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1
Graham, Mary, and Helen Scarborough. "Information Technology Outsourcing by State Governments in Australia." Australian Journal of Public Administration 56, no. 3 (September 1997): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1997.tb01263.x.
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Connor, M. A., and D. Reeve. "The Clean Technology Incentive Scheme of the State of Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 8 (April 1, 1994): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past decade environment protection policies have placed increasing emphasis on waste minimisation and cleaner production techniques. The Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia, has sought to encourage waste minimisation by establishing a Clean Technology Incentive Scheme. This Scheme makes available secured interest-free loans of up to $100,000 to selected small and medium-sized companies proposing to install proven yet innovative waste reducing technology. Applications are evaluated by a Review Committee drawn from a diversity of backgrounds. The technical feasibility, innovativeness, environmental benefits and financial soundness of proposals are assessed and a short-list of potential loan recipients prepared. The managerial competence and financial status of short-listed applicants is checked before loans are made. The Scheme was established in 1988 and since then 35 offers of loans have been made. Whilst the newness of the Scheme makes evaluation of its long-term effectiveness premature, results to date are encouraging. Case studies of three especially successful projects are presented.
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Richardson, James K. "Percy Rollo Brett OBE (1923–2022)." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 10, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n3.628.
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Percy Rollo Brett OBE (11 November 1923 to 8 August 2022) was a highly respected head of the PMG/APO (later Telecom Australia/Telstra) Research Laboratories between 1964 and 1975. He was promoted to Head of Planning for Telecom Australia in July 1975, and then State Manager, Victoria for that organization in 1980–1983. Rollo’s achievements as Director of the Research Laboratories included building links with Australian universities to strengthen the Laboratories’ expertise in longer term research, and masterminding the Laboratories’ move from six different sites in central Melbourne to a single site, in purpose-designed buildings in Clayton, opposite Monash University’s main campus. In the early 1970s, he used the expertise he gained as Chairman of the Telecommunications and Electronics Standards Committee of the Standards Association of Australia to lead the Australian Post Office’s conversion of all its standards to metric. Upon retirement in 1983 he was awarded the OBE.
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Smith, P., B. Maheshwari, and B. Simmons. "Urban water reform in Australia: lessons from 2003–2013." Water Supply 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2014): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.045.
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Extreme rainfall variability, record droughts, floods and high temperatures have had a major impact on social wellbeing, economic productivity and environmental functionality of urban settings in Australia. Compounded by urban growth and ageing water and wastewater infrastructure, Australia's urban water arrangements have undergone major reforms to effectively manage the challenges of recent years. This paper is a synthesis of urban water reform in Australia during a decade of unforeseen natural extremes. It summarises the evolution of urban water policy, outcomes from recent government reforms and investment, and presents future challenges facing the sector. As governments at state and federal levels in Australia have moved to diversify supply options away from the traditional reliance on rainfall-dependent catchment storages, they have been confronted by issues relating to climate uncertainty, planning, regulation, pricing, institutional reforms, and community demands for sustainable supply solutions. Increases in water prices to pay for new water infrastructure are illustrative of further reform pressures in the urban water sector. In the past 10 years the Australian urban water sector has weathered new extremes in drought and flood and emerged far different to its predecessor. The provision of safe, secure, efficient and sustainable water and wastewater services remains the primary driver for urban water reform. However the challenges and opportunities to improve nationally significant social, economic and environmental outcomes from urban water have evolved considerably. The focus now is on creating the institutional, regulatory and market conditions favourable for the integration of urban water services with the objectives for productive and liveable cities.
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Griffith, G. R. "Economic effects of alternate growth path, time of calving and breed type combinations across southern Australian beef cattle environments: industry-wide effects." Animal Production Science 49, no. 6 (2009): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ‘Regional Combinations’ project and its biophysical outcomes, and the subsequent identification of the most profitable beef cattle production systems across different environments in southern Australia, have been described in several other papers in this special edition. In this paper, the economic calculations reported for each of the individual beef enterprises representative of the various state sites are aggregated up to the level of the Australian cattle and beef industry and then projected forward over several years into the future. To do this, an existing model of the world beef market is used. The analyses suggest that both the fast-growth-rate technology and the time-of-calving technology have the potential to generate significant economic benefits for the southern Australia cattle and beef industries. The cumulative present values of each technology are around $70 million over a 15-year time horizon at a 7% real discount rate.
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Hailey, David. "The history of health technology assessment in Australia." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (July 2009): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090436.
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Objectives:To describe the development and application of health technology assessment (HTA) in Australia.Methods:Review of relevant literature and other documents related to HTA in Australia.Results:Most HTA activity in Australia has been associated with provision of advice for the two national subsidy programs, Medicare, and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). National advisory bodies established by the federal government have had a prominent role. Assessments from the advisory bodies have had a major influence on decisions related to Medicare and the PBS, and in some other areas. Technologies without links to the national subsidy schemes, and those that are widely distributed, have been less well covered by HTA. To some extent these are addressed by evaluations supported by state governments, but details of approaches taken are not readily available.Conclusions:HTA in Australia now has a long history and is well established as a source of advice to health decision makers. Challenges remain in extending the scope of assessments, developing more transparent approaches in some areas, and consistently applying appropriate standards.
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Allen, Margaret. "Unprecedented times – The state library of Western Australia’s COVID-19 experience." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 30, no. 2-3 (August 2020): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0955749020985341.
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The State Library of Western Australia was forced to close to the public under a declared State of Emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 56 days of full closure, the Library quickly adapted services to meet restrictions, collected COVID-19 related material, transitioned some staff to working from home and undertook collection-related projects and minor refurbishment works. The Library had maintained a current pandemic plan, but significant decisions about service closure, risks and responses and strategic human resource considerations were made at the highest levels of government. Although not considered essential services enabling them to remain open to the community, the State Library and public libraries in Western Australia were among the first services to reopen within strict protocols under a staged lifting of restrictions. Social media was an essential tool in staying connected with the community, providing advice about service changes, delivering online services and engaging the community to secure donations of COVID-19-related material for the Library’s collections. Difficulties in collecting material efficiently and quickly about the Western Australian experience of an event of global significance were highlighted. Transitioning some staff to working from home arrangements presented policy and technology challenges and highlighted a digital divide for Library staff including their lack of access to appropriate technology at home. Although the pandemic is ongoing and uncertainty still exists, the COVID-19 experience is informing collection development policy, digital service delivery direction, human resource policies and advocacy.
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Ferreira, João J., Cristina Fernandes, and Vanessa Ratten. "Environmental-related patent technology transfer effectiveness." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-10-2017-0079.
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PurposeEnvironmental-related technology transfer is increasingly being viewed as a policy issue and a business goal to be pursued by countries in order to increase their global competitiveness. Despite this policy importance, the research analysing environmental-related technology transfer comparing international rates of participation is limited. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyse the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data using econometric analysis to compare environmental-related technology patents between Portugal and Australia in terms of environmental management, water-related adaptation, and climate change mitigation.FindingsThe results suggest that environmental-related patents, in turn, are always registered in greater numbers by Australia than by Portugal but with both countries outpaced by the OECD average.Research limitations/implicationsThe research implications are that Australia has more international cooperation around the development of environmental-related technology patents than Portugal.Practical implicationsThe authors find that overall these patents do not have any statistically significant effect on predicting gross domestic product growth but there has been a higher number of patents for Australia focusing on water-related adaptation technology than for Portugal, which may be a result of policies aimed at increasing effective use of water in Australia.Originality/valueThe results of the analysis suggest that the OECD member state cooperation increases the number of environmental-related technology patents and serves as a mechanism to facilitate internationalisation.
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Thoumi, Andrew, Gerald B. Fogarty, Elizabeth J. Paton, and Stephen Shumack. "Is the contribution of Australian research to the national 2019 clinical practice guidelines for keratinocyte cancer adequate? A simple analysis." International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy 8, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijrrt.2021.08.00307.
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Introduction: The Australian 2002 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) treatment guidelines for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were updated in 2008. At this time, the lack of high-quality Australian research conducted between 2002 to 2008 was noted. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the improvement in the quantity and quality of Australian research in the 2019 keratinocyte cancer guidelines. Secondary aims included an assessment of the quantity and quality of Australian research in comparison to the guidelines provided by the other selected countries, and an evaluation of the improvements in the Australian contribution since 2008. Method: Surgical (Sx) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment sections were interrogated. The analysis was simple. Each reference was counted as one unit. The quantity assessment was carried out by categorizing the references according to their country of origin: Australia, United Kingdom (UK), United States (US) and European Union (EU) countries, which were grouped as one country (EU) for the purpose of this study. The number of references from each country were then added up. To assess for quality, all references were ranked according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) rating scale. A quality ratio for each country was then calculated by dividing the total number of prospective trials (i.e., levels I and II) by the number of retrospective studies (level III and lower) from each country if the numbers were sufficient. To evaluate the Australian improvement since 2008, Australian references were first categorized according to their year of publication (2002 to 2017), and then allocated to one of four bins of class intervals representing time periods. Results: Twenty-five of the 133 Sx references in the 2019 guidelines were Australian, which was less than the US (58) and EU (37), but better than the UK (12). Quality ratios were: Australia 0.8, UK 1.4, US 0.31, and EU 0.48. Of the 238 RT references, Australia contributed 53, US 107, EU 62, and UK 16. Quality ratios were: Australia 0.06, UK 0.3, US 0.18, and EU 0.34. Australia’s contribution to the UK and US RT guidelines were evaluated. For the UK RT guidelines (11 references), Australia contributed 3, UK 1, US 2 and EU 5. For the US ASTRO guidelines (101 references), Australia contributed 20, UK 1, US 44 and EU 36. Quality ratios were Australia 0.11, US 0.19 and EU 0.2. For Australian research overtime (2002-2017), the quantity and quality of Sx papers are decreasing; whereas for RT, the quantity is increasing but the quality remains poor. Conclusion: The contribution of Australian research to Australia’s own keratinocyte cancer guidelines is not the highest and did not improve over the period of evaluation. The same can be stated for Australia’s research contribution to the UK and US RT guidelines. Australia needs to do more high-quality research.
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Vivian Moraa Nyaata. "Situating children in divorce mediation in South Africa and Australia: A comparative study." Journal of Policy and Development Studies (JPDS) 1, no. 1 (August 26, 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jpds.v4i1.226.
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This study focuses on situating children in divorce mediation in South Africa and Australia. This study investigates how South Africa and Australia have domesticated and are implementing relevant international laws and policies that allows hearing the voices of children in divorce mediation. This study found that South Africa and Australia do not have specific legislation that provides hearing in the child's voice in divorce mediation. However, the Australian government funds on-going research to improve the hearing of a child's voice in divorce mediation. Aided by government funding, Australia has developed unique techniques to listen to the child's voice during divorce mediation. The special priority afforded to children’s rights in South Africa and Australia is justified under the Capabilities approach cost-effectiveness principle because it prevents a spiralling need for state intervention later in the lives of its citizens. Some of the techniques used by the Australian government go beyond the requirements of the UNCRC and ACRWC. For example, some FRCs employ technology to screen for child abuse before hearing a child's voice in divorce mediation. Like the Office of the Family Advocate in South Africa, FRCs use a teamwork approach where child consultants and mediators work together to listen to the child's voice during divorce mediation.
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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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Lambert, Robyn, Naomi Burgess, Nadine Hillock, Joy Gailer, Pravin Hissaria, Tracy Merlin, Chris Pearson, Benjamin Reddi, Michael Ward, and Catherine Hill. "South Australian Medicines Evaluation Panel in review: providing evidence-based guidance on the use of high-cost medicines in the South Australian public health system." Australian Health Review 45, no. 2 (2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20018.
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ObjectiveThe South Australian Medicines Evaluation Panel (SAMEP) was established in 2011 to make evidence-based recommendations on the funding of high-cost medicines in South Australian public hospitals via a high-cost medicines formulary. SAMEP represents one component of South Australia’s process for state-based health technology assessment (HTA). The aim of this study was to describe the experience of SAMEP in the context of Australia’s complex governance model for hospital-based care. MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of the SAMEP process and outcomes of medicine evaluations. Decision summaries and meeting minutes were reviewed and reflected upon by the authors to explore the views of the SAMEP membership regarding the function of the committee and state-based HTA more broadly. ResultsSAMEP has reviewed 29 applications, with 14 (48%) listed on the high-cost medicines formulary. Three applications have been the subject of outcome review and confirm expectations of patient benefit. ConclusionRetrospective review of the committee experience suggests that state-based HTA as operationalised by SAMEP is feasible, provides greater equity of access to high-cost medicines in the South Australian public hospital system and allows for access with evidence development. What is known about the topic?State-based hospital funders often need to make decisions on the provision of high-cost medicines for which there is no national guidance or subsidy. Little published information exists about state-based approaches to medicines evaluation and reimbursement within public hospitals in Australia. What does this paper add?The South Australian experience demonstrates a method for states and territories to tackle the challenges of providing evidence-based access to high-cost medicines in Australian public hospitals. What are the implications for practitioners?This paper provides information for other jurisdictions considering state-based approaches to medicines evaluation and contributes to the broader literature about state-based HTA in Australia.
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Stevenson, Hayley. "Creating a Climate of Convenience: Australia's Response to Global Climate Change (1996–2007)." Energy & Environment 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830508783563091.
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This article discusses how issue framing and nondecision-making shaped Australia's response to global climate change between 1996 and 2007. The complex and multi-dimensional nature of global climate change enabled state and non-state actors to selectively highlight certain aspects of the issue, thereby framing it as a specific problem with corresponding solutions. The case of Australia provides an interesting example of how such conscious framing, together with underlying institutional biases, may suppress important aspects of global climate change and ensure they are kept off the political agenda. This article unravels four narratives that are evident in the former Australian Government's framing of global climate change during this period. The nondecisions which are embedded within these narratives have important normative implications which will be explored.
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Mitra, Jay, Venu Kumar, and Owain Wyn. "The Quiet Australian Harvest." Industry and Higher Education 13, no. 5 (October 1999): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000099101294582.
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Australia's outstanding economic success in recent years has been aided by significant developments in science and technology research and by the ways in which research has been exploited for commercial development. Australia's success in this respect, and its rapid and sometimes innovative development of such vehicles for R&D exploitation as science and technology parks, makes it a suitable case for study. This paper arises from the findings of a study mission from the UK, which set out to identify and analyse the various ways in which Australia is addressing the challenge of science and technology exploitation. The authors focus on current science, technology and innovation policies at state and national levels, and assess the various ways in which science and technology parks have been used as vehicles for innovation, business development and economic regeneration. The paper is divided into three main parts: Part 1 discusses policy issues at state and Commonwealth levels; Part 2 is concerned with technology, innovation and economic regeneration and describes various science and technology park developments; and Part 3 assesses the ways in which university-industry links are manifested in science and technology parks. A concluding section summarizes the key aspects of Australia's strategy for economic development through science and technology, in terms of both policy and implementation.
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Stevens, Leonie, and Lynette Russell. "The Dutch East India Company (VOC) Tasman Map and Australia: Competing Interests, Myth Making, and an Australian Icon." Thematic Issue: The Social Lives of Maps, Volume 1 92-93 (August 10, 2022): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1091245ar.
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The floor of the entrance to the Mitchell Library vestibule, which is part of the State Library of New South Wales, displays a stunning mosaic 1939-1941 reproduction of a seventeenth century map recording Abel Tasman’s two journeys of 1642 and 1644. It charts the west, north and southern coasts of the Australian continent, but is incomplete, thus representing the historical moment between an imagined Terra Australis Incognita, and the final survey of the east coast which presaged British colonisation. The original Tasman map, also held by the Mitchell library and currently undergoing restoration, has a strange and chequered biography. This paper explores the myths associated with what is known colloquially as the Bonaparte Tasman map, in honour of its last owner Prince Roland Bonaparte, a nephew of Napoleon. We examine its contested origins and role as an agent of Dutch East India Company imperial ambitions, relegation to forgotten cast-off when that empire collapsed, Bonaparte’s desire to gift it to the nascent Australian Commonwealth as a symbol of new nationhood, and the international subterfuge involved in its acquisition by not by the nation, but the State Library of NSW. Analysis of what was known of the map in the decades prior to its arrival in Australia challenges the conventional narratives, and we propose the biography of the Tasman map (and its embodiment in the Mitchell Library vestibule mosaic) is a study in imperialism, colonialism, federation, and power.
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Pritchard, D. L., N. Penney, M. J. McLaughlin, H. Rigby, and K. Schwarz. "Land application of sewage sludge (biosolids) in Australia: risks to the environment and food crops." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.274.
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Australia is a large exporter of agricultural products, with producers responsible for a range of quality assurance programs to ensure that food crops are free from various contaminants of detriment to human health. Large volumes of treated sewage sludge (biosolids), although low by world standards, are increasingly being recycled to land, primarily to replace plant nutrients and to improve soil properties; they are used in agriculture, forestry, and composted. The Australian National Biosolids Research Program (NBRP) has linked researchers to a collective goal to investigate nutrients and benchmark safe concentrations of metals nationally using a common methodology, with various other research programs conducted in a number of states specific to regional problems and priorities. The use of biosolids in Australia is strictly regulated by state guidelines, some of which are under review following recent research outcomes. Communication and research between the water industry, regulators and researchers specific to the regulation of biosolids is further enhanced by the Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership (ANZBP). This paper summarises the major issues and constraints related to biosolids use in Australia using specific case examples from Western Australia, a member of the Australian NBRP, and highlights several research projects conducted over the last decade to ensure that biosolids are used beneficially and safely in the environment. Attention is given to research relating to plant nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus (including that of reduced phosphorus uptake in alum sludge-amended soil); the risk of heavy metal uptake by plants, specifically cadmium, copper and zinc; the risk of pathogen contamination in soil and grain products; change to soil pH (particularly following lime-amended biosolids); and the monitoring of faecal contamination by biosolids in waterbodies using DNA techniques. Examples of products that are currently produced in Western Australia from sewage sludge include mesophilic anaerobically digested and dewatered biosolids cake, lime-amended biosolids, alum sludge and compost.
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Thorpe, Amelia. "Too little, too soon? An assessment of Australian carbon capture and storage legislation against the new standards set for the Clean Development Mechanism." Climate Law 3, no. 2 (2012): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2012-060.
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At the 2011 UN climate summit in Durban, agreement was reached on rules for the inclusion of carbon capture and storage as part of the Clean Development Mechanism. Advocates of the technology have hailed this as a major milestone, and it is widely predicted that the industry will now grow considerably. Australia, with significant geological formations and enabling legislation already in place at both federal and state levels, is likely to be one of the countries pioneering this growth. The CDM decision, being the first internationally agreed set of rules for CCS, provides an important benchmark against which to assess Australian legislation. In this context, the article reviews the legal frameworks for CCS in Australia. Interestingly, Australia’s CCS laws would not satisfy the standards set for host-country legal frameworks under the CDM. However, Australia does offer some lessons that may be useful for the regulation of CCS in other jurisdictions.
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Cook, Margaret. "Australia's Entanglement in Global Cotton." Agricultural History 96, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2022): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-9619788.
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Abstract Cotton in Australia has always been entwined with America and England. From the initial stimulus of the American War of Independence to the boost created by the boll weevil outbreak in the 1920s, the fortunes of Australian cotton producers have been shaped by American history as much as their own nation's political and economic imperatives. Scientists and farmers relied on American experience, importing seed, knowledge, personnel, and technology. The global market reflected fluctuations in the US cotton industry and the demands of English cotton mills. Australia relied on the imports of the English cotton mills and an injection of funds by the British Cotton Growing Association (BCGA) in the 1920s to boost industry. While Australian politicians promoted cotton as a domestic economic and demographic stimulant, fulfilment of these nation-state objectives was deeply entangled with, and dependent on, those of America and England.
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Karim, Shakir, and Ergun Gide. "The Use of Interactive Mobile Technology to Improve the Quality of Health Care Services in Private and Public Hospitals in Australia." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 6 (October 29, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i6.9204.
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<p>The research questions, "As an Australian, can we expect fully Mobile Technology integrated health care services in Australia? Is it possible everywhere in Australia?" A healthcare system whether private or public should provide comprehensive health care services all over in Australia including countryside and CBD. In addition, the term ‘Mobile Technology integrated health care’ refers to a healthcare system designed for electronic and smart devices which can be used anytime and anywhere in the world. This research paper examines ‘how patients can access GPs, specialists, private and public hospitals in Australia’, which provide interactive Mobile Technology based health services. The research has mainly used secondary research data analysis and methods to provide a broad investigation of the issues relevant to interactive Mobile Technology and health care system in Australia, the problems, problem factors, benefits and opportunities in the health care industry. The research is subject to academic journal articles, conference proceedings, academic text books, project reports, online media articles, corporation-based documents and other appropriate information, including a technology adoption or acceptance research model for Mobile Technology integrated health care system. The preliminary stage of the research findings show that the proposed integrated Mobile Technology model can be applied to the current health care system in Australia, particularly improving patients’ smooth access to GPs, specialists, public and private hospitals. Finally, the Mobile Technology integrated health care system will ensure that the framework is user and environmentally friendly including positive and active interactions with all system functions.</p>
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Ho, G., S. Dallas, M. Anda, and K. Mathew. "On-site wastewater technologies in Australia." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0346.
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Domestic wastewater reuse is currently not permitted anywhere in Australia but is widely supported by the community, promoted by researchers, and improvised by up to 20% of householders. Its widespread implementation will make an enormous contribution to the sustainability of water resources. Integrated with other strategies in the outdoor living environment of settlements in arid lands, great benefit will be derived. This paper describes six options for wastewater reuse under research by the Remote Area Developments Group (RADG) at Murdoch University and case studies are given where productive use is being made for revegetation and food production strategies at household and community scales. Pollution control techniques, public health precautions and maintenance requirements are described. The special case of remote Aboriginal communities is explained where prototype systems have been installed by RADG to generate windbreaks and orchards. New Australian design standards and draft guidelines for domestic greywater reuse produced by the Western Australian State government agencies for mainstream communities are evaluated. It is recommended that dry composting toilets be coupled with domestic greywater reuse and the various types available in Australia are described. For situations where only the flushing toilet will suffice the unique “wet composting” system can be used and this also is described. A vision for household and community-scale on-site application is presented.
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George, Alex S. "Proteus in Australia. An overview of the current state of taxonomy of the Australian Proteaceae." Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 4 (1998): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98024.
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With the Proteaceae completed for the ‘Flora of Australia’, we now have a reasonably accurate picture of its alpha systematics. Currently the family world-wide contains some 1769 species in 80 genera. In Australia there are 1093 species (c. 61.7 % of the world total) in 46 genera (57.5 %); about 99% of the species are endemic. Where do we go now? For many small genera (e.g. Franklandia, Austromuellera) the alpha taxonomy is settled, but in some small and all larger genera further research at specific and infrageneric level is needed, especially into highly variable ‘species’ (e.g. Banksia marginata) and species-complexes (e.g. the Grevillea biternata group). Much field work is required for some groups, not only to explore under-collected areas (where new taxa will undoubtedly be found) but also to study variation and such aspects as root systems, response to fire, seedlings, flower and fruit development, predation, seed dispersal and dormancy. There will be some further refinement of generic delimitation. Phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classifications require further elucidation; even well studied genera (e.g. Banksia) contain problematic taxa. This will involve new data from such fields as anatomy (including developmental anatomy), molecular studies, DNA analysis and gene sequencing. As data improve, so will understanding world-wide relationships. Despite the use of computer technology, intuition and interpretation will continue to generate different classifications and evolutionary models.
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Godfrey, R. Bruce. "Renewable Energy Technologies in Australia: Research, Status and Prospects." Energy & Environment 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830508783563118.
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In support principally of environmental goals – principally reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector – Australian Federal and State governments have put in place a range of measures to support the deployment of increasing levels of renewable energy products and services. These market-making mechanisms complement Australia's leadership in a wide range of technologies for stationary energy applications of renewable energy, including photovoltaics, electricity storage, concentrating solar power, small wind turbines, energy efficiency products, hot dry rock geothermal and wave power. Industry is responding to these market and technology opportunities, and associated policy measures to support their growth, with the aim of growing a sizeable renewable energy sector that delivers economically competitive solutions for Australian and export markets.
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Norman, Francis G. "Building collaborative capacity to address Australia’s growing decommissioning needs." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S334—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21145.
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Australia and indeed the Asia-Pacific region is facing a significant decommissioning workload. Recent work by the Centre of Decommissioning Australia (CODA) puts Australia’s potential offshore decommissioning cost at around US$40 billion and Wood Mackenzie predicting the region’s decommissioning to be in excess of US$100 billion. CODA was established in 2021 to support the coordinated effort required across the entire Australian value chain to address this immense domestic workload safely and effectively. Building on the release of the 2021 liability report, CODA, in conjunction with a number of operators, has undertaken three additional studies, looking at: planning and execution global best practice applicable to Australian operations; a decommissioning technology roadmap, and; a recycling and disposal pathways report. Supported by these studies to understand the current state and needs of the Australian decommissioning industry, CODA’s primary focus is to build domestic capacity and capability. To this end CODA is working with operators, the service and supply sector, state and federal government, regulators and researchers to establish a collaborative network that can enhance the visibility of upcoming work, surface and support the growth of domestic capability and share best practice in decommissioning. This paper highlights findings from the new reports and shares insights into CODA’s ongoing work to build an inclusive Australian decommissioning community of practice ready to undertake the next decades of activity.
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Ratcliffe, Julie, Gang Chen, Elisabeth Huynh, Frank Xu, Katherine Stevens, John Brazier, and Joffre Swait. "OP55 Health Technology Assessment In Children And Adolescents: Adolescent Preferences For Child Health Utility 9D Health States." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700143x.
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INTRODUCTION:Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life play a key role in the calculation of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) for Health Technology Assessment (HTA). The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) is a new preference-based instrument designed specifically for application in children and adolescents (aged 7 to 17 years). This study aimed to compare Chinese and Australian adolescent population preferences for CHU9D health states using profile case best worst scaling (BWS) methods.METHODS:Fifty CHU9D health states (blocked into five survey versions) were generated for valuation using a fractional factorial design. Study participants were recruited through an online panel company in Australia, and through primary and secondary schools in China. A latent class modelling framework was adopted for econometric analysis.RESULTS:A total of 1,982 respondents (51 percent female) in Australia and 902 respondents (43 percent female) in China provided useable survey responses. Latent class analysis indicated the existence of preference heterogeneity for both population groups. In the Australian sample, respondents in Class I placed the most importance on the mental health dimensions of the CHU9D (for example, Worried and Annoyed) and the least importance on daily activities (for example, Activities, Daily routine, Sleep), whilst respondents in Class II placed equal weights on all attributes. In the Chinese sample, respondents in Class I placed the most importance on the Activities dimension of the CHU9D and the least importance on the Annoyed dimension, whist Class II placed the most importance on the Schoolwork dimension and the least importance on Pain.CONCLUSIONS:This study has provided important cross-country insights into the use of profile case BWS methods to elicit health state preferences with young people for application in HTA in children and adolescents. The differential latent classes identified between Australia and China highlights the necessity to derive country-specific adolescent scoring algorithms for the CHU9D instrument for application in HTA.
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Clifford, Peter W., and Robert T. Evans. "The State of Corporate Governance Practices in Australia." Corporate Governance: An International Review 4, no. 2 (April 1996): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.1996.tb00135.x.
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Cai, Lixin. "State dependence of labour force participation of married Australian women." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2016-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of labour force participation behaviour of married Australian women, with a focus on identifying the sources of observed inter-temporal labour force participation persistence. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic Probit model is applied to the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, a national representative panel survey of Australian households. The model used accounts for observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity and serially correlated transitory shocks to labour supply. Findings The results show that both observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity contributes to observed inter-temporal persistence of labour force participation of married Australian women, but the persistence remains even after controlling for these factors. It is also found that failing to control for serially correlated unobserved transitory shocks would lead to underestimation of genuine state dependence of labour force participation; and that state dependence of labour force participation varies with age, education, health, immigration status and the number of children under the school age. Originality/value This study adds to the international literature on labour force dynamics of women by providing Australian empirical evidence and through a flexible modelling framework. The result that there exists genuine positive state dependence in married Australian women’s labour force participation suggests that policy intervention that increases married women’s labour supply would have a long-lasting effect.
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Harvey, Nick. "Energy Related Projects and Environmental Impact Legislation in South Australia." Energy & Environment 5, no. 4 (December 1994): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500401.
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Australian projects designed for the production, distribution and use of energy are generally governed by specific legislation within individual States, mostly for the promotion and regulation of resource development. These projects are also subject to environmental protection provisions in Commonwealth and State legislation, in particular environmental impact assessment legislation, which has a much longer history than in Europe. This paper examines the application of the Commonwealth and the South Australian environmental impact assessment legislation to South Australian energy related projects, focusing on the period from 1982–1993. The paper notes the importance of the State government and its instrumentalities in all major energy supply and energy use projects. The paper also notes that significant energy related projects are subject to public scrutiny through the environmental impact assessment process in South Australia but that key energy policy decisions which may also have significant impacts are not subject to the same public scrutiny. The paper concludes by canvassing strategic environmental assessment options as an alternative to project based assessment for energy related projects.
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Hurlimann, Anna, and Sara Dolnicar. "Acceptance of water alternatives in Australia – 2009." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.007.
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In a nationally representative study with a sample size of 1495, Australian residents were asked about their attitudes to recycled and desalinated water. Specifically, they were asked to state how likely they would be to use these sources of water for 14 purposes. Recycled water was found to have a higher stated likelihood of being used for watering gardens (compared to desalinated water). No significant differences in likelihood of use were found for toilet flushing, car washing and cleaning. For all other uses (including drinking), desalinated water had higher likelihood of use ratings. Respondents were also asked about their intention to relocate under four different water scenarios. This is a topic not studied before in the Australian context. Results indicate that respondents' stated likelihood to relocate was highest when there was insufficient water to meet their needs, followed by when recycled water was introduced into their supply, then the introduction of desalinated water. The scenario where residents had to rely on self-purified rain water from a tank had the lowest level of relocation intention. The results indicate that the increased provision of rainwater tanks may be the most publically acceptable water alternative for Australians at this point in time.
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Chapman, AL, JD Sturtz, AL Cogle, WS Mollah, and RJ Bateman. "Farming systems in the Australian semi-arid tropics-a recent history." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960915.
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The recent history of dryland farming in the Australian semi-arid tropics is discussed briefly against the background of national and state policies, established following World War II, aimed at increasing the population and development of northern Australia. Some reference is also made to irrigation as a means of overcoming limitations imposed by rainfall and to complement dryland farming systems. The environmental and socio-economic constraints whch have so far limited commercial agriculture in the Australian semi-arid tropics are highlighted. Efforts, particularly in north-west Australia, to develop sustainable farming systems based on legume pasture leys and livestock production in conjunction with annual cropping, as a basis for closer settlement, are reviewed. These attempts, which began in the 1960s and stemmed from earlier post-war agricultural research in the region, initially relied on a pasture legume (Stylosanthes humilis cv. Townsville stylo) and conventional tillage. Farming system development continues today using new legume species (e.g. Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and Centrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade) and no-tillage cropping technology. This paper documents the history of agricultural and research development, and commercial practice in the Australian semi-arid tropics.
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Warburton, A. M., J. A. Grove, and S. Then. "GEOSEQUESTRATION—A SOLUTION FOR AUSTRALIA?" APPEA Journal 46, no. 1 (2006): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj05026.
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Managing its growing greenhouse gas emissions has become a key issue in Australia’s energy and environmental policy.Geological storage (or geosequestration) of carbon dioxide emissions produced by power stations and gas processing plants is being promoted as an innovative way to combat the threat of climate change. Australian governments and industry are interested in the process because it would allow Australia to continue to rely on its extensive fossil fuel reserves as an energy source and export commodity into the future. The process, however, is still in an experimental phase. If geosequestration does prove to be a viable technology then regulatory changes will be required to facilitate large-scale commercial use.This paper discusses the status of geosequestration development in Australia. It considers some of the key legal and regulatory issues that would need to be addressed to allow geosequestration projects to proceed, including:jurisdictional issues between State and Commonwealth governments;access to land and rights to use storage sites;priorities between competing land uses;potential application of third party access regimes to geosequestration infrastructure;potential legal liabilities, especially over the longer term; and,the extent to which a consistent national approach to the regulation of geosequestration may be required. This paper is general in nature and must not be relied upon as legal advice in any respect.
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Ecker, S., A. Karafilis, and R. Taylor. "Challenges of the Blackwood Basin, Western Australia." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0504.
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Growing concern about the declining state of the catchment and river led to the formation of the Blackwood Basin Group in 1992. Funded primarily by the Natural Heritage Trust and using the river as the focus, the group aims to provide leadership and support to achieve sustainable management of natural resources in the catchment. Through an Integrated Catchment Management approach, the Blackwood Basin Group has managed a range of projects to improve the community's understanding and management of the Blackwood River and its catchment. A number of research, education, demonstration and on-ground action activities relating to river management have been undertaken in partnership with community and local, state and federal government organisations. Activities include demonstrations and evaluations of riparian restoration, funding riparian restoration activities, protection of high conservation value remnant vegetation, a flood risk study, zone action planning and monitoring the condition of the river and its tributaries.
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Jones, B. Max, Alan Ralph, and Trevor G. Mazzucchelli. "Remembering Jay S. Birnbrauer." Behaviour Change 34, no. 4 (December 2017): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.4.
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Professor Jay Spencer Birnbrauer peacefully passed away on November 1, 2017, aged 83, in Perth, Western Australia. Known to his friends and colleagues in Australia as ‘Birny’, he was a pioneer of applied behaviour analysis on both the Australian and world stage. He contributed to the development of behaviour-analytic technology for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the 1960s and played a central part in the formation of the Australian Behaviour Modification Association (known today as the Australian Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy) in the 1970s. He was a purist in the field of applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and was relentless in his efforts to see ABA being provided to children with a developmental disability and their families. Birny's influence in Australia, and particularly Western Australia, was mainly imparted through his role with the Master of Applied Psychology program at Murdoch University. His most widely known piece of work, the Murdoch Early Intervention Program, was an early and important replication of Lovaas's evaluation of early intensive behavioural intervention for children with autism. Birny contributed significantly to our field and to many people's lives. He is remembered often and fondly by his many friends and colleagues.
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Lunney, Daniel. "Future dilemmas for argumentative conservation biologists." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 3 (2002): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020145.
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PACIFIC, meaning tending to make peace or conciliatory, is hardly a word that one associates with Harry Recher, the editor of Pacific Conservation Biology. Argumentative is far nearer the mark, and for good reason. He is tired, as he said forcefully to many friends in July this year, of the absolute futility of trying to get people and governments to wake up and change. At the time he uttered those words in July 2002 he had just returned from a trip to north-west Australia. Once you reach the cattle country, he said, it is clear that the intent of pastoralists is to convert the entire landscape into a vast paddock void of shrubs and other life forms bar introduced grass species and cattle. He also declared that what is happening to the Western Australian pastoral zone equals the destruction occurring in Queensland through land clearing. Thus in a few sentences Recher has put his finger on the central issues of environmental degradation in Australia as identified in both the Biodiversity State of the Environment Report 2001 (Williams et al. 2001) and the CSIRO Report Future Dilemmas: Options to 2050 for Australia's population, technology, resources and environment by Barney Foran and Franzi Poldy, which was launched by the Immigration Minister on 6 November 2002 (www.cse.csiro.au/futuredilemmas).
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Reutter, Beatriz, Paul A. Lant, and Joe L. Lane. "Direct and indirect water use within the Australian economy." Water Policy 20, no. 6 (September 24, 2018): 1227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.055.
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Abstract We present the first analysis of water use in the Australian economy to account for inter-state trade, exports and consumption patterns, across all economic sectors and incorporating a temporal analysis. This is achieved by using the environmentally extended input-output technique, combining state-level input-output and water accounts from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results show that the three big eastern economies (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland) rely mostly on water used within their jurisdictions. Approximately one-third of water consumption is for exported commodities, with the biggest export flows of virtual water being associated with agricultural production. Comparing results across the years (2000–2011), the water consumption associated with the provision of goods and services has decreased by 32% for exports, and by 38% for domestic markets. To date in Australia, the focus for improved trans-boundary water management (within Australia) has been on improved mechanisms for sharing physical allocation of water; these results provide the trans-boundary economic dependencies related to water availability. Recent innovations in the compilation of economic input-output models create an opportunity to progress this analysis, exploring in detail the economy–water interlinkages. It is our intention that the paper shows the value of analysing water flows using the multi-regional input-output techniques.
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Kelly, Veronica. "The Globalized and the Local: Theatre in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand Enters the New Millennium." Theatre Research International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000013.
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Late in 1999 the Commonwealth of Australia's Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts released Securing the Future, the final Report of the Major Performing Arts Enquiry chaired by Helen Nugent (commonly referred to as the Nugent Report). The operations of the committee and the findings of the Report occasioned considerable public debate in the Australian arts world in the late 1990s, as the Enquiry solicited and analysed information and opinion on the financial health and artistic practices of thirty-one national major performing arts companies producing opera, ballet, chamber and orchestral music as well as theatre. The Report saw the financial viability of Australian live performance as deeply affected by the impact of globalization, especially by what elsewhere has been called ‘Baumol's disease’ – escalating technical, administrative and wage costs but fixed revenue – which threaten the subsidized state theatre companies of Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth with their relatively small population bases. The structural implementation recommended a considerable financial commitment by Commonwealth and State Governments to undertake a defined period of stabilizing and repositioning of companies. Early in 2000 both levels of Government committed themselves to this funding – in fact increasing Nugent's requested $52 million to $70 million – and to the principle of a strengthened Australia Council dispensing arms-length subsidy. In an economically philistine political environment, these outcomes are a tribute to Nugent's astute use of economic rhetoric to gain at least a symbolic victory for the performing arts sector. In 2000 New Zealand arts gained a similar major injection of funding, while a commissioned Heart of the Nation report, advocating the dilution of the principle of arm's-length funding through the abolition of the national funding organization Creative New Zealand, was rejected by Prime Minister Helen Clark.
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Sridhar, M. S., P. Kotamarthy, and T. Pujara. "Photorefractive keratectomy in iris and choroidal coloboma using Pulzar Z1 solid-state technology from Customvis, Australia." Eye 23, no. 6 (July 25, 2008): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2008.233.
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Hunter, Jane Louise. "Connected Learning in an Australian Technology Program." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jvple.2011010105.
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Connected learning using video conferencing, the interactive whiteboard and Web 2.0 tools is possible in the new “interactive classroom” more than 2,240 New South Wales public schools will receive over the next four years. In Australia the New South Wales Department of Education and Training (NSWDET) is delivering $AUS 158 million of infrastructure and services to schools and technical and further education campuses for new technologies and applications to support teaching in the 21st century. The intention of the Connected Classrooms Program is to create a “large connected and collaborative learning community” of teachers, students and parents that can go online for information, resources and communication “anywhere, anytime” across a state that covers over 800,000 square kilometres. This paper describes the three projects in the program, the underpinning prior work and seven teacher professional learning platforms that reference anticipated learning outcomes and future directions. In its third year, this case study is a descriptive insiders snapshot. It provides an overview for project administrators and participants in other national and international education milieu who may be responsible for planning and implementing enhanced technology environments.
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Watson, Kalynda M. A., Katarina M. Mikac, and Sibylle G. Schwab. "Population Genetics of the Invasive Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes, in South-Eastern Australia." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050786.
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The use of genetic information in conservation biology has become more widespread with genetic information more readily available for non-model organisms. It has also been recognized that genetic information from invasive species can inform their management and control. The red fox poses a significant threat to Australian native fauna and the agricultural industry. Despite this, there are few recently published studies investigating the population genetics of foxes in Australia. This study investigated the population genetics of 94 foxes across the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of New South Wales, Australia. Diversity Array sequencing technology was used to genotype a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (N = 33,375). Moderate genetic diversity and relatedness were observed across the foxes sampled. Low to moderate levels of inbreeding, high-levels of identity-by-state values, as well as high identity-by-descent values were also found. There was limited evidence for population genetic structure among the foxes across the landscape sampled, supporting the presence of a single population across the study area. This indicates that there may be no barriers hindering fox dispersal across the landscape.
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Isaac, M. "The political economy of water reform feasibility in Australia." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2003): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0130.
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Australia is experiencing the most dramatic and comprehensive reform of its water industry, placing it at the leading edge of water management internationally. A key feature of the reforms is the explicit linking of economic and environmental objectives: in that the reforms seek to improve environmental management of the nation’s river systems by increasing efficiency of water use via water markets. However, there is growing evidence to evince that water markets are failing to achieve environmental objectives. This paper uses the insights of economic sociology to analyse this failure, and argues that economic efficiency does not and will not guarantee environmental effectiveness because newly constructed water markets are embedded in existing social processes/industry structures and are permeated by existing power relations. For real environmental benefits to accrue, existing water markets must be seriously restructured. This paper explores the elements of such a restructure and suggests that it is unlikely to succeed without strong state action and coordinated policymaking, institutional reform, adjustment packages, significant community involvement, and the participation of the rural sector. Finally, it proposes that social capital could play a pivotal role in the restructuring of the Australian water industry.
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Murray, Kim. "The Law Relating to Satellite Navigation and Air Traffic Management Systems – A View From The South Pacific." Journal of Navigation 53, no. 2 (May 2000): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300008766.
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This is an updated and revised version of a paper originally presented to a CNS/ATM Forum of representatives from the States, airlines and air traffic service provider organisations of the Pacific region meeting in Sydney, Australia on 16 April 1998. The Forum was organised under the auspices of the Australian and New Zealand Divisions of the Royal Aeronautical Society.There are many legal issues involved in the provision and use of new technology based on satellite navigation and communications in Air Traffic Management Systems. These include aspects of international space law, international air law and domestic state law. Spanning these aspects are regional provisions and the role of ICAO. This paper considers these issues with particular reference to the Pacific region, which is in the lead in adopting the new technology, and concludes that much of the existing law applies, but that new law is also required if the legal framework is to keep pace with introduction of the new technology.
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Pisaniello, John D., Wu Zhifang, and Jennifer M. McKay. "Small dams safety issues – engineering/policy models and community responses from Australia." Water Policy 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0006.
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Dam safety is a serious issue worldwide. However, in many countries, for example, China and Australia, although much attention is being devoted to the medium to large-scale dams, little or no attention is being paid to the serious potential problems associated with smaller dams, particularly the potential “cumulative domino effect” failure risk to the larger public dams. Farmers in Australia have often overlooked the common law obligation to review/design dams in line with current standards because of high engineering consulting costs. This leaves them vulnerable to litigation if their dam fails and the downstream community is susceptible to unacceptable risk levels. To overcome this problem, an innovative Australian-developed cost-effective spillway design/review procedure has been developed to minimise cost burdens to dam owners and encourage better dam safety management. A recent survey undertaken in the Australian “policy model” State of Victoria to test community attitudes to the procedure and implemented dam safety and water allocation policy is also reported here. This survey clearly demonstrates that farmers require more than awareness and encouragement in order to ensure that they look after their dams properly.
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Gallego, Gisselle, Kees van Gool, Robert Casey, and Guy Maddern. "SURGEONS’ VIEWS OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN AUSTRALIA: ONLINE PILOT SURVEY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 29, no. 3 (June 17, 2013): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231300024x.
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Introduction:Many governments have introduced health technology assessment (HTA) as an important tool to manage the uptake and use of health-related technologies efficiently. Although surgeons play a central role in the uptake and diffusion of new technologies, little is known about their opinion and understanding of the HTA role and process.Methods:A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted using an online questionnaire which was distributed to Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons over a 4-week period. Information was sought about knowledge and views of the HTA process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, frequencies, and proportions were calculated.Results:Sixty-two surgeons completed the survey; of these, 55 percent reported their primary work place as a public hospital. Twenty-four percent of the participants reported that they had never heard of the HTA agency and 60 percent reported that surgical procedures are most likely to be introduced in the Australian healthcare system at the public hospital level (which is beyond the HTA's scope and dealt with at a state level). However, 61 percent considered that decisions about funding and adoption of new technologies should take place at the national level.Conclusions:This survey provides some evidence that many surgeons remain unaware of the federal government's HTA process but still value evidence-based information. In order for HTA to be an effective aid to rational adoption of health-related technologies, there is a need for an evidence-based approach that is integrated and is accepted and understood by the medical professions.
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Souter, W. D., and J. D. Flanders. "Lake Tinaroo (Australia) – Towards a Management Plan." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0034.
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Tinaroo Falls Dam provides a water supply for irrigated agricultural production, primarily tobacco, rice, tree and horticultural crops, near Mareeba in Far Northern Queensland. The increasing popularity of Lake Tinaroo as a recreation and tourist venue is providing impetus for a management plan to be prepared for the lake. Urban and agricultural use of the catchment has caused a change in the trophic state of the lake. The competing uses and emerging issues in relation to a sustainable, healthy lake are discussed. The QWRC is desirous of establishing a management plan for the catchment. Progress in implementing such a plan is discussed.
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Muhammad, Tukur, Hano Lawal Jibril, and Faiza Jibril Isah. "Comparative Analysis of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Programs in United Kingdom, United States of America. Japan and Australia." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0077.
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STEM education is an important component for global development, many countries have invested a substantial amount of funds in the Program. Many initiatives, Programs, policies, law are formulated to increases the number of students’ enrolment and arose their interest to study STEM. In this paper, we present the comparative analysis of successful STEM education Programs in United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Japan and Australia. We explored different Programs, target groups, objectives and achievement of STEM in UK, USA, Japan and Australia. For USA, the study found that the STEM education Programs are successful but require the involvement of community elites. In UK, the STEM Education Programs are successful and it assisted the country in adding more curriculum materials and trained several personnel. In Australia, experienced a shortage of scientists and engineers and formulated policies and Programs of which some of these Programs were successful and boost the Australian STEM Education. In Japan STEM education Programs has succeeded in increasing the number of enrolment and interest in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The stake holders, educators and government of UK, USA, Japan and Australia can use our study to easily identify areas that require improvement. As such, adapt their STEM education Programs in such a way that the STEM education Program can further be boosted.
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Frery, Emanuelle, Laurent Langhi, and Jelena Markov. "Natural hydrogen exploration in Australia – state of knowledge and presentation of a case study." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21171.
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Hydrogen will play a major role in Australia’s transition to a net zero emissions energy future. The hydrogen industry and technology are scaling up with hydrogen produced via two pathways, thermochemical and electrochemical, that involve the use of fossil fuel feedstock or the use of an electrical current to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Exploration for and production of natural hydrogen is one of the most promising ways to get large quantities of green hydrogen cheaper than the ‘blue’ hydrogen produced from methane. Some predictions from this growing industry even estimate that the production of natural hydrogen can quickly become economically viable. We propose to review the state of knowledge of natural hydrogen exploration and production in the world and focus on the exploration of the Australian natural seeps in the frame of the incredible exploration rush we are currently experiencing. Surface emanations often referred to as ‘fairy circles’ are often associated with high hydrogen soil-gas measurement and have been described in numerous countries. In the frame of our research, we recently showed that similar hyrdrogen-emitting structures are present in Australia. New regional scale soil-gas measurements reveal persistent hydrogen concentration along the Darling Fault, in the Perth Basin and on the Yilgarn Craton. Those geological settings promote processes such as deep serpentinisation of ultramafic rocks as potential hydrogen sources that are of massive potential economic value. We review the results of different techniques to explore and quantify the presence of natural hydrogen leakage.
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Cooper, Rae, and Bradon Ellem. "The Neoliberal State, Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining in Australia." British Journal of Industrial Relations 46, no. 3 (September 2008): 532–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2008.00694.x.
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Zahiri, Saden H., Stefan Gulizia, and Leon Prentice. "An Overview of Cold Spray Additive Technology in Australia for Melt-less Manufacture of Titanium." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032103011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The difficulty in significantly reducing the cost of titanium products is partly related to the high cost of manufacturing. This includes additive manufacturing; e.g. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM), as well as traditional approaches that are based on a melting process. In particular, the cost of titanium powder has placed limits on the application of additive manufacturing approaches that involve melting to broader commercial applications beyond military, aerospace and implants. More than a decade ago, Australia adopted cold spray technology as a meltless additive manufacturing technique to fabricate titanium through a strategic initiative at Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The high deposition rate, ~100 times faster than the other additive technologies, and the solid state deposition were amongst the rationales for investment in cold spray technology. A combination of carefully designed experiments and sophisticated 3D models were developed to assess performance of the current industrial-scale cold spray systems for commercial clients. The success and challenges of this solid state deposition technology will be detailed with a focus on real industrial impact. The future development of melt-less titanium manufacturing using cold spray will be discussed with consideration of commercial and environmental benefits.
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O'Malley, Sue P., and Ernest Jordan. "Horizon scanning of new and emerging medical technology in Australia: Its relevance to Medical Services Advisory Committee health technology assessments and public funding." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, no. 03 (July 2009): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives:In 1998, a formal process using full health technology assessments (HTAs) was implemented to determine the suitability for public subsidy of new and emerging medical technologies in the Australian private healthcare sector. This process is overseen by the Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC). In 2004, horizon scanning was introduced in Australia with the stated objective of identifying new and emerging medical technologies into the public healthcare sector, with consideration to the publicly subsidized private healthcare sector. How well horizon scanning works in identifying new and emerging technologies suitable for government subsidized funding in the private healthcare sector is examined in this study.Methods:A descriptive evaluation of the impact of horizon scanning as an early alert and awareness system identifying new and emerging technologies before these technologies are submitted to MSAC for a full HTA. All MSAC HTAs commenced after the introduction of horizon scanning in 2004 were cross-checked with the list of Prioritizing Summaries or Horizon Scanning Reports to determine whether a prior Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report had been carried out.Results:Of the forty-three technologies that were the subject of a full MSAC HTAs in the time period examined, only eleven had been the subject of either a Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report. As a result of a full MSAC HTA, twelve of the technologies that were not the subject of a Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report were given positive recommendations for public funding.Conclusions:Horizon scanning was set up to scan the introduction of new and emerging medical technologies into the public healthcare sector, with consideration to the publicly subsidized private healthcare sector. Based on the number of new and emerging technologies that have been the subject of a full MSAC HTA without first being subjected to either a Prioritizing Summary or Horizon Scanning Report, horizon scanning in Australia does not function as an “early alert and awareness system” for funding in the publicly subsidized private healthcare sector in Australia.
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Orlova, T. "Development of Public History in Australia." Problems of World History, no. 15 (September 14, 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present article is aimed at demonstrating the importance of new for Ukrainian historiography direction of public history, for the country’s development and for strengthening its stance at the international arena. Australia is taken for an example, as it has turned from once remote Terra Incognita into one of the leading nations of the modern world. It is emphasized that, regardless of attainments, the identity issue is still as urgent as to other countries in the conditions of a global crisis. The sources of the public history trend are revealed, explained are the factors conducive to its spread planet-wise, attention is brought to the fact that this trend has become a natural result of developments in the science of history in the Western civilization, encompassing countries of Europe, the Americas, and Australia. The latter, being a ramification of the Western civilization branch, has adopted the guidelines outlined by American scholars, driven by pragmatic considerations.
Steps are determined in the institutionalization of the said direction, a characteristic is given to the activities of the Australian Center of Public History at Sydney Technology University, of the journal “Public History Survey”, as well as to the specifics of their work in the digital era under the motto: “History for the public, about the public, together with the public”. The same motto is leading the historians working with local and family history, cooperating with the State in the field of commemoration, placing great importance on museums, memorials, monuments. Considering national holidays, particular attention is given to the National Day of Apology, reflecting the complications of Australian history. Like American public history, the Australian one began to give much attention to those groups of population that were previously omitted by the focus of research, namely, the aborigines.
A conclusion is made regarding the importance of history in general and public history in particular for the implementation of the national identity policy – an important token of the nation’s stable and successful progress.
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Bomba, David, Kurt Svardsudd, and Per Kristiansson. "A comparison of patient attitudes towards the use of computerised medical records and unique identifiers in Australia and Sweden." Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 2 (2004): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article compares the attitudes of Australian and Swedish patients towards the use of computerised medical records and unique identifiers in medical practices in Australia and Sweden. A Swedish translation of an Australian survey was conducted and results were compared. Surveys were distributed to patients at a medical practice in Sweden in 2003 and compared to the results of an Australian study by Bomba and Land (2003). Results: Based on the survey samples (Australia N=271 and Sweden N=55), 91% of Swedish respondents and 78% of Australian respondents gave a positive appraisal of the use of computers in health care. Of the Swedish respondents, 93% agreed that the computer-based patient record is an essential technology for health care in the future, while 86% of the Australian respondents agreed. Overwhelmingly, 95% of Swedish respondents and 91% of Australian respondents stated that the use of computers did not interfere with the doctor-patient consultation. Both groups preferred biometric identification as the method for uniquely identifying patients but differed in their preferred method to store medical information - a combination of central database and smart card for Australian respondents and central database for Swedish respondents. This analysis indicates that patient attitudes towards the use of computerised medical records and unique identifiers in Australia and Sweden are positive; however, there are concerns over information privacy and security. These concerns need to be taken into account in any future development of a national computer health network.