Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Technologies of fermented milk-fat products of creamery"

Buffalo-milk-based dairy products provide various health benefits to humans since buffalo milk serves as a rich source of protein, fat, lactose, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin A and natural antioxidants. Dairy products such as Meekiri, Dadih, Dadi and Lassie, which are derived from Artisanal fermentation of buffalo milk, have been consumed for many years. Probiotic potentials of indigenous microflora in fermented buffalo milk have been well documented. Incorporation of certain probiotics into the buffalo-milk-based dairy products conferred vital health benefits to the consumers, although is not a common practice. However, several challenges are associated with incorporating probiotics into buffalo-milk-based dairy products. The viability of probiotic bacteria can be reduced due to processing and environmental stress during storage. Further, incompatibility of probiotics with traditional starter cultures and high acidity of fermented dairy products may lead to poor viability of probiotics. The weak acidifying performance of probiotics may affect the organoleptic quality of fermented dairy products. Besides these challenges, several innovative technologies such as the use of microencapsulated probiotics, ultrasonication, the inclusion of prebiotics, use of appropriate packaging and optimal storage conditions have been reported, promising stability and viability of probiotics in buffalo-milk-based fermented dairy products.

The development of food products implies ensuring the optimal composition and ratio of the basic components, as well as their technological compatibility. A priori, the quality of raw materials, the optimal formula of the product and the efficiency of the technological process determine the quality of products, including biological value. The use of whole-cell sensors such as infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis is most productive for screening biological studies. At present, for a comprehensive assessment there are no data on the use of simplest technology of fermented dairy products and the design of their biological value. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for creating whole-milk products of optimal biological value using the express method of biotesting. The research object was yogurt with the ratio of the mass fraction of fat and protein in the range of 0.36 ÷ 1.5, sucrose in the range of 5 ÷ 10%. An express method for determining the relative biological value of fermented dairy products using test organisms and an original methodology for creating whole-milk products of optimal biological value have been developed. A software has been developed to calculate formula of the product optimized for the following indicators: the relative biological value of the product, the cost of raw material and basic materials. The methodology is a tool to assist industry organizations in improving production technologies and quality management systems.

In accordance with the local climatic conditions and folk traditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan, dairy horse breeding occupies a leading position. Mare's milk is a unique raw material for the production of a wide variety of highly nutritious, complete and easily digestible food products. Scientists recommend mare's milk as a medicinal and dietary product. The paper presents a yogurt recipe developed on the basis of a composition using mare's milk. The composition received patent No 2677219 ( Composition…, 2019 ). It is known that mare's milk fat is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are of particular physiological importance for the human body. There is a need to ration and ensure a constant intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family with food. The purpose of this work is to study the fatty acid composition of yoghurt. To obtain a fermented milk product, milk from Bashkir mares was used as raw material. The production and research of prototypes of yoghurt were carried out on the basis of the Faculty of Food Technologies of the Bashkir State Agrarian University. The determination of the fatty acid composition of the yoghurt sample took place in the accredited testing laboratory centre "Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology" (Moscow). The use of mare's milk allows one to change the fatty acid composition of the finished fermented milk product. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the sample has showed that it has a high content of oleic, γ-linolenic, α-linolenic and arachidonic acids.

Malting and fermentation were investigated as simple technologies for improving the nutritional and organoleptic properties of maize/sesame food formulations. Various maize flour samples were blended with defatted sesame flour, by material balancing, to give four food formulations consisting of unmalted maize + defatted sesame flour (UMS), malted maize + defatted sesame (MMS), unmalted, fermented maize + defatted sesame flour (UFMS) and malted fermented maize + defatted sesame flour (MFMS), which all contained 16g protein and 9g fat/100g food. Four diets were formulated (by material balancing with a basal diet ) from the food formulations in addition to case in (milk protein), and Nutrend (a commercial complementary food produced from maize and soybeans) to give 10g protein/ 100g of each test diets , which were used for feeding trials with Wister albino rats . The protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), apparent digestibility (AD) and amino acid profile as well as organoleptic properties of the gruels prepared from the food formulations were evaluated. The PER values of malted and fermented products (2.16 for MMS and 2.06 for MFMS) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of unmalted products (1.86 for UMS and 1.59 for UFMS). The NPR and AD values followed a similar trend with 3.82 and 70.50% for UM S, 4.40 and 72.10% for MMS, 4.21 and 70.00% for UFMS and 4.47 and 71.50% for MFMS respectively. Malting and fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased lysine content from 2.16g/16gN ( UFMS ) to 5.46g/16gN (MFMS) and tryptophan from 1.08g/16gN (UFMS) to 1.35g/16gN (MFMS). There was significant ( p < 0.05) difference in colour, taste and aroma for all the food formulations . Mean sensory scores ranged from 7.07 – 8.33 for UMS, 7.34 – 8.45 for MMS, 7.04 – 7.73 for UFMS and 6.82 – 7.74 for MFMS on a 9 – point hedonic scale. The unfermented products gave better acceptability than the fermented products in all the attributes; while the UFMS and MFMS (fermented products) did not show any significant difference in acceptability . The malted maize/sesame (MMS) blend therefore gave the best result with the highest acceptability and is therefore recommended for use as a complementary food .

Goat milk is considered to be a potential source of various macro- and micro-nutrients. It contains a good proportion of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and other nutritional components which help in promoting nutritional and desirable health benefits. Goat milk is considered to be superior in terms of numerous health benefits, and lower risk of allergy, when compared to the milk of other species. Several processing techniques such as pasteurization, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and ultrasound have been employed to enhance the quality and shelf life of goat milk and its products. The diverse range of goat milk-based products such as yogurt, cheese, fermented milk, goat milk powder, and others are available in the market and are prepared by the intervention of advanced processing technologies. Goats raised in pasture-based feeding systems are shown to have a better milk nutritional composition than its counterpart. Goat milk contains potential bioactive components, which aids in the maintenance of the proper metabolism and functioning of the human body. This review gives insight into the key nutritional ingredients and bioactive constituents present in goat milk and their potential role in the development of various functional foods using different processing technologies. Goat milk could be considered as a significant option for milk consumption in infants, as compared to other milk available.

Робота виконана в Інституті продовольчих ресурсів Національної академії аграрних наук України.
Дисертація присвячена науковому обґрунтуванню та розробці біотехнологій бактеріальних препаратів для виробництва ферментованих продуктів маслоробства різної технологічної специфіки. Експериментально встановлено та науково обґрунтовано склад заквашувальних композицій та на їх основі розроблено бактеріальні препарати прямого внесення для ферментованих молочно-жирових продуктів. Встановлено параметри біотехнології бактеріальних препаратів: склад композиції та спосіб підготовки інокуляту, рецептури поживних середовищ та умови культивування з урахуванням фізіологічних потреб кожного складника для збереження встановленого співвідношення між штамами, склад захисних середовищ для консервування біомаси і забезпечення високих показників реактивації та розчинності. Опрацьовані технологічні етапи дозволили отримати не менше 7,4·1010 клітин в 1 г бактеріальних препаратів. Визначено дози, способи активізації та використання бактеріальних препаратів для ферментування різних молочно-жирових систем (молочного та комбінованого складу) для отримання кисловершкового масла, кисловершкових спредів та кисловершкових паст. Встановлено, що основним фактором регулювання ароматоутворення та якості кисловершковго масла, виготовленого методом збивання, є кислотність сквашених вершків. Процес ароматоутворення у виробництві кисловершкового масла та кисловершкових спредів, вироблених методом перетворення ВЖВ, а також жирової суміші можна регулювати дозою закваски. Визначено закономірності функціонування заквашувальної мікрофлори, а також пов’язані з нею фізико-хімічні, біохімічні та мікробіологічні показники під час зберігання кисловершкового масла, кисловершкових спредів та кисловершкових паст, виготовлених за різних способів ферментування.