Дисертації з теми "Temperate coast"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Temperate coast".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Longabach, Leslie Jaye. "Movement of Selected Nearshore Temperate Reef Fishes Along California's Central Coast." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/401.
Повний текст джерелаTecchiato, Sira. "Sediment dynamics of a temperate water carbonate system of the midwestern Australian coast." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/21.
Повний текст джерелаHerbert, Roger J. H. "Testing hypotheses related to changes in abundance and distribution of warm-temperate invertebrates on rocky shores along the South coast of England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342772.
Повний текст джерелаAffeld, Kathrin. "Spatial complexity and microclimatic responses of epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna in the canopy of northern rata (Metrosideros robusta A. Cunn.: Myrtaceae) on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/771.
Повний текст джерелаMorvillez, Thierry. "Monitoring temperature variability along the California Coast using Acoustic Tomography." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341180.
Повний текст джерела"September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Ching-Sang Chiu, Curtis A. Collins. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-36). Also available online.
Thomas, Andrew Charles. "Relationships between near-surface plankton distributions, hydrography, and satellite measured sea surface thermal patterns." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29440.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
Trapnes, Siri Hofstad. "Optimal Temperature Control of Rooms for Minimum Energy Cost." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemisk prosessteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22416.
Повний текст джерелаDubois, Joël. "The influence of conditioning on internal checking of high-temperature dried Pacific Coast hemlock." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29750.
Повний текст джерелаForestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Cohen, Anne Louise. "A holocene sea surface temperature record in mollusc shells from the South African coast." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22468.
Повний текст джерелаBibliography: pages 140-163.
This thesis describes the construction of a Holocene history of sea surface temperatures in coastal regions of the southern Benguela and eastern Agulhas Bank of South Africa, using marine mollusc shells preserved in archaeological middens. Two independent palaeothermometers were employed: the traditional oxygen isotope technique and a new, alternative technique based on temperature-dependent changes in structure and mineralogy of the shell of a South African limpet species, Patella granularis. The relationship between the isotopic and structural aspects of shell composition, and habitat temperature was confirmed through examination of living populations.
Rago, Thomas A. Collins Curtis A. Steger John. "Hydrographic data along the California coast from Pigeon Point to Cape San Martin May through July 1966 /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36981499.html.
Повний текст джерела"January 1997." "Prepared for: Oceanographer of the Navy, OPNAV 096, Washington, DC 20392-5421." "NPS-OC-97-002." Includes bibliographical references (p. 152).
Wilk, Gregory. "Liquid metal based high temperature concentrated solar power: Cost considerations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54937.
Повний текст джерелаGreenwood, Karin C. "Sea surface temperatures around the souhtern [i.e. southern] African coast : climatological aspects and applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53583.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The oceanic and meteorological systems that characterize the southern African coastline are well-documented. In this thesis, these characteristics have been considered in conjunction with the analysis of a unique set of sea surface temperature (SST) data, obtained from measuring sites around the southern African coast, to determine the variability of SSTs in the immediate coastal region of southern Africa, and to demonstrate how this variability impacts on marinerelated economic activities. As part of the analysis process, various statistical techniques have been applied to the data over different time periods to establish the extent of the spatial variability of SSTs along the southern African coastline. From the results it has been possible to identify three distinctly different 'climatological' regions around the southern African coast; viz a cooler west coast region with a low annual and seasonal SST variability and a higher variability from day-ta-day, a warmer east coast region with a higher annual and seasonal SST variability and a lower variability from day-ta-day; and a temperate south coast region with a highly erratic annual, seasonal and day-ta-day SST variability. Furthermore, it has been possible to identify, albeit small, the existence of a high and a low frequency signal of 12-15 days and 40-60 days, respectively, in the three different regions. There is also evidence of the periodic occurrence of anomalously warm and cold SST events in all three regions, and a probability of <1.1% of a day-ta-day SST anomaly of >3°C (+3°C or- 3°C) occurring anywhere along the southern African coastline. The general causes of SST change have been discussed within the context of the heat budget equation. Furthermore, the effects of the variability of SST on the climate and marine life around southern Africa and the resulting impact on the various marine-related economic activities (such as aquaculture, air-sea rescue and power stations) have been identified, and shown to be both positive and negative.Finally, it should be noted, that economic infonnation relating to marine activities is closely guarded due to inter-industry competition. It has therefore been difficult to quantify the exact impact of the effects of SST variability on these activities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oseaniese en weerkundige stelsels wat die kuslyn van suidelike Afrika kenmerk is goed gedokumenteer. Die stelselkenmerke is in hierdie verhandeling ondersoek aan die hand van 'n unieke datastel van seeoppervlaktemperature (SST) afkomstig van meetplekke aan die kus van suidelike Afrika, ten einde die veranderlikheid van SST in die onmiddelike kusomgewing van suidelike Afrika vas te stel, asook om te demonstreer hoe hierdie veranderlikheid inwerk op seeverwante ekonomiese aktiwiteite. As deel van die proses van analise is verskeie statistiese metodes gebruik om die data oor verskeie tydperke te ontleed ten einde die omvang van ruimtelike veranderlikheid van SSTs langs die kus van suidelike Afrika te bepaal. Uit die resultate was dit moontlik om drie duidelike onderskeibare 'klimatologiese' streke aan die kus van suidelike Afrika te identifiseer; te wete 'n koeler weskusstreek met 'n lae jaarlikse en seisoenale SST-veranderlikheid en hoër dag-tot-dag veranderlikheid, 'n warmer ooskusstreek met 'n hoër jaarlikse en seisoenale SST-veranderlikheid en laer dag-tot-dag verandelikheid; asook 'n gematigde suidkusstreek met 'n hoogs wisselvallige jaarlikse, seisoenale en dag-totdag SST-veranderlikheid. Dit was verder moontlik om, alhoewel klein, die bestaan van lae en hoë frekwensie seine van 12-15 dae en 40-60 dae onderskeidelik in die drie streke te identifiseer. Daar is ook tekens van die periodieke voorkoms van anomale warm en koue SSTgebeurtenisse in al drie streke en 'n waarskynlikheid van <1.1% van die voorkoms van 'n dagtot- dag SST-anomaliteit van >3°C (+3°C of -3°G) op enige plek langs die suider Afrikaanse kuslyn. Die algemene oorsake van veranderings in SST is bespreek binne die konteks van die formule vir die behoud van hitte-energie. Die invloed van SST-veranderlikheid op die klimaat en die seelewe om suidelike Afrika en die gevolglike effek op mariene-verwante ekonomiese aktiwiteite (soos akwakultuur, lug-see-redding en kragstasies) is ook geïdentifiseer en is aangetoon om beide positief en negatief te wees Ten laaste dien dit gemeld te word dat ekonomiese inligting met betrekking tot mariene aktiwitweite goed bewaar word as gevolg van kompetisie in die bedryf. Dit was derhalwe moeilik om die presiese impak van die gevolge van SST-veranderlikheid op sodanige aktiwiteite te kwantifiseer.
Knapp, Jarred Lee. "The effects of ocean acidification and temperature change on the West Coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97802.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The West Coast rock lobster (WCRL), Jasus lalandii, is a critical marine fisheries resource for South Africa and may in future be negatively affected by the changes in seawater parameters associated with the ongoing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. These CO2 emissions have been linked to a global decrease in ocean pH (termed “ocean acidification”) and an increase in temperature. There are strong estimates that these changes are to worsen in coming centuries. This warranted research because of 1) the low current level of the resource (2.6% of pristine) and 2) the relatively unexplored physiological- and other biological responses of the WCRL to environmental stressors. This information is essential for the sustainable management of the resource by government scientists in times of global- and regional climate change. In the short term, it was found that the WCRL was able to rapidly and reversibly respond to acute changes in seawater pH (pH 7.4), this was achieved primarily through the active up-regulation of bicarbonate levels in the haemolymph. Maintaining extracellular pH protects oxygen transport mechanisms, which are sensitive to pH changes due to the large Bohr effect that this study also revealed, in the respiratory protein, haemocyanin of adult WCRL. The energy cost of actively maintaining extracellular pH, however, is expected to affect growth and potentially survival in the long term. This was tested on juvenile WCRL that were exposed to a reduced seawater pH of 7.3 (18.8 °C) over a period of 28 weeks. Results revealed that survival was not influenced and acid-base regulation in the hypercapnia-exposed lobsters was maintained throughout the duration of the trial, however, this led to a reduced growth rate. Subsequently, in order to replicate field conditions more closely, a combination of effects, namely seawater pCO2 (pH 8 and 7.3) and different temperatures (15.6 and 19 °C) on the growth of juvenile WCRL were assessed over an exposure period of 48 weeks in a second chronic trial. In contrast to the initial trial (28 weeks), where hypercapnia was assessed separately, lobsters exposed to hypercapnia had a higher growth rate than those at the same temperature exposed to a “natural” (normocapnic) seawater pH. The difference was interpreted as an indication that food availability/quality may negatively affect stress response, as feeding in the first trial was later considered “sub-optimal” in comparison to that of the second trial. In the latter, although both hypercapnia and temperature affected growth rates, temperature was the largest contributor to differences observed between treatments. The order of growth rates for lobsters from different treatments was: hypercapnia/high temperature > normocapnia/high temperature > hypercapnia/low temperature > normocapnia/low temperature. In this trial too, irrespective of treatment, lobsters were able to maintain extracellular pH within a relatively narrow range over the extent of the trial and survival was not negatively affected by hypercapnia or high temperature. In order to compare the sensitivity of juvenile WCRL to that of adults, with regards to the effect of changes in extracellular pH on oxygen transport, and to assess the impact of chronic hypercapnia, haemocyanin from juveniles was studied in detail after the first growth trial. This revealed that juvenile WCRL have a similar Bohr effect to that of adults. In addition, the haemocyanin of hypercapnia-exposed juveniles showed an increased affinity to oxygen caused by an intrinsic change in its molecular structure. This was interpreted as an energy-saving mechanism, because at the same time, haemocyanin concentration in these animals was lower than in normocapnic lobsters. At the termination of the second chronic trial, the immunological response to the combined stressors was assessed, namely total circulating haemocyte counts (THC) and the ability to clear/inactivate an introduced dose of a bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum. A pilot experiment on non-treated juveniles revealed a similar resting THC to that of other lobster species, and culturable V. anguillarum was rapidly cleared from their haemolymph. The effect of chronic exposure to a combination of effects, namely hypercapnia and different temperatures, was subsequently tested after termination of the second chronic trial. There were no differences between treatments in a) baseline THC (i.e. before bacterial challenge) and 2) the capability to clear culturable bacteria from haemolymph. The only difference was the circulating THCs post-bacterial challenge, as they were reduced in the hypercapnic-, high temperature treatment, compared with all other treatments. The reason is unknown, but it is speculated that it may have been linked to an increased metabolic demand in these lobsters. Overall, these results demonstrate the great plasticity of the WCRL at the molecular-, biochemical and physiological level. They provide important initial information for government fisheries scientists to aid in predicting future development of, and potential threats to the WCRL resource, as well as providing a platform from which the direction of future studies can be determined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Weskus-seekreef, Jasus lalandii, is ’n belangrike seevisseryhulpbron vir Suid-Afrika en kan in die toekoms negatief geraak word deur die veranderinge in seewaterparameters wat met voortgesette antropogeniese vrystellings van koolstofdioksied (CO2) verband hou. Hierdie CO2-vrystellings word met ’n wêreldwye daling in die pH van seewater (oftewel “oseaanversuring”) en ’n temperatuurstyging verbind. Alles dui daarop dat hierdie veranderinge in die volgende eeue sal vererger. Dít regverdig navorsing weens 1) die huidige skaarste aan dié hulpbron (2,6% van oorspronklike getalle), en 2) die betreklik onverkende fisiologiese en ander biologiese reaksies van die kreef op omgewingstressors. Hierdie inligting is noodsaaklik om staatswetenskaplikes in staat te stel om die hulpbron te midde van wêreldwye en streeksklimaatsverandering volhoubaar te bestuur. Op kort termyn word daar bevind dat die Weskus-kreef vinnig en omkeerbaar op akute veranderinge in die pH van seewater reageer (pH 7,4). Dít is hoofsaaklik deur die aktiewe opwaartse regulering van bikarbonaatvlakke in die hemolimf vasgestel. Die handhawing van ekstrasellulêre pH beskerm die meganismes wat suurstof vervoer, wat gevoelig is vir pH-veranderinge weens die beduidende Bohr-effek in die respiratoriese proteïen, hemosianien, by die volwasse kreef – nóg ’n bevinding van hierdie studie. Tog sal die energiekoste verbonde aan die handhawing van ekstrasellulêre pH na verwagting groei en moontlik ook oorlewing op lang termyn beïnvloed. Dít is getoets op jong Weskus-krewe wat oor ’n tydperk van 28 weke aan seewater met ’n verlaagde pH van 7,3 (18,8 °C) blootgestel is. Resultate dui daarop dat oorlewing nié geraak word nie, en dat suur-basis-regulering in die hiperkapnie-blootgestelde krewe vir die volle duur van die proef gehandhaaf is, hoewel dit tot ’n verlaagde groeitempo gelei het. Ten einde natuurlike omstandighede akkurater na te boots, is ’n kombinasie van uitwerkings, naamlik pCO2 van seewater (pH 8 en 7,3) en verskillende temperature (15,6 en 19 °C), op die groei van jong krewe oor ’n blootstellingstydperk van 48 weke in ’n tweede chroniese proefneming beoordeel. In teenstelling met die aanvanklike proef (28 weke), is hiperkapnie afsonderlik beoordeel en het krewe wat aan hiperkapnie blootgestel is ’n hoër groeitempo getoon as dié by dieselfde temperatuur wat aan seewater met ’n ‘natuurlike’ (normokapniese) pH blootgestel is. Dié verskil is vertolk as ’n aanwyser dat voedselbeskikbaarheid/-gehalte ’n negatiewe uitwerking op stresreaksie kan hê, aangesien voeding in die eerste proefneming later as ‘suboptimaal’ beskou is vergeleke met dié van die tweede proef. In die tweede proef, hoewel hiperkapnie én temperatuur groeitempo’s beïnvloed het, was temperatuur die grootste bydraer tot die verskille wat tussen behandelings opgemerk is. Die orde van die kreefgroeitempo’s met die verskillende behandelings was: hiperkapnie/hoë temperatuur > normokapnie/hoë temperatuur > hiperkapnie/lae temperatuur > normokapnie/lae temperatuur. In die tweede proef kon die kreef ook, ongeag behandeling, ekstrasellulêre pH vir die volle duur van die proefneming binne ’n betreklik beperkte bestek handhaaf, en het nóg hiperkapnie nóg hoë temperatuur ’n negatiewe invloed op oorlewing gehad. Om die gevoeligheid van jong Weskus-krewe met dié van volwasse krewe te vergelyk wat betref die uitwerking van veranderinge in ekstrasellulêre pH op suurstofvervoer, en om die impak van chroniese hiperkapnie te bepaal, is die hemosianien van jong krewe deeglik ná die eerste groeiproef bestudeer. Dít het aan die lig gebring dat die jong kreef ’n soortgelyke Bohr-effek as volwassenes toon. Daarbenewens toon die hemosianien van hiperkapnie-blootgestelde jong krewe ’n verhoogde affiniteit tot suurstof, wat deur ’n intrinsieke verandering in molekulêre struktuur veroorsaak word. Dít is as ’n energiebesparingsmeganisme vertolk, aangesien hemosianienkonsentrasie by hierdie diere terselfdertyd laer was as by normokapniese kreef. Aan die einde van die tweede chroniese proefneming is die immunologiese reaksie op die gekombineerde stressors beoordeel, naamlik totale sirkulerende hemosiettellings (THC) en die vermoë om ’n toegediende dosis van die bakterie Vibrio anguillarum op te ruim/te deaktiveer. ’n Toetseksperiment met niebehandelde jong krewe dui op ’n soortgelyke rustende THC as dié van ander kreefspesies, en kweekbare V. anguillarum is vinnig uit die hemolimf opgeruim. Die effek van chroniese blootstelling aan ’n kombinasie van faktore, naamlik hiperkapnie en verskillende temperature, is vervolgens na afloop van die tweede chroniese proef getoets. Die verskillende behandelings lewer dieselfde a) THC op die basislyn (met ander woorde voor toediening van die bakterie), en 2) opruimingsvermoë van kweekbare bakterieë uit die hemolimf op. Die enigste verskil was die THC’s ná toediening van die bakterie, wat laer was met die hiperkapniese hoëtemperatuurbehandeling as met alle ander behandelings. Die rede hiervoor is onbekend, maar hou vermoedelik verband met ’n verhoogde metaboliese vereiste by hierdie krewe. Oor die algemeen toon hierdie resultate die beduidende plastisiteit van die Weskus-seekreef op molekulêre, biochemiese en fisiologiese vlak. Dit bied belangrike aanvanklike inligting vir staatsvisserywetenskaplikes om die toekomstige ontwikkeling van én moontlike bedreigings vir die kreefhulpbron te voorspel, en voorsien boonop ’n platform van waar die rigting van toekomstige studies bepaal kan word.
Dang, Thi Anh Thu. "Impact of ambient temperature on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in central coast of Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123901/1/Thi%20Anh%20Thu_Dang_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLawrence, Cloverley Mercia. "Ecology and ecophysiology of Zostera capensis: responses and acclimation to temperature." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32728.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Ing Liang. "Optimum and cost effective transparent insulation systems for office building applications in temperate and tropical climates." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443281.
Повний текст джерелаNovitzky, Peter. "Analysis of Mangrove Structure and Latitudinal Relationships on the Gulf Coast of Peninsular Florida." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1726.
Повний текст джерелаBudd, Chris. "USING MLC FLASH TO REDUCE SYSTEM COST IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626992.
Повний текст джерелаLegaard, Kasey. "Temporal Variability of Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Sea Suface Temperature in the California Current." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LegaardK2004.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаQian, Lingyi. "Fabrication, characterisation and oxidation behaviour of Pt-based bond coats for high temperature applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39531/.
Повний текст джерелаBlanchard, Allan (Allan B. ). "Enabling multi-cation electrolyte usage in LMBs for lower cost and operating temperature." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80900.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61).
Alloy anodes form a promising path to the use of multi-cation electrolytes by increasing chemical stability. In this study, a lithium-magnesium alloy anode was developed such that lower cost and lower melting temperature multi-cation electrolytes could be incorporated in liquid metal batteries (LMBs). In a first part of this work, Lithium-magnesium was proven to be a viable anode in a standard uni-cation (Li+) Li-Mg/LiCl-LiF-LiI/Sb-Pb battery. SEM and EDS confirmed the stability of this anode with respect to the cathode (Sb-Pb) and the standard uni-cation electrolyte. Performance metrics (voltage, efficiencies, etc.) for the Li-Mg anode cell were found to be comparable to the analogous pure Li anode system. In a second part of this work, using the alloyed Li-Mg anode, we demonstrated successful cycling of cells using multi cation electrolytes in Li-Mg/LiBr-KBr/Sb-Pb and Li-Mg/LiCl-KCl/Sb-Pb LMBs. Each of these multi-cation electrolyte systems boasted an active materials energy cost of (<150$/kWh), which is less expensive than the metric cost to implement storage batteries in the electrical grid.[1] These results open the door to incorporating lower cost and lower melting temperature electrolyte candidates in LMBs by using alloyed anodes.
by Allan Blanchard.
S.B.
DRENSKY, GEORGE KERILOV. "AMBIENT AND HIGH TEMPERATURE EROSION INVESTIGATION OF MATERIALS AND COATINGS USED IN TURBOMACHINERY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022846322.
Повний текст джерелаFong, Alan Ming-Lun. "A study of thermal comfort and cost effectiveness of stratum ventilation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11169.
Повний текст джерелаSkillman, John B. "ENSO forced variations of the sea surface temperature and adjusted sea level along the west coast of the United States." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39746.
Повний текст джерелаDaily coastal surface temperature and adjusted sea level data for the period 1955-1988 were used to characterize the surface temperature and adjusted sea level anomalies, and the propagation of features along the west coast of the United States during El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The strong ENSO years examined were 1957-58, 1972-73, and 1982-83. Moderate ENSO years used were 1966, 1976, and 1987. To look at regional differences in the signals, the time series of daily coastal surface temperature and adjusted sea level were divided into three distinct regions: the southern region (i.e., Southern California), the central upwelling region (i.e., Central California), and the northern region (i. e., Northern California, Oregon, and Washington). The anomaly series were compared with cross-spectral analysis. Phase speeds and wavenumbers were estimated from the difference in phase between La Jolla and the other stations as a function of frequency band. These were used to characterize the structure of waves associated with the propagation. of the positive surface temperature and adjusted sea level anomalies. These wave characteristics were found to be consistent with coastally trapped internal Kelvin waves, due to their phase speed, wavelength and non-dispersive nature. Phase speeds for frequencies corresponding to 4-20 day periods were 60-100 km/day, based on temperature and sea level. A regression of wavenumber against frequency gives phase speeds of about 65-85 km/day, that is consistent with Kelvin wave theory for typical west coast ocean structure and bathymetry. During ENSO episoddes, strong warm surface temperature anomalies were found to exist along the west coast and were supported by high adjusted sea level anomalies. The use of daily observations was advantageous over traditional monthly data for this analysis.
Emanuel, Martin Phillippe. "Interactive effects of pH, temperature and exposure period on native and invasive mussels from the West Coast of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6626.
Повний текст джерелаMeriö, L. J. (Leo-Juhani). "The measurement and modeling of snowmelt in sub-arctic site using low cost temperature loggers." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201509031948.
Повний текст джерелаTyön tavoitteena oli selvittää ja testata miten edullisia lämpötilatallentimia voidaan käyttää lumen sulannan prosessien ja nopeuden mittaamiseen subarktisella Pallaksen tunturialueella. Lämpötila-anturit sijoitettiin kuudelle koealueelle, joiden topografia, kasvillisuus ja maastotyyppi vaihtelevat. Tallentimet asennettiin jokaisella koealueella viiteen koepisteeseen sekä maahan että 30 cm vakiokorkeudelle maanpinnasta. Asennuksen aikana mitattiin lumipeitteen korkeus ja tiheys jokaiselta koepisteeltä. Anturit ohjelmoitiin tallentamaan lämpötila 15 min välein 19.4.–15.6.2014 välisenä aikana. Lumen sulannan nopeus määritettiin antureiden päivittäisen lämpötilavaihtelun avulla. Tulosten oikeellisuutta arvioitiin vertaamalla niitä koealueella sijaitsevien Geologian tutkimuskeskuksen akustisien sensorien mittaamiin lumenkorkeustietoihin. Lisäksi määritettyjä lumen sulannan nopeutta kuvaavia astepäivätekijöitä testattiin empiirisellä lumimallilla, jonka lähtötietoina käytettiin Ilmatieteen laitoksen ilmastoaineistoa. Tulokset paljastivat lumen sulannan ajankohdan sekä sen vaihtelun. Sulaminen tapahtui aikaisemmin eteläisillä rinteillä verrattuna pohjoisiin sekä hieman aikaisemmin avoimilla alueilla kuin metsässä. Sulamisajankohdan vaihtelu oli suurinta metsäalueilla ja pienintä avoimella suolla. Tulokset vastasivat kohtuullisen hyvin akustisella lumenkorkeussensorilla mitattuja arvoja, mutta lisäksi saatiin tietoa sulannan alueellisesta vaihtelusta. Mittaustulosten avulla määritettyjä sulamisnopeuksia ja empiiristä astepäivätekijämallia hyödyntäen mallinnettiin lumen vesiarvo jokaisessa koepisteessä välillä 1.9.2013–31.8.2014. Keskineliövirheen neliöjuuri (RMSE) mallinnetun ja mitatun pysyvän lumipeitteen lähtemispäivämäärän välillä oli 3.74 päivää. Paras tarkkuus (noin yksi päivä) saavutettiin suhteellisen homogeenisellä ja avonaisella alueella, avoimella suolla. Topografian ollessa vaihtelevampaa sekä metsäisillä alueilla menetelmän tarkkuus heikkeni, mutta käyttämällä koealuekohtaista sulamisnopeuden mediaania tarkkuutta saatiin parannettua. Merkittävimpiä menetelmän epävarmuustekijöitä arvioitiin olevan auringonsäteily, joka lämmittää lämpötilatallenninta ja sulattaa lumen nopeammin tallentimen läheisyydestä. Lisäksi osassa koepisteitä havaittu ylempien tallentimien lumen painumisen aiheuttama siirtyminen alaspäin sekä sulannan loppuvaiheessa tuntemattomat lumen fysikaaliset ominaisuudet voivat aiheuttaa merkittävää virhettä sulamisnopeuden arvioimisessa. Epävarmuustekijöistä huolimatta menetelmän arvioidaan sopivan erityisesti alueille, joilla tämän hetkiset lumimittaukset eivät ole edustavia, sekä etäisille valuma-alueille, joita ei aikaisemmin ole mitattu. Langattomalla yhteydellä varustettuja lämpötilatallentimia voitaisiin lisäksi käyttää reaaliaikaiseen lumen kertymisen ja sulamisen seurantaan
Tighe, Susan Louise. "An integrated model to assess asphalt cement quality on low-temperature performance and life cycle cost." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0026/NQ51232.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKingsbury, Christopher W. "Fuel cycle cost and fabrication model for fluoride-salt high-temperature reactor (FHR) "Plank" fuel design optimization." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54337.
Повний текст джерелаLymburner, Alannah. "Differences in Thermal Quality Affect Investment in Thermoregulation by Lizards." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39115.
Повний текст джерелаKimball, Matthew Eric. "Using temperature tolerance to predict distribution and overwintering success of lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) on the east coast of the United States." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182003-010123/.
Повний текст джерелаChalasani, Trishala. "AUTOMATED ASSESSMENT FOR THE THERAPY SUCCESS OF FOREIGN ACCENT SYNDROME : Based on Emotional Temperature." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15330.
Повний текст джерелаMakame, Makame Omar. "Vulnerability and adaptation of Zanzibar east coast communities to climate variability and change and other interacting stressors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011895.
Повний текст джерелаGodfrey, R. W., W. D. Preston, S. R. Joseph, L. LaPlace, P. E. Hillman, K. G. Gebremedhin, C. N. Lee, and R. J. Collier. "Evaluating the impact of breed, pregnancy, and hair coat on body temperature and sweating rate of hair sheep ewes in the tropics." AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625393.
Повний текст джерелаLander, Jasmine. "Cost-efficient approaches to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) under different environmental factors such as temperature and humidity using mini loggers." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165993.
Повний текст джерелаBenhadia, Abrehem M. A. "Evaluation of the critical parameters and polymeric coat performance in compressed multiparticulate systems." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17459.
Повний текст джерелаZiegler, Silvio. "New current sensing solutions for low-cost high-power-density digitally controlled power converters." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0077.
Повний текст джерелаMachado, Maria Angélica. "Global climatic changes, a cse study of air temperature variation and its impacts in the municipal district of Ubatuba, north coasth of São Paulo." Universidade de Taubaté, 2009. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=239.
Повний текст джерелаEste trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma previsão da temperatura do ar em cenários climáticos futuros, com uma estimativa da elevação do nível do mar e suas conseqüências ambientais no município de Ubatuba. A metodologia adotada esta baseada na utilização de dados de temperatura do ar simulados pelo modelo HadCM3 do Hadley Center do Reino Unido (no período de 2000 a 2099), considerando dois cenários utilizados pelo Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas, a saber: cenário A2 (pessimista) e cenário B1 (otimista). As estimativas de aumento do nível do mar foram realizadas a partir de registros maregráficos de Ubatuba (de 1954 a 1993). Como resultado estima-se um aumento na temperatura média global de 5,3 ( 3,0)C para o cenário A2 e de 3,4 ( 3,0)C para o cenário B1 e uma estimativa de elevação do nível médio do mar de 124 e de 268 cm para os anos de 2050 e 2100, respectivamente. Usando-se dados de perfis topográficos de 11 praias insulares na região, conclui-se que estas praias desaparecerão a partir de 2050.
Khanzada, Laraib Sarfraz [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Hock, and Christoph J. [Gutachter] Brabec. "Low cost, abundant, non-toxic and low temperature solution processable inorganic semiconductors for photovoltaic applications / Laraib Sarfraz Khanzada ; Gutachter: Christoph J. Brabec ; Betreuer: Rainer Hock." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172972427/34.
Повний текст джерелаSerralheiro, Ana Sofia Ramos. "Ecologia da germinação de sementes de espécies de charcos temporários mediterrânicos: implicações para a conservação." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18396.
Повний текст джерелаSouthon, Michael Carl. "Performance and cost evaluation to inform the design and implementation of Organic Rankine Cycles in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10728.
Повний текст джерелаMcEwan, Anthony Graham. "The effect of elevated temperature on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Pisces : Salmonidae) and the development of "least cost" feeds for trout production in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6606.
Повний текст джерелаCallegari, Andrea. "Produzione e caratterizzazione di acqua attivata mediante plasmi freddi atmosferici per applicazioni in agricoltura." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19708/.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Minyong. "Deciphering the Role of YidC in Bacterial Membrane Protein Insertion." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039101039.
Повний текст джерелаRêgo, Márlison de Sá. "DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE MONITORAMENTO DE BAIXO CUSTO DE TEMPERATURA E UMIDADE RELATIVA DO AR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7654.
Повний текст джерелаNa perspectiva de otimizar o planejamento, manejo e gestão dos recursos hídricos no contexto nacional os sistemas de monitoramento hidrometeorológico tem passado pelo processo de inovação tecnológica. O aumento do potencial de monitoramento pela diminuição dos custos e a melhora na qualidade dos dados monitorados motivam esse campo de pesquisa. Partindo-se da relevância das variáveis de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar dentre as variáveis monitoradas, o presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de três sistemas de hardware e software baseados em uma plataforma livre, que meçam essas grandezas com precisão a partir de três sensores de baixo custo, RHT01, RHT02 e RHT03, disponíveis no mercado a partir do ano de 2005. Estes sensores fazem parte do avanço das linhas de sensores, recém-criadas, de polímeros e óxidos semicondutores. A base tecnológica de cada sistema foi o microcontrolador arduino rev. 3 , o qual gerenciou um circuito eletrônico capaz de coletar e armazenar dados das variáveis hidrometeorológicas, em um dispositivo de memória flash ( sd card ). Em seguida, com o objetivo de verificar a confiabilidade quanto ao funcionamento, cada sistema foi submetido a três testes de coleta de dados, em três locais diferentes operando em simultâneo com sistemas convencionais utilizados pelo Laboratório de Micrometeorologia da UFSM (LMMET/UFSM). Os locais dos testes estão situados no município de Santa Maria, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As condições de microclima entre os testes eram diferentes em virtude do local. O primeiro teste foi realizado no terraço das instalações do INPE-UFSM, o segundo teste no laboratório de micrometeorologia da UFSM e o terceiro em uma área rural do campus central da UFSM, caracterizada pelo bioma pampa, onde fica localizada uma torre de monitoramento da rede micro-sulfux. As coletas ocorreram durante os meses de abril a junho, correspondendo a etapa final da estação de outono e início do inverno no ano de 2015. O primeiro teste durou onze dias, o segundo treze e o terceiro onze. A discretização temporal das coletas foi de um minuto. Com os dados coletados realizou-se análise comparativa dos sistemas de baixo custo e os sistemas convencionais mediante a análise de gráficos, medidas descritivas, e de estatísticas tais como a correlação linear de Pearson, análise de variância e teste Tukey. Com valores de coeficiente de determinação (R2) superiores a 0,90 em todos os testes e não havendo diferença significativa entre os sensores de baixo custo analisados e o sistemas convencional, com apenas uma única exceção, os resultados indicaram a viabilidade do uso destes sensores para geração de dados médios de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar para intervalo de tempo mínimo de geração de 1 minuto, 15 minutos, 30 minutos e 1 hora. Os resultados também indicaram a possibilidade de pesquisas quantitativas posteriores sobre a influência do abrigo dos sensores nos dados mensurados.
Manikonda, Nikhil. "Performance of Deep Geothermal Energy Systems." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23219.
Повний текст джерелаBenoist, Romain. "Bases comportementales, physiologiques et génétiques du succès reproducteur d'un hyménoptère parasitoïde The Cotesia sesamiae story: insight into host-range evolution in a Hymenoptera parasitoid and implication for its use in biological control programs Low-cost automatic temperature monitoring system with alerts for laboratory rearing units." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS584.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаStudying the ability of insect parasitoids to reproduce in novel hosts is important to understand adaptive mechanisms at play when they are used for biological control. Cotesia typhae is an African parasitoid specialized on the Lepidoptera Sesamia nonagrioides and it is a potential biological control agent against this maize pest. C. typhae belongs to a group of species harboring a symbiotic virus which is injected in the host during oviposition and which contributes to the parasitoid virulence. I have found out that two strains of C. typhae differed in their offspring number and in their virulence against a French population of S. nonagrioides, which represents a new host. A QTL analysis (Quantitative Trait Loci) has been done to identify genes involved in these variations. We have built a genetic map of C. typhae, identified four QTL and listed candidate genes. To explain the difference of virulence and offspring number, numbers of eggs and viral particles injected during successive ovipositions have been estimated. These experiments have shown that 1/ the two strains have different patterns of egg allocation among the successive hosts parasitized, 2/ the quantity of injected viral particles is not correlated to virulence. To understand to evolutionary origin of the virulence variation, this trait has been estimated for the natural host populations. The results suggest that local adaptation could explain the better pre-adaptation of one C. typhae strain to the French host population. This work also allowed an in-depth characterization of the parasitoid reproductive success, essential for its use in biological control
Lee, Jiwon. "Novel fabrication of Alloy 625 and MCrAlY bond coat by laser powder bed fusion and microstructure control A novel approach to the production of NiCrAlY bond coat onto IN625 superalloy by selective laser melting Influence of heat treatments on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 processed by laser powder bed fusion A new observation of strain-induced grain boundary serration and its underlying mechanism in a Ni–20Cr binary model alloy Heat treatments design for superior high-temperature tensile properties of Alloy 625 produced by selective laser melting High temperature oxidation of NiCrAlY coated Alloy 625 manufactured by selective laser melting." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0008.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, Alloy 625 was fabricated by one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) methods, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), and its mechanical properties were evaluated at various temperatures. The L-PBF fabricated Alloy 625 showed high strength and relatively poor elongation. Thus, some heat treatments were applied to improve its performance. A solid-solution heat treatment with a temperature of more than 1000 °C was applied to the L-PBF Alloy 625, resulting in recrystallization because of high energy stored within the alloy attributed by high density of dislocations. This modified microstructure of the L-PBF Alloy 625 sample showed the required strength under tensile testing at room temperature (higher strength than wrought Alloy 625 and greater elongation than L-PBF as-built alloy). In view of enhancing mechanical properties at high temperature, a grain boundary serration (GBS) heat treatment was specifically designed for L-PBF Alloy 625. Because this was the first attempt to produce GBS in a high-Nb-content alloy, it was necessary to understand its mechanism first. To induce GBS, it is necessary for large solute atoms to move near the grain boundaries (GBs). Therefore, the GBS heat treatment was modified for application to the L-PBF Alloy 625. The specially designed GBS heat treatment successfully induced the zigzag patterns of serrated GBs for the first time. This GBS L-PBF Alloy 625 showed improved high-temperature mechanical properties in terms of increased ductility and elimination of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect at elevated temperatures. To further improve the high-temperature property of the L-PBF Alloy 625, NiCrAlY bond coat was applied to the Alloy 625 substrate by the same method (L-PBF) for the first time to improve the efficiency of the production process and increase the resistance to oxidation. Although their different thermal properties led to many trials and errors in the manufacturing of the material, the optimal parameters for applying NiCrAlY bond coat deposition by L-PBF were set and verified to assess the potential for the process to be commercialized. The remelting characteristic of L-PBF induced good metallurgical bonding between the substrate and coating, which indicates good stability. The oxidation behavior of the NiCrAlY-coated Alloy 625 was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal shock testing; the results indicated that the novel coated material had higher resistance to oxidation than bulk Alloy 625. Therefore, the GBS heat treatment together with efficient NiCrAlY coating can greatly improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of L-PBF manufactured Alloy 625
Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo. "Towards Climate Based Early Warning and Response Systems for Malaria." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130169.
Повний текст джерелаHallqvist, Karl. "Högtempererat borrhålslager för fjärrvärme." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231586.
Повний текст джерелаVärmebehovet är starkt säsongsberoende, med låg last under perioder av högre omgivningstemperatur och hög last under perioder av lägre omgivningstemperaturer. I Göteborg finns en stor mängd spillvärme tillgängligt för fjärrvärmeproduktion sommartid när behovet av värme är lågt. Tillgång till säsongsvärmelager möjliggör att fjärrvärmeproduktion flyttas från vinterhalvår till sommarhalvår, vilket kan ge såväl lönsamhet som miljönytta. Borrhålsvärmelager är ett förhållandevis billigt sätt att lagra värme, och innebär att berggrunden värms upp under sommaren genom att varmt vatten flödar i borrhål, för att under vinterhalvåret användas genom att låta kallt vatten flöda i borrhålen och värmas upp. I traditionella borrhålsvärmelager används ofta värmepump för att höja värmelagrets urladdade temperatur, men på grund av höga temperaturkrav för fjärrvärme kan kostnaden för värmepump bli hög. I denna rapport föreslås ett system för att klara av att nå höga temperaturer till en lägre kostnad. Systemet består av ett borrhålsvärmelager anpassat för högre temperaturer (HT-BTES) samt pelletspannor för att spetsa lagrets utgående fluid för att nå hög temperatur. Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka potentialen för detta HT-BTES-system med avseende på dess tekniska begränsningar, förmåga till fjärrvärmeleverans, konsekvenser för fjärrvärmesystemet, samt lönsamhet och miljöpåverkan. För att garantera att inlagringen av värme inte är så stor att priset för inlagrad värme ökar väsentligt, utgår inlagringen från hur mycket värme som kyls bort i fjärrvärmenätet sommartid. I verkligheten finns betydligt mer värme tillgänglig till låg kostnad. När HT-BTES-systemet producerar fjärrvärme, ersätts fjärrvärmeproduktion från andra produktionsenheter, förutsatt att HT-BTES-systemets rörliga kostnader är lägre. I Göteborg ersätts främst naturgas från kraftvärme, men också en del flis. Kostnadsbesparingen beror på differensen för total fjärrvärmeproduktionskostnad med och utan HT-BTES-systemet. Undersökningen visar att besparingen är större om HT-BTES-systemet placeras i ett område där det är möjligt att mata ut fjärrvärme med lägre temperatur. Om urladdning från HT-BTES kan ske med hög temperatur ökar också besparingen. Detta sker om lagrets volym ökar, om avståndet mellan borrhål minskar eller om värmeöverföringen mellan det flödande vattnet i borrhålen och berggrunden ökar. Dessa egenskaper för lagret leder också till minskade koldioxidutsläpp. Storleken på besparingen beror dock i hög grad på hur bränslepriser utvecklas i framtiden. Strategiska fördelar med HT-BTES-systemet inkluderar; minskad miljöpåverkan, robust system med lång teknisk livslängd (för delar av HT-BTES-systemet), samt att inlagring av värme kan ske från många olika produktionsenheter. Dessutom kan positiva bieffekter identifieras. Undersökningen visar att HT-BTES-systemet har god potential att ge lönsamhet och minskad miljöpåverkan, och att anläggning och drift av lagret kan ske utan omfattande lokal miljöpåverkan. Det har också visats att de geologiska förutsättningarna för HT-BTES är goda på många platser i Göteborg, även om lokala förhållanden kan skilja sig åt. För att nå lönsamhet för HT-BTES-systemet krävs en avvägning på utformning av lagret för att nå hög urladdad temperatur utan att investeringskostnaden blir för stor. Undersökningen visar att om anslutning av HT-BTES-systemet kan ske mot befintlig anslutningspunkt eller till befintlig värmepanna kan investeringskostnaden minska och därmed lönsamheten öka. Placering av HT-BTES-systemet i områden med risk för överföringsbegränsningar kan också minska behovet av att förstärka fjärrvärmenätet, och således bidra till att minska de kostnader som förstärkning av nätet innebär. Betydelsefulla parametrar för att nå lönsamhet för HT-BTES-system inkluderar dessutom kostnaden för inlagrad värme liksom vilket vinstkrav som kan accepteras. Tillgång till HT-BTES möjliggör ökad nyttjandegrad och flexibilitet för fjärrvärmeproduktionsenheter, och därmed ökad anpassningsmöjlighet till förändrade förutsättningar på värmemarknaden. Dock återstår att visa att komponenter som klarar de höga temperaturkraven kan tillverkas till acceptabel kostnad.
Harmouch, Khaled. "Conception et réalisation d’un moteur piézoélectrique pour application automobile haute température." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC007.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to designand build a piezoelectric motor for an exhaustgas heat recovery application. This applicationrequires relatively high torque, highcompactness, thermal endurance and acceptablecost.In order to achieve this goal, the design of theengine passes by the choice of its mode ofoperation. This choice is made based on criteriasuch as low cost, high torque and compactness.After the determination of the architecture ofthe piezoelectric motor, the modelling isaddressed. The purpose of the model is tocompute the torque/speed characteristicsknowing the motor dimensions and materials,the surface state of the contact, the precompressionforce and the supply voltage.The modeling developed was validated byexperimental measurements.In the last part, the motor is build and tested. Itsdynamic behavior and torque/speedcharacteristics were measured. With theexception of the peak and blocking torque, allthe performances required by the applicationwere fulfilled.Finally, the model results are compared to themeasurements done on the prototype. Thedynamic behavior is well predicted by themodel. However, the model is not able tocompute accurately the stator displacements.This implies inaccuracy in the motorcharacteristics computation. It turns out thatthey are related to the absence of the coefficientof contact damping