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Oscillatory attractor neural networks can perform temporal segmentation, i.e., separate the joint inputs they receive, through the formation of staggered oscillations. This property, which may be basic to many perceptual functions, is investigated here in the context of a symmetric dynamic system. The fully segmented mode is one type of limit cycle that this system can develop. It can be sustained for only a limited number n of oscillators. This limitation to a small number of segments is a basic phenomenon in such systems. Within our model we can explain it in terms of the limited range of narrow subharmonic solutions of the single nonlinear oscillator. Moreover, this point of view allows us to understand the dominance of three leading amplitudes in solutions of partial segmentation, which are obtained for high n. The latter are also abundant when we replace the common input with a graded one, allowing for different inputs to different oscillators. Switching to an input with fluctuating components, we obtain segmentation dominance for small systems and quite irregular waveforms for large systems.
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Lestienne, Rémy. "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Neuronal Mechanisms in Temporal Coding: A Further Look at Neuronal Oscillations." Neural Plasticity 6, no. 4 (1999): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1999.173.
Many studies in recent years have been devoted to the detection of fast oscillations in the Central Nervous System (CNS), interpreting them as synchronizing devices. We should, however, refrain from associating too closely the two concepts of synchronization and oscillation. Whereas synchronization is a relatively well-defined concept, by contrast oscillation of a population of neurones in the CNS looks loosely defined, in the sense that both its frequency sharpness and the duration of the oscillatory episodes vary widely from case to case. Also, the functions of oscillations in the brain are multiple and are not confined to synchronization. The paradigmatic instantiation of oscillation in physics is given by the harmonic oscillator, a device particularly suited to tell the time, as in clocks. We will thus examine first the case of oscillations or cycling discharges of neurones, which provide a clock or impose a “tempo” for various kinds of information processing. Neuronal oscillators are rarely just clocks clicking at a fixed frequency. Instead, their frequency is often adjustable and controllable, as in the example of the “chattering cells” discovered in the superficial layers of the visual cortex. Moreover, adjustable frequency oscillators are suitable for use in “phase locked loops” (PLL) networks, a device that can convert time coding to frequency coding; such PLL units have been found in the somatosensory cortex of guinea pigs. Finally, are oscillations stricto sensu necessary to induce synchronization in the discharges of downstream neurones? We know that this is not the case, at least not for local populations of neurones. As a contribution to this question, we propose that repeating patterns in neuronal discharges production may be looked at as one such alternative solution in relation to the processing of information. We review here the case of precisely repeating triplets, detected in the discharges of olfactory mitral cells of a freely breathing rat under odor stimulation.
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Levy, Chagai, Monika Pinchas, and Yosef Pinhasi. "A New Approach for the Characterization of Nonstationary Oscillators Using the Wigner-Ville Distribution." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 11, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4942938.
Oscillators and clocks are affected by physical mechanisms causing amplitude fluctuations, phase noise, and frequency instabilities. The physical properties of the elements composing the oscillator as well as external environmental conditions play a role in the characteristics of the oscillatory signal produced by the device. Such instabilities demonstrate frequency drifts and modulation and spectrum broadening and are observed to be nonstationary processes in nature. Most of tools which are being used to measure and characterize oscillator stability are based on signal processing techniques, assuming time invariance during a temporal window, during which the signal is assumed to be stationary. This paper proposes a new time-frequency metric for the characterization of frequency sources. Our technique is based on the Wigner-Ville distribution, which extends the spectral measures to consist of the temporal nonstationary behavior of the processes affecting the accuracy of the clock. We demonstrate the use of the technique in the characterization of phase errors, frequency offsets, and frequency drift of oscillators.
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Levy, Chagai, Monika Pinchas, and Yosef Pinhasi. "Characterization of Nonstationary Phase Noise Using the Wigner–Ville Distribution." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 20, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1685762.
Oscillators and atomic clocks, as well as lasers and masers, are affected by physical mechanisms causing amplitude fluctuations, phase noise, and frequency instabilities. The physical properties of the elements composing the oscillator as well as external environmental conditions play a role in the coherence of the oscillatory signal produced by the device. Such instabilities demonstrate frequency drifts, modulation, and spectrum broadening and are observed to be nonstationary processes in nature. Most of the tools which are being used to measure and characterize oscillator stability are based on signal processing techniques, assuming time invariance within a temporal window, during which the signal is assumed to be stationary. This letter proposes a new time-frequency approach for the characterization of frequency sources. Our technique is based on the Wigner–Ville time-frequency distribution, which extends the spectral measures to include the temporal nonstationary behavior of the processes affecting the coherence of the oscillator and the accuracy of the clock. We demonstrate the use of the technique in the characterization of nonstationary phase noise in oscillators.
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LABBI, ABDERRAHIM, RUGGERO MILANESE, and HOLGER BOSCH. "ASYMPTOTIC SYNCHRONIZATION IN NETWORKS OF LOCALLY CONNECTED OSCILLATORS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 09, no. 12 (December 1999): 2279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127499001759.
In this paper, we describe the asymptotic behavior of a network of locally connected oscillators. The main result concerns asymptotic synchronization. The presented study is stated in the framework of neuronal modeling of visual object segmentation using oscillatory correlation. The practical motivations of the synchronization analysis are based on neurophysiological experiments which led to the assumptions that existence of temporal coding schemes in the brain by which neurons, with oscillatory dynamics, coding for the same coherent object synchronize their activities, while neurons coding for different objects oscillate with nonzero phase lags. The oscillator model considered is the FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron model. We restrict our study to the mathematical analysis of a network of such neurons. We firstly show the motivations and suitability of choosing FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillator, mainly for stimulus coding purposes, and then we give sufficient conditions on the coupling parameters which guarantee asymptotic synchronization of oscillators receiving the same external stimulation (input). We have used networks of such oscillators to design a layered architecture for object segmentation in gray-level images. Due to space limitations, description of this architecture and simulation results are briefly referred to by the end of the paper.
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Baier, Gerold, and Sven Sahle. "Spatio-temporal patterns with hyperchaotic dynamics in diffusively coupled biochemical oscillators." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 1, no. 2 (1997): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022697000162.
We present three examples how complex spatio-temporal patterns can be linked to hyperchaotic attractors in dynamical systems consisting of nonlinear biochemical oscillators coupled linearly with diffusion terms. The systems involved are: (a) a two-variable oscillator with two consecutive autocatalytic reactions derived from the Lotka–Volterra scheme; (b) a minimal two-variable oscillator with one first-order autocatalytic reaction; (c) a three-variable oscillator with first-order feedback lacking autocatalysis. The dynamics of a finite number of coupled biochemical oscillators may account for complex patterns in compartmentalized living systems like cells or tissue, and may be tested experimentally in coupled microreactors.
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Treisman, Michel, Norman Cook, Peter L. N. Naish, and Janice K. MacCrone. "The Internal Clock: Electroencephalographic Evidence for Oscillatory Processes Underlying Time Perception." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 2 (May 1994): 241–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401112.
It has been proposed that temporal perception and performance depend on a biological source of temporal information. A model for a temporal oscillator put forward by Treisman, Faulkner, Naish, and Brogan (1990) predicted that if intense sensory pulses (such as auditory clicks) were presented to subjects at suitable rates they would perturb the frequency at which the temporal oscillator runs and so cause over- or underestimation of time. The resulting pattern of interference between sensory pulse rates and time judgments would depend on the frequency of the temporal oscillator and so might allow that frequency to be estimated. Such interference patterns were found using auditory clicks and visual flicker (Treisman & Brogan, 1992; Treisman et al., 1990). The present study examines time estimation together with the simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram to examine whether evidence of such an interference pattern can be found in the EEG. Alternative models for the organization of a temporal system consisting of an oscillator or multiple oscillators are considered and predictions derived from them relating to the EEG. An experiment was run in which time intervals were presented for estimation, auditory clicks being given during those intervals, and the EEG was recorded concurrently. Analyses of the EEG revealed interactions between auditory click rates and certain EEG components which parallel the interference patterns previously found. The overall pattern of EEG results is interpreted as favouring a model for the organization of the temporal system in which sets of click-sensitive oscillators spaced at intervals of about 12.8 Hz contribute to the EEG spectrum. These are taken to represent a series of harmonically spaced distributions of oscillators involved in time-keeping.
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Chaix, Amandine, Amir Zarrinpar, and Satchidananda Panda. "The circadian coordination of cell biology." Journal of Cell Biology 215, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201603076.
Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous timing mechanisms that organize cell functions in a 24-h periodicity. In mammals, the main circadian oscillator consists of transcription–translation feedback loops composed of transcriptional regulators, enzymes, and scaffolds that generate and sustain daily oscillations of their own transcript and protein levels. The clock components and their targets impart rhythmic functions to many gene products through transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational mechanisms. This, in turn, temporally coordinates many signaling pathways, metabolic activity, organelles’ structure and functions, as well as the cell cycle and the tissue-specific functions of differentiated cells. When the functions of these circadian oscillators are disrupted by age, environment, or genetic mutation, the temporal coordination of cellular functions is lost, reducing organismal health and fitness.
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Mondal, Sirshendu, Vishnu R. Unni, and R. I. Sujith. "Onset of thermoacoustic instability in turbulent combustors: an emergence of synchronized periodicity through formation of chimera-like states." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 811 (December 15, 2016): 659–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.770.
Thermoacoustic systems with a turbulent reactive flow, prevalent in the fields of power and propulsion, are highly susceptible to oscillatory instabilities. Recent studies showed that such systems transition from combustion noise to thermoacoustic instability through a dynamical state known as intermittency, where bursts of large-amplitude periodic oscillations appear in a near-random fashion in between regions of low-amplitude aperiodic fluctuations. However, as these analyses were in the temporal domain, this transition remains still unexplored spatiotemporally. Here, we present the spatiotemporal dynamics during the transition from combustion noise to limit cycle oscillations in a turbulent bluff-body stabilized combustor. To that end, we acquire the pressure oscillations and the field of heat release rate oscillations through high-speed chemiluminescence ($CH^{\ast }$) images of the reaction zone. With a view to get an insight into this complex dynamics, we compute the instantaneous phases between acoustic pressure and local heat release rate oscillations. We observe that the aperiodic oscillations during combustion noise are phase asynchronous, while the large-amplitude periodic oscillations seen during thermoacoustic instability are phase synchronous. We find something interesting during intermittency: patches of synchronized periodic oscillations and desynchronized aperiodic oscillations coexist in the reaction zone. In other words, the emergence of order from disorder happens through a dynamical state wherein regions of order and disorder coexist, resembling a chimera state. Generally, mutually coupled chaotic oscillators synchronize but retain their dynamical nature; the same is true for coupled periodic oscillators. In contrast, during intermittency, we find that patches of desynchronized aperiodic oscillations turn into patches of synchronized periodic oscillations and vice versa. Therefore, the dynamics of local heat release rate oscillations change from aperiodic to periodic as they synchronize intermittently. The temporal variations in global synchrony, estimated through the Kuramoto order parameter, echoes the breathing nature of a chimera state.
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Wang, DeLiang, Joachim Buhmann, and Christoph von der Malsburg. "Pattern Segmentation in Associative Memory." Neural Computation 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1990.2.1.94.
The goal of this paper is to show how to modify associative memory such that it can discriminate several stored patterns in a composite input and represent them simultaneously. Segmention of patterns takes place in the temporal domain, components of one pattern becoming temporally correlated with each other and anticorrelated with the components of all other patterns. Correlations are created naturally by the usual associative connections. In our simulations, temporal patterns take the form of oscillatory bursts of activity. Model oscillators consist of pairs of local cell populations connected appropriately. Transition of activity from one pattern to another is induced by delayed self-inhibition or simply by noise.
Ng, Li Huang Honey. "Evaluating models of verbal serial short-term memory using temporal grouping phenomena." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0059.
[Truncated abstract] Various capabilities such as the ability to read or conduct a conversation rely on our ability to maintain and recall information in the correct order. Research spanning more than a century has been devoted to understanding how units of information are retained in order in short-term memory. The nature of the mechanisms that code the positions of items in serial short-term verbal recall can be investigated by examining a set of phenomena that can be termed temporal grouping effects. Inserting extended pauses to break a list of verbal items into sub-lists (e.g. SHD-QNR-BJF, where the dashes represents the pauses) improves the accuracy of serial recall relative to performance observed without this temporal grouping. In addition, two other effects are linked to temporal grouping. One of these effects is a shift in the shape of the serial position function, which changes from a single bowed function to a multiple-bowed function. That is, the serial position curve for ungrouped sequences is typically characterized by better performance for the beginning and ending items compared to the mid-list items. For grouped lists, the multiple-bowed function comprises better recall for the beginning and ending items within each group. Another effect associated with temporal grouping is a change in the patterns of order errors. For ungrouped sequences (e.g. SHDQNRBJF), order errors often involve the swapping of items in neighbouring positions, such as exchanging D for Q or R for B. By contrast, grouped sequences (such as SHD-QNR-BJF) show a reduction in order errors that cross group boundaries such as exchanging items D and Q or R and B; instead, there tend to be an increased incidence of exchanging items that share similar within-group positions such as swapping H and N or Q and B. According to several current models of short-term memory, items are retained by associating them with extra-list information such as contextual information. ... This was done by unconfounding temporal position (time from group onset) and ordinal position (number of items from group onset) for certain key items in sequences comprising two groups of four consonants. The critical manipulation was to vary the SOAs within and across the two groups. Errors that involve items migrating across groups should preserve within-group temporal position according to oscillator models, but should preserve within-group ordinal position according to non-oscillator models. Results from the intergroup errors strongly favored preservation of ordinal rather than temporal position. Finally, the Appendix reports an unpublished experiment that examined patterns of errors in recalling sequences of nine visually presented letters, where the letters were grouped into threes using temporal gaps. A critical manipulation was the insertion of a tobe- ignored item (an asterisk) between the first and second letters of selected groups. Inclusion of this item failed to alter the patterns of errors observed, indicating that the coding of serial position is based on only those events represented for recall. The central conclusion based on all the studies is that serial order for verbal items is retained using contextual positional codes that change with each presentation of a tobe- remembered item, are influenced by large temporal gaps that lead to grouping, but otherwise are not dependent on the timing of events.
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Kosem, Anne. "Cortical oscillations as temporal reference frames for perception." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069219.
The timing of sensory events is a crucial perceptual feature, which affects both explicit judgments of time (e.g. duration, temporal order) and implicit temporal perception (e.g. movement, speech). Yet, while the relative external timing between events is commonly evaluated with a clock in physics, the brain does not have access to this external reference. In this dissertation, we tested the hypothesis that the brain should recover the temporal information of the environment from its own dynamics. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) combined with psychophysics, the experimental work suggests the involvement of cortical oscillations in the encoding of timing for perception. In the first part of this dissertation, we established that the phase of low-frequency cortical oscillations could encode the explicit timing of events in the context of entrainment, i.e. if neural activity follows the temporal regularities of the stimulation. The implications of brain oscillations for the encoding of timing in the absence of external temporal regularities were investigated in a second experiment. Results from a third experiment suggest that entrainment does only influence audiovisual temporal processing when bound to low-frequency dynamics in the delta range (1-2 Hz). In the last part of the dissertation, we tested whether oscillations in sensory cortex could also 'tag' the timing of acoustical features for speech perception. Overall, this thesis provides evidence that the brain is able to tune its timing to match the temporal structure of the environment, and that such tuning may be crucial to build up internal temporal reference frames for explicit and implicit timing perception.
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Han, Biao. "Predictive coding : its spike-time based neuronal implementation and its relationship with perception and oscillations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30029/document.
Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié le codage prédictif and sa relation avec la perception et les oscillations. Nous avons, dans l'introduction, fait une revue des connaissances sur les neurones et le néocortex et un état de l'art du codage prédictif. Dans les chapitres principaux, nous avons tout d'abord, proposé l'idée, au travers d'une étude théorique, que la temporalité de la décharge crée une inhibition sélective dans les réseaux excitateurs non-sélectifs rétroactifs. Ensuite, nous avons montré les effets perceptuels du codage prédictif: la perception de la forme améliore la perception du contraste. Enfin, nous avons montré que le codage prédictif peut utiliser des oscillations dans différentes bandes de fréquences pour transmettre les informations en avant et en rétroaction. Cette thèse a fourni un mécanisme neuronal viable et innovant pour le codage prédictif soutenu par des données empiriques démontrant des prédictions rétroactives excitatrices et une relation forte entre codage prédictif et oscillations In this thesis, we investigated predictive coding and its relationship with perception and oscillations. We first reviewed my current understanding about facts of neuron and neocortex and state-of-the-arts of predictive coding in the introduction. In the main chapters, firstly, we proposed the idea that correlated spike times create selective inhibition in a nonselective excitatory feedback network in a theoretical study. Then, we showed the perceptual effect of predictive coding: shape perception enhances perceived contrast. At last, we showed that predictive coding can use oscillations with different frequencies for feedforward and feedback. This thesis provided an innovative and viable neuronal mechanism for predictive coding and empirical evidence for excitatory predictive feedback and the close relationship between the predictive coding and oscillations
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Chorley, N. "Spatial and temporal analysis of sunspot oscillations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47200/.
Sunspots are the most conspicuous feature seen on the solar photosphere and are manifestations of the solar magnetic field. Their study, then, may provide us with a greater understanding of the dynamo mechanism thought to be responsible for the generation of this field. In this thesis, the oscillations of sunspots are studied by making use of observational data from two instruments: the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) and the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board the Hinode spacecraft. First, a study of long period oscillations was undertaken in which two long period peaks (P > 10 min) were identified in the power spectra of time series generated from sets of images of 3 sunspots observed with NoRH. In addition, by using the techniques of period, power, correlation and lag mapping, it was found that the power in each of these peaks was concentrated over the umbral regions and that there were two regions of approximately equal size oscillating in anti-phase with each other. It was suggested that these properties could be signatures of a "shallow" sunspot. A follow-up study was then performed, in which the lifetimes of the long period oscillations were investigated over a period of 9 days. These oscillations were seen to dominate the spectra during this interval and the periods and amplitudes were stable during that time. A simple model of a damped, driven simple harmonic oscillator (in which the driving term was nonlinear) was proposed to explain the generation and support of the oscillations. Finally, a study of the spatial properties of the 3 minute oscillations was performed by applying the mapping techniques mentioned above to Hinode/SOT data. The distributions of power and lag of maximum correlation coefficient were found to be non-uniform over the sunspots under study and this may be indicative of inhomogeneities of the physical quantities in the structures.
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Adhimoolam, Balaji. "Diode-oscillator fiber-amplifier systems: versatile, high power spectro-temporal control." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57343.
Khalid, Benyaich. "Bistability, temporal oscillations and Turing patterns in a spatial reactor." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210948.
Michelmann, Sebastian. "Temporal dynamics and mechanisms of oscillatory pattern reinstatement in human episodic memory." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8489/.
A fundamental question in the investigation of episodic memory is how the human brain represents information from the past. This thesis introduces a new method that tracks content specific representations in rhythmic fluctuations of brain activity (i.e. brain oscillations). It is demonstrated that a frequency band centred at 8 Hz carries information about remembered stimulus content. This is shown in human electrophysiological recordings during episodic memory formation and retrieval. Strong and sustained power decreases consistently mark this 8 Hz frequency band; successful memory encoding and retrieval are associated with power decreases in low frequencies (< 30 Hz) throughout this thesis and in numerous former studies. The presented results link power decreases to the reinstatement of oscillatory patterns in sensory specific areas for the first time and therefore implicate them in the representation of information. Finally, the temporal dynamics of recollection are investigated by tracking information from distinct sub-events in continuous episodic memories. In behavioural and neural data, memory replay is faster than perception and takes place in a forward direction. Herein, fragments of fine-grained temporal patterns are reinstated; yet, subjects can skip flexibly between sub-events. Leveraging oscillatory mechanisms to track information can therefore identify episodic memory replay as a dynamic process.
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Webb, Dominic-Luc. "Temporal monitoring of intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling and origins of Ca²⁺ oscillations /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-741-3/.
Vincent-Lamarre, Philippe. "Learning Long Temporal Sequences in Spiking Networks by Multiplexing Neural Oscillations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39960.
Many living organisms have the ability to execute complex behaviors and cognitive processes that are reliable. In many cases, such tasks are generated in the absence of an ongoing external input that could drive the activity on their underlying neural populations. For instance, writing the word "time" requires a precise sequence of muscle contraction in the hand and wrist. There has to be some patterns of activity in the areas of the brain responsible for this behaviour that are endogenously generated every time an individual performs this action. Whereas the question of how such neural code is transformed in the target motor sequence is a question of its own, their origin is perhaps even more puzzling. Most models of cortical and sub-cortical circuits suggest that many of their neural populations are chaotic. This means that very small amounts of noise, such as an additional action potential in a neuron of a network, can lead to completely different patterns of activity. Reservoir computing is one of the first frameworks that provided an efficient solution for biologically relevant neural networks to learn complex temporal tasks in the presence of chaos. We showed that although reservoirs (i.e. recurrent neural networks) are robust to noise, they are extremely sensitive to some forms of structural perturbations, such as removing one neuron out of thousands. We proposed an alternative to these models, where the source of autonomous activity is no longer originating from the reservoir, but from a set of oscillating networks projecting to the reservoir. In our simulations, we show that this solution produce rich patterns of activity and lead to networks that are both resistant to noise and structural perturbations. The model can learn a wide variety of temporal tasks such as interval timing, motor control, speech production and spatial navigation.
Rensing, Ludger, Uwe an der Heiden, and Michael C. Mackey. Temporal Disorder in Human Oscillatory Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72637-8.
Rensing, Ludger. Temporal Disorder in Human Oscillatory Systems: Proceedings of an International Symposium University of Bremen, 8-13 September 1986. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987.
Symposium on Oscillations in Heterogeneous Chemical and Biological Systems (1984 University of Bremen). Temporal order: Proceedings of a Symposium on Oscillations in Heterogeneous Chemical and Biological Systems, University of Bremen, September 17-22, 1984. Edited by Rensing Ludger and Jaeger N. I. 1936-. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
Symposium on Oscillations in Heterogeneous Chemical and Biological Systems 1984 Bremen, Germany). Temporal order: Proceedings of a Symposium on Oscillations in Heterogeneous Chemical and Biological Systems, University of Bremen, September 17-22, 1984. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985.
Goswami, Usha, Alan Power, Marie Lallier, and Andrea Facoetti, eds. Oscillatory “Temporal Sampling” and Developmental Dyslexia: Towards an Over-Arching Theoretical Framework. Frontiers Media SA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-439-1.
Shapiro, Kimron, and Simon Hanslmayr. The Role of Brain Oscillations in the Temporal Limits of Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.037.
Attention is the ubiquitous construct referring to the ability of the brain to focus resources on a subset of perceptual input which it is trying to process for a response. Attention has for a long time been studied with reference to its distribution across space where, for example, visual input from an attentionally monitored location is given preference over non-monitored (i.e. attended) locations. More recently, attention has been studied for its ability to select targets from among rapidly, sequentially presented non-targets at a fixed location, e.g. in visual space. The present chapter explores this latter function of attention for its relevance to behaviour. In so doing, it highlights what is becoming one of the most popular approaches to studying communication across the brain—oscillations—at various frequency ranges. In particular the authors discuss the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz), where recent evidence points to an important role in the switching between processing external vs. internal events.
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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.
This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation of neural activity by temporal expectations all across the brain. General principles of how temporal expectations are generated and bias information processing are still emerging. The picture so far suggests that there may be multiple sources of temporal expectation, which can bias multiple stages of stimulus analysis depending on the stages of information processing that are critical for task performance. Neural oscillations are likely to provide an important medium through which the anticipated timing of events can regulate neuronal excitability.
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Ludger, Rensing, Heiden, Uwe an der, 1942-, and Mackey Michael C. 1942-, eds. Temporal disorder in human oscillatory systems: Proceedings of an international symposium, University of Bremen, 8-13 September 1986. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
Rensing, Ludger, Michael C. Mackey, and Uwe an der Heiden. Temporal Disorder in Human Oscillatory Systems: Proceedings of an International Symposium University of Bremen, 8-13 September 1986. Springer, 2012.
Rensing, L. Temporal Disorder in Human Oscillatory Systems: Proceedings of an International Symposium University of Bremen, 8-13 Sept 1986 (Springer Series in Synergetics). Springer, 1987.
Bélair, J., and L. Glass. "Circle Maps and the Periodic Forcing of Limit Cycle Oscillators." In Temporal Order, 175–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_23.
Glass, L. "Coupled Oscillators in Health and Disease." In Temporal Disorder in Human Oscillatory Systems, 8–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72637-8_2.
Lagarde, Matthieu, Pierre Andry, and Philippe Gaussier. "The Role of Internal Oscillators for the One-Shot Learning of Complex Temporal Sequences." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 934–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74690-4_95.
Jähnig, Fritz. "A Physicist’s Description of Chemical Oscillations." In Temporal Order, 47–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_5.
Engel-Herbert, H., W. Ebeling, and H. Herzel. "The Influence of Fluctuations on Sustained Oscillations." In Temporal Order, 144–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_20.
Müller, Stefan C., Theo Plesser, and Benno Hess. "Coupling of Glycolytic Oscillations and Convective Patterns." In Temporal Order, 194–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_26.
Brown, J. R., G. A. D’Netto, and R. A. Schmitz. "Spatial Effects and Oscillations in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions." In Temporal Order, 86–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_11.
Marek, M. "Periodic and Aperiodic Regimes in Forced Chemical Oscillations." In Temporal Order, 105–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_15.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Temporal oscillators":
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Jankowski, Marc, Alireza Marandi, Chris R. Phillips, Ryan Hamerly, Kirk A. Ingold, Robert L. Byer, and M. M. Fejer. "Femtosecond Temporal Simulton Formation in Optical Parametric Oscillators." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.2017.ntu1b.3.
Ferre, S., M. Pittman, G. Cheriaux, E. Auge, and J. P. Chambaret. "High dynamic range temporal characterization of femtosecond Ti:sapphire oscillators." In CLEO 2001. Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference Technical Digest. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2001.947442.
Hongler, M. O., R. Filliger, P. Blanchard, and J. Rodriguez. "Noise induced temporal patterns in populations of globally coupled oscillators." In 2009 2nd International Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization (INDS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inds.2009.5227997.
Parra-Rivas, P., L. Gelens, and F. Leo. "Temporal localized structures in doubly resonant dispersive optical parametric oscillators." In Nonlinear Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/np.2020.nptu1d.7.
Sekiya, Hiroo, Shinsaku Mori, and Iwao Sasase. "INVESTIGATION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL PHENOMENA ON CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS USING WIEN-BRIDGE OSCILLATOR COUPLED BY ONE RESISTOR FOR COMPARISON WITH GCM." In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812792662_0016.
Kishida, Ryo, Takuya Asuke, Jun Furuta, and Kazutoshi Kobayashil. "Extracting BTI-induced Degradation without Temporal Factors by Using BTI-Sensitive and BTI-Insensitive ring Oscillators." In 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmts.2019.8730967.
Naraniya, Om Prakash, M. R. Shenoy, and K. Thyagarajan. "Efficiency improvement in optical parametric oscillators by using pump pulses of optimum temporal and spatial profiles." In 2013 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wrap.2013.6917678.
Kuroda, Masaharu, and Francis C. Moon. "Local Complexity and Global Nonlinear Modes in Large Arrays of Fluid-Elastic Oscillators." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32752.
Transition from local complexity to global spatio-temporal dynamics in a two dimensional array of fluid-elastic oscillators is examined experimentally with an apparatus comprising 90–1000 cantilevered rods in a wind tunnel. Wave-like behavior is observed which may be related to soliton solutions in nonlinear arrays of nonlinear oscillators. The 90 to 1000 steel and polycarbonate rods have gap ratios ranging from 1.0 to 2.5. As the Reynolds number (based on rod diameter) increases from 200 to 900, a pattern with characteristics of spatio-temporal chaos emerges in global behavior of the elastic-rod array. There are local and global patterns. Local patterns comprise transient rest, linear motion, and elliptical motion. In 90-rod experiments, a cluster-pattern entropy measure based on these three patterns is introduced as a quantitative measure of local complexity. No significant dynamics appear below a threshold wind velocity. Video images reveal that, at first, each rod moves individually; then clusters consisting of several rods emerge. Finally, global wave-like motion occurs at higher flow velocities. Spatial patterns in rod-density distribution appear as more rods impact with their nearest neighbors. Furthermore, these collective nonlinear motions of rods are observed and categorized into several global modes. Using accelerometer data, the rod impact rate versus flow velocity shows a power-law scaling relation. This phenomenon may have application to plant-wind dynamics and damage as well as heat exchangers in energy systems. This experiment may also be a two dimensional analog of impact dynamics of granular materials in a flow.
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Alessi, D., T. Spinka, S. Betts, V. K. Kanz, R. Sigurdsson, B. Riordan, J. K. Crane, and C. Haefner. "High Dynamic Range Temporal Contrast Measurement and Characterization of Oscillators for Seeding High Energy Petawatt Laser Systems." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cm4d.5.
Joo, Han Kyul, and Themistoklis P. Sapsis. "Performance Barriers for Single-Degree-of-Freedom Energy Harvesters Under Generic Stochastic Excitation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34134.
We develop performance criteria for the objective comparison of different classes of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators under stochastic excitation. For each family of oscillators, these objective criteria take into account the maximum possible energy harvested for a given response level, which is a quantity that is directly connected to the size of the harvesting configuration. We prove that the derived criteria are invariant with respect to magnitude or temporal rescaling of the input spectrum and they depend only on the relative distribution of energy across different harmonics of the excitation. We then compare three different classes of linear and nonlinear oscillators and using stochastic analysis tools we illustrate that in all cases of excitation spectra (monochromatic, broadband, white-noise) the optimal performance of all designs cannot exceed the performance of the linear design.
Звіти організацій з теми "Temporal oscillators":
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Chen, Z., and S. E. Grasby. Detection of decadal and interdecadal oscillations and temporal trend analysis of climate and hydrological time series, Canadian Prairies. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/248138.
