Дисертації з теми "Temperature log"
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Fuchs, Sven. "Well-log based determination of rock thermal conductivity in the North German Basin." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6780/.
Повний текст джерелаDie thermische Modellierung des geologischen Untergrundes ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug bei der Erkundung und Bewertung tiefliegender Ressourcen sedimentärer Becken (e.g., Kohlenwasserstoffe, Wärme). Die laterale und vertikale Temperaturverteilung im Untergrund wird, neben der Wärmestromdichte und der radiogenen Wärmeproduktion, hauptsächlich durch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit (WLF) der abgelagerten Gesteinsschichten bestimmt. Diese Parameter stellen die wesentlichen Eingangsgrößen für thermische Modelle dar. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der Bestimmung der Gesteins-WLF auf verschiedenen Skalen. Dies umfasst (1) laborative WLF-Messungen an mesozoischen Bohrkernproben, (2) die Evaluierung und Verbesserung der Prognosefähigkeit von Mischgesetzten zur Berechnung von Matrix- und Gesamt-WLF sedimentärer Gesteine, sowie (3) die Entwicklung neuer Prognosegleichungen unter Nutzung bohrlochgeophysikalischer Messungen und multivariater Analysemethoden im NGB. Im Nordostdeutschen Becken (NEGB) wurden für die wichtigsten geothermischen Reservoire des Mesozoikums (Aalen, Rhät-Lias-Komplex, Stuttgart Formation, Mittlerer Buntsandstein) Bohrkerne geothermischer Tiefbohrungen (bis 2.500 m Tiefe) auf Ihre thermischen und petrophysikalischen Eigenschaften hin untersucht. Die WLF mesozoischer Sandsteine schwankt im Mittel zwischen 2,1 und 3,9 W/(m∙K), die WLF der Gesteinsmatrix hingegen im Mittel zwischen 3,4 und 7,4 W/(m∙K). Neu berechnete Werte zur Oberflächenwärmestromdichte (e.g., 76 mW/m², Stralsund) stehen im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen früherer Studien im NEGB. Erstmals im NDB wurde für das mesozoisch/känozoischen Intervall am Standort Stralsund ein in-situ WLF-Profil berechnet. In-situ Formations-WLF, für als potentielle Modelschichten interessante, stratigraphische Intervalle, variieren im Mittel zwischen 1,5 und 3,1 W/(m∙K) und bilden eine gute Grundlage für kleinskalige (lokale) thermische Modelle. Auf Grund der in aller Regel nur eingeschränkt verfügbaren Bohrkernproben sowie des hohen laborativen Aufwandes zur Bestimmung der WLF waren alternative Methoden gesucht. Die Auswertung petrophysikalischer Bohrlochmessungen mittels mathematischer-statistischer Methoden stellt einen lang genutzten und erprobten Ansatz dar, welcher in seiner Anwendbarkeit jedoch auf die aufgeschlossenen Gesteinsbereiche (Genese, Geologie, Stratigraphie, etc.) beschränkt ist. Daher wurde ein leicht modifizierter Ansatz entwickelt. Die thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften der 15 wichtigsten gesteinsbildenden Minerale (in Sedimentgesteinen) wurden statistisch analysiert und aus variablen Mischungen dieser Basisminerale ein umfangreicher, synthetischer Datensatz generiert. Dieser wurde mittels multivariater Statistik bearbeitet, in dessen Ergebnis Regressionsgleichungen zur Prognose der Matrix-WLF für drei Gesteinsgruppen (klastisch, karbonatisch, evaporitisch) abgeleitet wurden. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden für ein Echtdatenset (laborativ gemessene WLF und Standardbohrlochmessungen) empirische Prognosegleichungen für die Berechnung der Gesamt-WLF entwickelt. Die berechneten WLF zeigen im Vergleich zu gemessenen WLF Fehler zwischen 5% und 11%. Die Anwendung neu entwickelter, sowie in der Literatur publizierter Verfahren auf den NGB-Datensatz zeigt, dass mit den neu aufgestellten Gleichungen stets der geringste Prognosefehler erreicht wird. Die Inversion neu berechneter WLF-Profile erlaubt die Ableitung synthetischer Temperaturprofile, deren Vergleich zu gemessenen Gesteinstemperaturen in einen mittleren Fehler von < 5% resultiert. Im Rahmen geothermischer Berechnungen werden zur Umrechnung zwischen Matrix- und Gesamt-WLF häufig Zwei-Komponenten-Mischmodelle genutzt (Arithmetisches Mittel, Harmonische Mittel, Geometrisches Mittel, Hashin-Shtrikman Mittel, Effektives-Medium Mittel). Ein umfangreicher Datensatz aus trocken- und gesättigt-gemessenen WLF und Porosität erlaubt die Evaluierung dieser Modelle hinsichtlich Ihrer Prognosefähigkeit. Diese variiert für die untersuchten Modelle stark (Fehler: 5 – 53%), wobei das geometrische Mittel die größte, quantitativ aber weiterhin unbefriedigende Übereinstimmungen zeigt. Die Entwicklung und Anwendung mischmodelspezifischer Korrekturgleichungen führt zu deutlich reduzierten Fehlern. Das korrigierte geometrische Mittel zeigt dabei, bei deutlich reduzierter Fehlerstreubreite, erneut die größte Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und gemessenen Werten und scheint ein universell anwendbares Mischmodel für sedimentäre Gesteine zu sein. Die Entwicklung modelunabhängiger, gesteinstypbezogener Konvertierungsgleichungen ermöglicht die Abschätzung der wassergesättigten Gesamt-WLF aus trocken-gemessener WLF und Porosität mit einem mittleren Fehler < 9%. Die präsentierten Daten und die neu entwickelten Methoden erlauben künftig eine detailliertere und präzisere Parametrisierung thermischer Modelle sedimentärer Becken.
Whisler, Bruce A. "A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the acoustical effect of cryogenic freezing on brass trumpets." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1238742.
Повний текст джерелаSchool of Music
Hsu, Chuan-liang. "Influence of cooling rate on glass transition temperature and starch retrogradation during low temperature storage /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924889.
Повний текст джерелаJacobi, Christoph, Nadja Samtleben, and Gunter Stober. "Meteor radar observations of mesopause region long-period temperature oscillations." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-212263.
Повний текст джерелаAguilar, Jaramillo Andrea Elizabeth. "Implicación de los genes de la familia RAV en el desarrollo floral." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393982.
Повний текст джерелаFlowering is probably the most important process in plant development since the perpetuation of the species depends on it. In Arabidopsis thaliana, floral induction is controlled by several genetic pathways that respond to environmental and endogenous stimuli. In our laboratory we have identified the TEMPRANILLO (TEM) genes as flowering repressors under both inductive long-day (LD, 16 hours of light) and noninductive short-day (SD, 8 hours of light) conditions. The TEM proteins belong to a family of transcription factors called RAV, characterized by the presence of two DNA binding domains, the APETALA2 (AP2) and B3 domains. In Arabidopsis this family is composed of 6 genes. Under LD the photoperiod pathway induces flowering mainly through activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), while under SD flowering depends mainly on the accumulation of gibberellins (GAs). TEM1 and TEM2 delay flowering under both conditions by directly repressing the expression of the FT, GA 3-OXIDASE 1 (GA3OX1) and GA3OX2 genes, the latter two genes being responsible for the biosynthesis of bioactive GA4. Therefore, TEM1 and TEM2 control flowering time through at least two of the genetic pathways that control floral induction: the photoperiod (Castillejo & Pelaz, 2008) and the GA pathway (Osnato et al, 2012). In this PhD thesis we aimed to deepen the role of TEM genes in other genetic pathways controlling flowering and other developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. There is a genetic pathway that responds to the age of the plant and prevents flowering at the juvenile phase. First there is a transition from the juvenile to the adult vegetative stage and then floral induction occurs. The microRNAs miR156 and miR172 are involved in the regulation of these phase transitions of plant development (Huijser & Schmid, 2011). MiR156 maintains the juvenile phase and delays the floral transition (Wu & Poeting, 2006; Wu et al, 2009), while miR156-target SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes and miR172 promote the transition to adulthood and floral induction. Our results show that TEM genes are involved in regulating various stages of the age-dependent pathway as they positively regulate miR156 and negatively regulate several SPL genes and miR172, thus delaying flowering. Therefore, TEM genes play a key role in responding to the age of the plant (Chapter 1, Aguilar-Jaramillo et al., manuscript in preparation). On the other hand, when Arabidopsis plants grow under LD at low ambient temperatures of 16°C, flowering is delayed relative to 22°C. Our results show that TEM genes act as repressors of FT and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) at 16°C. A gene that plays a key role in the response to low ambient temperatures is SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP). svp mutants are insensitive to temperature changes and flower early both under warm and cool temperatures. We have found that SVP positively regulates TEM2 expression at 16 °C under LD conditions, controlling flowering through TEM2 but also independently of TEM2 by directly repressing FT at low temperatures (Chapter 2; Marín-González et al, 2015). In addition, we have discovered the involvement of TEM in another developmental process, the initiation of trichomes. Trichomes are epidermal protrusions that protect the plant from water loss, insects and ultraviolet radiation. We show that TEM genes control the initiation of trichomes by directly repressing the epidermal genes that promote trichome initiation and, more interestingly, by controlling the accumulation and distribution of GAs in the mesophyll. This function of TEM genes reveals a key role of a cell layer, the mesophyll, in trichome differentiation in the outer adjacent cell layer, the epidermis (Chapter 3; Matías-Hernández et al, 2016).
Fernandez, Juan Manuel Carvajalino. "Tolerância ao congelamento em algumas espécies de anuros de América do Sul: mecanismos e estratégias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-18102017-131508/.
Повний текст джерелаThe geographical boundaries that mark the risk of freezing are determinants for amphibian biodiversity. The physiological mechanisms involved in the preparation and reaction to extreme temperature events are specific and depend on the predictability and repeatability of these events. In South America, there are regions with freezing risk for amphibians, however little is known about the freezing tolerance in endemic species to this continent. The present doctoral dissertation was prepared in places with freezing reports in Argentina and Brazil, using as biological models the species Alsodes gargola, Bokermanohyla gouveai, Dendrosophus minutus, D. microps, Hypsiboas latistriatus, H. polytaenius, Melanophryniscus moreirae, Pleurodema bufoninum, Ologygon brieni, Scinax duartei and S. hayii, evaluating potential exposure to freezing in thermal refuges, survival to freezing temperature, changes in cryoprotectant molecules (cholesterol, glucose, proteins, triglycerides, urea) and body ice growth. Within this context, my general hypothesis was that there are amphibians that survive freezing in South America and that these species present physiological mechanisms that should vary among species in a controlled freezing event. In the course of my doctorate, this hypothesis was confirmed, finding survival to freezing temperature in the species A. gargola, B. gouveai, D. microps, H. latistriatus, H. polytaenius, M. moreirae, P. bufoninum, S. duartei and S. hayii, being a wide variety of physiological strategies to protect the animals to the low temperatures. Among the previously reported species, D. microps, H. polytaenius, P. bufoninum, S. duartei, S. hayii, were defined as freezing tolerant because they exhibit both accumulation of cryoprotectants and body ice growth during freeze exposure. On the other hand using phylogenetic analyzes, it was possible to reinforce the hypotheses that the freezing tolerance strategy is convergent throughout the evolutionary history of the amphibians, happening independently in several clades. The new findings about physiological richness at the level of adaptations to freezing in South America are only small samples of what can be found within the biodiversity existing on this continent, so the present thesis is only an incentive for future work in the area
Samtleben, Nadja, and Christoph Jacobi. "Long-period oscillations derived from mesosphere/lower thermosphere meteor radar temperature measurements." Universität Leipzig, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16649.
Повний текст джерелаAuf der Grundlage von Messungen eines Meteorradars in Collm (51.3°N, 13°E), die in einer Höhe von 90 km erfolgten, was in etwa der Mesopause entspricht, wird die Temperatur hinsichtlich ihres Jahresganges und insbesondere ihrer Variationen in einem Messzeitraum von 10 Jahren analysiert. Der analysierte Zeitraum erstreckt sich von 2005 bis 2013. Anhand der Daten kann man den typischen Jahresgang der Temperatur in der Mesopausenregion erkennen. Die Temperatur erreicht im Sommer das Minimum bei etwa 130 K und im Winter das Maximum bei etwa 220 K. Zudem treten starke Tag-zu-Tag-Fluktuationen auf, die im Maximum 35 K betragen. Diese werden vermutlich durch planetare Wellenaktivität der Atmosphäre hervorgerufen. Hierbei spielen im Sommer die kurzwelligen und im Winter die langwelligen Oszillationen, letztere mit Perioden größer 7 Tage, die wesentliche Rolle. Ferner sind innerhalb des Messzeitraums zunehmende Amplituden von Oszillationen mit Perioden zwischen 4 und 6 Tagen (quasi 5-Tage-Welle) zu erkennen.
Bonthron, Björn, and Christian Jonsson. "Geogrids in cold climate : Temperature controlled tensile tests & Half-scale installation tests at different temperatures." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63204.
Повний текст джерелаMatthews, Jason E. "Thermoelectric and Heat Flow Phenomena in Mesoscopic Systems." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12108.
Повний текст джерелаLow-dimensional electronic systems, systems that are restricted to single energy levels in at least one of the three spatial dimensions, have attracted considerable interest in the field of thermoelectric materials. At these scales, the ability to manipulate electronic energy levels offers a great deal of control over a device's thermopower, that is, its ability to generate a voltage due to a thermal gradient. In addition, low-dimensional devices offer increased control over phononic heat flow. Mesoscale geometry can also have a large impact on both electron and phonon dynamics. Effects such as ballistic transport in a two-dimensional electron gas structure can lead to the enhancement or attenuation of electron transmission probabilities in multi-terminal junctions. The first half of this dissertation investigates the transverse thermoelectric properties of a four-terminal ballistic junction containing a central symmetry-breaking scatterer. It is believed that the combined symmetry of the scatterer and junction is the key component to understanding non-linear and thermoelectric transport in these junctions. To this end, experimental investigations on this type of junction were carried out to demonstrate its ability to generate a transverse thermovoltage. To aid in interpreting the results, a multi-terminal scattering-matrix theory was developed that relates the junction's non-linear electronic properties to its thermoelectric properties. The possibility of a transverse thermoelectric device also motivated the first derivation of the transverse thermoelectric efficiency. This second half of this dissertation focuses on heat flow phenomena in InAs/InP heterostructure nanowires. In thermoelectric research, a phononic heat flow between thermal reservoirs is considered parasitic due to its minimal contribution to the electrical output. Recent experiments involving heterostructure nanowires have shown an unexpectedly large heat flow, which is attributed in this dissertation to an interplay between electron-phonon interaction and phononic heat flow. Using finite element modeling, the recent experimental findings have provided a means to probe the electron-phonon interaction in InAs nanowires. In the end, it is found that electron-phonon interaction is an important component in understanding heat flow at the nanoscale. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: Dr. Richard Taylor, Chair; Dr. Heiner Linke, Advisor; Dr. David Cohen, Member; Dr. John Toner, Member; Dr. David Johnson, Outside Member
Falquetto, Paula Lyra 1987. "Desenvolvimento de uma bomba de calor doméstica para secagem de hortelã." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255768.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Falquetto_PaulaLyra_M.pdf: 2346097 bytes, checksum: 46b1d8899428de4582aaf03fa022871c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Diversos tipos de secagem tem sido utilizados para produtos termossensiveis. O proposito fundamental e a reducao dos custos de transporte, estocagem e o aumento da vida util. Ao mesmo tempo, ha um crescente interesse dos consumidores no uso de ervas e especiarias pelo sabor diferenciado nos alimentos preparados com as mesmas. Em secadores convencionais, o tratamento do ar resulta em temperaturas muito mais altas que a ambiente e umidades absolutas mais baixas, proporcionando maior perda de compostos responsaveis pela cor e sabor, entre outros, durante o processo. Em vista disso, o trabalho teve como objetivos o desenvolvimento e avaliacao de um sistema de tratamento de ar, baseado em uma bomba de calor que produz um ar a baixas temperaturas e pressao de vapor de agua, alimentando um gabinete de bandejas para uso domestico com adaptacao de um refrigerador comercial. Os ensaios foram realizados a pressao atmosferica dentro da cabine. Apos o tratamento do ar (desumidificacao do ar e posterior aquecimento, realizados pela bomba de calor), se obteve uma diferenca das condicoes do ar em comparacao ao ar ambiente de entrada de 22 a 26 oC na temperatura e de 36 a 69% da umidade relativa. O equipamento apresentou bom desempenho na secagem da hortela, produto escolhido para os ensaios, mostrando pouca diferenca na coloracao em relacao a amostra in natura. O tempo de secagem foi de aproximadamente 4 horas, quando se atingiu a umidade do produto desejada, em torno de 6%. O consumo energetico do equipamento no periodo do ensaio ficou em torno de 2 kWh para uma quantidade de 25 g de materia seca
Abstract: Different types of drying are being used for thermosensitive products. The fundamental purpose is the reduction of transportation and storage costs, and increasing of shelf life. At the same time, there is a growing consumer interest in the use of herbs and spices because of the differentiated flavor in distinct foods prepared with them. In conventional dryers air treatment results in higher temperatures that the ambient and lower absolute humidity providing greater loss of compounds responsible for the color and flavor among others during the process. This work had the objective of development and evaluation of an air treatment system, based on a heat pump that operates at low temperatures, feeding a tray cabinet for domestic use with adaptation of a commercial refrigerator. The tests were a source at atmospheric pressure inside the cabin. After treatment of the air (air dehumidification and subsequent heating was done by heat pump), obtaining a difference of air conditions of 22 to 26 °C in temperature and 36 to 69% of moisture with relation to ambient air (input air). The equipment presented good performance in mint drying, the product chosen for the tests, showing differences in coloring low in relation to the fresh sample. The drying time was approximately 4 hours when it has reached the desired product moisture around 6%. The energy consumption of equipment around the time of the test was around 2 kWh for a quantity of 25 g of dry matter
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos
Moen, Kurt Andrew. "Modeling of minority carrier recombination and resistivity in sige bicmos technology for extreme environment applications." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26642.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Cressler, John; Committee Member: Citrin, David; Committee Member: Shen, Shyh-Chiang. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Botelho-Almeida, Túlia de Souza. "Avaliação da eficácia e aplicabilidade de processo de esterilização por ozônio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-06122017-101241/.
Повний текст джерелаOzone (O3) can be considered the most potent natural germicide against microorganisms (in vegetative and spore forms) with high efficiency and speed, because of its highly oxidizing activity. Despite this, there are a few studies describing the application of ozone as a sterilizing agent of medical devices. The aim of this paper was to describe the development and validation of a sterilization cycle applied to medical devices. The sterilization process was challenged with Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 spores, which have shown great resistance. The sterilizing effect of ozone was measured using carriers inoculated with 106 spores, introduced into a 3 mL syringe and lumens of tubes of different sizes and diameters simulating hospital medical products, which have undergone a half-cycle or complete cycle. The validation process was confirmed by the satisfactory results for the half cycle, which indicate an appropriate sterility assurance level. Thus, one can consider the ozone sterilization process effective for medical devices. On the other hand, there was a need to evaluate the safety of ozone sterilization in terms of medical device materials in order to clarify the influence of ozone on the intrinsic characteristics of these materials. The samples were submitted to the complete cycle of sterilization and analysis by the \"in vitro\" cytotoxicity test and evaluation of the surface of the materials using ATR-FTIR spectrometry to clarify eventual of the process on a biocompatibility. Although the materials studied did not demonstrate a cytotoxic effect after being subjected to ozone sterilization, the surface of the polyethylene (PE) derivative demonstrated an oxidation band as a consequence of the action of the sterilizing agent.
Jelena, Purać. "Molekularne osnove otpornosti polarnih insekata na niske temperature." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=82067&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаThe ability of insects to adapt to diverse ecological conditions iswell documented; they are the most diverse fauna on earth, with different species occupying arange of terrestrial and aquatic habitats from the tropics to the poles. Understanding the mechanisms by which insects survive such extreme temperatures and retain viability for longperiods in the dormant state is of great interest to many scientific fields. Insects have evolved three main strategies to survive sub-zero temperatures: i) freeze tolerance, ii) freeze avoidance and iii) cryoprotective dehydration. The main biochemical compounds involved in surviving sub-zero temperatures are same for different strategies but their physiological role is different. They include: ice nucleating agents (INAs), cryo/ anhydroprotectants, and antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The aim of this study was to determine molecular adaptations to extreme cold environments, combining physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology pproaches, in thePolar Collembola: Cryptopygus antarcticus and Onychiurus arcticus. Both species are freeze avoiding but employ different strategies for surviving low temperatures. The Antarctic springtail C. antarcticusis capable of rapid cold hardening with a bi-modal distribution of super cooling points (SCP) with high (less cold-hardened) and low (more cold-hardened) groups of animals present even during the growing season in summer. This bimodal distribution has been well documented, but is poorly understood. The Arctic springtail O. arcticusemploys the strategy known as cryoprotective dehydration to survive winter temperatures as low as -25ºC. With this technique, the amount ofavailable water in the body is reduced to almost zero and also there is an accumulation of trehalose, which acts as a cryo/anhydroprotectant. Although cryoprotective dehydration has been described in other insects, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are poorly understood.A total of 16,379 EST clones were generated for O. arcticus and 1180 for C. antarcticus. This represents the first publicly available sequence data for this two species providing useful data for comparative genomic analysis. The fact that around 60% of the clones for both species showed no sequence similarity to annotated genes in the datasets, suggests a specific pattern of gene expression in these species as adaptation to low temperatures.Two microarrays were constructed to identify genes involved in surviving low temperatures, one for C. antarcticus by printing 672 clones in duplicate and the other for O. arcticus by printing 6912 clones in duplicate. An analysis of those where putative function could be inferred via database homology, in C. antarcticus there was aclear pattern of up-regulation of structural proteins being associated with the cold tolerant group. These structural proteins mainly comprised cuticle proteins and provide support for the recenttheory that summer SCP variation within Collembola species could be a consequence of moulting, with moulting population having lowered SCPs. In O. arcticus EST and microarrayanalysis revealed clones and biochemical pathways associated with cryoprotective dehydration with a particular reference to genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, aquaporin genes, heat shock proteins, LEA proteins and antioxidant enzymes.
Calder, Beth Louise. "The Use of Polyphosphates to Maintain Yield and Quality of Whole Cooked, Cryogenically Frozen Lobster (Homarus americanus) and the Use of Sorbitol and Tocopherol to Maintain Quality of Whole Cooked, Cryogenically Frozen Crab (Cancer irroratus)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CalderBL2003.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBurger, Marco. "Prediction of the temperature distribution in asphalt pavement samples." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50422.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The convection heat transfer coefficient between an infinite, horizontal surface and the natural environment is determined experimentally. It is shown that, during daytime, heat is transferred due to natural and forced convection, while during nighttime heat is transferred due to conduction and forced convection. Equations that correlate the daytime and nighttime convective heat transfer coefficients respectively, are presented. The results are compared with values obtained by other investigators. The equations for the convection heat transfer coefficient are then used to predict the surface temperature and the temperature at depth of asphalt pavement samples using a simulation model. It is found that there is good agreement between the measured and the predicted asphalt pavement sample temperatures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konveksie warmteoordrags-koëffisiënt tuseen 'n oneindige, horisontale oppervlak en die natuurlike omgewing is eksperimenteel bepaal. Daar word getoon dat warmte, tydens die dag, oorgedra word deur natuurlike en geforseerde konveksie, terwyl warmte tydens die nag oorgedra word deur geleiding en geforseerde konveksie. Die resultate word vergelyk met die resultate van ander navorsers. Vergelykings wat die konveksie warmteoordrags-koëffisiënt gedurende die dag en nag onderskeidelik korreleer word voorgestel. Die vergelykings vir die konveksie warmteoordrags-koëffisiënt word dan gebruik in 'n simulasiemodel om die oppervlaktemperatuur en die temperatuur onder die oppervlakte van asfalt-padoppervlakmonsters te voorspel.
Caparroz, Luís Felipe Vicentis. "Efeito da radiação em transistores 3D em baixas temperaturas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-28062017-155642/.
Повний текст джерелаThis master degree\'s dissertation aims to study the low temperature electrical behavior of tridimensional transistors on insulator (SOI FinFET) under the effects of proton radiation, through experimental methods and numeric simulations. Initially, it was compared the transistors\' behavior before and after they have been subjected to proton radiation, at room temperature. This analysis was performed for both p- and n-channel devices, studying how the analog parameters change after the devices are irradiated by protons with approximately 60 MeV energy. The effects of total ionization dose on SOI FinFET devices were studied. These effects are manifested in different, very often opposing ways for nMOS and pMOS transistors. The radiation effects on the subthreshold slope (SS) in pFinFETs, for example, resulted in a switching speed improvement, while the nFinFETs were degraded. Also, the negative shift in the threshold voltage (VT), as most of the oxide trapped charges are positive, made the pMOS transistors more immune to the parasitic current at the second interface, and, again, the nMOS ones had their characteristics degraded. The wide-fin transistors have a bigger oxide area beneath the silicon film, which results in a greater charge buildup. Hence, the parameter degradation was more substantial than for narrow-fin devices. Short-channel transistors are subject to short-channel effects and showed themselves more susceptible to proton irradiation at the subthreshold region. In addition to the basic parameter analysis, it was done a tradeoff analysis between three analog parameters: the transistor efficiency (gm/ID), the unit gain frequency (fT) and the intrinsic voltage gain (AV). They have been studied as a function of the inversion coefficient (IC), where it was possible to observe the devices\' behavior for each inversion regime and, after, the best tradeoff between the parameters, for a given application. At low temperature, it was also observed that while pFinFETs have a better performance when looking at digital parameters VTH and SS after irradiation, nFinFETs showed more immunity to proton radiation when analyzed from their analog parameter with a more stable response to low temperatures.
Huang, Chun. "An experimental investigation of low temperature plasma sterilization, treatment, and polymerization processes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4434.
Повний текст джерелаThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Haworth, Christopher. "The de Haas-van Alphen effect and the superconducting state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294551.
Повний текст джерелаWilson, Simon J. "Thermal profiles in oxygen vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) : modelling, observations and optimisation." Monash University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7766.
Повний текст джерелаMatsui, Jeferson Matsuji. "Estudo de degradação a baixa temperatura de cerâmicas Y-TZP/Al2O3 sintetizadas por coprecipitação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-06092017-102722/.
Повний текст джерелаThe yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) is used in dentistry for metal free prosthesis due to esthetics associated with a high mechanical performance. However, the presence of humid environment can cause an accelerated tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) phase transformation and consequent catastrophic failure of this material. This process is known as low temperature degradation (LTD) or aging. The kinetics of phase transformation is a function of the chemical composition of the ceramic and its microstructure. Considering that chemical methods allow the synthesis of nanometric zirconium-based ceramic powders, which microstructure of the sintered ceramic consists of submicrometric chemically homogeneous grains, and that the presence of alumina is indicated to delay the tetragonal phase degradation, the aim of this study was to verify the degradation at low temperature in humid environment of 3mol% yttria stabilized zirconia ceramics (Y-TZP) and the Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite prepared from coprecipitated powders. The addition of alumina at Y-TZP was studied in the range of 0.05 to 20wt%. The efficiency of the developed process was verified by the evaluation of the physical characteristics of the obtained powders (granulometry, specific surface area, agglomeration state and crystalline structure). The ceramic samples were pressed, sintered and submitted to apparent density and microstructure evaluation. After the initial characterization of the ceramics, the in vitro degradation of the samples was studied in a hydrothermal pressurized reactor at 150°C. The samples (n = 4) were submitted to X-ray diffraction analysis according to the aging time, followed by the determination of the kinetic curve of phase transformation. The Rietveld Method was employed to determine the percentage of each crystalline phase. The relationship between the aging time and the percentage of monoclinic phase was determined by the Johnson- Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorow equation (JMAK). After 70 hours aging at 150°C, all the alumina-containing samples presented a lower concentration of monoclinic phase, compared to the Y-TZP ceramics, which monoclinic phase concentration was 66.5%. The lower percentages of monoclinic phase after hydrothermal aging were obtained with the addition of 10%wt and 20 wt% alumina in the zirconia matrix (59.1% and 52.9%, respectively). This behavior is due to the lower concentration of zirconia in the composite containing alumina. In this point of view beneficial effect due to alumina addition occurs in the early stage of aging.
Schoene, Elizabeth A. 1979. "Cold atom control with an optical one-way barrier." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11067.
Повний текст джерелаThe research presented in this dissertation aims to contribute to the field of atom optics via the implementation and demonstration of an all-optical one-way barrier for 87 Rb atoms--a novel tool for controlling atomic motion. This barrier--a type of atomic turnstile--transmits atoms traveling in one direction but hinders their passage in the other direction. We create the barrier with two laser beams, generating its unidirectional behavior by exploiting the two hyperfine ground states of 87 Rb. In particular, we judiciously choose the frequency of one beam to present a potential well to atoms in one ground state (the transmitting state) and a potential barrier to atoms in the other state (the reflecting state). The second beam optically pumps the atoms from the transmitting state to the reflecting state. A significant component of the experimental work presented here involves generating ultra-cold rubidium atoms for demonstrating the one-way barrier. To this end, we have designed and constructed a sophisticated 87 Rb cooling and trapping apparatus. This apparatus comprises an extensive ultra-high vacuum system, four home-built, frequency-stabilized diode laser systems, a high-power Yb:fiber laser, a multitude of supporting optics, and substantial timing and control electronics. This system allows us to cool and trap rubidium atoms at a temperature of about 30 μK. The results presented in this dissertation are summarized as follows. We successfully implemented a one-way barrier for neutral atoms and demonstrated its asymmetric nature. We used this new tool to compress the phase-space volume of an atomic sample and examined its significance as a physical realization of Maxwell's demon. We also demonstrated the robustness of the barrier's functionality to variations in several important experimental parameters. Lastly, we demonstrated the barrier's ability to cool an atomic sample, substantiating its potential application as a new cooling tool. This dissertation includes previously published coauthored material.
Committee in charge: Dr. Hailin Wang, Chair; Dr. Daniel A. Steck, Research Advisor; Dr. Jens U. Nockel; Dr. David M. Strom; Dr. Jeffrey A. Cina
Thornhill, Lindsey Dorough. "Boundary layers in dense, low-temperature plasmas." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17029.
Повний текст джерелаSmarra, Devin A. "Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) Substrate for High Temperature Microelectronics." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1493386231571894.
Повний текст джерелаFernandes, CÃsar Rodrigues. "Espalhamento Raman dependente da temperatura em cristais de Ãcido DL-aspÃrtico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4865.
Повний текст джерелаNesta dissertaÃÃo sÃo apresentados resultados de espalhamento Raman em cristais de Ãcido DL-aspÃrtico sob diversas condiÃÃes de temperatura. O Ãcido DL-aspÃrtico (C4H7NO4) cristaliza-se no grupo espacial C2h6 com oito molÃculas por cÃlula unitÃria, existindo portanto 128 Ãtomos na cÃlula unitÃria que darÃo origem a 384 modos normais de vibraÃÃo. Destes um total de 192 modos sÃo Raman ativos, que poderiam ser observados nos espectros nÃo polarizados, mas que por diversos fatores apenas parte desses modos à observada. Fez-se a identificaÃÃo tentativa de todos os modos normais de vibraÃÃo que aparecem no intervalo espectral entre 50 e 3200cm-1 e um estudo com variaÃÃo de temperatura entre 10 e 433K. O intervalo compreendido entre 0 e 150 cm-1 à de extrema importÃncia para detecÃÃes de transiÃÃes de fase estrutural pois contÃm os modos de vibraÃÃo da rede. No caso do Ãcido DL-aspÃrtico ocorreu uma inversÃo de intensidade para os modos em 82 e 87 cm-1, considerando os extremos do intervalo de temperatura medido. Tal inversÃo foi interpretada como uma pequena mudanÃa conformacional, nada associado a transiÃÃo. Com exceÃÃo desse fato nÃo ocorreram anomalias, nem aparecimento ou surgimento de modos nessa regiÃo, o que apontou para a estabilidade do material. Outro evento ocorreu nessa regiÃo: as bandas em 116 e 132 cm-1, bastante distintas a baixÃssimas temperaturas (< 150 K) tornam-se indistinguÃveis a 200 K. Tal fato nÃo pode ser associado a uma transiÃÃo de fase pois o prÃprio alargamento das linhas, consequÃncia do aumento da temperatura, implica a superposiÃÃo dos modos. Some-se a isso o fato de que nas vibraÃÃes de torÃÃo do NH3 e rocking do CO2â (modos associados Ãs ligaÃÃes de hidrogÃnio) ter-se observado linearidade nas curvas frequÃncia-temperatura. Por fim realizou-se um estudo de calorimetria diferencial de varredura, confirmando-se o que havia sido observado pela espectroscopia Raman â a estabilidade da estrutura em todo o intervalo de temperatura investigado.
This dissertation presents the results of Raman scattering in crystals of DL-aspartic acid under various temperature conditions. The DL-aspartic acid (C4H7NO4) crystallizes in space group C2h6 with eight molecules per unit cell, so there are 128 atoms in the unit cell that give rise to 384 normal modes of vibration. Of these modes a total of 192 modes are Raman active, which could be observed in not polarized spectra, but by various factors only some of these modes are observed. We did an attempt identification of all normal modes of vibration that appears in the spectral range between 50 and 3200cm-1 and a study with variation in temperature between 10 and 433 K. The interval between 0 and 150 cm-1 is extremely important for detection of phase transitions because it contains the structural modes of vibration of the lattice. In the case of DL-aspartic acid there was a reversal of intensity for the modes at 82 and 87 cm-1, in considering the extremes of temperature interval measured. This reversal was interpreted as a small conformational change, not associated with a phase transition. With exception of this reversal there were not anomalies, not appearance or disappearance of modes in this region, which pointed to the stability of the material. Another event occurred in this region: the bands at 116 and 132 cm-1, very different at very low temperatures (< 150 K) become indistinguishable at 200 K. This fact can not be associated with a phase transition because the broadening of bands, arising from increasing temperatures, implies the superposition of modes. Added to this there is the fact that the torsional vibrations of the NH3+ and rocking of CO2- (modes associated with hydrogen bonds) behaved linearly in frequency-temperature curves. Finally we did a study of differential scanning calorimetry, which confirmed what had been observed by Raman spectroscopy - the stability of the structure throughout the temperature range investigated.
Hay, Duncan C. "Zircon behaviour in low temperature environments." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/70/.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences , University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
Freeland, Chad Lee. "Low Temperature Drying of Ultrafine Coal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76750.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Rehn-Molin, Lotta. "Long-term Stability Analysis of Antenna Temperature & Brightness Temperature from ESA's SMOS Satellite." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik och Geodesi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35299.
Повний текст джерела施碧紅 and Bihong Shi. "Long-term responses of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes to high temperature." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128729.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Tianbing. "Operation of SiGe BiCMOS Technology Under Extreme Environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7559.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Liyuan. "Spin Transport In Aluminum Grains and Single Debye Relaxation In BST nanoparticles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16160.
Повний текст джерелаCarney, John Paul. "Non linear damping by ballistic quasiparticles in superfluid '3HE-#beta#." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253496.
Повний текст джерелаJackson, Douglas Anthony. "Experiments on a dilute '3He-'4He solution in a large magnetic field gradient." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384881.
Повний текст джерелаWhite, Jeremy Philip. "A PrNiâ†5 refrigerator developed for nuclear orientation below 1mK." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302870.
Повний текст джерелаHornett, Samuel Martyn. "Non-equilibrium phenomena in graphene." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13022.
Повний текст джерелаChurch, Rosemary Jane. "Properties of '3He-'4He mixtures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329879.
Повний текст джерелаSale, Martin William Briddon. "The assessment of the photo response efficiency of the silver halide component in a photo-thermographic material." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263935.
Повний текст джерелаMossavati, Ruzbeh. "Use of '1'9F NMR thermometry in the investigation of magnetic textures in superfluid '3He-A." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329594.
Повний текст джерелаRyder, J. "An experimental investigation into the electrical transport properties of Laâ†2CuOâ†4â†+â†#delta# and Ndâ†2CuOâ†4â†+â†#delta#." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279724.
Повний текст джерелаKent, Anthony Joseph. "An NMR study of adsorbed helium films." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/5ad7ff53-aea8-4649-8129-e8ce47a5c292/1/.
Повний текст джерелаFarrokhpanah, Sonia. "Design of heat integrated low temperature distillation systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:228854.
Повний текст джерелаBiasotto, Cleber. "Processos alternativos para micro e nanotecnologia." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260856.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Atualmente para atender à necessidade de fabricação dos sensores, dispositivos eletrônicos e circuitos integrados com dimensões micro e nanométricas, novos processo de custos e de thermal budgets reduzidos são necessários. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de alguns destes novos processos alternativos para aplicação nesta fabricação. O trabalho está dividido em quatro partes: a primeira parte apresenta a obtenção e a caracterização de filmes isolantes de nitreto de silício para aplicação em microsensores, tais como o sensor de pressão. Estes filmes foram obtidos sobre substratos de Si em baixa temperatura (20°C) utilizando-se um reator de plasma do tipo ECRCVD (Electron Cyclotron Resonance - Chemical Vapor Deposition). Normalmente reatores do tipo Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) ou Plasma Enhanced - CVD (PECVD) em temperaturas maiores que 600ºC e 250ºC, respectivamente, são utilizados para essa aplicação. A caracterização dos plasmas ECR, que foram usados para as deposições dos nitretos, e a fabricação de membranas suspensas com estes filmes são apresentadas. A segunda parte apresenta a fabricação e a caracterização de diodos p+-n fabricados em camada de SiGe crescida por LPCVD sobre substrato de Si. Processo este alternativo em substituição aos executados em reatores epitaxiais de alto custo. Na terceira parte deste trabalho, é apresentado o desenvolvimento de processos em baixa temperatura para aplicação em diodos e tecnologia MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor). São apresentadas a fabricação e a caracterização elétrica dos capacitores MOS, utilizando as tecnologias ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) e ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) para a obtenção em baixa temperatura dos dielétricos high-k de Al2O3 e SiON de porta MOS, respectivamente. Na quarta parte, são apresentadas também, a fabricação e a caracterização elétrica de diodos n+p utilizando a tecnologia de recozimento a laser. O desenvolvimento de capacitores MOS e diodos possibilitou a fabricação (usando processos em baixa temperatura (?400oC)) de n- e p-MISFETs (Metal- Insulator-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors), como também a fabricação de um protótipo de transistor MOS de alta velocidade baseado em silício germânio chamado D-DotFET (Disposable Dot Field Effect Transistor). Os processos alternativos desenvolvidos nesta tese apresentam um enorme potencial para aplicação nas próximas gerações de dispositivos CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) de dimensões sub-22 nm
Abstract: Nowadays, to attend the needs of the fabrication of sensors, electronic devices and integrated circuits with dimensions of micro and nanometrics, new processes of reduced costs and thermal budgets are needed. This work presents the development of some of these alternative processes for this fabrication. This work is divided in four parts: the first part presents the synthesis and characterization of insulating films of silicon nitride for application in microsensors, such as pressure sensors. These films were deposited on Si substrates at low temperature (20°C) using an ECR-CVD (Electron Cyclotron Resonance - Chemical Vapor Deposition) plasma reactor. Normally, Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) or Plasma Enhanced CVD - (PECVD) reactors are used for this application with high temperature process higher than 600oC and 250oC, respectively. The characterization of ECR plasmas, which were used to get the silicon nitrides, and the fabrication of suspended membranes based on these nitrides are presented. The second part presents the fabrication and the characterization of p+-n silicon germanium (SiGe) diodes fabricated on SiGe layers, which were grown by LPCVD on Si substrate. The grown of SiGe layers by LPCVD is an alternative process to replace the high cost of epitaxial reactors. In the third part of this work is presented the development of low-temperature processes for application in diodes and MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) technology. The fabrication at low temperature and electrical characterization of MOS capacitors, using technologies as: ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) to get the Al2O3 and SiON high-k gate dielectrics of MOS capacitors are presented, respectively. In the four part, the fabrication and electrical characterization of n+-p diodes using the process of laser annealing are presented as well. The development of MOS capacitors and diodes have become feasible the fabrication (using processes at low temperature (? 400oC)) of n- and p-MISFETs (Metal- Insulator -Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) and also the fabrication of a high speed MOS transistor prototype based on silicon germanium named D-DotFET (Disposable Dot Field Effect Transistor). In conclusion, the alternative processes developed in this thesis have shown to be a huge potential for application in next generations of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) devices with sub- 22 nm dimensions
Doutorado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Santos, Adriana Brombini dos 1979. "Estudo da deposição de lignina em genótipos de cana-de-açúcar sob condição de déficit hídrico e baixa temperatura." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315465.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), uma gramínea C4, representa uma abundante e promissora fonte de biomassa vegetal para a produção de biocombustíveis. O uso da biomassa para a conversão em etanol é limitada pela recalcitrância do material lignocelulósico, principalmente, devido à presença da lignina. O conteúdo e a composição da lignina variam entre diferentes táxons, tipos celulares e podem ser afetados por diversos fatores ambientais. Considerando a demanda mundial por fontes de energia renovável e o alto potencial da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar para a produção de etanol celulósico, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do déficit hídrico e da baixa temperatura sobre a deposição de lignina no colmo em diferentes genótipos de cana. Os resultados obtidos para o conteúdo de lignina somados à caracterização anatômica da lignina no caule indicaram que as plantas IACSP94-2094 são mais lignificadas que IACSP95-5000, sob condições normais de crescimento, o que foi principalmente associado aos maiores teores de lignina na região do córtex dos entrenós maduros. O déficit hídrico influenciou negativamente a produção de biomassa nas plantas de cana e o genótipo IACSP94-2094 foi mais fortemente afetado, o que poderia estar relacionado à severidade do estresse ou a maior suscetibilidade desse genótipo durante a fase de alongamento do caule. O déficit hídrico induziu alterações significativas nos níveis de expressão dos genes da biossíntese de lignina, aumentando em cerca de 60 % o conteúdo de lignina na medula jovem, o que foi positivamente relacionado ao acúmulo de transcritos dos genes Sh4CL2 e ShCOMT1 em ambos os genótipos. Paralelamente, este estudo caracterizou alguns aspectos da lignificação do caule em dois outros genótipos de cana-de-açúcar sob condição de baixa temperatura. Verificou-se que as plantas IACSP04-627 apresentaram maior produtividade média por planta (massa fresca do caule) que IACSP04-065 sob condição referência. O frio afetou negativamente o crescimento das plantas e, aparentemente, IACSP04-065 mostrou-se mais sensível às baixas temperaturas que o outro genótipo. O teor de lignina foi significativamente aumentado no córtex jovem do genótipo IACSP04-627 em resposta às baixas temperaturas, o que não pode ser diretamente correlacionado ao perfil de expressão dos genes da biossíntese de monolignóis. O conteúdo de lignina no córtex do entrenó maduro foi reduzido nas plantas IACSP04-065 expostas ao frio, o que poderia estar correlacionado ao baixo nível de expressão dos genes ShCOMT1 e ShCCoAOMT1. A maior expressão de ShF5H ocorreu preferencialmente na medula madura em ambos os genótipos de cana, o que possivelmente estaria relacionado à formação precoce da parede celular secundária induzida pelo frio. Em conclusão, verificou-se que o déficit hídrico parece estar relacionado ao aumento do teor de lignina nos entrenós jovens da cana-de-açúcar em ambos os genótipos; já na condição de baixa temperatura, o nível de expressão gênica não mostrou relação nítida com as alterações nos teores de lignina no caule, que apresentaram um padrão de deposição genótipo-dependente
Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) a C4 grass, is an abundant and promising source of plant biomass for biofuel production. The use of biomass for conversion to ethanol is limited by the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic material mainly due to the presence of lignin. The content and composition of lignin varies between different taxa, cell types and can be affected by various environmental factors. Given the global demand for renewable energy sources and high potential of sugarcane biomass to produce cellulosic ethanol, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought and low temperature on the deposition of lignin in the stem in different sugarcane genotypes. The results obtained for lignin and the anatomical characterization of lignin in the stem indicated that IACSP94-2094 plants are more lignified than IACSP95-5000 under normal growth conditions, which was mainly associated with higher lignin contents in the rind region of mature internodes. Water deficit negatively affected the biomass production in sugarcane plants and IACSP94-2094 genotype was more strongly affected, what might be related with the severity of stress or increased susceptibility of this genotype during the stem elongation. Drought induced significant changes in expression levels of lignin biosynthesis genes, increasing by about 60% the lignin content in young pith which was positively related to the accumulation of transcripts of Sh4CL2 and ShCOMT1 genes in both genotypes. Simultaneously, this study characterized some aspects of lignification of the stem into two other genotypes of sugarcane under the condition of low temperatures. It was found that the IACSP04-627 plants showed higher average yield per plant (fresh weight of the stem) that IACSP04-065 under reference condition. The cold negatively affected plant growth and apparently IACSP04-065 was more sensitive to low temperatures than the other genotype. The lignin content was significantly increased in young rind of IACSP04-627 genotype in response to low temperature, which can not be directly correlated to the expression profile of monolignols biosynthesis genes. Lignin content in mature rind was reduced in IACSP04-065 plants exposed to cold, which could be correlated to the low level of expression of ShCOMT1 and ShCCoAOMT1 genes. The high expression of ShF5H occurred preferentially in mature pith of both sugarcane genotypes, which possibly is related to the early formation of the secondary cell wall was induced by cold. In conclusion, it was found that water deficit appears to be related to the lignin content increased in young internodes of sugarcane in both genotypes; in the condition of low temperature, the level of gene expression showed no clear correlation with changes in lignin content in the stem, which showed a pattern of deposition genotype-dependent
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutora em Biologia Vegetal
Daine, Robert John. "Temperature Dependence of Current Transport in Metal-SWNT Structures." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438958818.
Повний текст джерелаAlhasan, Ahmad Abdulraheem. "Low Temperature Characterization of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374676401.
Повний текст джерелаSaiedi, Mohammad Reza. "Behaviour of CFRP-Prestressed Concrete Beams under Sustained Loading and High-Cycle Fatigue at Low Temperature." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5365.
Повний текст джерелаBashiyo-Silva, Cristiane. "Criopreservação de embriões de Astyanax altiparanae influência dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados na resistência dos embriões ao frio, aos crioprotetores e a vitrificação. /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157336.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: O objetivo deste trabalho a incorporação de ácidos graxos essenciais nas membranas dos embriões de Astyanax altiparanae, visando a determinação de protocolos para a crioconservação de embriões desta espécie de peixe neotropical.Para realização do experimento foram selecionados 2400 espécimes deA. altiparanae. Um grupo foi alimentado com ração comum, denominado de Ração Comercial (RC), e outro alimentado com ração comum acrescida de 5% de óleo de peixe marinho, denominado de Ração Comercial com Óleo de peixe marinho (RC+O). No Capítulo I, foi realizado análise de ácidos graxos no fígado, gônada e embrião. E verificado a mobilização destes ácidos graxos e sua influência. No Capítulo IIverificamos a permeabilização do córion nos embriões quando expostos a solução de pronase-E 25mg/mL, por períodos de 10, 20, 30s. Também foi analisado a sensibilidade dos embriões RC e RC+O aos crioprotetores. Os embriões foram expostos a soluções de propileno glicol, metanol, dimetil sulfóxido, dimetil, formamida, dimetil acetamida e glicerol, por 20 minutos. Verificou-se a taxa de eclosão e viabilidade das larvas após a eclosão. No Capítulo III os embriões do grupo RC e RC+O foram vitrificados em solução de propileno glicol 5M, na fase de seis somitos.No capítulo IV buscou-se o resfriamento dos embriões de RC e RC+O a tempeturas de 15°C, 5°C e 0°C, por um período de 12h. Os embriões foram expostos a soluções sem crioprotetor, com propileno glicol 1M e 2M.
Abstract: The objective of this work was the incorporation of essential fatty acids in the membranes of the embryos of Astyanax altiparanae, aiming the determination of protocols for the cryopreservation of embryos of this neotropical fish species. For the experiment, 2400 specimens of A. altiparanae were selected. One group was fed with common ration, called Commercial Ration (CR), and the other was fed with common ration plus 5% of marine fish oil, called Commercial Ration with Marine Fish Oil (CR + O). In Chapter I, analysis of fatty acids in the liver, gonad and embryo was performed. And we verified the mobilization of these fatty acids and their influence. In Chapter II we verified the permeabilization of the chorion in the embryos when exposed to 25mg / mL pronase-E solution, for periods of 10, 20, 30s. The sensitivity of the CR and CR + O embryos to the cryoprotectants was also analyzed. The embryos were exposed to solutions of propylene glycol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl, formamide, dimethyl acetamide and glycerol for 20 minutes. The hatch rate and viability of the larvae after hatching were checked. In Chapter III the embryos of the CR and CR + O group were vitrified in 5M propylene glycol solution in the six somites phase. In Chapter IV, the cooling of the CR and CR + O embryos was sought at temperatures of 15 ° C, 5 ° C and 0 ° C for a period of 12 hours. The embryos were exposed to cryoprotectant solutions with 1M and 2M propylene glycol.
Doutor
Patekar, Kaustubh A. (Kaustubh Ashok) 1974. "Long term degradation of resin for high temperature composites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47674.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).
The durability of polymer matrix composites exposed to harsh environments is a major concern. Surface degradation and damage are observed in polyimide composites used in air at 125-300°C. It is believed that diffusion of oxygen into the material and oxidative chemical reactions in the matrix are responsible. Previous work has characterized and modeled diffusion behavior, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) have been carried out in nitrogen, air, and oxygen to provide quantitative information on thermal and oxidative reactions. However, the model developed using these data was not able to capture behavior seen in isothermal tests, especially those of long duration. A test program that focuses on lower temperatures and makes use of isothermal tests was undertaken to achieve a better understanding of the degradation reactions under use conditions. A new, low-cost technique was developed to collect chemical degradation data for isothermal tests lasting over 200 hours in the temperature range 125-300°C. Results indicate complex behavior not captured by the previous TGA tests, including the presence of weight-adding reactions. Weight gain reactions dominated in the 125-225°C temperature range, while weight loss reactions dominated beyond 225°C. The data obtained from isothermal tests was used to develop a new model of the material behavior. This model was able to fully capture the behavior seen in the tests up to 275°C. Correlation of the current model with both isothermal data at 300 °C and high rate TGA test data is mediocre. At 300°C and above, the reaction mechanisms appear to change. Attempts (which failed) to measure non-oxidative degradation indicate that oxidative reactions dominate the degradation at low temperatures. Based on this work, long term isothermal testing in an oxidative atmosphere is recommended for studying the degradation behavior of this class of materials.
by Kaustubh A. Patekar.
S.M.
Shi, Bihong. "Long-term responses of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes to high temperature." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128729.
Повний текст джерелаTsagli, Kelvin Xorla. "Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Spectra in Polystyrene." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1625744248503334.
Повний текст джерелаKhandekar, Sameer Sudhakar. "Design and construction of a magnetic force microscope." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2435.
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