is critical to preserve ecosystem health.
37
Miller, Anna Dyer Rebecca. "Was that the truth? temporal vocal cues and the perception of deception /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1013.
38
Walworth, James, and Michael Kilby. "Pecan Leaf Tissue Nutrient Concentrations: Temporal Relationships and Preliminary Standards." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223660.
Анотація:
Leaf samples were collected from five trees each of Bradley, Cheyenne, Sioux, Western Schley, and Wichita at Picacho, Arizona and five trees each of Bradley, Western Schley, and Wichita at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and analyzed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, manganese, boron, and copper at two-week intervals from mid-May to Mid-October, 2000. Yield, average nut weight, and percent kernel data were collected for each individual tree. Leaf tissue analysis indicated that concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur decreased. The overall trends were for zinc levels to declined, although they increased at the end of the season. Boron, calcium, magnesium and manganese, and iron concentrations increased during the growing season. Copper concentrations were variable. Preliminary nutrient standards are presented and compared to existing standards. Most nutrients were within recommended ranges, but magnesium levels were much higher than the top of the Arizona and New Mexico sufficiency ranges. Manganese was higher than the Arizona sufficiency range, but within that of New Mexico, whereas zinc was higher than the New Mexico range, but within that of Arizona.
39
Peterson, Samuel. "Spatial and Temporal Employment Relationships: Southern California as a Case Study." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1813.
Анотація:
Southern California is the largest U.S. metropolitan area geographically, and demonstrates complex spatial relationships between county labor markets. This paper is interested in investigating the employment dependencies between the core city of Los Angeles its respective commuting sheds, such as San Bernardino and Riverside counties. Using time series data that includes labor demand shocks from the Great Recession, this analysis implements a vector autoregressive model to dissect the relationship between urban and suburban employment changes. The work finds a strong lagging-leading relationship between counties that varies by business cycle phase, and provides policy implications from this relationship.
40
Hu, Qinglin. "Temporal variation and inter-relationship of movement and resource selection of red deer (Cervus elaphus) with respect to climate : a case study : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Environmental Science) at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1299.
Анотація:
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of at least 31 herbivorous exotic mammals existing in New Zealand. All of these species have the potential to affect environmentral and production values. Reducing their impacts on their values, strengthening effective managements are important issues to a variety of agencies within New Zealand including the Department of Conservation (DOC), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), local and regional governments. This research studied animal movement pattern and habitat use of 2 GPScollared red deer in the Canterbury high country and found (1) deer movement was affected by climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature, which had positive or negative effect on it, and had seasonal variation; (2) deer had dominant landcover use categories, depending on climate, season, and individual characteristics (3) deer had different movement patterns in terms of hourly distances. The purpose of the study is to draw accurate inferences from spatially explicit data for biosecurity managers and policy-makers through: (1) using global positioning system (GPS) as a tool to elucidate the application of GPS on red deer in wildlife management; (2) Animal Movement Analysis Arc View® 3.2 Extension under Arc View® Geographic Information System (GIS); (3) Animal movement analysis which used Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to show how the movement of red deer was affected by different periods of time, seasons months and climatic variables (for example, rainfall and temperature).
41
Alvarado, Karste Juan Diego. "Brand Rivalries and Their Effect on Consumer Choices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707232/.
Анотація:
This dissertation extends our understanding of how rivalries are formed, what their antecedents are, and how and why they influence consumer choices. Furthermore, the psychological processes underlying the rivalry effects and the moderating effects of temporal focus are uncovered.
42
Vu, Luong. "Estimation of travel time using temporal and spatial relationships in sparse data." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/17512.
Анотація:
Travel time is a basic measure upon which e.g. traveller information systems, traffic management systems, public transportation planning and other intelligent transport systems are developed. Collecting travel time information in a large and dynamic road network is essential to managing the transportation systems strategically and efficiently. This is a challenging and expensive task that requires costly travel time measurements. Estimation techniques are employed to utilise data collected for the major roads and traffic network structure to approximate travel times for minor links. Although many methodologies have been proposed, they have not yet adequately solved many challenges associated with travel time, in particular, travel time estimation for all links in a large and dynamic urban traffic network. Typically focus is placed on major roads such as motorways and main city arteries but there is an increasing need to know accurate travel times for minor urban roads. Such information is crucial for tackling air quality problems, accommodate a growing number of cars and provide accurate information for routing, e.g. self-driving vehicles. This study aims to address the aforementioned challenges by introducing a methodology able to estimate travel times in near-real-time by using historical sparse travel time data. To this end, an investigation of temporal and spatial dependencies between travel time of traffic links in the datasets is carefully conducted. Two novel methodologies are proposed, Neighbouring Link Inference method (NLIM) and Similar Model Searching method (SMS). The NLIM learns the temporal and spatial relationship between the travel time of adjacent links and uses the relation to estimate travel time of the targeted link. For this purpose, several machine learning techniques including support vector machine regression, neural network and multi-linear regression are employed. Meanwhile, SMS looks for similar NLIM models from which to utilise data in order to improve the performance of a selected NLIM model. NLIM and SMS incorporates an additional novel application for travel time outlier detection and removal. By adapting a multivariate Gaussian mixture model, an improvement in travel time estimation is achieved. Both introduced methods are evaluated on four distinct datasets and compared against benchmark techniques adopted from literature. They efficiently perform the task of travel time estimation in near-real-time of a target link using models learnt from adjacent traffic links. The training data from similar NLIM models provide more information for NLIM to learn the temporal and spatial relationship between the travel time of links to support the high variability of urban travel time and high data sparsity.
43
Deck, Aubrey Lynn. "Spatio-temporal relationships between feral hogs and cattle with implicatons for disease transmission." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5884.
Анотація:
It is widely recognized that livestock industries are vulnerable to intentional or
accidental introductions of Foreign Animal Diseases (FADs). Combating disease is
difficult because of unknown wildlife-livestock interactions. Feral hogs (Sus scrofa)
could harbor and shed disease in areas used by domestic livestock such as cattle (Bos
taurus). Extent of risk logically depends on spatio-temporal interactions between
species. I used Global Positioning System (GPS) collars on cattle and hogs in
combination with a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for detailed analysis on
movement patterns of these 2 species on a ranch in southwestern Texas, USA.
Motion-triggered video recorders were also utilized to determine interspecific activity
patterns. I tested hypotheses that spatio-temporal distributions of domestic cattle and
feral hogs on rangeland overlap and that interspecific contact occurs. If these posits are
true, it is possible that introduced pathogens like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) could
be transmitted from feral hogs to cattle.
Using a rate of 1 GPS fix/15 min (96 fixes/day), I found that spatial distribution
of individual hogs and cattle overlapped on both the 95% and 50% kernel area use among 4 seasons. Both cows and feral hogs used Clay Flat, Clay Loam, and Rolling
Hardland more so than other range sites. During Summer 2004, riparian zones were the
most used feature, identified at 14% (2,760/19,365) of cattle and 70% (445/632) of hog
fixes. Other than brush strips, cattle and feral hogs primarily interacted at riparian zones,
fencelines, and roads. There were no direct interspecific contacts evident from GPS
data, but 3 cases were recorded from video data. Indirect interspecific contacts that may
be sufficient for disease transmission occurred much more frequently (GPS = 3.35
indirect contacts/day, video = cows follow hogs: 0.69 indirect contacts/day and hogs
follow cows: 0.54 indirect contacts/day). Research results suggested that both species
often travel along the same roads and fencelines to water and food sources, especially
during extreme heat and low-precipitation conditions. This research provides basic
information needed to improve models for management of FAD outbreaks in the U.S.,
based on specific knowledge of landscape usage and movement patterns of feral hogs
and cattle.
44
Nunez, Steven C. "Behavioral, temporal, and spatial relationships in free-ranging female Anolis carolinensis (Sauria: Polychridae)." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063313/.
45
Misencik, Leann. "Relationships Between Auditory Temporal Processing, Language, and Reading Abilities in School-Aged Children." Thesis, Southern Connecticut State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10286118.
Анотація:
Previous research indicates that auditory temporal processing is related to phonological processing abilities in individuals with reading difficulties; however, additional research is needed that comprehensively investigates the relationships between specific auditory temporal processing, language, and reading skills in children. The purpose of the current study was to examine these relationships in school-aged children, using a comprehensive battery of clinically-relevant assessments. Statistically significant positive relationships were found between performance on tasks of temporal ordering and phonological awareness. No significant relationships were found between temporal resolution and phonological awareness tasks, or between temporal processing and reading tasks. This information provides additional insight into the relationship between auditory temporal processing and the phonological awareness skills that are critical for success in reading, and may contribute to the development of interventions to improve the phonological awareness abilities of struggling readers.
46
Faccioni, Adrian, and n/a. "Relationships between selected speed strength performance tests and temporal variables of maximal running velocity." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060707.160114.
Анотація:
The relationships between selected sprint specific bounding exercises and sprint
performance were analysed using fourteen sprint athletes (7 elite performers, 7 sub-elite
performers). Subjects were required to perform sprints over 60m, Counter Movement
Jumps with and without loading (20kg), High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding over 30m
and High Speed Single Leg Hopping over 20m. All athletes were subject to
anthropometric measurement (Height, Weight and Leg Length). Of all variables
measured, the Elite group were significantly better (p<0.001) in Counter Movement
Jump, Time to 60m, Time from 30m to 60m and in their Maximal Running Velocity.
Linear regressions were carried out on all variables that correlated with Time to 30m
(Acceleration Phase) and Maximal Running Velocity at both the pO.OOl and p<0.01
level of significance. This allowed several prediction tables to be compiled that had
performance measures (sprints and jumps) that could be used as testing measures for
sprint athletes to determine their Acceleration Phase and Maximal Running Velocity. A
stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that Time to 60m was the best predictor of
Maximal Running Velocity. Time to 60m, Leg length, High Speed Alternate Leg
Bounding and Sprint Stride Rate were the best predictors of the Acceleration Phase. A
Stepwise cross-validation linear discriminant function analysis was used to determine the
best predictors from both sprint and jump measures that would distinguish an athlete as
an elite or sub-elite performer. From sprint variables, Time to 60m and Time to 30m were
the two variables that best placed a sprint subject in either the Elite or Sub-elite group.
From the bounding variables, Counter Movement Jump and the Ground Contact Time of
the High Speed Alternate Leg Bounding were the two variables that best placed a sprint
subject in either the Elite or Sub-elite group. The present study suggests that Time to 60m
is the best predictor of Maximal Running Velocity and Acceleration Phase. Counter
Movement Jumping and High speed Alternate Leg Bounding are also useful tools in
developing and testing elite sprint athlete performance.
47
Sjöberg, Kjell. "Temporal relationships between fish-eating birds and their prey in a north Swedish river." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekologi och geovetenskap, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100702.
Анотація:
The seasonal and diel feeding habits of the goosander, Mergus merganser, the red-breasted merganser, M. serrator, gulls (Larus canus, L. argentatus and L. fuscusj and terns, Sterna hirundo/paradisaea were studied at 64V05'N. Birds' activity patterns were influenced by the nocturnal spawning of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). Food selection and food consumption by hand-raised mergansers together with aquarium studies of the diel activity patterns of their most important prey supplemented the field data. River lamprey dominated the diet of the goosander by weight and the sculpin Cottus gobio by number. The fish consumption of the goosanders was found to be about 12% of the available river lamprey biomass and about 17% of the sculpin biomass during the breeding season. In experimental situations the river lamprey was a low- pritority species compared with salmon , Salmo salar, brown trout, 53. trutta, and minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, when presented to satiated birds of both Mergus species. When hungry, however, the birds caught the available prey irrespective of species, but they selected larger prey when two size classes were present. Experimental results were compared with field data on availability, consumption and the escape behaviour of the various fish species. The rivers emptying in the Bothnian Bay are regarded as important feeding areas for birds breeding along the coast. In early spring they get access to abundant and reliable food resources, e.g the river lamprey. Later on the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, supply both Mergus species with food in the river and also along the coast. From the middle of June potential food supply available to birds decreases in the rivers and becomes more abundant in the coastal area.S. 1-41: sammanfattning, s. 43-227: 7 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
48
Garuti, Andrea. "Spatio-temporal diversity of Megistozoobenthos in the Antalya Gulf and relationships with environmental features." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9626/.
Анотація:
Antalya Gulf is situated in the Levantine Sea, the second biggest and most eastern basin in the Mediterranean Sea. This area is an ultra-oligotrophic basin, strongly affected by anthropogenic inputs, in particular in the fishing areas. For this characteristic, in the Levantine Sea, there is a strong pressure on the natural resources and benthic assemblages. Furthermore, many alien species enter from Suez Canal and are well established in the area. All these pressures are leading to a degradation of the Levantine Sea. For this reason it is important to have tools to study and monitoring the functioning of the marine ecosystem. Benthic organisms are superior to many other biological groups for their response to environmental stresses. The variability of benthic assemblages on a site can reflect, in an integrative mode, the entire functioning of the marine ecosystem. In this study, that wants to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the benthic macrofaunal assemblages of Antalya Gulf, 90 benthic species divided in 8 taxa (Annelida, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Echiura, Mollusca, Porifera, Sipunculida and Tunicata) were found. All the analyses conducted on the entire benthic class and later on Mollusca and Echinodermata separately highlighted the importance of depth on structuring benthic community.
49
Buffardi, Laura E. "Temporal construal effects on relationship goal pursuit." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/buffardi%5Flaura%5Fe%5F200605%5Fms.
50
Lee, Chang-Hung, and 李昌鴻. "Mining Association Relationship in a Temporal Database." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19923082047332455387.
Анотація:
博士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
90
Since the early work in algorithm Apriori, several efficient algorithms to mine association rules have been developed. These studies cover a broad spectrum of topics including: (1) fast algorithms based on the level-wise Apriori framework, partitioning, sampling, parallel methods, TreeProjection and FP-growth methods; (2) incremental updating; (3) mining of generalized multi-dimensional and multi-level rules; (4) mining of quantitative rules; (5) constraint-based rule mining and multiple minimum supports issues; (6) temporal association rule discovery; and (7) episode mining. While these are important results toward enabling the integration of association mining and fast searching algorithms, we note that these mining methods cannot effectively be applied to the mining of a large incremental temporal database which is of increasing popularity recently. Specifically, some phenomena are observed when we take the issues of Incremental Updates, Weighted Transactions, Publication-like Items, Short Transactions, and Dynamic Thresholds into consideration. In view of this, we explore in this thesis an effective sliding-window filtering (abbreviatedly as SWF) algorithm for incremental mining of association rules. Under SWF, the cumulative information of mining previous partitions is selectively carried over toward the generation of candidate itemsets for the subsequent partitions. Algorithm SWF not only significantly reduces I/O and CPU cost by the concepts of cumulative filtering and scan reduction techniques but also effectively controls memory utilization by the technique of sliding-window partition. By utilizing proper scan reduction techniques, only one scan of the incremented dataset is needed by algorithm SWF. Furthermore, without fully considering the time-variant characteristics of items and transactions, it is noted that some discovered rules may be expired from users’ interest. In other words, some discovered knowledge may be obsolete and of little use, especially when we perform the mining schemes on a transaction database of short life cycle products. This aspect is, however, rarely addressed in prior studies. In view of this, we broaden in this thesis the horizon of frequent pattern mining by introducing a weighted model of transaction-weighted association rules in a time-variant database. Specifically, we propose an efficient Progressive Weighted Miner (abbreviatedly as PWM) algorithm to perform the mining for this problem as well as conduct the corresponding performance studies. In addition, in this thesis, we explore a new problem of mining general temporal association rules in publication databases. In essence, a publication database is a set of transactions where each transaction T is a set of items of which each item contains an individual exhibition period. The current model of association rule mining is not able to handle the publication database due to the following fundamental problems, i.e., (1) lack of consideration of the exhibition period of each individual item; (2) lack of an equitable support counting basis for each item. To remedy this, we propose an innovative algorithm Progressive-Partition-Miner (abbreviatedly as PPM) to discover general temporal association rules in a publication database. Explicitly, the execution time of PPM is, in orders of magnitude, smaller than those required by other competitive schemes which are directly extended from existing methods. On the other hand, it is noted that the existing models of rule mining might not be able to discover user preferred frequent patterns efficiently due to the following two fundamental problems: (1) the puzzles for mining association rules on a short transaction database; (2) lack of long patterns for sequential pattern mining. To remedy this, this thesis explores the mining of causality rules. The causality rule explored in this dissertation consists of a sequence of triggering events and a set of consequential events, and is designed with the capability of mining non-sequential, inter-transaction information across multiple categories. Hence, the causality rule mining provides a very general framework for rule derivation. Moreover, with the fast increase in Web activities, mining of path traversal patterns plays an essential role in the Web mining. While existing methods are efficient for the mining of frequent path traversal patterns from the access information contained in a log file, these approaches are likely to over evaluate associations. Explicitly, most previous studies of mining path traversal patterns are based on the model of a uniform support threshold, where a single support threshold is used to determine frequent traversal patterns without taking into consideration such important factors as the length of the pattern, the positions of Web pages, and the importance of a particular pattern, etc. In reality, however, a Web page at a lower level of a Web site naturally has a lower occurrence frequency than their corresponding higher level concepts, e.g., the portal Web page. As a result, a low support threshold will lead to lots of uninteresting patterns derived whereas a high support threshold may cause some interesting patterns with lower supports to be ignored. Hence, to capture the very nature of the Web mining problems, it is desirable to have a more general model for the support threshold. This thesis broadens the horizon of frequent path traversal pattern mining by introducing a flexible model of mining Web traversal patterns with dynamic thresholds. Specifically, we explore a new data mining capability which involves mining path traversal patterns with the concept of dynamic thresholds in a time-variant Web environment.