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Дисертації з теми "Temperature state"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Herron, Joshua P. "Mesospheric Temperature Climatology Above Utah State University." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6877.

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A Rayleigh-scatter lidar has been in operation at Utah State University (41. 7° N, 111.8 ° W) starting in September 1993 until the present (October 2003). The return profiles from the atmosphere have been analyzed to provide temperature measurements of the middle atmosphere from 45 to 90 km. Various methods of averaging were used to construct a temperature climatology of the region based on these observations. The data analysis algorithm has been critically analyzed to find possible sources of error, and has been compared to an independently derived technique. The resulting temperatures have been compared to other mid-latitude lidars with good agreement. Comparisons were made with temperatures from other ground-based instruments at Bear Lake Observatory. Additional comparisons were carried out with two satellite-based instruments, WINDII and SABER The comparison of individual nights with the SABER instrument produced surprisingly good agreement considering the difference in the two methods. With the basic analysis of the temperature climatology completed in this work, an outline is given for future research and upgrades to the facility.

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2

Radcliffe, Jonathan Wilson. "Calorimetry in the mixed state of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627273.

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3

Holt, Timothy. "The melt-processing of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294368.

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4

Foster, Valerie J. "Heavy particle excitations in high temperature plasmas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282151.

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5

Liu, Ru-Shi. "The chemical control of high temperature superconductivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240144.

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6

Haworth, Christopher. "The de Haas-van Alphen effect and the superconducting state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294551.

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7

Lin, Huang-De Hennessy. "Low-temperature halo-carbon homoepitaxial growth of 4H-SiC." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10142008-150935.

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8

Roberts, Alison Laura Udal. "Structural investigations of high temperature superconductivity in cuprates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306346.

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9

Lai, H. C. "The deposition of high temperature superconducting thin films." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317209.

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10

Eastell, Christopher J. "Microstructure and properties of high temperature superconducting wires." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390462.

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11

Borges, de Araujo M. A. "Hyperfine interactions studied by low temperature nuclear orientation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355725.

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12

Jones, J. Nicholas. "Flux creep and magnetization in high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307081.

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13

Cook, A. J. "Electrical and magnetic properties of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240538.

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14

Salim, Maan. "The AC magnetic susceptibility of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270233.

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15

Peden, Derek Alexander. "Josephson noise thermometry with high temperature superconducting devices." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248715.

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16

Rose, Richard Alexander. "Vortex motion and pinning in high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315999.

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17

Mackenzie, Andrew Peter. "The role of stoichiometry in high temperature superconductivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386134.

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18

Upstone, Richard Peter. "Low temperature studies of transport in silicon MOSFETs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265340.

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This dissertation is the outcome of three years work in the semiconductor Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory, during which time I was financially _supported by the Science and Engineering Research Council. Many thanks are due to my supervisor, Mike Pepper, for his advice and enthusiastic encouragement. I would also like to warmly thank the past and present members of the group who have helped to make the these three years an enjoyable experience. I cannot mention everyone here, but particular thanks are due to Alan Marsh, Colin Dean, Richard Newbury for his efforts to revive the Rutherford fridge, and to Normand Paquin and Donald Pooke for their excellent proof reading of this dissertation. This work would not have been possible without the invaluable technical assistance provided by the members of the Low Temperature Physics workshop, and Dr. s. Read at .the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Useful discussions were held during the course of this work with Professors M.Ya. Azbel, K.F. Berggren, and M. Kaveh. This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration. It is not the same as any other that I have submitted, or am submitting, for a degree, diploma or any other qualification to any other university.

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19

Boskovic, Bojan O. "Room and low temperature synthesis of carbon nanofibres." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843497/.

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Carbon nanotubes and nanofibres have attracted attention in recent years as new materials with a number of very promising potential applications. Carbon nanotubes are potential candidates for field emitters in flat panel displays. Carbon nanofibres could also be used as a hydrogen storage material and as a filling material in polymer composites. Carbon nanotubes are already used as tips in scanning probe microscopy due to their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties, and could be soon used as nanotweezers. Use of carbon nanotubes in nanoelectronics will open further miniaturisation prospects. Temperatures ranging from 450 to 1000 °C have been a required for catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres. Researchers have been trying to reduce the growth temperatures for decades. Low temperature growth conditions will allow the growth of carbon nanotubes on different substrates, such glass (below 650 °C) and as plastics (below 150 °C) over relatively large areas, which is especially suitable for flat panel display applications. Room temperature growth conditions could open up the possibility of using different organic substrates and bio-substrates for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Carbon nanofibres have been synthesised at room temperature and low temperatures below 250 °C using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (r.f PECVD). Previously, the growth of carbon nanofibres has been via catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide at temperatures above 300 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the growth of carbon nanofibres at temperatures lower than 300 °C by any method. The use of a transition metal catalyst and r.f. PECVD system is required for the growth of the carbon nanofibre when a hydrocarbon flows above the catalyst. Within the semiconductor industry r.f. PECVD is a well established technique which lends itself for the growth of carbon nanofibres for various electronic and photonic device applications. A new catalytic method for the growth of carbon nanofibres using radio frequency supported microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) has been developed. Nickel powder used as a catalyst was placed on a water-cooled sample holder in order to obtain growth at room temperature. Carbon nanofibres grown by our method have shown remarkable characteristics of branching during the growth including the forming of "Y"-shaped junctions and interconnecting networks. A graphite strip heater vacuum system for carbon nanofibres thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) has been set up, using methane or acetylene as the carbon containing source gas, and nickel powder as the catalyst. Various carbon nanofibre morphologies have been produced: "whisker-like", helical, branched, bi-directional, and "bead-like". Using this low-pressure thermal CVD synthesis method carbon nanofibres and nanotubes were synthesised at relatively low temperatures from 350 °C. Optimum deposition conditions for the produced fibres with higher graphitic structures at low temperatures have been established by series of experiments varying pressure, temperature, substrate and gas mixture. Optimum growth temperature was found to be around 500 °C. Ropes of roughly aligned carbon nanotubes have been observed after synthesis using nickel catalysed CVD of methane at temperatures of 500 °C, or after radio frequency assisted microwave PECVD. Mixtures of remaining nickel powder and synthesized carbon nanofibres and nanotubes have been treated in 35% nitric acid for periods of 3 to 10 minutes and carbon nanotube ropes have been observed in the dried sediment by scanning electron microscope examination. Rope diameters range from 20?m up to 80?m, and lengths up to few millimeters have been observed. The large size of these ropes means that easy manipulation is possible for their characterisation and applications. A growth model for the room temperature and low temperature produced carbon nanofibres is proposed. Characterisation of produced carbon nanofibres and carbon nanoropes have been performed using scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy.

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20

Rajput, Harish C. "A steady-state analytical solution for MOSFET channel temperature estimation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43566.

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A steady state analytical solution for MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) channel temperature estimation has been derived and the analytical model has been used to develop a software tool called HeatMOS©. HeatMOS© estimates the MOSFET channel temperature based on information from the device layout and an industry standard BSIM3 compact model. The steady state solution is an approximation for the channel temperature distribution along its length. The HeatMOS© model has been designed to be integrated into a VLSI CAD flow to predict the steady state temperature of a full micro-chip. An equivalent M-network model for steady state temperature can be extended for each MOSFET device in a complete micro-chip. In future work, HeatMOS© can be combined with the models of interconnect to develop a full micro-chip thermal analysis software tool.

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21

Xie, Qingyuan. "Fundamentals and applications of solid-state high temperature proton conductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320001.

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22

Harris, John N. "Referenced pressure and temperature sensitive coatings using solid state phosphors /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8577.

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23

Fangohr, Hans. "Computational modelling of the vortex state in high-temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/45928/.

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The vortex state in high temperature superconductors is investigated using computer simulations. Vortices are represented as particles and we employ Langevin dynamics to study the statics and dynamics of the system. We show that the long-range nature of the vortex-vortex interaction can result in numerical artefacts, and provide two techniques to overcome these problems: (i) using a ‘smooth’ cut-off which reduces the interaction force near the cut-off smoothly to zero, and (ii) an infinite lattice summation technique applicable for a K0-Bessel function interaction potential. Using these methods, we investigate a two-dimensional vortex system driven over a weak random potential. We observe the moving Bragg glass regime, and study the recently predicted critical transverse force. Our results agree with and extend other theoretical and numerical works, and provide important confirmation for the moving glass theory. We investigate the critical transverse force as a function of system size, temperature, driving force and disorder strength. We provide numerical estimates to assist experimentalists in verifying its existence. We study vortex matter in three-dimensional layered superconductors in the limit of zero Josephson coupling. The long-range nature of the electromagnetic interaction between pancake vortices in the c-direction allows us to employ a meanfield method: all attractive inter-layer interactions are described by a substrate potential, which pancakes experience in addition to the in-layer pancake repulsion. Using an averaged pancake-density, we iteratively re-compute the substrate potential. The self-consistent method converges, depending on temperature, either to a pancake lattice or a pancake liquid. We investigate different methods to perform these simulation efficiently, and compute the instability line for the transition from solid to liquid, the melting line and the entropy jump across the transition.

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24

Tanaka, Yasunori, Yasunobu Yokomizu, Motohiro Ishikawa, and Toshiro Matsumura. "Particle Composition of High-Pressure SF_6 Plasma with Electron Temperature Greater than Gas Temperature." IEEE, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7280.

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25

Frost, A. J. "The characterisation of high temperature superconductors for power engineering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239287.

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26

Hole, Christopher. "Pulsed magnetic field characterisation of technological high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294363.

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27

Issa, Almoutaz. "Laser ablation, deposition of high temperature superconducting thin films." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384805.

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28

Thompson, Simon C. "New precursors for the CVD of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242773.

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29

Lowe, Adam John. "Thermoelectric power and photoemission studies in high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305550.

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30

Zahrir, A. "Thin film growth and characterization on high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335477.

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31

Cholerton, Simon Derrick. "Microwave measurement of single crystals of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319565.

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32

Mace, Daniel. "Low temperature electron transport in III-V semiconductor devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259629.

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33

naz, saima. "Forecasting daily maximum temperature of Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112404.

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The aim of this study is to get some approach which can help in improving the predictions of daily temperature of Umeå. Weather forecasts are available through various sources nowadays. There are various software and methods available for time series forecasting. Our aim is to investigate the daily maximum temperatures of Umeå, and compare the performance of some methods in forecasting these temperatures. Here we analyse the data of daily maximum temperatures and find the predictions for some local period using methods of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), exponential smoothing (ETS), and cubic splines. The forecast package in R is used for this purpose and automatic forecasting methods available in the package are applied for modelling with ARIMA, ETS, and cubic splines. The thesis begins with some initial modelling on univariate time series of daily maximum temperatures. The data of daily maximum temperatures of Umeå from 2008 to 2013 are used to compare the methods using various lengths of training period. On the basis of accuracy measures we try to choose the best method. Keeping in mind the fact that there are various factors which can cause the variability in daily temperature, we try to improve the forecasts in the next part of thesis by using multivariate time series forecasting method on the time series of maximum temperatures together with some other variables. Vector auto regressive (VAR) model from the vars package in R is used to analyse the multivariate time series. Results: ARIMA is selected as the best method in comparison with ETS and cubic smoothing splines to forecast one-step-ahead daily maximum temperature of Umeå, with the training period of one year. It is observed that ARIMA also provides better forecasts of daily temperatures for the next two or three days. On the basis of this study, VAR (for multivariate time series) does not help to improve the forecasts significantly. The proposed ARIMA with one year training period is compatible with the forecasts of daily maximum temperature of Umeå obtained from Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI).

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34

Hawley, Michael. "Temperature and internal state dependence of ultralow energy ion-neutral reactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185560.

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This dissertation presents results on the study of the temperature and internal state dependence of ion-neutral reactions. The free jet flow technique is used to measure rate coefficients for several reactions at ultralow collision energies near 1 K. The technique, and the unique considerations of free jet flow are considered. The method of analysis of the data obtained from the free jet reactor is also presented. The measurement of reaction rate coefficients for several fast reactions is reported. These studies demonstrate the utility of the technique as various types of reactions which occur at the collision rate are studied. Reactions which do not occur at the collision rate have also been studied. Several slow reaction rate coefficients of the atomic ion AR⁺ are measured, and the data acquired from the free jet flow reactor aids in the elucidation of the reaction mechanisms for these systems. The slow reaction between C₂H₂⁺ and H₂ is also considered, and a theory to account for its unusual temperature dependence is presented which depends heavily on the formation of a long lived collision complex. The experimental rate coefficients for three body association reactions of the rare gas atomic ions Ar⁺, Kr⁺ and Xe⁺ are presented. The experimental results in this case show very large rate coefficients which cannot be explained satisfactorily by any current theories. Using resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization to create quantum state specific ions, the measurement of rate coefficients for selected vibrational states of molecular ions and spin orbit states of atomic ions are reported. Observed effects for vibrational excitation of molecular ions and spin-orbit excitation of atomic ions are discussed. Finally, the production and subsequent dynamics of negative ions by electron attachment are examined. The electrons are produced from a high resolution source by using two color resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy on a suitable precursor.

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35

Draper, Christian D. "Impact of a Finite-Temperature Equation of State on Neutron Stars." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2603.

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In this research, we study how a finite-temperature nuclear equation of state suitable for astrophysical simulations impacts the oscillation modes of neutron stars. We chose the Shen equation of state (EOS) because it accurately describes both stable and unstable nuclei as well as nuclear incompressibilities. I modified the existing MHD code at BYU, the HAD code, to call a lookup table for the Shen EOS for use at run time, and added a Newton-Raphson method algorithm to convert conserved variables to primitive variables. The algorithm was tested and verified by evolving a stable neutron star for several dynamical times and evolving the same star at different resolutions. The normal mode frequency of the neutron star with the Shen EOS was measured and compared to those for neutron stars with an ideal gas EOS found by Font et. al. We found that the fundamental mode of the neutron star using the Shen EOS was slightly larger than that of the ideal gas EOS. This difference is due to the Shen EOS producing stars that are stiffer, increasing the sound speed.

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36

Chern, Jin-Dong. "Optical and microwave responses of high temperature superconducting thin films." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282502.

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37

Zheng, Dong-Ning. "An experimental study of flux pinning in high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319876.

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38

Luchini, Marco Umberto. "Magnetism in iron around the Curie temperature : a computational study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335744.

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39

Scott, Kenneth. "The pulsed laser deposition of high temperature superconducting thin films." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240068.

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40

Chouial, Baghdadi. "Investigation of superconductor tunnel junctions on YBCO high temperature superconductor." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303029.

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41

Shevchenko, V. V., and D. G. Semenyutin. "Modeling of the temperature state of turbogenerators in the medium of SolidWorks." Thesis, Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38953.

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42

Hedberg, James. "Low temperature force microscopy on a deeply embedded two dimensional electron gas." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97016.

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Анотація:

Experimental physics in the low temperature limit has consistently produced major advances for condensed matter research. Likewise, scanning probe microscopy offers a unique view of the nanometer scale features that populate the quantum landscape. This work discusses the merger of the two disciplines via the development of the Ultra Low Temperature Scanning Probe Microscope, the ULT-SPM. We focus on the novel characterization of an exotic condensed matter system: a deeply buried two dimensional electron gas with a cleaved edge overgrowth geometry. By coupling the dynamics of the force sensing probe microscope to the electrostatics of the electron gas, we can remotely and non-invasively measure charge transport features which are normally only observable using physically contacted electrodes. Focusing on the quantum Hall regime, we can exploit the high sensitivity of the local force sensor to study spatially dependent phenomena associated with electronic potential distributions. The instrument shows promise for many exciting experiments in which low temperatures, high magnetic ﬁelds, and local measurements are critical.Designed for operation at 50 mK, in magnetic ﬁelds reaching 16 T, many components of the instrument are not commercially available and were therefore designed and constructed in- house. As such, the intricate details of its design, construction and operation are documented thoroughly. This includes: the microscope assembly, the modular components such as the scan head and coarse motors, the electronics developed for controlling the instrument, and the general integration into the low temperature infrastructure. A quartz tuning fork is used as the force sensor in this instrument, enabling a wide selection between different modes of operation, the most relevant being electrostatic force microscopy. Noise limits are investigated and matched sources of experimental noise are identified. Detailed schematics of the instrument are also included.
La physique expérimentale aux limites des basses températures contribue constamment à des percées majeures dans le domaine de la matière condensée. Pour sa part, la microscopie à balayage de sonde offre la possibilité unique d'observer les éléments nanométriques qui car- actérisent le paysage quantique. Ce projet allie les avantages de ces deux disciplines par le développement d'un microscope à balayage de sonde opérant à très basse température (Ultra Low Temperature Scanning Probe Microscope), le « ULT-SPM. » Nous étudions en particulier un système exotique de la matière condensée : un gaz d'électrons bidimensionnel profondément enfoui, comportant une croissance latérale sur le bord clivé. Le couplage des forces dynamiques de la sonde du microscope et électrostatiques du gaz à électrons, nous permet de mesurer à distance et de façon non invasive, les caractéristiques de transport des charges, qui ne sont normalement observables qu'à l'aide d'électrodes et donc, par un contact physique. Dans le régime de l'effet Hall quantique, nous pouvons exploiter la grande sensibilité du capteur de force local pour étudier des phénomènes spatiodépendants associés aux distribu- tions de potentiel électronique. L'instrument se révèle prometteur pour la poursuite de nom- breuses expériences passionnantes où les conditions de basse température, champ magnétique élevé et mesures locales sont essentielles. Comme il est conçu pour fonctionner à 50 mK et sous un champ magnétique pouvant at- teindre 16 T, plusieurs composantes du microscope ne sont pas disponibles commercialement et ont donc été entièrement conçues et fabriquées sur place. Les détails intrinsèques de la con- ception, de la construction et du fonctionnement sont ainsi documentés à fond. Ceci inclut : l'assemblage du microscope, les composantes modulaires comme la tête de balayage et les mo- teurs, l'électronique des contrôles de l'instrument et l'intégration à l'infrastructure opérant à basse température. Dans cet instrument, un diapason de quartz fait ofﬁce de capteur, ce qui permet une grande ﬂexibilité quant aux différents modes d'opération, le plus utile étant la mi- croscopie de force électrostatique. Les limites de bruit sont étudiées et comparées aux sources de bruit expérimentales. Les schémas détaillés de l'instrument sont également inclus.

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43

Bolderson, J. A. "The variation with temperature of the coercivity of samarium cobalt magnets." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352598.

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44

Yang, Yifeng. "Studies on aspects of the critical current in high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315086.

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45

McMenamin, C. S. "Low temperature thermal measurements on cuprate superconductors in high magnetic fields." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260823.

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46

Burger, Florian. "The finite temperature QCD phase transition and the thermodynamic equation of state." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16679.

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Анотація:

In dieser Arbeit wird mit Hilfe der Gitter-Methode der Phasenübergang/Crossover bei nicht verschwindender Temperatur der Quantenchromodynamik mit zwei Quark Flavour untersucht sowie die thermodynamische Zustandsgleichung berechnet. Es wird dabei die Wilson twisted-mass Formulierung der Quark-Wirkung verwendet, welche hinsichtlich des Kontinuum-Limes eine automatische Verbesserung birgt. Erste belastbare Resultate mit dieser Wirkung bei endlicher Temperatur werden in dieser Arbeit gezeigt. Mehrere kleine Werte der Pion-Masse werden betrachtet mit dem Ziel, Aufschluss über die Ordnung des Phasenüberganges im chiralen Limes zu erhalten. Im Bereich der von uns simulierten Pion-Massen zwischen 300 und 700 MeV wird hierbei lediglich ein Crossover-Übergang beobachtet. Die Abhängigkeit der gemessenen Crossover-Temperatur von der Masse wird für eine Extrapolation zu verschwindender Masse hin verwendet unter der Annahme verschiedener Szenarien für den chiralen Limes. Dazu komplementär wird das chirale Kondensat, der Ordnungsparameter der spontanen Brechung der chiralen Symmetrie, vor dem Hintergrund der so genannten magnetischen Zustandsgleichung untersucht, welche das universelle Verhalten in der Nähe des Phasenüberganges für die Universalitätsklasse des O(4) Modells angibt. Hinsichtlich der Thermodynamik wird ausgehend von der Spur-Anomalie und unter Benutzung der Temperatur-Integral Methode der Druck und die Energiedichte im Crossover-Gebiet berechnet. Der Kontinuum-Limes der Spur-Anomalie wird mit mehreren Gitterdiskretisierungen der Temperatur Nt sowie unter Zuhilfenahme einer tree-level Korrektur untersucht.
In this thesis we report about an investigation of the finite temperature crossover/phase transition of quantum chromodynamics and the evaluation of the thermodynamic equation of state. To this end the lattice method and the Wilson twisted mass discretisation of the quark action are used. This formulation is known to have an automatic improvement of lattice artifacts and thus an improved continuum limit behaviour. This work presents first robust results using this action for the non-vanishing temperature case. We investigate the chiral limit of the two flavour phase transition with several small values of the pion mass in order to address the open question of the order of the transition in the limit of vanishing quark mass. For the currently simulated pion masses in the range of 300 to 700 MeV we present evidence that the finite temperature transition is a crossover transition rather than a genuine phase transition. The chiral limit is investigated by comparing the scaling of the observed crossover temperature with the mass including several possible scenarios. Complementary to this approach the chiral condensate as the order parameter for the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is analysed in comparison with the O(4) universal scaling function which characterises a second order transition. With respect to thermodynamics the equation of state is obtained from the trace anomaly employing the temperature integral method which provides the pressure and energy density in the crossover region. The continuum limit of the trace anomaly is studied by considering several values of Nt and the tree-level correction technique.

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47

Xiong, Weizhen. "Development of solid-state NO2 sensor for monitoring high temperature process emission." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439603.

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48

De, Silva Pinnaduwage Sisira Indika Pujitha Nanda. "The normal state thermoelectric power and Hall effect of high temperature superconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263528.

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49

Lambacher, Michael. "Crystal growth and normal state transport of electron doped high temperature superconductors." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/668416/668416.pdf.

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50

Jerem, Paul Michael. "Body surface temperature as an indicator of physiological state in wild birds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8298/.

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Анотація:

Understanding physiological processes is key to answering the questions of why organisms behave in the way they do, and how they interact with each other, and their environment. Despite technological innovations in recent decades, assessment of physiological state in free-living animals still generally requires subjects to be trapped and handled, so tissues or blood can be sampled, or so measurement devices can be attached or implanted. Such methods limit research to species and individuals that can be caught, potentially restricting the generalisability of findings, and introducing bias. Additionally, natural behaviours are interrupted, and subsequent physiology, behaviour or performance may be altered as a result of the stress of capture, the burden of attached apparatus, or the effects of surgery. Consequently, alternative techniques such as inferring physiological state from traits that do not require invasive sampling would be a valuable development. Body temperature is a particularly promising candidate trait, linked with an array of physiological functions, and having previously been used as a proxy for metabolic activity, stress state and immune challenge. With the advent of low cost, highly portable thermal imaging cameras, physiological ecologists are now presented with unprecedented opportunities to measure body surface temperature non-invasively, and at high frequencies from free-living animals. In this thesis, I investigated relationships between body surface temperatures, measured using thermal imaging from free-living blue tits or captive zebra finches, with physiological measures or situations relevant to the assessment of physiological state. I developed reliable thermal imaging techniques to take non-invasive measurements of body surface temperatures in a variety of contexts, allowing characterisation of physiological responses in real time. My studies of captive birds revealed that activity levels influence body surface temperatures measured from free moving animals, and so should be accounted for in experimental designs. I also successfully acquired body surface temperatures from overwintering blue tits visiting food-baited traps, and from breeding blue tits entering and leaving their nest. Using this data, I showed that body surface temperature exhibits a characteristic response to acute stress, which differs with stressor type. While the mechanisms require explanation, much potentially useful information appears to be stored within body surface temperature dynamics during acute stress. Additionally, I established links between body surface temperature and longer term physiological processes in free-living blue tits. I observed near identical correlations between body surface temperature and body condition across differing seasons and life history stages. Also, I found evidence suggesting both that repeated acute stressors (predation risk and human disturbance) had a chronic effect on body condition breeding blue tits, and that surface temperature in those birds was linked to body condition. If confirmed, these results would be particularly interesting in a conservation physiology context, as it may prove possible to detect a signal of persistent physiological effect(s) relating to human disturbance, non-invasively. Furthermore, my discovery of a further correlation between baseline plasma glucocorticoids and body surface temperature in overwintering birds implies links with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. All of these results combined suggest that body surface temperatures measured using thermal imaging are highly likely to prove useful in determining aspects of physiological state non-invasively from free-living animals. While further investigation and validations are necessary, this work has laid the foundations for an exciting new methodology that could help solve many questions that remain unanswerable using current techniques.

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