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1
Zhukov, O., and K. Maslikova. "The dependence of the technosols models functional properties from the primary stratigraphy designs." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111864.
Анотація:
In the present article the assumption that the design of the soil-like artificial body in zero-moment of existence determines the dynamics and trajectory of soilforming process was tasted. It was shown that an important aspect of the experiment is the search criteria that you can perform evaluation of the functional properties of the generated structures depending on their organization. The study of the water infiltration dynamics from the soil surface is highlyinformative non-destructive testing for evaluating the properties of the soil body. Studies showed that technosols as artificial creation have fundamental differences between the natural soils for which the classic Philip equitation was proposed. Technosoils are porous, but heterogeneous formations. The process of filtering in technosols is not laminar, periods of smooth water infiltration is outbreak by disastrous water absorption. To simulate this process it was showed that the better results may be obtained due to originally modified Philip equitation. Specific constant C describes the dynamics of the infiltration process the early stages of the experiment and is a specific indicator for technosols. In natural soils this constant is zero. The sorptivity of the pedozems was reveled to be depended from the underlying layer. Organic components contribute to the formation of aggregate most of which is water resistant. Such for- mations smooth density variation of clay soil resulting from swelling and shrinkage processes that can maintain stable structure of the pore space. As a result, the soil after phytomeliorative rotation gets such features as reduced infiltration rate, but increased level of filtration. The artificial mixture of clay has significant waterproof properties, which ultimately can lead to complete discontinuance of water absorption by technosols. Waterproof properties of soil may increase the risk of water erosion of technosols. For technosoils structural change of the pore space state are inherent in contact with water because hydrolabile units of their structure. Accordingly, during the infiltration process there are significant changes in the course of the rate of filtration of water.
2
Havryushenko, Oleksandr O., Oleksandr O. Mytsyk, Mykola M. Kharytonov, Natalia V. Honchar, Mykhailo G. Babenko, Valentyna T. Pashova, and Yuriy I. Tkalich. "The suitability of physical and chemical properties of rocks for land reclamation in different subzones of the Ukrainian Steppe." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 2 (August 3, 2022): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112223.
Анотація:
The study of the properties of disturbed soils and rocks makes it possible to establish the parameters of the natural fertility of the studied substrates, to detect limiting factors, and to determine a set of restoration measures. The tested overburden rocks with the largest stratigraphic share of the open-pit quarries of the Nikopol manganese and Kerch iron ore deposits were loamy-like loess (Quaternary) and grey-green clay (Neogene). There is a certain parametric relationship between texture, density, porosity, the structural and physical state of different models of artificial reclaimed profiles. The composition and properties of rocks of edaphic structures of technosoils differ according to zonal natural and climatic conditions of the subzones of the Ukrainian Steppe. Loess-like loam and grey-green clay of the Kerch iron ore deposit are distinguished by a higher bulk density, lower porosity, and wilting moisture compared to samples from the Nikopol manganese ore basin. The use of the rotor complex leads to mechanical destruction and an increase in the content of small particles of rocks. Self-compacting processes occur to a large extent in multilayer structures. This pattern is observed at the boundary of the backfill differentiated in texture layers of technosoils. This indicates the existence of a barrier that prevents the relationship of edaphic properties between substrata stratums. Optimal ratio of clay minerals provides a rather high capacity of grey-green clay for water absorption. The model of technosoil composed of grey-green clay differs in a larger number of water-resistant micro-aggregates. The best conditions for land reclamation are connected with including grey-green clay in two- and three-layer constructions of technosoils, providing a waterproofing effect.
3
Pukish, Arsen, Yaroslav Adamenko, and Mirela Coman. "PEDOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN TECHNOSOILS." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 32, no. 1 (2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2018.1.10.
Анотація:
The article studies the correlation and regression analysis concentration of main ions in the soil. According to the research the empirical equations was received. The obtained dependencies can be used in the analytical studies of soil samples, modeling of salts dissemination in the soil, development of measures for the soil restoration, calculation of the needed amounts of subsidiary chemicals for saline soils restoration.
4
Binod Kumar, Sweta, Agnieszka Kalwasińska, Maria Swiontek Brzezinska, and Monika Wróbel. "Using halotolerant Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii from technosoils to mitigate wheat salt stress." Open Research Europe 3 (June 3, 2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15821.3.
Анотація:
Background Technosoils in Inowrocław, central Poland, are impacted by human activities and exhibit high salinity (ECe up to 70 dS/m) due to a soda lime repository. These saline environments pose challenges to plant growth and soil health. However, they also offer an opportunity for the evolution of microorganisms adapted to such conditions, including plant growth-promoting rhizospheric (PGPR) bacteria. The hypothesis tested here was that introducing PGPR bacteria from these environments could boost degraded soil performance, leading to better plant biomass and improved pathogen defense. Methods Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for its plant growth properties on wheat plants under salt stress. Results Wheat seeds co-inoculated with A. chroococcum W4ii under 200 mM salt stress showed significant improvement in various growth parameters such as seeds germination (by 130%), shoot biomass (15%), chlorophyll b content (40%) compared to un-inoculated ones. Bacterial inoculation decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it elevated the antioxidative enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD). The test isolate also enhanced the level of defense enzymes like β-1,3-glucanase, which can protect plants from infection by pathogens. The bacterium could also successfully colonize the wheat plants. Conclusions These results indicate that A. chroococcum isolated from the technosoil has the potential to promote wheat growth under salt stress and can be further used as a bioinoculant in the salt affected agricultural fields.
5
ANDRÁŠ, Peter, Pavol MIDULA, João X. MATOS, Giuseppe BUCCHERI, Marek DRÍMAL, Vojtech DIRNER, Zuzana MELICHOVÁ, and Ingrid TURISOVÁ. "COMPARISON OF SOIL CONTAMINATION AT THE SELECTED EUROPEAN COPPER MINES." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2021/016/164.
Анотація:
This article reports the results of a study concerning contamination of the dump-fields by potentially toxic elements at five abandoned copper mines: Ľubietová, Špania Dolina (Slovakia), Libiola, Caporciano (Italy) and São Domingos (Portugal). This paper offers an updated description of soil contamination at the individual deposits and indicates a possible solution of the derived environmental problems. Contamination of technosoils by PTEs at the dump-fields shows an irregular spatial distribution of Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Pb. Contents of PTEs often exceed both national and EU law limits. Whereas at Ľubietová, Špania Dolina and Caporciano the environmental risk is limited, at Libiola and São Domingos it seems to be very heavy. The technosoil (slag) of the dump-fields is not well aerated and the soil colloids have (except for Špania Dolina) negative surface charge, so they are suitable for PTEs sorption. The main environmental risk in the mining area of Sao Domingos district is the long time formation of acid mine drainage water and the high Zn, As and Pb contents. The release of PTEs to the environmental components may be limited by phytostabilization and immobilization of metals, by suitable admixtures into the technosoil/slag. The environmental situation at Caporciano is not so compromised as at São Domingos mining area. Phytostabilization will be able to stop erosion, and installation of wetlands under the dump will stop the release of Cu to the environment.
6
Binod Kumar, Sweta, Agnieszka Kalwasińska, Maria Swiontek Brzezinska, and Monika Wróbel. "Application of halotolerant Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii isolated from technosoils to mitigate salt stress in wheat plant." Open Research Europe 3 (May 12, 2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15821.1.
Анотація:
Background: Technosoils are soils affected by human activities. One such soil, present in Inowrocław, central Poland, is characterized by increased salinity (ECe up to 70 dS/m) and has been influenced by a soda lime repository. Microorganisms retrieved from such environments that have naturally adapted to harsh environmental conditions, especially plant growth-promoting rhizospheric (PGPR) bacteria, can help degraded soils maintain their performance. This can contribute to increased plant biomass and protection against pathogens, resulting in a reduction of mineral fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. The goal of this research was to obtain PGPR from degraded soil and implement them into the soil under laboratory and field conditions to improve the growth of wheat seedlings. Methods: Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for its plant growth properties on wheat plants under salt stress. Results: Wheat seeds co-inoculated with A. chroococcum W4ii under 200 mM salt stress showed significant improvement in various growth parameters such as plant height, shoot biomass, chlorophyll b content compared to un-inoculated ones. Bacterial inoculation decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it elevated the antioxidative enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD). The test isolate also enhanced the level of defense enzymes like β-1, 3-glucanase, which can protect plants from the infection of pathogens. The bacterium could also successfully colonize the wheat plants. Conclusions: These results indicate that A. chroococcum isolated from the technosoil has potential to promote wheat growth under salt stress and can be further used as bioinoculant in the salt affected agricultural fields.
7
Zhuravel, M. Yu, O. M. Drozd, D. V. Diadin, T. V. Sheina, and V. V. Yaremenko. "Geochemical characteristics of halogenic technosoils within oil and gas fields." AgroChemistry and Soil Science, no. 86 (2017): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/acss86-15.
8
Binod Kumar, Sweta, Agnieszka Kalwasińska, Maria Swiontek Brzezinska, and Monika Wróbel. "Application of halotolerant Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii isolated from technosoils to mitigate salt stress in wheat plant." Open Research Europe 3 (August 14, 2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15821.2.
Анотація:
Background: Technosoils in Inowrocław, central Poland, are impacted by human activities and exhibit high salinity (ECe up to 70 dS/m) due to a soda lime repository. These saline environments pose challenges to plant growth and soil health. However, they also offer an opportunity for the evolution of microorganisms adapted to such conditions, including plant growth-promoting rhizospheric (PGPR) bacteria. The hypothesis tested here was that introducing PGPR bacteria from these environments could boost degraded soil performance, leading to better plant biomass and improved pathogen defense. Methods: Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for its plant growth properties on wheat plants under salt stress. Results: Wheat seeds co-inoculated with A. chroococcum W4ii under 200 mM salt stress showed significant improvement in various growth parameters such as seeds germination (by 130%), shoot biomass (15%), chlorophyll b content (40%) compared to un-inoculated ones. Bacterial inoculation decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it elevated the antioxidative enzymatic activities of peroxidase (POD). The test isolate also enhanced the level of defense enzymes like β-1, 3-glucanase, which can protect plants from infection by pathogens. The bacterium could also successfully colonize the wheat plants. Conclusions: These results indicate that A. chroococcum isolated from the technosoils has the potential to promote wheat growth under salt stress and can be further used as a bioinoculant in the salt affected agricultural fields.
9
Qasim, Bashar, and Mikael Motelica-Heino. "Potentially toxic element fractionation in technosoils using two sequential extraction schemes." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 7 (December 27, 2013): 5054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2457-4.
10
Charzyński, Przemysław, Renata Bednarek, Andrzej Greinert, Piotr Hulisz, and Łukasz Uzarowicz. "Classification of technogenic soils according to WRB system in the light of Polish experiences." Soil Science Annual 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2013-0023.
Анотація:
Abstract Technosols are relatively young soil group in WRB soil system, and there is still a lot of to do to better understand processes taking place in these soils and to classify them in a proper way. The objectives of this paper were to (1) evaluate Technosol and 'technogenic' qualifiers for other Reference Soil Groups, and (2) propose new solutions which would improve the classification of technogenic soils in WRB. New qualifiers . Edific, Nekric, Misceric, Artefactic, Radioactivic and new specifier . Technic . are proposed to be added to keys to Technosols. Moreover, Salic and Sodic qualifiers should be also available for Technosols. Furthermore, the supplementation of definitions of thionic horizon and sulphidic material with reference to Technosols is also suggested
11
Uzarowicz, Łukasz, Wojciech Kwasowski, Olga Śpiewak, and Marcin Świtoniak. "Indicators of pedogenesis of Technosols developed in an ash settling pond at the Bełchatów thermal power station (central Poland)." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0006.
Анотація:
Abstract Technogenic soils (Technosols) developed in an ash settling pond at the Bełchatów thermal power station, central Poland, were studied in order to identify soil property transformations over 30 years of pedogenesis. Standard pedological methods were applied in order to determine the properties of the studied samples. All investigated soils were classified according to WRB as Spolic Technosols with various supplementary qualifiers (Alcalic/Hypereutric, Arenic/Loamic, Protocalcic, Hyperartefactic, Immisic, Laxic, Ochric, and Protosalic). The studied materials can be arranged into a chronosequence starting from fresh (unweathered) ashes, by young Technosol BE1 (age: several months), up to older Technosols BE2 (about 20 years) and BE3 (about 30 years). The studies showed that weathering and soil-forming processes changed properties of ash in soil environment. Fresh ash was characterized by high pH (11.0 – fly ash, 8.7 – bottom ash), low content of carbonates (1.5% in both samples), variable concentrations of TOC (1.2% – fly ash, 6.9% – bottom ash), and very low total nitrogen content (0.04%). Electrical conductivity (ECe) was 2.6 and 2.1 dS·m−1 in fly ash and bottom ash respectively. Young Technosol BE1 had the pH 9.2–10.0, contents of carbonates were in the range 2.4–3.3%, TOC 1.3–1.7%, and total nitrogen less than 0.03%. ECe in young Technosol was in the range 2.7–4.0 dS·m−1. There was no plant cover present on that soil and no well-developed genetic horizons were distinguished in the profile. Finally, old Technosols BE2 and BE3 had lower pH (from 7.9 up to 9.1), and, in general, higher contents of carbonates (from 1.5 to 7.9%) than fresh ash and young Technosol BE1. Old Technosols contained high concentrations of TOC (up to about 38% in Oi horizon) and total nitrogen (up to 0.9%) in the topsoil, where O and A horizons developed due to accumulation of soil organic matter. ECe in old Technosols was in the range 0.8–1.5 dS·m−1. All studied ashes and soils were characterized by very low or even absence of total potential acidity. Base cations predominated in the sorption complex of the investigated ash and soils and can be arranged in the following order according to the abundance: Ca>Mg>K>Na. Base saturation (BS) of fresh ashes and Technosols was nearly 100%. The study shows that the first indicators of pedogenesis of the studied technogenic soils within the first 30 years of formation are: (1) changes of consistence of ash material from firm to friable/very friable due to root action, (2) accumulation of soil organic matter in the topsoil and formation of O and A horizons, (3) decrease of pH, (4) formation of pedogenic carbonates in soils and (5) decrease in soil salinity.
12
Solé, Pau, Diana Ferrer, Irene Raya, Meri Pous, Robert Gonzàlez, Sara Marañón, Josep Maria Alcañiz, and Vicenç Carabassa. "Physical and Chemical Properties of Limestone Quarry Technosols Used in the Restoration of Mediterranean Habitats." Land 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2023): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091730.
Анотація:
The lack of topsoil is frequently a limiting factor in limestone quarry restoration. This implies that new technosols for maintaining target habitats must be created using mining wastes as the main components. We designed three different technosols using different combinations of mineral materials (mining wastes, excavated soils and topsoil), organic amendment types (compost and digestate) and doses for the restoration of target habitats. Moreover, we monitored the main physicochemical indicators of the quality of the technosols. We observed not only an increase in soil organic carbon and plant nutrients related to the application of any type of organic amendment, but that the digestate mostly increased the soil resistance to erosion by improving soil aggregation even before the emergence of vegetation. Soil-water-retention capacity only improved in technosols built with organic amendments and topsoil. The combination of mining wastes, organic amendments and a superficial horizon of topsoil resulted in the most optimal technosol for the restoration of limestone quarries in the Mediterranean climate.
13
Gonçalves, Janaína Oliveira, Carolina Moreno Fruto, Mauricio Jaraba Barranco, Marcos Leandro Silva Oliveira, and Claudete Gindri Ramos. "Recovery of Degraded Areas through Technosols and Mineral Nanoparticles: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020993.
Анотація:
Anthropogenic sources such as urban and agricultural runoff, fossil fuel combustion, domestic and industrial wastewater effluents, and atmospheric deposition generate large volumes of nutrient-rich organic and inorganic waste. In their original state under subsurface conditions, they can be inert and thermodynamically stable, although when some of their components are exposed to surface conditions, they undergo great physicochemical and mineralogical transformations, thereby mobilizing their constituents, which often end up contaminating the environment. These residues can be used in the production of technosols as agricultural inputs and the recovery of degraded areas. Technosol is defined as artificial soil made from organic and inorganic waste, capable of performing environmental and productive functions in a similar way to natural ones. This study presents results of international research on the use of technosol to increase soil fertility levels and recover degraded areas in some countries. The conclusions of the various studies served to expand the field of applicability of this line of research on technosols in contaminated spaces. The review indicated very promising results that support the sustainability of our ecosystem, and the improvement achieved with this procedure in soils is comparable to the hybridization and selection of plants that agriculture has performed for centuries to obtain better harvests. Thus, the use of a technosol presupposes a much faster recovery without the need for any other type of intervention.
14
Coull, Malcolm, Benjamin Butler, Rupert Hough, and Luke Beesley. "A Geochemical and Agronomic Evaluation of Technosols Made from Construction and Demolition Fines Mixed with Green Waste Compost." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040649.
Анотація:
Construction and demolition fines (C&D-fines) and green waste compost (GWC) are two commonly generated urban waste materials that represent repositories of geochemical value. Here technosols were produced from volumetric mixtures of these materials ranging from 0–100% C&D-fines, with the remaining proportion comprised of GWC. Agronomic assessment was carried out by way of pot and rhizobox plant growth experiments with ryegrass, barley and pea to determine germination, plant mass and rooting behaviours. Geochemical and mineralogical evaluation was achieved by soil pore water solution measurements combined with X-ray powder diffraction analyses respectively, to characterise the technosols and their distinct deviations from a reference agricultural geogenic soil (soil). The results demonstrated that germination, growth and root mass/surface area of vegetation were up to 80-fold greater after 30-days in the technosol composed of equal volumes of the two materials (50% C&D-fines: 50% GWC) compared to the soil. High concentrations of Ca and Mg in pore waters (550–800 mg·L−1) were dominant features of the technosols, in contrast to the soil (<50 mg·L−1), resulting from gypsum and calcite enrichment of the C&D-fines. In contrast, the GWC represented a source of soluble K (450–1000·mg·L−1). Highly elevated Ca concentrations in extended leaching tests of the C&D-fines reflected ongoing gypsum dissolution, whereas soluble Mg and K were rapidly depleted from the GWC. In summary, short-term performance of the technosols as plant growth substrates was strong despite their geochemical and mineralogical distinction from soil. Gleaning additional geochemical value from combining urban wastes in this way is potentially suited to myriad scenarios where geogenic soils are contaminated, sealed or otherwise absent. Further assessment will now be needed to determine the geochemical longevity of the technosols before wider scale applications can be recommended.
15
Woś, Bartłomiej, Agnieszka Józefowska, Marek Pająk, Marcin Chodak, Jan Frouz, and Marcin Pietrzykowski. "Carbon and Macronutrient Budgets in an Alder Plantation Grown on a Reclaimed Combustion Waste Landfill." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040430.
Анотація:
Combustion waste landfills are unfavorable for revegetation due to nitrogen deficiency, and therefore, the introduction of nitrogen-fixing organisms, such as alder species (Alnus sp.), may be promising for reclamation and restoration of these sites. We investigated the carbon and macronutrient stocks in the combustion waste technosols and biomass of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) and grey alder (Alnus incana) 10 years after introduction onto a combustion waste landfill. The alder species were planted with or without lignite addition in planting holes, the latter acting as control plots. Black alder biomass was higher than that of grey alder. The total macronutrient stocks were higher in the uppermost technosol layer (0–30 cm) than in the biomass nutrient stocks. However, the K and P stocks in the black alder biomass were still greater than the exchangeable K+ and available phosphorus (Pav) stocks in technosols. This is important for the nutrition of the trees planted in combustion waste landfills and confirms the Pav deficit in investigated technosols. The differentiation of nutrients in biomass shows that the largest stock was found in the wood of trunks and branches (40–70% of the stock of individual biomass macronutrients). Although foliage biomass represented approximately 7% of the total tree biomass, the nutrient stocks therein represented a significant proportion of total nutrient stocks: approximately 27–29% nitrogen, 17–22% calcium, 28% magnesium, 7–10% potassium and 12–16% phosphorus. This is particularly important in the context of the turnover of nutrients from litterfall and soil organic matter and the circulation of nutrients in the ecosystem developed on combustion waste technosols.
16
Masiuk, O. M. "The formation of the soil section by morphological characteristics in technosol of Semenivsko-Holovkivske lignite open-cut." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 48 (October 24, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/441904.
Анотація:
Analysis of morphological descriptions of technosol sections indicates the following features of soil formation in technosol under common pine plantations. The particle-size composition in all variants depends above all on the composition of rocks, which form technosol. There is a color change in the upper layer of lithosol section, where the initial stage of humus formation and humus accumulation processes take place. The humus layer, which indicates the speed of these processes, is present only in the upper and lower third of the slope in 20-year-old common pine plantations and ranges from 7 cm in the upper to 10 cm in the lower third of the slope, which may be the result of flat erosion on the slope. There is no humus horizon in valley bottom, as spring water stagnation occurs there, which caused the death of most of the plantings, which were the main source of organic matter entering the soil. The inhibition in the processes of humus formation under the plantations that develop on the upland occurs due to the low content of the dusty fraction. The formation of the soil structure was not observed in technosols formed from rocks with light particle-size composition (sandy loam and sand); on loamy variants, it passes intensively in the upper 10–15 cm layer, which contains most plant roots, worms and insects. The presence of a plate structure has a industry-related origin and is formed when heavy machinery passes through rocks with a high moisture content. An important indicator of the initial processes of soil formation is the decompression of technosols and the speed of this process. This process is the most quick under 23-year-old plantations on a upland, cultivated on rocks with light particle-size composition (the loose horizon is 80 cm), on a slope in a 20-year-old plantation on heavier rocks, this process is much slower (the loose horizon is about 7–10 cm). Brown coal, inclusions of carbonaceous clays, rippled and kaolin clays can be found among the inclusions. The number and composition of the inclusions depends on the nature of the rocks, which form tehnosol. The new growths of biological origin should be mentioned, among which there are biological capillaries, represented by root passages with a diameter of 4–7 mm, filled with soil material enriched with organic substances and ones with the diameter of 2–3 mm to 1 cm, filled with coprolites and soil mass. Thus, changes in technosols identified by morphological features depend on open-pit rocks which form the edaphotope, their composition and properties, on the quality of the technical stage of reclamation and on the terrain of the formed territory.
17
Radmanovic, Svjetlana, Mirjana Markovic, Uros Jovanovic, Maja Gajic-Kvascev, Djuro Cokesa, and Jasmina Lilic. "Properties of humic acids from copper tailings 20 years after reclamation." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 3 (2020): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190717112r.
Анотація:
Part of Cu post flotation tailings of Serbia ZiJin Bor Copper, Serbia, was reclaimed by restoration of top soil with arable soils, and revegetation in 1991. Humic acids isolated from these Technosols were investigated to find out if their properties underwent any changes since reclamation. Two groups of control samples were used. Elemental composition (CHNS analysis) falls within the range of average soil humic acids. Humic acids belong to the type B pointing out to its lower humification degree (UV?Vis). Relative abundances of functional groups are ranged as follows: polysaccharide C ??aromatic C > carboxyl C > OH group > aliphatic C. Aromaticity indexes are low, 1.88? 3.25 (ATR-FTIR). Basic units at pH 10 are in the 11.7?26.8 nm range. Pronounced reaggregation (1462-?5218 nm) at pH 3 points out to less expressed humic acid sol stability, as well as to increase in aromatic condensation degree (dynamic light scattering). No significant changes have occurred in technosol humic acids since the recultivation, confirming stability of their properties over time (PCA). Nevertheless, humic acids from very strongly acidic Technosols show higher humifycation degree possibly originating from arable soils used in reclamation, but more likely from low soil pH and low litter input, results of unsuccessful reclamation.
18
Prado, Blanca, Lucy Mora, Thalita Abbruzzini, Sebastián Flores, Silke Cram, Pilar Ortega, Armando Navarrete, and Christina Siebe. "Feasibility of urban waste for constructing Technosols for plant growth." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 37, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2020.3.1583.
Анотація:
An alternative for sustainable urban development is to revegetate cities with the construction of planters as well as to recover degraded sites. The objective of this work was to characterize urban waste materials produced in Mexico City and to evaluate their potential for constructing Technosols for plant growth, as an alternative to use in revegetating the city without affecting natural landscapes. Construction and demolition waste materials amended with different application rates of compost made out of gardening wastes from Mexico City green areas were tested. Nine mixtures were prepared; three based on concrete, three based on demolition waste and three based on excavation waste. Changes on physical, chemical and physicochemical properties of these mixtures, namely nutrient contents, water retention and aeration capacity, were monitored in a twelve-month experiment. The mineralogy and the risk regarding the release of heavy metals and trace elements were also evaluated in the soluble fraction. The constructed Technosols were appropriate, to a greater or lesser extent, for tomato plant growth. Soil pH and soil electrical conductivity (EC) were the main factors defining their suitability; both parameters changed over time due to the washing of salts. The particle size of the mineral materials as well as the application rates of compost used in the construction of the Technosols resulted in adequate water holding capacity and soil aeration for plant growth. The type of parental materials defined the majority of the Technosol characteristics as well as their ability to function as a plant support. The concentrations of readily available heavy and trace metals were not a limitation for plant growth. However, potential co-transport of these elements with soluble organic matter should be considered in further research.
19
Tsyliuryk, О. І., V. І. Chorna, О. О. Gavryushenko, and L. М. Desiatnyk. "Change of agrophysical properties of ordinary chernozem under the tillage in crop rotation and on recultivated land in the steppe zone of Ukraine." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 1 (2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0167.
Анотація:
It is found that 0–30 cm arable layer density was in the range from 1.09 to 1.32 g/cm3 regardless of the tillage system at the beginning of spring field work. The compaction of 0–30 cm soil layer (by 0.02–0.14 g/cm3) was at the shallow mulching due to the loosening depth reduction to 12–14, 14–16 cm. There is an inversely proportion between soil porosity and density, i.e. the higher density, the lower pore volume in the soil. We can increase the porosity (up to 54.3 %) and improve the soil aeration (30.3–32.4 %) due to the primary tillage (especially plowing and chisel loosening) and crop residues, which leads to soil decompaction and the significant pore formation. At the end of field crop vegetation, there was a natural compaction of the soil due to natural and technogenic factors. As a result, the pore volume decreased by an average of 2.7–5.7 % under moldboard plowing and differentiated tillage system and by 1.5–3, 5 % – shallow nonmoldboard loosening. In the spring and during the growing season, the compaction of porous soil under the moldboard plowing and differentiated tillage system has always been more intensive compared to shallow nonmoldboard tillage. It is established that on the recultivated lands the total porosity and aeration porosity indicators in the model with zonal soil at long-term use of fertile layer gradually increased (52.5 → 59.2 → 60.3 %), however with the completion of intensive use of perennial agrocenosises they decreased to 56.4 %. For the model with loess-like loams, the patterns were similar. The increase of total porosity and aeration porosity in model with clays compared with the initially formed technosoils was observed. Key words: field crops, tillage system, density, porosity, chisel tillage, disking, bulk fertile layer.
20
Maslikova, K. P. "Eсomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna communities of technosols of the Nikopol Manganese Ore Basin". Biosystems Diversity 26, № 2 (11 квітня 2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011813.
Анотація:
This study established features of the animal population of artificial soil-like bodies – technosols in terms of ecomorphic analysis. The survey was conducted at the research station of the Dnipro State Agricultural University in the city Pokrov in 2012–2014. The experimental polygons were laid within four technosol types: pedozems, sod loess-like lithogenic soils on loam, grey-green clay and red-brown clay. The polygon consisted of 15 transects and each transect was composed of seven test sites. The distance between rows in the polygon was 3 m. Each test site was a square with size 3 × 3 m. The manual sorting of the soil-zoological samples was conducted within each site for areas 0.25 × 0.25 m to the depth where animals were found. Samples were taken in late April or early May. In general, for each period of counting for each polygon 105 soil-zoological samples were taken 123 species of invertebrates were found in the soil macrofauna community of the technosols. These communities are a steppe monoceonosis with a tendency to transformations into pseudoomonoceonosis on account of increased share of pratants. The soil macrofauna of sod lithogenic soils on grey-green clay and loam on loes-like clays is most adapted to xerophilous condition. Animal communities in pedozems and sod-lithogenic soils or on red-brown clay have a more mesophilic character. The trophoceonomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna community indicates a significant potential of the fertility of artificial soil. The aeromorphs’ structure reveals a significant ability of technosols to create cracks and pores, which can lead to hyperaeration. The dominant part of the of soil macrofauna community was hypercarbonatophils. Against the background of the steppe character, the soil macrofauna community had a topomorphic structure that is unusual for natural steppe black soil biogeocenoses on loess-like loam. The trophomorph structure was greatly dominated by phytophages, which indicates the prevalence of processes of mineralization of plant residues under the humification process. The phoromorphic spectrum of soil animal communities was dominated by ecological groups which move without the active construction of tunnels.
21
Grilli, Eleonora, Renata Concetta Vigliotti, Antonio Fiorentino, Monica Scognamiglio, Luigi Rossetti, Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira, Arun Dilipkumar Jani, et al. "Constructed Technosols as a Soil Rebuilding Technique to Reclaim Abandoned Limestone Quarries in the Mediterranean Region: A Field Study." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 5036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065036.
Анотація:
Soil rebuilding represents a major challenge in the recovery of abandoned quarries. In this study, we explored the possibility of using reconstructed Technosols, to achieve soil rebuilding goals at an abandoned quarry site. We first investigated the use of a mixture containing commercial manure and limestone debris (LD) as pedotechnomaterials for an “ad hoc” (re)constructed Technosol (CT), for the recovery of an opencast limestone quarry in one of most concentrated quarry areas in the world. In a field experiment, we tested and monitored different pedotechnosystems (PTSs) made up of constructed Technosol + pasture species + different Mediterranean plant species. Specifically, a control (CT, without any additional treatments) was compared to treatments with organic amendment (CTOA) and conventional fertilizers (CTCF). Data were collected over a 12-month period and included crop performance, plant nutritional state, soil physical-chemical parameters, and metabolites. Analysis of variance compared differences among treatments, while factor analysis (FA) interpreted multiple relationships while explaining observed variability. Results showed that CTOA had better soil physical-chemical properties, greater plant growth, and overall superior agronomic performances compared to all other treatments due to the improved substrate conditions. According to FA, these results appear related to the creation of fertile soil conditions, with most of the investigated metabolites (i) playing a pivotal role in observed outcomes, together with (ii) a clear potential in being considered as a reliable fingerprint for investigating plant responses in constructed PTSs. The proposed pedotechniques in CTOA development show a great potential for the full recovery of abandoned limestone quarries in degraded Mediterranean areas by providing an excellent medium for plant growth, facilitating environmental reclamation.
22
Aguilar-Garrido, Antonio, Ana Romero-Freire, Mario Paniagua-López, Francisco Javier Martínez-Garzón, Francisco José Martín-Peinado, and Manuel Sierra-Aragón. "Technosols Derived from Mining, Urban, and Agro-Industrial Waste for the Remediation of Metal(loid)-Polluted Soils: A Microcosm Assay." Toxics 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2023): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100854.
Анотація:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of six Technosols designed for the remediation of polluted soils (PS) by metal(loid)s at physicochemical, biological, and ecotoxicological levels and at a microcosm scale. Technosols T1–T6 were prepared by combining PS with a mix of organic and inorganic wastes from mining, urban, and agro-industrial activities. After two months of surface application of Technosols on polluted soils, we analysed the soil properties, metal(loid) concentration in total, soluble and bioavailable fractions, soil enzymatic activities, and the growth responses of Trifolium campestre and Lactuca sativa in both the Technosols and the underlying polluted soils. All Technosols improved the unfavourable conditions of polluted soils by neutralising acidity, increasing the OC, reducing the mobility of most metal(loid)s, and stimulating both the soil enzymatic activities and growths of T. campestre and L. sativa. The origin of organic waste used in the Technosols strongly conditioned the changes induced in the polluted soils; in this sense, the Technosols composed of pruning and gardening vermicompost (T3 and T6) showed greater reductions in toxicity and plant growth than the other Technosols composed with different organic wastes. Thus, these Technosols constitute a potential solution for the remediation of persistent polluted soils that should be applied in large-scale and long-term interventions to reinforce their feasibility as a cost-effective ecotechnology.
23
Perlatti, Fabio, Francisco Ruiz, Xosé Luis Otero, and Tiago Osório Ferreira. "Adsorption and Sequential Extraction of Copper in Technosols Prepared from Unconsolidated Mining Wastes Rich in Limestone, Bentonite, and Organic Matter." Mining 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2023): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining3010009.
Анотація:
In this work the adsorption and immobilization of copper ions of four different Technosols constructed with wastes were tested. These soils were made from mixtures of limestone wastes, organic matter, sand, and bentonite. The methods used were “batch” and columns experiments, where the soils were in contact with a Copper (Cu) rich solution for 24 h and afterwards for 24-weeks. Total concentration of adsorbed Cu, sequential extraction in the Technosols and Cu concentration in the leachates were evaluated. The results showed that the Technosols have high efficiency to rapidly immobilize Cu ions, and the percentage of adsorption varied between 87 and 99% in the batch experiment after 24 h. The sequential extraction showed that the materials used in the construction of technosols demonstrated high affinity for the metal, especially the carbonates and organic matter, which adsorbed 14–16% and 10–16% respectively of total Cu added via solution. However, most of the adsorbed Cu was found in the residual fraction (50–64%), which represented the less labile form of Cu. These results demonstrate that in addition to adsorb great part of the Cu added via solution, the Technosols immobilize Cu in a highly stable form, representing a great option for the reclamation of contaminated-Cu areas. However, the decrease in pH with time (24 weeks) showed a strong influence on the adsorption of Cu in Technosols, influencing the amount of leached copper. We therefore recommend the design of Technosols with limestone wastes, bentonite, and organic matter with periodical control of pH for fast and efficient retention of Cu.
24
Bolaños-Guerrón, Darío, Iván Galarza, Erika Llumiquinga, Theofilos Toulkeridis, and Luis Cumbal. "Design and Construction of a Prototype for Arsenic Retention in Mining-Contaminated Waters by Application of Nanoparticles-Based Technosols." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021286.
Анотація:
A large number of heavy metals are usually contained in mine-derived liquids, which could cause contamination of surrounding water sources. Due to the detrimental effects on the environment and health, conventional treatments have been employed to capture heavy metals in mining-polluted streams. This study shows the results of the operation of a built prototype for the retention of arsenic contained in waters contaminated by mining activities using Technosols (mixtures of local soil with nanoparticles). Our team previously run laboratory tests using fixed-bed columns to find out the best dose of the Technosol (97% soil + 3% nanoparticles). Based on these results, the sizing and building of a scale model were conducted, which in turn was used to evaluate the performance of the treatment in a concrete channel packed with reactive barriers. Variations in water volume, barrier separation and gate opening were tested to analyze the behavior of the proposed system and to obtain the most optimal hydraulic retention time that allowed the prototype to reach an arsenic retention level of a minimum of 70%. Moreover, to analyze the procedure under conditions of high arsenic contamination, samples of mine tailings were enriched with the toxic metalloid. It was found that the content of Fe in the local soil allowed adsorption of the contaminant, which was subsequently compared with the increase in the uptake of As due to the Fe/FeS multicomponent nanoparticles (NPs), dosed in the Technosol in a proportion of 97% soil + 3% NPs. The best treatment achieved 70.5% of As removal in ten cycles with a volume of 44 L. Tests were run at a maximum input flow rate of 43.8 L·min−1, an output flow rate of 13.2 L·min−1, a speed of 6.0 m·min−1 and a hydraulic retention time of 3.4 min per cycle. Results of arsenic retention using this prototype suggest that this simple and inexpensive technological setup could be scaled up to a functional field application to effectively capture the toxic metalloid.
25
Zhukov, O. V., D. V. Kovalenko, S. S. Kramarenko, and A. S. Kramarenko. "Analysis of the spatial distribution of the ecological niche of the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica (Stylommatophora, Enidae) in technosols." Biosystems Diversity 27, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011910.
Анотація:
The aim of our work is to describe the ecological niche of the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke, 1828) in terms of the edaphic properties and properties of the vegetation cover and to show the spatial features of the variation of the habitat preference index within the artificial soil body – technosols (soddy-lithogenic soils on loess-like clays) using the ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA). The research was carried out at the Research Centre of the Dnipro Agrarian and Economic University in Pokrov. Sampling was carried out on a variant of artificial soil (technozems) formed on loess-like clays. The test site where the sampling was conducted consists of 7 transects of 15 samples each. Test points form a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m. Soil mechanical impedance, aggregate-size distribution, soil electrical conductivity, vegetation physiognomic characteristics, and Didukh phytoindication scales were used as ecogeographic predictors of the mollusc’s ecological niche properties. Phytoindication assessment indicates that the technosol ecological regimes are favourable for sub-mesophytes, hemi-hydrocontrastophiles, neutrophiles, semi-eutrophs. The test for statistical significance showed that an axis of marginality of the ecological niche of B. cylindrica and axes of specialization are significantly different from the random distribution. We found that the ecological niche of the mollusc is determined by both edaphic factors and ecological features of vegetation. The marginality of B. cylindrica ecological niche over the entire period of study is determined mainly by preferences for physiognomic vegetation types, higher values of the continentality and thermality regimes. Often greater content in the soil of aggregates 1–3 mm in size coincides with greater numbers of B. cylindrica individuals. Individuals of this species avoid physiognomic type III and areas with higher soil alkalinity and mineralization detected both by means of the phytoindication approach and soil electrical conductivity data. Ecological niche optima may be presented by integral variables such as marginality and specialization axes and plotted in geographic space. The spatial distribution of the B. cylindrica habitat suitability index (HSI) within the technosols is shown, which makes it possible to predict the optimal conditions for the existence of the species.
26
Aguilar-Garrido, Antonio, Marino Pedro Reyes-Martín, Patrícia Vidigal, and Maria Manuela Abreu. "A Green Solution for the Rehabilitation of Marginal Lands: The Case of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Grown in Technosols." Plants 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142682.
Анотація:
Reclamation of abandoned mining areas can be a potentially viable solution to tackle three major problems: waste mismanagement, environmental contamination, and growing food demand. This study aims to evaluate the rehabilitation of mining areas into agricultural production areas using integrated biotechnology and combining Technosols with a multipurpose (forage, food, ornamental and medicinal) drought-resistant legume, the Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet. Two Technosols were prepared by combining gossan waste (GW) from an abandoned mining area with a mix of low-cost organic and inorganic materials. Before and after plant growth, several parameters were analysed, such as soil physicochemical characteristics, nutritional status, bioavailable concentrations of potentially hazardous elements (PHE), soil enzymatic activities, and development and accumulation of PHE in Lablab, among others. Both Technosols improved physicochemical conditions, nutritional status and microbiological activity, and reduced the bioavailability of most PHE (except As) of GW. Lablab thrived in both Technosols and showed PHE accumulation mainly in the roots, with PHE concentrations in the shoots that are safe for cattle and sheep consumption. Thus, this is a potential plant that, in conjunction with Technosols, constitutes a potential integrated biotechnology approach for the conversion of marginal lands, such as abandoned mining areas, into food-production areas.
27
Baragaño, Diego, José Luis R. Gallego, Gaspar Baleriola, and Rubén Forján. "Effects of Different In Situ Remediation Strategies for an As-Polluted Soil on Human Health Risk, Soil Properties, and Vegetation." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060759.
Анотація:
The demand for soils for recreational uses, gardening, or others in urban and periurban areas is increasing, and thus the presence of polluted technosols in these areas requires nature-based in situ remediation technologies. In this context, the capacity of three amendments, namely zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), compost and a mixture of compost and biochar, to immobilise As in a polluted technosol simultaneously cultivated with Lolium perenne L. were tested and compared. The characteristics of the soil were comprehensively characterised by chemical and X-ray analysis to determine As contents, distribution, and mineralogy. As mobility was evaluated by the RBA methodology and then potential human health risks, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic, were assessed in all treatments. The nZVI treatment reduced risks due to the As immobilisation obtained (41% As decrease, RBA test), whereas the organic amendments did not imply any significant reduction of the RBA values. As to soil properties, the organic treatments applied lowered the pH values, increasing cation exchange capacity, and carbon and nutrient contents. To determine impacts over plant production, fresh biomass, As, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P were measured in Lolium under the different treatments. Notably, organic amendments improved As extraction by plants (57% increase), as well as fresh biomass (56% increase). On the contrary, nZVI diminished As extraction (65% decrease) and promoted a fresh biomass decrease of 57% due to nutrients immobilisation (61% decrease of P in plants tissues).
28
Grard, Baptiste J.-P., Nastaran Manouchehri, Christine Aubry, Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste, and Claire Chenu. "Potential of Technosols Created with Urban By-Products for Rooftop Edible Production." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093210.
Анотація:
Urban agriculture is sprouting throughout the world nowadays. New forms of urban agriculture are observed such as rooftop farming. In the case of low-tech rooftop farming projects, based on recycled urban waste, one of the key issues is the type of substrate used, as it determines the functions and ecosystem services delivered by the green roof. Using a five year experimental trial, we quantified the food production potential of Technosols created only with urban wastes (green waste compost, crushed wood, spent mushroom), as well as the soil fertility and the potential contamination of food products. Regarding food production, our cropping system showed promising results across the five years, in relation with the high fertility of the Technosols. This fertility was maintained, as well as the nutrients stocks after five cropping years. Most of the edible crops had trace metals contents below existing norms for toxic trace metals with nevertheless a concern regarding certain some trace metals such as Zn and Cu. There was no trace metal accumulation in the Technosols over time except for Zn. This study confirmed that constructing Technosols only from urban wastes is a suitable and efficient solution to design rooftops for edible production.
29
Cimermanova, Michaela, Peter Pristas, and Maria Piknova. "Biodiversity of Actinomycetes from Heavy Metal Contaminated Technosols." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081635.
Анотація:
Technosols are artificial soils generated by diverse human activities and frequently contain toxic substances resulting from industrial processes. Due to lack of nutrients and extreme physico-chemical properties, they represent environments with limited bacterial colonization. Bacterial populations of technosols are dominated usually by Actinobacteria, including streptomycetes, known as a tremendous source of biotechnologically important molecules. In this study, the biodiversity of streptomycete-like isolates from several technosols, mainly mine soils and wastes (landfills and sludge) in Slovakia, was investigated. The combination of basic morphological and biochemical characterisations, including heavy metal resistance determination, and molecular approaches based on 16S rRNA gene analysis were used for the identification of the bacterial strains. From nine isolates of Actinobacteria collected from different habitats, one was found to represent a new species within the Crossiella genus. Eight other isolates were assigned to the genus Streptomyces, of which at least one could represent a new bacterial species. Some isolates showed high resistance to Pb, Zn, Cu or Ni. The most tolerated metal was Pb. The results obtained in this study indicate that technosols are a prospective source of new actinomycete species resistant to heavy metals what underlines their bioremediation potential.
30
Kozłowski, Michał, Krzysztof Otremba, Marek Pająk, and Marcin Pietrzykowski. "Changes in Physical and Water Retention Properties of Technosols by Agricultural Reclamation with Wheat–Rapeseed Rotation in a Post-Mining Area of Central Poland." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 7131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097131.
Анотація:
During opencast lignite mining, the natural landscape is damaged, along with soils, and new anthropogenic landforms are created which require reclamation. Usually, the evaluation of the effects of reclamation (mostly forestry) is concerned with changes in chemical properties in the first years, mainly in the surface horizon. This study analyzed the effect of long-term agricultural reclamation (43 years) on the physical and water retention properties of Technosols. The experiment involved cultivation of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape under 3 fertilization variants. After 43 years, an Ap horizon (Ap1 and Ap2) developed in fertilized Technosols, but was not clearly formed in unfertilized minesoil. In Ap1, there was improvement in the physical quality (S), bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), structural stability index (SI), soil porosity (SP), air-filled porosity (AFP), field capacity (FC) and plant available water capacity (PAWC). In Ap2, properties were comparable to those in the surface horizon of unfertilized Technosols and to those observed before reclamation. Regardless of fertilization, there was deterioration in physical quality in parent materials. In general, the properties of fertilized Technosols have improved in the surface horizons, but increasing fertilization above plant requirements does not lead to their further enhancement.
31
Leguédois, Sophie, Geoffroy Séré, Apolline Auclerc, Jérôme Cortet, Hermine Huot, Stéphanie Ouvrard, Françoise Watteau, Christophe Schwartz, and Jean Louis Morel. "Modelling pedogenesis of Technosols." Geoderma 262 (January 2016): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.008.
32
Malić, Nenad, Una Matko Stamenković, Mihajlo Marković, and Zlatan Kovačević. "Sudangrass (Sorghum Sudanense Pers.) in the Reclamation of Technosols in the Stanari Mining Area." Contemporary Agriculture 66, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2017-0019.
Анотація:
SummaryThe surface exploitation of mineral raw materials inevitably changes the environment, thus resulting in soil degradation. This paper presents the results of growing sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Pers.) in the reclaimed Deposol (technosols) in the Stanari Coal Mine area. Green manuring was the cultural practice used for sudangrass growing and land reclamation. The purpose of this research is to increase the amount of organic matter in the Deposol surface layer. The research was performed within a two-year period (2009-2010) at the experimental (technosol) site of the Stanari Coal Mine, located on the inside part of the overburden deposition site, near the Raskovac pit. The research of green manuring included a two-factor experiment with four replications. Two cultivars of sudangrass (Factor A) were used with three fertilization treatments (Factor B). The soil analyses indicated a sandy and low fertile soil. The experimental plot Deposol showed favorable physical properties, whereas its chemical and biological properties proved very unfavourable. The highest yield of biomass (29.15 t ha-1), as well as the dry matter (10.30 t ha-1), was recorded in the cultivar ‘Piper Sweet’ (in 2009), which was completely treated with mineral fertilizers. The lowest yields of biomass (2.05 t ha-1) and dry matter (0.95 t ha-1) were observed in the cultivar ‘Srem’ in 2010. Statistically significant differences were found between the treatments applied, emphasizing that only certain cultivars of sudangrass and types of fertilization (encompassing reasonably high amounts of nitrogen) can significantly increase the amount of organic matter in Deposol.
33
Napoletano, Pasquale, Claudio Colombo, Erika Di Iorio, Valeria Memoli, Speranza Claudia Panico, Anna Gabriella Ruggiero, Lucia Santorufo, Giulia Maisto, and Anna De Marco. "Integrated Approach for Quality Assessment of Technosols in Experimental Mesocosms." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 9101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169101.
Анотація:
The assessment of Technosols quality in urban environments is pivotal for the maintenance of ecosystems impacted by human activities. The study was performed on Technosols constructed in experimental mesocosms in the suburban area of Naples (Southern Italy) to highlight changes in the main soil properties over eight years and to identify the most suitable indices at quality monitoring. In this study, several chemical, biological, and integrated indices were analysed to evaluate the mineral accumulation, potential ecological risk, edaphon activity, fertility, and the overall soil quality. The Technosols showed alkaline pH, nitrogen ranged from 24.5 to 39.5 g kg−1, high organic matter contents above 40 g kg−1, and there were no evident processes of soil compaction. Heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) did not exceed the thresholds defined by the Italian law for urban soils, despite their volcanic components. During eight years, the chemical indices depicted changes in the elements balance and increase in ecological risk; the biological indices indicated a reduction in the fungal fraction (fivefold) and in the resources utilisation and carbon storage. The soil quality index with all parameters highlighted the reduction in the soil quality (from 0.78 to 0.65) due to the decrease of the chemical quality, the increase of microbial stress conditions, and changes of the microbial composition, underlining the importance of integrating chemical and biological information for monitoring Technosols.
34
Ruiz, Francisco, Fabio Perlatti, Daniel P. Oliveira, and Tiago O. Ferreira. "Revealing Tropical Technosols as an Alternative for Mine Reclamation and Waste Management." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020110.
Анотація:
This study was based on the premise that Technosols constructed under tropical conditions are a valuable tool for inexpensive mine reclamation programs. These anthropogenic soils are still poorly studied in Brazil and are not recognized by the Brazilian Soil Classification System. Given the importance of mining to the Brazilian economy (the sector accounts for 20% of all products exported and 5% of the gross domestic product), there is an urgency to properly manage the large amount of waste produced. For this purpose, we suggest the use of Technosols as a strategy to overcome both land degradation and waste production by presenting a successful case of mine rehabilitation combining limestone wastes and tropical grasses. We show that Technosols constructed from the mine spoils can develop into soils suitable for agriculture in a few years, promoting land reclamation and producing food and energy. These soils are also valuable resources that can provide important ecosystem services, such as organic carbon storage.
35
Deeb, Maha, Michel Grimaldi, Thomas Z. Lerch, Anne Pando, Agnès Gigon, and Manuel Blouin. "Interactions between organisms and parent materials of a constructed Technosol shape its hydrostructural properties." SOIL 2, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-163-2016.
Анотація:
Abstract. There is no information on how organisms influence hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols and how such influence will be affected by the parent-material composition factor. In a laboratory experiment, parent materials, which were excavated deep horizons of soils and green waste compost (GWC), were mixed at six levels of GWC (from 0 to 50 %). Each mixture was set up in the presence/absence of plants and/or earthworms, in a full factorial design (n = 96). After 21 weeks, hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols were characterized by soil shrinkage curves. Organisms explained the variance of hydrostructural characteristics (19 %) a little better than parent-material composition (14 %). The interaction between the effects of organisms and parent-material composition explained the variance far better (39 %) than each single factor. To summarize, compost and plants played a positive role in increasing available water in macropores and micropores; plants were extending the positive effect of compost up to 40 and 50 % GWC. Earthworms affected the void ratio for mixtures from 0 to 30 % GWC and available water in micropores, but not in macropores. Earthworms also acted synergistically with plants by increasing their root biomass, resulting in positive effects on available water in macropores. Organisms and their interaction with parent materials positively affected the hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols, with potential positive consequences on resistance to drought or compaction. Considering organisms when creating Technosols could be a promising approach to improve their fertility.
36
Pavlů, L., and M. Mühlhanselová. "Differences in humic acids structure of various soil types studied by DRIFT spectroscopy." Soil and Water Research 13, No. 1 (January 24, 2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/76/2017-swr.
Анотація:
The method of diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) proved to be useful for studying the soil organic matter structure. The aim of this study was to compare DRIFT spectra of humic acids (HAs) separated from various soils and to identify their specific nature. Samples of agricultural soils (Dystric Cambisol, Haplic Chernozem, Greyic Phaeozem, and Haplic Luvisol) were collected from humic (A) horizons. Soil samples of reclaimed dumpsites (Haplic Technosol (molic) and (calcic)) were taken from the upper part of the soil profile. Samples of forest soils were collected from surface organic (H) horizons of Cambisols in spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and beech (Fagus silvatica L.) forests. The selected soil types differ in pH, carbon content, texture, and humus quality. An extraction of HAs was performed using a mixture of 0.5 M NaOH and 0.1 M Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. The separated HAs were freeze-dried and analyzed using a DRIFT spectrometer (Thermo Nicolet Nexus) without KBr dilution. There were found differences in relative aromaticity among the agricultural soils HAs. The most aromatic character was observed in HAs from Chernozems and the least in Cambisols. Preservation of the natural structure of Chernozem HAs during the reclamation process was documented on the HAs spectra from Haplic Technosols (molic). By using the DRIFT spectra of HAs of forest H horizons, it is possible to identify the fragments of decomposed material (gymnosperms or angiosperms). HAs isolated from these horizons represent a certain interstage between lignin and the matured soil humic acids.
37
Deeb, M., M. Grimaldi, T. Z. Lerch, A. Pando, A. Gigon, and M. Blouin. "Interactions between organisms and parent materials of a constructed Technosol shape its hydrostructural properties." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 1309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1309-2015.
Анотація:
Abstract. Constructed Technosols provide an opportunity to recycle urban waste, and are an alternative to the uptake of topsoil from the countryside. Despite potential problems of erosion, compaction or water holding capacity, their physical properties and the resulting water regulation services are poorly documented. In a laboratory experiment, excavated deep horizons of soils and green waste compost (GWC) were mixed at six levels of GWC (from 0 to 50 %). Each mixture was set up in the presence/absence of plants and/or earthworms, in a full factorial design (n = 96). After 21 weeks, hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols were characterized by soil shrinkage curves. Organisms explained the variance of hydrostructural characteristics (19 %) a little better than parent-material composition (14 %). The interaction between the effects of organisms and parent-material composition explained the variance far better (39 %) than each single factor. To summarize, compost and plants played a positive role in increasing available water in macropores and micropores; plants were extending the positive effect of compost up to 40 and 50 % GWC. Earthworms affected the void ratio for mixtures from 0 to 30 % GWC and available water in micropores, not in macropores. Earthworms also acted synergistically with plants by increasing their root biomass and the resulting positive effects on available water in macropores. Organisms and their interaction with parent materials thus positively affected the hydro-structural properties of constructed Technosols, with potential positive consequences on resistance to drought or compaction. Considering organisms when creating Technosols could be a promising approach to improve their fertility.
38
Carvalho, A., C. Nabais, S. R. Roiloa, and S. Rodríguez-Echeverría. "Revegetation of abandoned copper mines: the role of seed banks and soil amendments." Web Ecology 13, no. 1 (September 16, 2013): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-13-69-2013.
Анотація:
Abstract. Mining is one of the main causes of environmental pollution by heavy metals and (re)vegetation of mine spoils is the most effective method of preventing wind and water erosion and the consequent spread of contaminants to surrounding areas. However, plant establishment and growth are conditioned by some limiting factors of mine soils, such as low pH, low fertility, high heavy metal concentration, and a small seed bank to initiate plant establishment. Improving soil physical and chemical properties is required in many cases for successful (re)vegetation programs. In the copper mine of Touro, Galicia, Spain there is a large-scale project of soil amendment underway using technosols, a mixture of several organic residuals, to improve the conditions of mine soils. We evaluated the seed bank of several types of technosols, mine soil and soil from a control area outside the mine by studying seedling emergence in these soils. In a second experiment we evaluated the impact of increasing pH with liming and the admixing of nutrient-rich soil on the growth of two grasses (Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata) and two legumes (Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterrraneum) both sown individually and in mixtures. Seedling emergence and species richness were highest in the technosols. Soil amendments promoted plant growth, with the addition of high-nutrient soil being the best amendment for the four plant species tested. Plant growth was impaired in the mine soil. Lolium perenne was the only plant species that germinated and grew in this soil. We found that soil amendments, either through the addition of technosols, pH buffering or nutrient enrichment, are essential for promoting the revegetation of mine areas.
39
Abakumov, Evgeny V., Ya T. Suyundukov, T. A. Pigareva, I. N. Semenova, R. F. Khasanova, G. Ya Biktimerova, Yu S. Rafikova, and G. R. Ilbulova. "Biological and sanitary evaluation of Sibaisky quarry dumps of the Bashkortostan Republic." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 10 (October 28, 2019): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-10-929-934.
Анотація:
Dumps of quarries for the extraction of copper pyrite in Urals region of the Bashkortostan Republic are the problem object, which represents a main technogenic source of environmental pollution. Soils of Sibaisky quarry dumps are characterized by the elevated content of heavy metals relatively to maximum permissible concentrations and regional geochemical background. In sanitary hygienic evaluation of the pollution by studied technosols according to the total pollution index (Zc) it was revealed that according to the content of total forms studied technosols are referred to moderately hazard, while in regards of the same index concerning the content of the mobile forms technosols are referred to the category of hazardous. In this regard, in plant products grown in the area adjacent to the dumps, there was revealed an excess on cadmium. The biological activity of soils is very low, due to the low microbial community development. Soil formation in the dumps is almost not expressed, appearing in the formation of low-thick underdeveloped humus horizon with a little diversity of species and projective cover. Sanitary-hygienic situation in conditions in the quarry dump area is unfavorable, that does not allow newly formed soils to carry out environmental functions effectively
40
Willaredt, Moreen, Thomas Nehls, and Andre Peters. "Predicting soil hydraulic properties for binary mixtures – concept and application for constructed Technosols." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 16 (August 29, 2023): 3125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3125-2023.
Анотація:
Abstract. Constructed Technosols are an important means of substituting natural soil material, such as peat and geogenic material, for use in urban green infrastructure. One characteristic of Technosols important to their role in urban green infrastructure, specifically with respect to urban water management, is their soil hydraulic properties (SHPs). The SHPs depend on the composition of the constructed Technosols (e.g. their components and their mixing ratio). The diversity of possible components and the infinite number of mixing ratios practically prohibit the experimental identification of the composition needed to achieve suitable soil hydrological functions. In this study, we propose a compositional model for predicting the water retention curves (WRCs) of any binary mixture based on the measured WRCs of its two pure components only (basic scheme) or with one additional mixture (extended scheme). The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves (HCCs) are predicted based on the modelled WRCs. The compositional model is developed from existing methods for estimating the porosity of binary mixtures. The model was tested on four data sets of measured WRCs of different binary mixtures. The distribution of water and air in 50 cm high soil columns filled with these mixtures was predicted under hydrostatic conditions in order to assess their suitability for typical urban applications. The difference between the maxima of the pore size distributions ΔPSDmax (m) of the components indicates the applicability of the compositional approach. For binary mixtures with small ΔPSDmax, the water content deviations between the predicted and the measured WRCs range from 0.004 to 0.039 cm3 cm−3. For mixtures with a large ΔPSDmax, the compositional model is not applicable. The prediction of the soil hydraulic properties of any mixing ratio facilitates the simulation of flow and transport processes in constructed Technosols before they are produced (e.g. for specific urban water management purposes).
41
Kharytonov, Mykola, Nadia Martynova, Mykhailo Babenko, Iryna Rula, Nicoleta Ungureanu, and Vasilica Ștefan. "Production of Sweet Sorghum Bio-Feedstock on Technosol Using Municipal Sewage Sludge Treated with Flocculant, in Ukraine." Agriculture 13, no. 6 (May 27, 2023): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13061129.
Анотація:
This paper presents the influence of sewage sludge (SS) on the biometric parameters, absorption of mineral elements and thermal characteristics of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown on Technosol. Two types of sewage sludge were used: unmodified and modified with DAMET flocculant. Each type of sludge was applied in three doses (expressed as dry matter basis, DM): 20 t DM/ha, 40 t DM/ha and 60 t DM/ha, respectively. The yield of fresh biomass depended on the dose of sewage sludge: it increased by 14.5–41% and reached 104.6 t/ha after application of the sewage sludge with flocculant at a maximum rate of 60 t/ha. Sorghum biomass actively absorbs nutrients from the soil. Nitrogen was absorbed more actively; depending on the type and dose of sewage sludge application, its content in biomass increased from 12–40% (dose of 20 t/ha) to 80–112% (dose of 60 t/ha). By content in sorghum biomass, essential elements can be arranged in descending order as follows: Fe → Mn → Zn → Cu. Sorghum shows a low ability to accumulate some heavy metals in aboveground biomass. Despite the fact that large doses of sewage sludge contributed to an increase in the content of nickel, cadmium and lead in the substrate by 1.8–5.6 times, the ratio of the content of these elements in plants to the content in the substrate remained low. Sewage sludge affects the process of thermal degradation of sorghum biomass. The decomposition of the main components occurs at lower temperatures, and, as a rule, at higher rates. Sewage sludge (especially with flocculant) contributes to a more complete combustion of biomass. The results showed that sewage sludge with flocculant at a dose of 40 t/ha is the most optimal fertilizer option for growing sweet sorghum on such Technosols as loess-like loam.
42
Gonzalez, Paloma Hueso, Mykola M. Kharytonov, and Jose Damian Ruiz Sinoga. "The physical and chemical properties of the technosols in the pot experiment with waste and groundwater irrigation." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 33, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112407.
Анотація:
Mediterranean areas are characterized by a strong spatial variability that makes the soil hydrogeological logical response highly complicated. Some seasons provoke dramatic changes in soil properties determining the runoff rates, such as soil water content or soil water repellency. In recent years, important progress has been made in adapting water needs to local conditions through the use of various parameters to assess soil water status. Estimation of the water status of the soil has been widely used in soil science as a tool for quantitative analysis. The main objective of this case study was to analyze technosol and irrigation water physical and chemical properties in the pot experiment with lysimeters. A pot experiment with Avocado rootstocks was equipped with lysimeters in the facilites of the «La Mayora Experimental Field site» of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (Spain). The scheme of the pot experiment included three sources of irrigation: a) groundwater; b) regenerated municipal wastewater (100%); c) a mix of ground and regenerated municipal wastewater (50 / 50%). Chemical analysis data indicate that the reclaimed wastewater does not meet irrigation requirements in terms of pH, EC and due to the significant content of sodium and chlorine. Even groundwater satisfies irrigation water qualitative requirements partially. The suitability of irrigation water on pH level can be characterized mainly as unsuitable and doubtful. Diluting regenerated wastewater with groundwater following the 50% principle led to a decrease in the potential risks for salinization of groundwater connected with leaching of the leachate. The dynamics of the change in the volume of leachate are related to precipitation, the frequency of irrigation, and different manifestations of the physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties of technosols.
43
Kunakh, Olga, and Darya Kovalenko. "Fitting Competing Models of the Population Abundance Distribution: Land Snails from Nikopol Manganese Ore Basin Technosols." Ekológia (Bratislava) 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2019-0027.
Анотація:
AbstractThis paper examines the temporal dynamics of terrestrial mollusks of the Nikopol manganese ore basin technosols. The research was carried out at the Research Centre of the Dnipro Agrarian and Economic University in Pokrov (Ukraine). Sampling was carried out in 2012–2014 on four variants of artificial soil: formed on red-brown clays, on loess-like loams, on gray-green clays, and on humus-rich layer. The distribution of the number of individuals in a mollusk population was described by broken stick, Motomura, log-normal, Zipf, and Zipf-Mandelbrot models. It was shown that the series of models that best describe mollusk abundance distribution is specific for a particular species and technosols type and generally is invariant over time.
44
Ivashchenko, Kristina, Emanuela Lepore, Viacheslav Vasenev, Nadezhda Ananyeva, Sofiya Demina, Fluza Khabibullina, Inna Vaseneva, et al. "Assessing Soil-like Materials for Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Technosols." Land 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111185.
Анотація:
Urbanization results to a wide spread of Technosols. Various materials are used for Technosols’ construction with a limited attention to their ecosystem services or disservices. The research focuses on the integral assessment of soil-like materials used for Technosols’ construction in Moscow megalopolis from the ecosystem services’ perspective. Four groups of materials (valley peats, sediments, cultural layers, and commercial manufactured soil mixtures) were assessed based on the indicators, which are integral, informative, and cost-effective. Microbial respiration, C-availability, specific respiration, community level physiological profile, and Shannon’ diversity index in the materials were compared to the natural reference to assess and rank the ecosystem services and disservices. The assessment showed that sediments and low-peat mixtures (≤30% of peat in total volume) had a considerably higher capacity to provide C-sequestration, climate regulation and functional diversity services compared to peats and high-peat mixtures. Urban cultural layers provided ecosystem disservices due to pollution by potentially toxic elements and health risks from the pathogenic fungi. Mixtures comprising from the sediments with minor (≤30%) peat addition would have a high potential to increase C-sequestration and to enrich microbial functional diversity. Their implementation in urban landscaping will reduce management costs and increase sustainability of urban soils and ecosystem.
45
Séré, Geoffroy, Christophe Schwartz, Stéphanie Ouvrard, Jean-Christophe Renat, Françoise Watteau, Geneviève Villemin, and Jean Louis Morel. "Early pedogenic evolution of constructed Technosols." Journal of Soils and Sediments 10, no. 7 (March 21, 2010): 1246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0206-6.
46
Ferrández-Gómez, Borja, Juana Dolores Jordá, Antonio Sánchez-Sánchez, and Mar Cerdán. "Characterization of Technosols for Urban Agriculture." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (November 9, 2023): 15769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215769.
Анотація:
Soil characterization is essential for planning activities in urban areas in order to detect potential risks and understand the possible impacts derived from those activities. Nine soils located in Alicante (southeast of Spain) developed over construction debris were studied. Soil characteristics including mineralogy, elemental composition and metal availability were analyzed in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020. These soils were similar to forest soils in the same area, with no evidence of asbestos clays or excess harmful elements. However, the use of DTPA extraction revealed high levels of Mn and Zn in some soils. Organic carbon and metals extracted with DTPA differed in 2019 and 2020, but no relationship between metal-DTPA and organic carbon content was observed. In general, organic matter content was higher in 2019, and elements extracted with DTPA were lower. The above-average rainfall in 2019 could have led to the washing away of dissolved materials and fine soil particles, decreasing elemental availability on the one hand, while promoting the development of natural vegetation, increasing soil organic matter, and immobilizing elements in living organisms on the other hand. The fact that the metal mobility varies depending on weather and soil characteristics is important when planning. Despite the demonstrated advantages of increasing urban green areas from an environmental and social point of view, we should not forget the materials on which urban soils are developed. Therefore, it is essential to establish annual plans for monitoring variations in the availability of heavy metals. This is of the most relevance when the plants are for human consumption. It is therefore also necessary to control the vegetables that grow on these soils and, in the event of possible problems, use the soil for gardening.
47
Lysak, L. V., S. A. Shoba, T. V. Prokof’eva, A. M. Glushakova, N. V. Goncharov, and A. A. Belov. "Abundance and Diversity of Prokaryotic Communities of Dust Aerosol and Urban Soils on the Territory of Moscow." Почвоведение, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x22601359.
Анотація:
The complex (quantitative and qualitative) characteristics of prokaryotic communities of solid atmospheric fallouts (dust aerosol) and soils in the territory of Moscow in areas with different intensity of anthropogenic load have been done. The total number of bacteria in the studied samples of solid atmospheric fallouts (SAF) was lower than the number of bacteria in soil samples; actinomycete mycelium was not found in the dust samples, although it was found in soil samples. The number of culturable saprotrophic bacteria in dust samples was an order of magnitude lower than in Urbic Technosols taken from the same plots. Representatives of the genus Micrococcus dominated among cultivated bacteria in the dust aerosols, while representatives of the phylum Proteobacteria dominated in soils. Representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family were found in the dust samples, among which there are species that are potential human pathogens. The maximum biodiversity of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family was recorded in the dust samples taken in areas with increased anthropogenic and transport load. The sanitary-indicative bacterium Escherichia coli was found in all samples of the dust and Urbic Technosols, its content varied (from 10 to 100 CFU/g), according to the degree of epidemic danger it characterizes dust and soils as moderately dangerous. Ecological indices calculated for prokaryotic communities in situ (barcoding of the 16S rRNA gene) indicate a lower taxonomic diversity of SAF prokaryotic communities compared to communities of closely spaced Urbic Technosols.
48
Krasavtseva, E. A., L. A. Ivanova, A. V. Svetlov, and D. V. Makarov. "Biotesting of Binding Reagents for Dust Suppression on Rare Metal Tailings Waste in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation." Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, no. 12 (December 12, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-12-15-20.
Анотація:
The paper presents the results of environment safety assessment of Russian and foreign binding reagents (Syntex-65, Lukoil DD 3000, Voltes PP-300 and Dustbind) used for remediation of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the Murmansk region. The paper shows that in the presence of anti-erosion and water-retentive phytocenosis on technosoil of loparite ore tailings, these reagents have a partial inhibitory effect on the first first seedlings of timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and statistically (p <0.005) affect its main quality indicators (plant height and biomass). Effective methods of applying reagents to the dusty surface of technosoil were identified. When using the Lukoil DD 3000 reagent as an analogue of Dustbin – continuous, for Voltes PP-300 – fragmentary, when using Syntex-65 – continuous in the mode of simulated hydroseeding.
49
Bolaños-Guerrón, Darío R., Viviana P. Sánchez-Gómez, Johanna Paz, Andrés R. Izquierdo, Carina Stael, and María Balseiro-Romero. "Arsenic Retention on Technosols Prepared with Nanoparticles and Ferric Soil from Mine Drainage Water." Journal of Nanotechnology 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6840856.
Анотація:
Mining activities generate a large amount of solid waste and acid drains that contain heavy metals in high concentrations. In wastewater of gold mines from Southern Ecuador (Portovelo), arsenic concentrations between 4.8 and 27.5 μg/L have been detected. In this context, the objective of this study is to prepare a technosol, which was used in the capture of arsenic dissolved in the acid drains. Technosol was elaborated using a clay-silty soil (iron-rich soil), collected in the mining area, and iron nanoparticles synthetized with the extract of orange peel. The technosol was experimentally characterized using adsorption isotherms and uptake kinetics. Besides, a mathematical model was developed using Vensim® to scale the process and predict the dynamic behavior of the adsorbent. Results indicate that adsorption behavior of technosol can be fitted to Langmuir isotherms (R2 > 0.9), with 95% of adsorption of As from an input of 4.5 mg/L. The model will be useful to predict the time needed to remedy contaminated water and the duration of the adsorbent (until its saturation).
50
Shirokikh, I. G., N. A. Bokov, E. V. Dabakh, L. V. Kondakova, and T. Ya Ashikhmina. "Diversity of active bacterial communities in the disposal sites of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise." Theoretical and Applied Ecology, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-174-183.
Анотація:
The composition and taxonomic structure of the phylum Actinobacteria were studied on the example of technosols formed on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise in the floodplain of the Vyatka River. The diversity of actinobacteria in soil samples taken from three spatially remote monitoring sites (SG, SU1 and SU2), differing in the complex of physico-chemical properties and the nature of the vegetation cover, was studied. The results were compared with the background soil (BS) – alluvial soil selected on the territory of the Nurgush State Nature Reserve. The studies were carried out using high-performance sequencing using Illumina technology and the culture method (seeding). The culture method revealed representatives of the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium and a number of oligospore forms in the actinobacterial complexes. The total number of actinomycetes in the samples of technosols varied from 2.4·104 to 1.8·105 CFU/g, and in the background soil was 8.5·103 CFU/g. Families of actinomycetes established by the seeding method were also detected using the amplicon sequencing of the V4 section of the 16S rRNA gene, but the molecular method made it possible to identify a number of other taxa in the studied samples, including those that do not have cultured representatives or are not yet classified. Using amplicon sequencing, it was found that representatives of the phylum Actinobacteria in samples of technogenically disturbed soils are absolute dominants in relative abundance in the total bacterial diversity. The proportion of actinobacteria in disturbed soils ranges from 33 to 41%, while in the background soil it is only 22%. Actinobacteria in the samples of technosols were represented by the families Micromonosporaceae, Micrococcaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Actinosynnemataceae, and Intrasporangiaceae, etc. The taxonomic spectrum of actinobacteria in the BS sample was similar to technosols, but the proportion of taxa was different. The results obtained will be used in further studies of soil actinobiota in connection with changes in ecosystems disrupted by human economic activity, and are also of interest for the search and isolation of natural strains of actinobacteria for biotechnology purposes.