Дисертації з теми "Technologie et santé"
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Pacheco, Laurent. "Evaluation des technologies en santé : organisation institutionnelle et stratégie des firmes pharmaceutiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED004.
HTA and institutions: 3 international networks of HTA agencies aim at increasing the efficiency of HTA globally. The theories of Network Economics provide tools to describe and analyse issues around the optimal size of the networks, the informational structure, the risks of early standard adoption of inertia and quality deficiencies.HTA and companies: early advice provided by HTA agencies to pharmaceutical firms in a means for companies to mitigate risks. From the agencies perspective this activity could be developped in a competitive fashion according to the theories of industrial econmics
Ouédraogo, Ismaila. "Technologie mobile et intelligence artificielle pour l'amélioration de la littératie en santé dans les milieux défavorisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0023.
Access and use of health information is indeed a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, especially for populations with low literacy. These difficulties are exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of foreign language content in digital health solutions, as well as the sometimes inadequate design of these solutions for local populations. These factors must be taken into account in the development and implementation of digital health solutions to ensure that they are truly accessible and beneficial to all populations. In this context, this research focuses on improving the accessibility and use of health information (health literacy) among lowliterate populations in Burkina Faso through AI-enabled mobile health solutions. The research methodology includes literature reviews, interviews, surveys and observations to accurately understand the specific needs of low literacy users. Based on this feedback, concrete design principles will be established to guide the development of a prototype Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system in the Dioula language. The mobile service is then evaluated with users to enable iterative improvements to the solution, taking user feedback into account. In addition, this research contributes to the creation of annotated speech data in Dioula to address the lack of speech data for assistive speech technologies for the population. By highlighting the importance of local languages and adapted technologies, this study demonstrates how AI-enabled mobile health solutions can effectively overcome barriers related to literacy to improve the health literacy of marginalised populations. The findings of this study are in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thus reinforcing their positive impact on the health of vulnerable populations in Burkina Faso
Sahadevan, Vijayakumar. "Signatures dynamiques et statistiques pour le contrôle santé de poutres composites intelligentes utilisant des approches directes et inverse par réseaux de neurones." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1010.
This thesis presents the health monitoring of composite beams with piezo-ceramics using dynamic and static signatures. Direct Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Inverse Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approaches are demonstrated. During finite element simulations, the presumed damages are modelled as material removal and as a reduction in Young modulus relative to the intensity of damage. Using GUI approach, modal curvature change, static bending rotation change and curvature change are explored for health monitoring. The obtained results proved that the GUI approach is able to detect and quantify well the damage location and length for all the boundary conditions within acceptable error levels. Multi-layer ANN are developed based on parametric analyses on number of hidden layers and neurons. The proposed networks are able to predict not only damage location, but also damage length and depth by taking dynamic (modal displacements changes, modal curvature changes, impulse and frequency response function changes and electromechanical coupling coefficient (EMCC)) and static (bending rotation and curvature changes) signatures as inputs. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used for training the networks. The obtained results proved that a single hidden layer with more than three neurons is good enough to simulate the trained data with faster convergence. For the dynamic signatures, predictions based on modal curvature performed better than FRF and modal displacements. The obtained results using EMCC are also in good agreement. The predictions using the static curvature change are better than the bending rotation change for both direct and inverse ANN approaches
Debost, Claire. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication et la relation de soins : invariances et inconstances." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10014.
The introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the caring relationship is part of a wider movement, aiming at building a real society of information. Although public health is not spared from those new customs, it nevertheless deserves its own specific study, given the singularity imprinted by patient-doctor relationships. Telemedicine, as a distant medical practice, is characterized by its seniority and the novelty of its normative frame. First of all, offering a spatio-temporal mutation of the medical practice, TIC shift traditional boundaries, including those recognized to the author and finality of the medical act. The doctor-patient bond becomes plural and dematerialized. Then, challenges implied by the resort to TIC, this new technical screen, made very imperious the intervention of the law to supervise and control its use. Caring relationship law resorting to TIC is protean. Doctors and patients' rights and duties invariably apply to this new form of medical practice. However, the lawmaker tried to fill this frame out by initiating dedicated rules, yet remaining piecemeal and lacunar. Resorting to the other fields of law is needed with view to a wide supervision. It however demonstrates its failure or unsuitability for such singular activity
Coulibaly, Seydou Ouaritio. "Santé et développement au Mali : l’impact de l’onchocercose sur la production agricole et le bien-être des ménages." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10196.
This thesis concerns the impact of onchocerciasis on agricultural output and household income in Mali. We undertake a cross-sectional analysis of households, relating the presence of onchocerciasis, malaria and other diseases to measures of economic performance, while attempting to control for other factors. The sample consists of 177 households drawn from six villages in two zones of Mali. Each household provided date for twelve-month period. In a multivariate analysis explaining the value of household’s agricultural output, we use a framework of a production function to design our regression model. We find that both onchocerciasis and malaria incidence in the household have a significant depressive effect on output. We then look at the factors affecting levels of household income or total consumption using a different regression model. Again, onchocerciasis and malaria are found to have negative economic effects. The result implies that two diseases tend to force some households below a poverty line. A probit analysis confirms this implication
Inagnibomoua, Kader Kane. "L'essor des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication au Gabon : quelles incidences perçues sur l'organisation du travail et la santé des employés?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100031/document.
This doctoral thesis aims to assess the consequences of the integration of the new information technology and communication media (NITC) on the workforce in Gabon, concerning both the organisational field and the field of workforce health. More precisely, the objective of the current thesis focuses on three aspects. The first aspect concerns the factors which are bound to facilitate the use of NITC by the employees. The second aspect assesses the changes triggered by the use of NITC in the organisation of the employees’ work. Last but not least, the last aspect assesses the impact of NITC on the physical and psychological health of the employees. A questionnaire was applied on a sample of 136 employees who worked in the banking system in Gabon. The designed tool is structured in four parts: (A) an identification part comprising the socio-demographic variables (age, sex, marital status) and the socio-organisational ones (seniority, daily length of use and frequency of use of the NITC); (B) the Brangier and Hammes scale (2007), which measures the relation man-work-organisation starting from the model of symbiosis; (C) a 30-item questionnaire designed according to the research needs, based on the analysis of the categorial-thematic content of the discourses provided by employees in Gabon while describing their daily work routine. It focuses on the influence of NITC on the organisation of work (efficiency in work, communication practises, autonomy, information overload and professional isolation); (D) a questionnaire built in the same manner as the previous one, exploring the perceived connections between NITC and health at the workplace (physical issues, professional stress and professional well-being at work). Globally, the obtained results show that the connections that the employees in Gabon have with the NITC are strongly correlated with the way in which they use them. However, they do not indicate any connection between the use of NITC inside the organisations in Gabon and the organisation of work. Moreover, these results show that on the one hand the NITC are perceived as the source of physical health issues (particularly musculoskeletal issues) and psychological issues (particularly professional stress), but on the other hand they are also perceived as causing a certain psychological well-being (particularly when it comes to the working environment and the involvement in work/self-accomplishment). Finally, our work highlights two mediations: the sharing technologies (vs. assistive technologies) constitute a total mediator of the relation between the perception of the symbiosis between man-work-organisation and the perceived occurrence of the TMS (vs. depression). Our research also has an applicative dimension on short-term, but it opens the gate towards future research patterns aiming to improve the integration and development of NITC in Gabon on mid-term
Bourque, Claude Julie. "Le changement comme tradition dans la recherche et la formation à la recherche en biotechnologie et en périphérie étude de cas en sciences de la santé, sciences naturelles et génie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/962.
Lupien-Meilleur, Joseph. "Détermination des conditions de viabilité et de fonctionnalité de probiotiques ajoutés à une boisson santé à base de sève d'érable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29214/29214.pdf.
Vigouroux-Zugasti, Eloria. "L'expérience du numérique chez les aînés : enjeux et limites du solutionnisme technologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30046/document.
Nowadays, Western societies are confronted with the ageing of their population, due to the consequences of the baby-boom and to a longer life expectancy. This context highlights the necessary attention paid to the loss of autonomy of seniors : cost and availability of retirement homes, management of dependency by family and by public policies, etc. The Silver Economy offers technological answers to these social and political problems, by developing many digital products dedicated to reducing the loss of autonomy among seniors. However, these solutions do not always seem to pay sufficient attention to the reality of elderly people. First, technologies do not seem to take into account the expectations and the needs of this population, such as the plurality of their profiles. Moreover, technologies to maintain autonomy do not seem to be adapted to their digital skills and knowledge. Finally, we can question the non democratic potential of digital technologies dedicated to health, considering their high cost whilst the number of retired people living under the poverty line has increased. In our study, we proposed a mixed approach, combining sociology and the information and communication sciences (CIS). Thus, we undertook a prospective study, whose purpose was to apprehend and to understand the current usage of digital technologies among retired people over 60 years old. Our aim was to highlight how seniors use digital devices and services, in order to verify if they are in line with the forms of technological management existing to support their autonomy. To do so, we used a qualitative methodology and surveyed 31 retired users living in Aquitaine. The results of our survey reveal totally disparate levels of digital literacy, influenced by many factors, such as age, contexts of learning, degree of sociability, biographical trajectories and self image. The use of digital technologies is deeply linked to identity processes, whether they are oriented towards biographical rupture or continuity, in relation to the past, the present and the future of the users. Technologies contribute to new forms of sociability, taking over classical ways of social bonding. Internet search practices, on the other hand, allow the user to develop a new self image. We conclude on the necessary adaptation of digital technologies to its identity appropriations of the elderly users
Ouattara, Dramane. "Apport des réseaux intelligents aux usages et pratiques en e-santé : Une architecture flexible basée sur la technologie radio cognitive pour un suivi efficace et temps réel des patients." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0407/document.
The aging of the population will probably catalyze the rise of chronic diseases and could intensify the need for personal assistance solutions. While researchers are focusing on information and communication technologies to provide responses to these public health problems, the number of connected objects is experiencing a rapid expansion. Indeed, desired revolution of technologies for health, forprevention and disease treatment coincides with the development of the Internet of Things 2. Thus, technological innovations and medical progress, for making it possible to monitor pathologies, often chronic, anywhere need appropriate equipments. Also, remote and real-time patient monitoring applications would require more network resources. In this context, communication resources management/sharing, technologies and equipments compatibilities and aplication’s desired performances become significant challenges. In this thesis, we propose an architecture based on Cognitive Radio, for meeting the medical applications constraints. We also analyze and test three important criteria for emergency transmissions, using this architecture.Connectivity : Any solution for patients monitoring must have anywhere and anytime capabilities for care continuity needs. High availability of network services and quality offered are critical for patient telemonitoring. We propose in this context, a spectral prediction mechanism able to examine the occupation conditions of the frequency bands. The algorithm we propose, associated learning and Grey Model technique in order to deal with any network connection discontinuities.Interference management : Network equipments must be able to perceive or to analyze their environment and act according to the underlying constraints. The interest is to protect in our case, medical equipment which are very sensitive to noise. Patient monitoring becomes possible at home or in the hospital, for example, with an acceptable level of interference. We propose for this criterion evaluation, a Cognitive Radio Networks deployment model in a hospital area. We define examples of functions for dynamic adaptation of the communication parameters, depending on the nearby medical devices sensitivity.Transmission efficiency under multimedia content delivery : This criterion analizes the ability of the architecture to provide desired quality in multimedia content delivery for real-time assistance or diagnosis. Patient monitoring at home or an emergency event may require the transmission of image or audio content to the hospital center. The remote monitoring solution must be able to provide these facilities which require a broadband network. We suggest an algorithm for resource reservation that performs a better management of the quality of service for medical multimedia content. We combine this algorithm with a transmission parameters control methode for maintaining the QoS at an acceptable level
Thomas, Minty. "Fabrication d'extraits bioactifs bénéfiques pour la santé et riches en glucoraphanine à partir de rejets industriels de Brassica oleracea (brocoli) en utilisant la technologie verte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35438.
Le brocoli est une excellente source de composés nutraceutiques ayant de nombreux effets sur la santé tels que les propriétés anticancéreuses, anti-diabétiques, antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes. Les glucosinolates, les polyphénols, les vitamines, les minéraux et les fibres alimentaires sont les principales molécules présentes dans le brocoli. La production annuelle mondiale de brocoli est de 21 millions de tonnes. On estime que 35 à 40% des cultures horticoles sont perdues en raison de pratiques agricoles inadéquates, générant d'énormes quantités de déchets agricoles. Ces cultures perdues pourraient être utilisées comme matières premières pour l'extraction et la purification d'ingrédients bioactifs destinés à l'industrie nutraceutique et alimentaire. L'objectif principal de ce projet était de développer une technique économique et respectueuse de l'environnement pour la fabrication d'un extrait riche en glucoraphanine à partir de rejets industriels de brocoli, en fournissant une voie alternative pour sa valorisation. Ce travail se concentre principalement sur l'identification, la caractérisation et la quantification des glucosinolates et des polyphénols présents dans 10 lots rejetés de graines de brocoli et de résidus industriels de brocoli tels que les fleurons, les tiges et le mélange de fleurons et de tiges. De plus, le procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine a été optimisé en utilisant des solvants verts tels que l'éthanol et l'eau. En outre, la glucoraphanine provenant d'extraits de brocoli bruts a été purifiée en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par une Méthodologie de Surface de Réponse, basé sur le Box-Behnken Design (BBD) et l'Analyse des Composants Principaux. Enfin, des expériences pilotes ont été réalisées en utilisant les paramètres optimisés pour vérifier leur adéquation pour une application industrielle. La caractérisation et la quantification simultanées par UPLC MS/MS ont indiqué la présence de 12 glucosinolates (principalement de la glucoraphanine) et de 5 polyphénols dans les sous-produits du brocoli. La teneur en glucosinolates variait de 0,2 à 2% de matière sèche (MS), tandis que les polyphénols étaient inférieurs à 0,02% de MS. L'abondance relative de la glucoraphanine dans les sous-produits du brocoli a fait un matériau de départ prometteur pour la fabrication de compléments alimentaires fonctionnels. De plus, un procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine écologique et à base de solvant a été optimisé pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un extracteur à agitation magnétique unique a maximisé l'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine. Les paramètres d'extraction optimisés étaient de 50% et 70% d'éthanol aqueux extraits pendant 60 et 30 minutes à 60 et 23°C pour les sous-produits de graines et de fleurons, respectivement, en utilisant un rapport matière/solvant de 1:20. Le procédé vert optimisé a donné un rendement de glucoraphanine de 55,5 g/kg MS de graines et de 4,3 g/kg MS de fleurons. Le procédé vert développé dans cette étude a fourni 37 et 81 fois plus d'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine que la technique analytique standard basée sur le méthanol. Enfin, un procédé de purification de la glucoraphanine respectueux de l'environnement et industriellement réalisable a été développé en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par approche de surface de réponse pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un ensemble de 27 essais, 3 niveaux dans le BBD ont été proposés pour les résines cationiques et anioniques en série, pour maximiser les réponses du processus. La purification de la glucoraphanine à partir de l'extrait de graines de brocoli en utilisant une résine cationique a permis une récupération maximale de 94% et une pureté de 14% en utilisant 1:5 du rapport matière/résine pendant 91 min à 80 rpm/min. Dans le cas de la résine anionique, les variables expérimentales de 1:5, 140 min, 160 rpm/min et 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans de l'éthanol à 70% ont donné un rendement de 72% et une pureté de 37%. Alors que pour les rejets industriels de fleurons de brocoli, les paramètres optimisés pour la purification de la glucoraphanine étaient un ratio matière/résine de 1:1.87, un temps de contact de 30 min, une vitesse d'agitation de 80 rpm/min et un solvant d'élution de 100% eau. La purification subséquente de l'extrait cationique en utilisant la résine anionique a été réalisée en utilisant les paramètres expérimentaux optimisés du rapport matière/résine de 1:1.3 pendant 170 min à 140 rpm/min et éluée en utilisant 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans 70% d'éthanol, fournissant une récupération de 78% et pureté de 5%. Enfin, les paramètres du processus d'extraction et de purification optimisés à l'échelle du laboratoire ont été extrapolés à l'échelle pilote pour la fabrication d'extraits en poudre, indiquant que le procédé optimisé était très efficace pour récupérer la glucoraphanine avec une grande pureté même à grande échelle. Par conséquent, la présente étude a mis au point un procédé écologique efficace et industriellement viable pour la fabrication d'extraits de rejets industriels de brocoli. Le processus optimisé a fourni une voie alternative économiquement viable pour la valorisation de la récolte perdue qui nous rapproche de la sécurité alimentaire et la durabilité environnementale.
Le brocoli est une excellente source de composés nutraceutiques ayant de nombreux effets sur la santé tels que les propriétés anticancéreuses, anti-diabétiques, antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes. Les glucosinolates, les polyphénols, les vitamines, les minéraux et les fibres alimentaires sont les principales molécules présentes dans le brocoli. La production annuelle mondiale de brocoli est de 21 millions de tonnes. On estime que 35 à 40% des cultures horticoles sont perdues en raison de pratiques agricoles inadéquates, générant d'énormes quantités de déchets agricoles. Ces cultures perdues pourraient être utilisées comme matières premières pour l'extraction et la purification d'ingrédients bioactifs destinés à l'industrie nutraceutique et alimentaire. L'objectif principal de ce projet était de développer une technique économique et respectueuse de l'environnement pour la fabrication d'un extrait riche en glucoraphanine à partir de rejets industriels de brocoli, en fournissant une voie alternative pour sa valorisation. Ce travail se concentre principalement sur l'identification, la caractérisation et la quantification des glucosinolates et des polyphénols présents dans 10 lots rejetés de graines de brocoli et de résidus industriels de brocoli tels que les fleurons, les tiges et le mélange de fleurons et de tiges. De plus, le procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine a été optimisé en utilisant des solvants verts tels que l'éthanol et l'eau. En outre, la glucoraphanine provenant d'extraits de brocoli bruts a été purifiée en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par une Méthodologie de Surface de Réponse, basé sur le Box-Behnken Design (BBD) et l'Analyse des Composants Principaux. Enfin, des expériences pilotes ont été réalisées en utilisant les paramètres optimisés pour vérifier leur adéquation pour une application industrielle. La caractérisation et la quantification simultanées par UPLC MS/MS ont indiqué la présence de 12 glucosinolates (principalement de la glucoraphanine) et de 5 polyphénols dans les sous-produits du brocoli. La teneur en glucosinolates variait de 0,2 à 2% de matière sèche (MS), tandis que les polyphénols étaient inférieurs à 0,02% de MS. L'abondance relative de la glucoraphanine dans les sous-produits du brocoli a fait un matériau de départ prometteur pour la fabrication de compléments alimentaires fonctionnels. De plus, un procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine écologique et à base de solvant a été optimisé pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un extracteur à agitation magnétique unique a maximisé l'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine. Les paramètres d'extraction optimisés étaient de 50% et 70% d'éthanol aqueux extraits pendant 60 et 30 minutes à 60 et 23°C pour les sous-produits de graines et de fleurons, respectivement, en utilisant un rapport matière/solvant de 1:20. Le procédé vert optimisé a donné un rendement de glucoraphanine de 55,5 g/kg MS de graines et de 4,3 g/kg MS de fleurons. Le procédé vert développé dans cette étude a fourni 37 et 81 fois plus d'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine que la technique analytique standard basée sur le méthanol. Enfin, un procédé de purification de la glucoraphanine respectueux de l'environnement et industriellement réalisable a été développé en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par approche de surface de réponse pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un ensemble de 27 essais, 3 niveaux dans le BBD ont été proposés pour les résines cationiques et anioniques en série, pour maximiser les réponses du processus. La purification de la glucoraphanine à partir de l'extrait de graines de brocoli en utilisant une résine cationique a permis une récupération maximale de 94% et une pureté de 14% en utilisant 1:5 du rapport matière/résine pendant 91 min à 80 rpm/min. Dans le cas de la résine anionique, les variables expérimentales de 1:5, 140 min, 160 rpm/min et 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans de l'éthanol à 70% ont donné un rendement de 72% et une pureté de 37%. Alors que pour les rejets industriels de fleurons de brocoli, les paramètres optimisés pour la purification de la glucoraphanine étaient un ratio matière/résine de 1:1.87, un temps de contact de 30 min, une vitesse d'agitation de 80 rpm/min et un solvant d'élution de 100% eau. La purification subséquente de l'extrait cationique en utilisant la résine anionique a été réalisée en utilisant les paramètres expérimentaux optimisés du rapport matière/résine de 1:1.3 pendant 170 min à 140 rpm/min et éluée en utilisant 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans 70% d'éthanol, fournissant une récupération de 78% et pureté de 5%. Enfin, les paramètres du processus d'extraction et de purification optimisés à l'échelle du laboratoire ont été extrapolés à l'échelle pilote pour la fabrication d'extraits en poudre, indiquant que le procédé optimisé était très efficace pour récupérer la glucoraphanine avec une grande pureté même à grande échelle. Par conséquent, la présente étude a mis au point un procédé écologique efficace et industriellement viable pour la fabrication d'extraits de rejets industriels de brocoli. Le processus optimisé a fourni une voie alternative économiquement viable pour la valorisation de la récolte perdue qui nous rapproche de la sécurité alimentaire et la durabilité environnementale.
Le brocoli est une excellente source de composés nutraceutiques ayant de nombreux effets sur la santé tels que les propriétés anticancéreuses, anti-diabétiques, antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes. Les glucosinolates, les polyphénols, les vitamines, les minéraux et les fibres alimentaires sont les principales molécules présentes dans le brocoli. La production annuelle mondiale de brocoli est de 21 millions de tonnes. On estime que 35 à 40% des cultures horticoles sont perdues en raison de pratiques agricoles inadéquates, générant d'énormes quantités de déchets agricoles. Ces cultures perdues pourraient être utilisées comme matières premières pour l'extraction et la purification d'ingrédients bioactifs destinés à l'industrie nutraceutique et alimentaire. L'objectif principal de ce projet était de développer une technique économique et respectueuse de l'environnement pour la fabrication d'un extrait riche en glucoraphanine à partir de rejets industriels de brocoli, en fournissant une voie alternative pour sa valorisation. Ce travail se concentre principalement sur l'identification, la caractérisation et la quantification des glucosinolates et des polyphénols présents dans 10 lots rejetés de graines de brocoli et de résidus industriels de brocoli tels que les fleurons, les tiges et le mélange de fleurons et de tiges. De plus, le procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine a été optimisé en utilisant des solvants verts tels que l'éthanol et l'eau. En outre, la glucoraphanine provenant d'extraits de brocoli bruts a été purifiée en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par une Méthodologie de Surface de Réponse, basé sur le Box-Behnken Design (BBD) et l'Analyse des Composants Principaux. Enfin, des expériences pilotes ont été réalisées en utilisant les paramètres optimisés pour vérifier leur adéquation pour une application industrielle. La caractérisation et la quantification simultanées par UPLC MS/MS ont indiqué la présence de 12 glucosinolates (principalement de la glucoraphanine) et de 5 polyphénols dans les sous-produits du brocoli. La teneur en glucosinolates variait de 0,2 à 2% de matière sèche (MS), tandis que les polyphénols étaient inférieurs à 0,02% de MS. L'abondance relative de la glucoraphanine dans les sous-produits du brocoli a fait un IV matériau de départ prometteur pour la fabrication de compléments alimentaires fonctionnels. De plus, un procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine écologique et à base de solvant a été optimisé pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un extracteur à agitation magnétique unique a maximisé l'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine. Les paramètres d'extraction optimisés étaient de 50% et 70% d'éthanol aqueux extraits pendant 60 et 30 minutes à 60 et 23°C pour les sous-produits de graines et de fleurons, respectivement, en utilisant un rapport matière/solvant de 1:20. Le procédé vert optimisé a donné un rendement de glucoraphanine de 55,5 g/kg MS de graines et de 4,3 g/kg MS de fleurons. Le procédé vert développé dans cette étude a fourni 37 et 81 fois plus d'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine que la technique analytique standard basée sur le méthanol. Enfin, un procédé de purification de la glucoraphanine respectueux de l'environnement et industriellement réalisable a été développé en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par approche de surface de réponse pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un ensemble de 27 essais, 3 niveaux dans le BBD ont été proposés pour les résines cationiques et anioniques en série, pour maximiser les réponses du processus. La purification de la glucoraphanine à partir de l'extrait de graines de brocoli en utilisant une résine cationique a permis une récupération maximale de 94% et une pureté de 14% en utilisant 1:5 du rapport matière/résine pendant 91 min à 80 rpm/min. Dans le cas de la résine anionique, les variables expérimentales de 1:5, 140 min, 160 rpm/min et 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans de l'éthanol à 70% ont donné un rendement de 72% et une pureté de 37%. Alors que pour les rejets industriels de fleurons de brocoli, les paramètres optimisés pour la purification de la glucoraphanine étaient un ratio matière/résine de 1:1.87, un temps de contact de 30 min, une vitesse d'agitation de 80 rpm/min et un solvant d'élution de 100% eau. La purification subséquente de l'extrait cationique en utilisant la résine anionique a été réalisée en utilisant les paramètres expérimentaux optimisés du rapport matière/résine de 1:1.3 pendant 170 min à 140 rpm/min et éluée en utilisant 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans 70% d'éthanol, fournissant une récupération de 78% et pureté de 5%. Enfin, les paramètres du processus d'extraction et de purification optimisés à V l'échelle du laboratoire ont été extrapolés à l'échelle pilote pour la fabrication d'extraits en poudre, indiquant que le procédé optimisé était très efficace pour récupérer la glucoraphanine avec une grande pureté même à grande échelle. Par conséquent, la présente étude a mis au point un procédé écologique efficace et industriellement viable pour la fabrication d'extraits de rejets industriels de brocoli. Le processus optimisé a fourni une voie alternative économiquement viable pour la valorisation de la récolte perdue qui nous rapproche de la sécurité alimentaire et la durabilité environnementale.
Le brocoli est une excellente source de composés nutraceutiques ayant de nombreux effets sur la santé tels que les propriétés anticancéreuses, anti-diabétiques, antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes. Les glucosinolates, les polyphénols, les vitamines, les minéraux et les fibres alimentaires sont les principales molécules présentes dans le brocoli. La production annuelle mondiale de brocoli est de 21 millions de tonnes. On estime que 35 à 40% des cultures horticoles sont perdues en raison de pratiques agricoles inadéquates, générant d'énormes quantités de déchets agricoles. Ces cultures perdues pourraient être utilisées comme matières premières pour l'extraction et la purification d'ingrédients bioactifs destinés à l'industrie nutraceutique et alimentaire. L'objectif principal de ce projet était de développer une technique économique et respectueuse de l'environnement pour la fabrication d'un extrait riche en glucoraphanine à partir de rejets industriels de brocoli, en fournissant une voie alternative pour sa valorisation. Ce travail se concentre principalement sur l'identification, la caractérisation et la quantification des glucosinolates et des polyphénols présents dans 10 lots rejetés de graines de brocoli et de résidus industriels de brocoli tels que les fleurons, les tiges et le mélange de fleurons et de tiges. De plus, le procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine a été optimisé en utilisant des solvants verts tels que l'éthanol et l'eau. En outre, la glucoraphanine provenant d'extraits de brocoli bruts a été purifiée en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par une Méthodologie de Surface de Réponse, basé sur le Box-Behnken Design (BBD) et l'Analyse des Composants Principaux. Enfin, des expériences pilotes ont été réalisées en utilisant les paramètres optimisés pour vérifier leur adéquation pour une application industrielle. La caractérisation et la quantification simultanées par UPLC MS/MS ont indiqué la présence de 12 glucosinolates (principalement de la glucoraphanine) et de 5 polyphénols dans les sous-produits du brocoli. La teneur en glucosinolates variait de 0,2 à 2% de matière sèche (MS), tandis que les polyphénols étaient inférieurs à 0,02% de MS. L'abondance relative de la glucoraphanine dans les sous-produits du brocoli a fait un matériau de départ prometteur pour la fabrication de compléments alimentaires fonctionnels. De plus, un procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine écologique et à base de solvant a été optimisé pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un extracteur à agitation magnétique unique a maximisé l'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine. Les paramètres d'extraction optimisés étaient de 50% et 70% d'éthanol aqueux extraits pendant 60 et 30 minutes à 60 et 23°C pour les sous-produits de graines et de fleurons, respectivement, en utilisant un rapport matière/solvant de 1:20. Le procédé vert optimisé a donné un rendement de glucoraphanine de 55,5 g/kg MS de graines et de 4,3 g/kg MS de fleurons. Le procédé vert développé dans cette étude a fourni 37 et 81 fois plus d'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine que la technique analytique standard basée sur le méthanol. Enfin, un procédé de purification de la glucoraphanine respectueux de l'environnement et industriellement réalisable a été développé en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par approche de surface de réponse pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un ensemble de 27 essais, 3 niveaux dans le BBD ont été proposés pour les résines cationiques et anioniques en série, pour maximiser les réponses du processus. La purification de la glucoraphanine à partir de l'extrait de graines de brocoli en utilisant une résine cationique a permis une récupération maximale de 94% et une pureté de 14% en utilisant 1:5 du rapport matière/résine pendant 91 min à 80 rpm/min. Dans le cas de la résine anionique, les variables expérimentales de 1:5, 140 min, 160 rpm/min et 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans de l'éthanol à 70% ont donné un rendement de 72% et une pureté de 37%. Alors que pour les rejets industriels de fleurons de brocoli, les paramètres optimisés pour la purification de la glucoraphanine étaient un ratio matière/résine de 1:1.87, un temps de contact de 30 min, une vitesse d'agitation de 80 rpm/min et un solvant d'élution de 100% eau. La purification subséquente de l'extrait cationique en utilisant la résine anionique a été réalisée en utilisant les paramètres expérimentaux optimisés du rapport matière/résine de 1:1.3 pendant 170 min à 140 rpm/min et éluée en utilisant 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans 70% d'éthanol, fournissant une récupération de 78% et pureté de 5%. Enfin, les paramètres du processus d'extraction et de purification optimisés à l'échelle du laboratoire ont été extrapolés à l'échelle pilote pour la fabrication d'extraits en poudre, indiquant que le procédé optimisé était très efficace pour récupérer la glucoraphanine avec une grande pureté même à grande échelle. Par conséquent, la présente étude a mis au point un procédé écologique efficace et industriellement viable pour la fabrication d'extraits de rejets industriels de brocoli. Le processus optimisé a fourni une voie alternative économiquement viable pour la valorisation de la récolte perdue qui nous rapproche de la sécurité alimentaire et la durabilité environnementale.
Le brocoli est une excellente source de composés nutraceutiques ayant de nombreux effets sur la santé tels que les propriétés anticancéreuses, anti-diabétiques, antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes. Les glucosinolates, les polyphénols, les vitamines, les minéraux et les fibres alimentaires sont les principales molécules présentes dans le brocoli. La production annuelle mondiale de brocoli est de 21 millions de tonnes. On estime que 35 à 40% des cultures horticoles sont perdues en raison de pratiques agricoles inadéquates, générant d'énormes quantités de déchets agricoles. Ces cultures perdues pourraient être utilisées comme matières premières pour l'extraction et la purification d'ingrédients bioactifs destinés à l'industrie nutraceutique et alimentaire. L'objectif principal de ce projet était de développer une technique économique et respectueuse de l'environnement pour la fabrication d'un extrait riche en glucoraphanine à partir de rejets industriels de brocoli, en fournissant une voie alternative pour sa valorisation. Ce travail se concentre principalement sur l'identification, la caractérisation et la quantification des glucosinolates et des polyphénols présents dans 10 lots rejetés de graines de brocoli et de résidus industriels de brocoli tels que les fleurons, les tiges et le mélange de fleurons et de tiges. De plus, le procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine a été optimisé en utilisant des solvants verts tels que l'éthanol et l'eau. En outre, la glucoraphanine provenant d'extraits de brocoli bruts a été purifiée en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par une Méthodologie de Surface de Réponse, basé sur le Box-Behnken Design (BBD) et l'Analyse des Composants Principaux. Enfin, des expériences pilotes ont été réalisées en utilisant les paramètres optimisés pour vérifier leur adéquation pour une application industrielle. La caractérisation et la quantification simultanées par UPLC MS/MS ont indiqué la présence de 12 glucosinolates (principalement de la glucoraphanine) et de 5 polyphénols dans les sous-produits du brocoli. La teneur en glucosinolates variait de 0,2 à 2% de matière sèche (MS), tandis que les polyphénols étaient inférieurs à 0,02% de MS. L'abondance relative de la glucoraphanine dans les sous-produits du brocoli a fait un matériau de départ prometteur pour la fabrication de compléments alimentaires fonctionnels. De plus, un procédé d'extraction de la glucoraphanine écologique et à base de solvant a été optimisé pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un extracteur à agitation magnétique unique a maximisé l'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine. Les paramètres d'extraction optimisés étaient de 50% et 70% d'éthanol aqueux extraits pendant 60 et 30 minutes à 60 et 23°C pour les sous-produits de graines et de fleurons, respectivement, en utilisant un rapport matière/solvant de 1:20. Le procédé vert optimisé a donné un rendement de glucoraphanine de 55,5 g/kg MS de graines et de 4,3 g/kg MS de fleurons. Le procédé vert développé dans cette étude a fourni 37 et 81 fois plus d'extractibilité de la glucoraphanine que la technique analytique standard basée sur le méthanol. Enfin, un procédé de purification de la glucoraphanine respectueux de l'environnement et industriellement réalisable a été développé en utilisant des résines échangeuses d'ions par approche de surface de réponse pour les sous-produits de graines de brocoli et de fleurons. Un ensemble de 27 essais, 3 niveaux dans le BBD ont été proposés pour les résines cationiques et anioniques en série, pour maximiser les réponses du processus. La purification de la glucoraphanine à partir de l'extrait de graines de brocoli en utilisant une résine cationique a permis une récupération maximale de 94% et une pureté de 14% en utilisant 1:5 du rapport matière/résine pendant 91 min à 80 rpm/min. Dans le cas de la résine anionique, les variables expérimentales de 1:5, 140 min, 160 rpm/min et 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans de l'éthanol à 70% ont donné un rendement de 72% et une pureté de 37%. Alors que pour les rejets industriels de fleurons de brocoli, les paramètres optimisés pour la purification de la glucoraphanine étaient un ratio matière/résine de 1:1.87, un temps de contact de 30 min, une vitesse d'agitation de 80 rpm/min et un solvant d'élution de 100% eau. La purification subséquente de l'extrait cationique en utilisant la résine anionique a été réalisée en utilisant les paramètres expérimentaux optimisés du rapport matière/résine de 1:1.3 pendant 170 min à 140 rpm/min et éluée en utilisant 7% d'hydroxyde d'ammonium dans 70% d'éthanol, fournissant une récupération de 78% et pureté de 5%. Enfin, les paramètres du processus d'extraction et de purification optimisés à l'échelle du laboratoire ont été extrapolés à l'échelle pilote pour la fabrication d'extraits en poudre, indiquant que le procédé optimisé était très efficace pour récupérer la glucoraphanine avec une grande pureté même à grande échelle. Par conséquent, la présente étude a mis au point un procédé écologique efficace et industriellement viable pour la fabrication d'extraits de rejets industriels de brocoli. Le processus optimisé a fourni une voie alternative économiquement viable pour la valorisation de la récolte perdue qui nous rapproche de la sécurité alimentaire et la durabilité environnementale.
Broccoli is an excellent source of nutraceutical compounds with many health effects such as anticancerous, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties. Glucosinolates, polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers are the most important molecules present in broccoli. The global annual production of broccoli is 21 million tons. It is estimated that 35-40% of the horticultural crops are lost due to inadequate agricultural practices, generating huge quantities of agro-waste. These lost crops, could be used as raw materials for the extraction and purification of bioactive ingredients for the nutraceutical and food industry. The main objective of this project was to develop an economical and environmental friendly technique for the fabrication of an extract rich in glucoraphanin from broccoli industrial discards, providing an alternative route for its valorization. This work predominantly focuses on the identification, characterization and quantification of glucosinolates and polyphenols present in 10 rejected lots of broccoli seeds and broccoli industrial residues such as florets, stalks and the mixture of florets and stalks. Additionally, the glucoraphanin extraction process was optimized using green solvents such as ethanol and water. Further, the glucoraphanin from crude broccoli extracts were purified using ion exchange resins by Response Surface Methodology, based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Principle component analysis. Finally, pilot experiments were performed using the optimized parameters to verify their industrial applicability. The simultaneous characterization and quantification by UPLC MS/MS indicated the presence of 12 glucosinolates (predominantly glucoraphanin) and 5 polyphenols in broccoli by-products. The glucosinolates content varied from 0.2 to 2% dry weight (DW), whereas, the polyphenols were less than 0.02% DW. The relative abundance of glucoraphanin in broccoli by-products makes it a promising starting material for the fabrication of functional food supplements. Further, an eco-friendly, solvent based glucoraphanin extraction process was optimized for broccoli seeds and florets by-products. A single batch magnetically stirred extractor was found to maximize glucoraphanin extractability. The optimized extraction parameters were 50% and 70% aqueous ethanol extracted for 60 and 30 minutes at 60 and 23°C for seeds and florets by-products, respectively, using a feed to solvent ratio of 1:20. The optimized green process provided a glucoraphanin yield of 55.5 g/Kg DW seeds and 4.3 g/kg DW florets by-products. The green process developed in this study provided 37 and 81 times more glucoraphanin extractability than the standardized methanol based analytical technique. Finally, an environmental friendly and industrially feasible glucoraphanin purification process was developed using ion exchange resins by response surface approach for broccoli seeds and florets by-products. A 27 run, 3 level BBD, were proposed for cationic and anionic resins in series, to maximize the process responses. Glucoraphanin purification from broccoli seeds extract using cationic resin provided a maximal recovery of 94% and purity of 14% using 1:5 of feed to resin ratio for 30 min, at 80 rpm agitation speed and eluting solvent concentration of 100% water. For anionic resin, the experimental variables of 1:5, 140 min, 160 rpm and 7% ammonium hydroxide in 70% ethanol provided a process efficiency of 72% and a purity of 37%. Whereas, for broccoli florets industrial discards, the optimized process parameters for the purification of glucoraphanin were a feed to resin ratio of 1:1.87, contact time of 30 min, agitation speed of 80 rpm and eluting solvent of 100% water. Subsequent purification of the cationic extract using the anionic resin was performed using the optimized experimental parameters of feed to resin ratio of 1:1.3 for 170 min at 140 rpm and eluted using 7% ammonium hydroxide in 70% ethanol, providing a recovery of 78% and purity of 5%. Finally, the laboratory scale optimized extraction and purification process parameters was extrapolated onto the pilot scale for the fabrication of powdered extracts, indicated that the optimized process was highly efficient in recovering glucoraphanin with high purity even on large scale operation. Hence, the present study developed an efficient, industrially viable green process, for the fabrication of extracts from broccoli industrial discards. The optimized process provided an economically feasible alternative route for the valorization of the lost crop bringing us closer to food security and environmental sustainability.
Wikanta, Prasaja. "Etude et conception d'une nouvelle architecture transversale PHY/MAC pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fils dédiés à la télémédecine." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPHF0014.
Improving access and quality of public health services in Indonesia is still a big challenge. Geographic obstacles, shortage, and maldistribution of specialist/doctors especially in rural areas are some of the challenges to be answered. In 2016, the city council of Makassar Indonesia has developed a telemedicine system called "home care" to overcome those challenges. They created mobile healthcare vehicle called "Dottoro ta" that gives healthcare services 24 hours/day to the community. This vehicle is equipped with ElectroCardioGraphy (ECG), UltraSonoGraphy (USG) and other standard medical equipment. When patients call this service, a team consisting of doctors, nurses and drivers will move to the patient's location and gives a proper treatment. Meanwhile, the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers a broad opportunity to improve these services. Changing this equipment with IoT devices will offer a lot of advantages. IoT is the recent technological term, which is a collection of devices or sensors that have connectivity to the internet. Here, the Internet does not have to be a global connection; indeed, a Local Area Network (LAN) is also possible as long as it supports TCP/IP protocols. Most IoT devices use wireless connections to ensure mobility and portability. However, wireless devices have some fundamental issues such as energy consumption, noise and interference of wireless communication. IoT has many variations for implementation including healthcare sectors. Today, sensor nodes have changed into small, unobtrusive and powerful devices, which can be easily accommodated into wearable devices such as smart watches, bracelets, gloves or buttons. Thus, it gives more convenient way to collect the health condition data of patients using wearable sensors and then send, analyzed and stored the data in the cloud. For example, by using heart rate sensors, the conditions of the patients such as heart attacks, anxiety and stress can be continuously monitored. Another potential of using IoT on health sectors is telemedicine field, enabling doctors/nurses to perform retrieval of data in real-time and immediately perform diagnostics on the spot, without preoccupied with the installation of conventional medical devices. This will speed up diagnosis and give a positive impact on the health of the patient. Indeed, deploying IoT system in the health sector has several advantages over conventional wired systems such as ease of use, reducing the risk of infection, reducing the risk of failure, reducing user discomfort, increasing mobility, improving the efficiency of hospital care, and lower installation costs. However, providing the robust transmission in the wireless communication is a challenge in the healthcare domain, because continuous updated health data is very important for the treatment of the patients. In this research activity, we propose a new cross layer protocol to overcome this problem. The proposal takes advantages of beacon power measurements in the node’s PHY layer to determine whether there is interference from the human body or not. This information is used by the MAC layer to decide the transmission of packets. Our results show that there are significant improvements of the PER while maintaining the throughput relatively the same as the conventional protocol. We analytically show the effect of body pathloss on 802.11ah network and its effects in terms of power consumption for the healthcare sensors. We compare the standard pathloss of 802.11ah with body pathloss. We see that body pathloss increase PER and decrease throughput because the body absorbs the electromagnetic signal. We also propose a novel cross-layer algorithm to counter the effect of body pathloss. The idea is to defer the data transmission if there is a high probability of body pathloss by detecting the received power of beacon
Benseba, Djamel. "Le transfert de la technologie pharmaceutique vers les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010009.
Sonnenfeld, Camille. "Fibres optiques microstructurées à réseaux de Bragg pour la production et le suivi santé-matière de matériaux composites à matrice organique renforcée par des fibres de carbone." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2017.
Structural health monitoring (SHM) has emerged as an exciting topic for multi-disciplinary research and development in the field of composite materials. These high-performance materials are increasingly being used in highly mechanically loaded structures such as aircrafts and wind turbines. To ensure that their integrity is not compromised, new systems that enable in-situ SHM are currently developed. This PhD thesis contributes to the development of “smart composite materials” using a novel type of optical sensor based on Bragg gratings in highly birefringent microstructured optical fibre (MOF). The MOF used in this PhD work is highly asymmetric and has been designed such that its phase modal birefringence features sensitivity to transverse strain that is one order of magnitude larger than that reported in literature, whilst being quasi-insensitive to temperature changes. Our objective is to demonstrate the capabilities of our sensors for smart material applications, and to do so we integrate our sensors inside carbon fibre reinforced polymer materials. First, we evaluate the mechanical strength of our MOFs in order to define the mechanical stress range to which MOFs can be submitted without being damaged. Then, we propose a multi-strain sensor using our MOF in order to assess the multi-axial strain field within the composite material with a strain resolution of 5µm in the transverse directions. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility to use these MOF sensors to identify the material state changes during the cure cycle of a composite and we prove that we are able to estimate the residual strain built up within the composite as a result of the manufacturing
Zaineb, Liouane. "Services e-santé basés sur la reconnaissance et la prédiction des activités quotidiennes dans les espaces intelligents." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S109.
Advances in sensor technology and their availability have measured various properties and activities of residents in a smart home. However, obtaining significant knowledge from a large amount of information collected from a sensor network is not a simple task. Due to the complexity of the behavior of the inhabitants, the extraction of meaningful information and the accurate prediction of values representing the future activities of an occupant are research challenges. The main objective of our thesis work is to ensure an efficient analysis of data collected from occupancy sensors in a smart home. In this regard, this work is based on the recognition and evaluation of the daily activities of an elderly person in order to observe, predict and monitor the evolution of his state of dependence, health and to detect by the same occasion, the presence of a loss or a disruption of autonomy in real time
Makdessi, Maawad. "Modélisation, vieillissement et surveillance de l'état de santé des condensateurs films utilisés dans des applications avioniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058227.
Georgi, Nawras. "Acquisition, structuration et transmission de données de santé issues d'objets connectés pour une solution de télésuivi dans le contexte du maintien à domicile." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S116.
Thanks to medical progress and new technologies, life expectancy is growing continuously leading to the emergence of specific needs for elderly. With eighty percent of French willing to keep living at home even with loss of autonomy, offering a remote health monitoring system would allow them to do so in good conditions. In this context, we identified three challenges. The first one concerns health sensors interoperability which is declining because of proprietary protocols largely adopted by manufacturers in their products. To deal with this issue, we propose a middleware that simplifies the communication with the multitude of protocols, proprietary and standard, to improve interoperability with both medical and wellness devices. The second challenge reports to reliability and more particularly to measurement errors due to device handling by the user in absence of clinician. We illustrate this point with a wrist blood pressure monitor and propose a method that guides the user in properly positioning the device thanks to a smartwatch. The last challenge relates to multimodality and more precisely to the measure contextualization. It consists of combining different types of data from a set of sensors in a health monitoring system to ensure that blood pressure is measured in compliance with learned societies recommendations. The experiment we have conducted allows to evaluate the users' acceptability of the proposed solution
Mengue, M'Owono Prince Warel. "Capteurs à ondes élastiques de déformation, température et champ magnétique directement intégrés sur pièces métalliques : applications en surveillance de santé des structures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0085.
Structural integrity research, also called structural health monitoring (SHM), enables the implementation of a damage detection strategy for aerospace, civil, and mechanical infrastructures. These systems typically consist of a network of smart sensors that enable the collection of data across the entire structure. In addition, the increasing use of connected objects (IoT) in the market is making these systems more and more attractive. Therefore, it is important to develop sensors that are responsive to the external environment, have innovative features, and enable continuous monitoring of the structure. Surface acoustic wave devices have a wide range of innovative properties. Their sensitivity to external disturbances allows continuous measurement of the various measurands (temperature, pressure, deformation, etc.). Moreover, these devices can be passive (without battery), remotely interrogatable (wireless) and self-protected (without packaging). The implementation of conventional SAW sensors is usually on piezoelectric materials, which involves the use of adhesive to attach the sensor to the part under test. The adhesive leads to the need to perform a certain number of complex techniques, in addition to a calibration of the structure to be fixed before any type of measurement. This first leads to measurement errors caused by the relaxation of the adhesive in inhospitable and variable environments. In a second step, a delay is caused in the measurement of the deformation stresses, which varies according to the thickness and environment of the measurements. In a third step, sensor lift-off is often very rare. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop sensors that combine SAW devices with the structural health monitoring system for the measurement of deformation, temperature and magnetic field integrated directly on industrial metal parts
Sadek, Ibrahim Hussein Tahoun Ibrahim. "Télésurveillance nocturne non intrusive de signes vitaux dans des environnements d’assistance à l’autonomie à domicile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS102/document.
The current approaches for diagnosing sleep disorders are burdensome, intrusive, and can affect the patient’s sleep quality. As a result, there is a crucial need for less cumbersome systems to diagnose sleep-related problems. We propose to use a novel nonintrusive sleep monitoring system based on a microbend fiber-optic mat placed under the bed mattress. The sleep quality is assessed based on different parameters, including heart rate, breathing rate, body movements, wake up time, sleep time, night movement, and bedtime. The proposed system has been validated in a health and wellness environment in addition to a clinical environment as follows. In the former case, the heart rate is measured from noisy ballistocardiogram signals acquired from 50 human volunteers in a sitting position using a massage chair. The signals are unobtrusively collected from a microbend fiber optic sensor embedded within the headrest of the chair and then transmitted to a computer through a Bluetooth connection. The heart rate is computed using the multiresolution analysis of the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform. The error between the proposed method and the reference ECG is estimated in beats per minute using the mean absolute error where the system achieved relatively good results (10.12 ± 4.69) despite the remarkable amount of motion artifact produced owing to the frequent body movements and/or vibrations of the massage chair during stress relief massage. Unlike the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm, previously employed for heart rate estimation, the suggested system is much faster. Hence, it can be used in real-time applications. In the latter case, we evaluated the capacity of the microbend fiber optic sensor to monitor heart rate and respiration unobtrusively. In addition, we tested the capacity of the sensor in discriminating between shallow breathing and no breathing. The proposed sensor was compared to a three-channel portable monitoring device (ApneaLink) in a clinical setting during a drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Across all ten patients recruited for our study, the system achieved satisfactory results in the mean heart rate and the mean respiratory rate with an error of 0.55±0.59 beats/minute and 0.38 ± 0.32 breaths/minute, respectively. Besides, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the proposed sensor and the reference device was 0.96 and 0.78 for heart rate and respiration, respectively. On the contrary, the proposed sensor provided a very low sensitivity (24.24 ± 12.81%) and a relatively high specificity (85.88 ± 6.01%) for sleep apnea detection. It is expected that this preliminary research will pave the way toward unobtrusive detection of obstructive sleep apnea in real-time. Following successful validation of the proposed system, we have successfully deployed our sleep monitoring system in thirteen apartments with mainly senior residents over six months. Nevertheless, in this research, we concentrate on a one-month deployment with three senior female residents. The proposed system shows an agreement with a user’s survey collected before the study. Furthermore, the system is integrated within an existing ambient assisted living platform with a user-friendly interface to make it more convenient for the caregivers to follow-up the sleep parameters of the residents
Boukabache, Hamza. "Etude et développement d'un noeud piézoélectrique intégré dans un micro-système reconfigurable : applications à la surveillance "de santé" de structures aéronautiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932251.
Sadoudi, Laïd. "Étude et développement d'une plateforme de communication pour les réseaux de capteurs acoustiques sans fil : application au contrôle-santé des rails par corrélation du bruit ambiant." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0018/document.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) reduces human inspection requirements through automated monitoring, reduces maintenance costs by early detection of defects before they escalate, and improves safety and reliability of services. The work presented in this thesis aims to design a wireless communication platform for railway structures health monitoring. The control principle is based on the reconstruction of impulse responses (Green’s functions) by correlation of random noise propagated in the medium. In this work, direct comparison between an active emission-reception response and the estimated noise correlation function has confirmed the validity of the equivalence relation between them. Thus, we have demonstrated the applicability of the correlation functions for local defect detection in a rail. Then, we conducted an experimental study on the characterization of a ZigBee transmission in terms of path loss and communication range in multiple environments. In the railway environment under test, we showed the adequacy with the range of a ZigBee single-hop transmission (within a radius of 76m). Furthermore, a flexible solution for sensors synchronization during the sampling process, based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard was proposed and validated by a measurement campaign. It has been demonstrated that this approach provides a precision of a few hundred nanoseconds. A wireless communication-platform prototype based on the ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 technology has been implemented and deployed on a rail sample. This solution enabled the validation of the platform performances, once the data collected by the transducers, the information is transmitted by a ZigBee link to a base station where detection algorithms are applied
Salhi, Mongi. "L'évolution du droit de propriété intellectuelle en Tunisie suite à son adhésion à l'OMC et la signature de l'accord ADPIC." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB018/document.
The TRIPS agreement has been accepted by Tunisia as a necessary evil in order to obtain commercial benefits in sectors of great interest. It was also considered well thought out because it provided a transition period for developing countries to adapt their systems to this comprehensive instrument and establish a minimum standard that could apply to all countries and link IPR to trade. Tunisia is an interesting case of analysis, especially in comparison with other countries maintaining an attitude of rejection towards the traditional treaties of IP. Our country has been a member of the Paris and Berne Conventions for more than a century. It was, of course, the right student who harmonized by developing a new culture of IP protection in accordance with the new international system. The reason is that IP is designed to be, in the new cognitive economy, an important tool in international competitiveness. It is also an instrument for attracting FDI. At the same time, and as stipulated in TRIPS, IP would be an essential component in promoting innovation and ease of technology transfer. But this pattern of harmonization on the basis of so-called minimum standards has not satisfied the enthusiasm of the industrialized countries that have embarked on the conclusion of bilateral trade agreements beyond TRIPS. Our objective is therefore to analyze these assumptions and try to explain what has happened since the TRIPS agreement. The question is whether, in doing so, the country has succeeded in establishing this link between the trade considerations required by TRIPS and the internal concerns related to health, agriculture, cultural diversity and environment. Twenty-three years later, has the country benefited from the alignment of its IP regime with the TRIPS Agreement? One of the stated objectives of TRIPS was the spread of knowledge and thereby the improvement of R & D capabilities. However, very little progress has been made, and it seems that the situation has worsened
Lemartinel, Antoine. "Development of self-sensing structural composites parts for wind mill blades monitoring." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS466.
The growing demands for electrical energy, especially renewable, is boosting the development of wind turbines equipped with longer composite blades. To reduce the maintenance cost of such huge composite parts, the structural health monitoring (SHM) is an approach to anticipate and/or follow the structural behaviour along time. To do so, a proper instrumentation is necessary and has to be as less intrusive as possible. To this end, the development of carbon nanotube- epoxy Quantum Resistive Sensor (QRS) is presented. QRS can be as well glued on the surface or embedded in the core of the composite structure during the stacking sequence. During manufacturing, both the temperature and resin crosslinking can be detected with the change in the QRS electrical characteristics. Once the structural part is made, the effect of the external parameters (strain rate, temperature, humidity, Poisson ratio…) on the electrical characteristics of QRS has been studied. During the composite life, the QRS electrical behaviour has also demonstrate its capability to detect the initiation and propagation of damage until final failure. A non-intrusive monitoring with QRS of the structure life cycle, from manufacturing until final breakage is therefore possible
Lévesque, Ryan Maude. "Technologies d'information de santé chez les personnes âgées : attitudes, conseils et volonté d'usage." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39644.
Boudreau, François. "Diabète de type 2 et activité physique : Développement, mise en oeuvre et effet d'une intervention éducative sur mesure à l'aide des technologies de l'information." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27200/27200.pdf.
Dhiab, Hana. "Pluralisme des services de conseil et verrouillage technologique.Le cas de la réduction des pesticides dans la filière de plants de pomme de terre en France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA004/document.
The adverse effects of pesticides on health and the environment are well known and different regulations aim at decreasing their use in the agricultural sector in France and Europe. However, this use does not decrease in practice. Agriculture is as of yet characterized in academic literature by a technological lock-in on an intensive use of pesticides. Analyses of technological lock-in have shown that one solution is to produce knowledge on alternative techniques. In this regard, agricultural advisory services have a key role. These services have, nonetheless, undergone profound organisational transformations in European countries, leading to a greater pluralism of agricultural service providers.This PhD research questions the performance of farm advisory services and their capacity to produce knowledge on alternative farming practices that does not require an intensive use of pesticides. This work is based on advances from institutional economics dealing with knowledge intensive business services (KIBS). It presents a conceptual and methodological framework developed to analyse the diversity of service suppliers, their partnerships and their conception of the performance of advisory services. The research draws on case studies in the French potato seed industry
Tilman, Laora. "L’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication à l’hôpital face au droit." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20008/document.
The use of ICT has become increasingly important in hospitals. However, the legal framework structuring its use is very complex to grasp. Indeed, it is made up of general laws as well as specific ones and makes this framework sometimes unconsistent. To provide an optimal legal framework for the ICT to expand safely, the legislator needs to strike the right balance between protecting fundamental rights and securing practices. As the current legal framework does not provide this delicate balance, public authorities have a strategic role to play to ensure a secure use of ICT within hospitals. To guarantee the development of consistent projects, a strong governance has to set up a national leadership. The legal framework needs to be rehabilitated to support digital innovation in Healthcare and to ensure a legal protection required for an appropriate use of ICT. Hospitals have then a key role to play in securing their practices
Hanna, Eve. "Les thérapies innovantes : une révolution médicale et un tsunami financier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0622/document.
The objectives of this thesis were to identify the magnitude of the ATMPs pipeline, to assess the budget impact of ATMPs and to suggest new funding models for ATMPs in order to help decision-makers to anticipate the hypothetical short and medium term budget impact of such products. The magnitude of ATMPs pipeline was evaluated by identifying the number and characteristics of ATMPs clinical trials in 3 worldwide clinical trials databases. A large number of ATMPs are in development (939 clinical trials) and may successfully reach the market. Overall, the results showed that the number of ATMPs clinical trials has been consistently growing over the past 15 years. The budget impact of ATMPs was assessed. Markov models were developed to assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact for ATMPs using 5 efficacy scenarios in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease and heart failure. Then, an estimation of the budget impact of 35 ATMPs was conducted suggesting that an ATMP can cure all patients. We have shown in this chapter that a cost-effective ATMP may be unaffordable; payers will not be able to pay upfront the costs of all ATMPs. The traditional funding models may not be adaptable for ATMPs. The proposed funding models for innovative high-cost therapies were identified through a literature review, discussed during a consensus meeting and an optimal funding model for ATMPs was recommended.Finally, health policy recommendations for the stakeholders – patients, physicians, payers and manufacturers – are presented. These recommendations aim to help to ensure patient access to innovation while maintaining the sustainability of healthcare system
Laramée, Philippe. "Directives nationales et évaluation des technologies de santé : la justesse des processus nationaux d’évaluation des technologies de Santé et des éléments d’évidences développés pour l’optimisation des bénéfices de Santé Publique, et l’application à la gestion des troubles liés à la consommation d’alcool associée à la précision méthodologique du développement d’évidences." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10028.
The current thesis discusses national processes of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Europe, Australia and Canada, with a central reference to the one proposed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. This is with a focus on the manner decisions about healthcare technologies are taken, based on which considerations and evidence, and with which weight the evidence elements are interlinked with regard to public health implications. The thesis analyses the development of recommendations of care to allow access to the most clinicallyand cost-effective treatments available, based on the best and most up-to-date evidence, and on the consensus from collaboration between clinicians, scientists, health economists, health service managers, as well as patients. Additionally, is discussed the value of covering all components of a disease evolution in assessing in continuum the different steps of disease management. This aims to allow the optimal generation of public health benefits in interlinking appraisals across different stages of disease for a generalist assessment of care, considering that recommendations in some aspects of care can call for more flexibility or constraints in other aspects. With an application to the management of alcohol use disorders, alcohol dependence and attributable harmful consequences, the thesis contextualizes and analyses decisions in the development of health economics and outcomes research evidence, the choice of methodology and directions taken, and their interpretation for optimal generation of public health benefits
Benferhat, Djamel. "Conception d'un système de communication tolérant la connectivité intermittente pour capteurs mobiles biométriques - Application à la supervision médicale de l'activité cardiaque de marathoniens." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904627.
Ramel, Viviane. "Les technologies numériques en santé face aux inégalités sociales et territoriales : une sociologie de l’action publique comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0053.
The link between digital health and equity is seldom studied, even less are the policies which tackle both issues, and this despite governments being urged to implement health-and-equity-in-all-policies strategies. This thesis has studied whether and how governments and health systems’ stakeholders address this linkage. Specifically, this piece of population health interventional and political science research has been based upon a qualitative study design and comparative public policy analysis of territories from four countries (France, Canada, Spain & England) since 2015. Data were gathered from official and various stakeholders’ documents and through interviews with key stakeholders in e-health and health equity fields. Digital health policy has been institutionalized to varying degrees in the four so-called developed countries focussed on. However, equity in digital health issue has not been placed on the political agenda, although it is acknowledged that digital health use can increase social health inequalities (SHI), in terms of unfair access, use, understanding and adoption of technologies. In the four territories, when (rarely) dealt with, digital inclusion is tackled through a set of instruments, by actors involved in several fora which coproduce public interventions on digital health, SHI and digital inclusion. Each mode of instrumentation of public action is affected by previous local institutions, along with actors’ interests and preconceptions about the issues involved. Our study proposes a conceptual framework for public action and policy implementation as regards digital health and equity in four territories. This study has been designed to be useful for analyzing policies in other settings and for suggesting strategies that could be directly implemented in the field
Olech, Valérie. "Le secret médical et les technologies de l’information et de la communication." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0343_OLECH.pdf.
Is there something to add about “medical secrecy”? Scholar disputes over the professional secrecy foundations are supposed to be dried up, since it is now limited to the patient’s interest alone, which would explain the generalization of medical secrecy to all persons of the care system. Yet, when it comes to the matter of the relationship between information and communications technologies and medical secrecy, the scholar discourse suffer from a lake of clarity. What is the impact of the information and communications technologies on the “medical secrecy”? It is a question worth asking by exploring different analytical frameworks from those traditionally employed. The latter is about studying the structural movement according to which the medical secrecy is at the same time “protected” by Law in face of information and communications technologies and “affected” in Law and by the technologies
Naija, Imen. "Le multimédia en ligne et hors ligne au service de la santé publique : le cas de la Tunisie." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020002.
Zackrisson, Marcus. "Financial systems and the financing of high-technology small firms : the case of Sweden, Linköping, and Santa Clara County /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/arts269s.pdf.
Grino, Claire. "Corps, genre et nouvelles technologies biomédicales : reconfigurations antinaturalistes au sein des théories féministes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26834.
The biological materiality of the human body has become an object of unprecedented interventions through “new biomedical technologies” as medically assisted procreation, genetic tests, or hormonal contraception. This thesis interrogates the difficulties inherent to anti-naturalist approaches in order to address the biological dimension of sexed bodies. “One is not born a woman, one becomes one”, but is this also true for the body? The analytical frames of materialist or deconstructivist feminism cannot cease the modalities through which biomedical technologies invest the flesh. Do biomedical technologies make constructivist approaches obsolete through the revenge of a biological – hormonal, genetic, molecular – ground that tops the anatomical effects of socialization? Partisans of a feminist “material turn” seem to think so. After analyzing how the molecular biology revolution changes the very concept of nature in defining it as “life itself”, I offer an alternative interpretation by defining biomedical technologies as technologies of power that stem from a molecular biopolitics of gender. Instead of overturning constructivist perspectives, these new social mediations (residing on a new epistemic paradigm) help understanding a shift in what has been seen as the limits of gender. This shift creates unprecedented identities, experiences and subjectivities of gender. In exposing the coordinates of the biomedical apparatus, this comparative study between disciplinary techniques and molecular biopolitics of gender pleads for a renewed anti-naturalist critique that takes the form of a critique of technology in order to allow for a collective appropriation of biomedical technologies.
Housseman, Sylvain. "Modelisation et aide a la decision pour l'introduction de technologies communicantes en milieu hospitalier." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676621.
Djossa, Adoun Medetongnon Alfred Serge. "Les technologies de l'information et de la télécommunication (TIC) pour la promotion de la santé sexuelle et reproductive (SSR) au sein des jeunes des Premières Nations du Québec : faisabilité et pistes d'intervention." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26815.
The distribution of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV / AIDS prevalence in Canada presents large inequalities between different socio-cultural groups. Aboriginal people are, among the population, which pay the heaviest price. The First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Services Commission (FNQLHSSC) has identified sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, as a priority health issue. The Aboriginal Strategy on HIV / AIDS estimates that to be effective, interventions to prevent HIV / AIDS must target various groups, among which Aboriginal youth is a particular target. In this sense, the familiarity of the younger generation with technology positions especially the use of information and communications technology (ICT) as a highly promising avenue for HIV / AIDS prevention among adolescents and young adults. We conducted a knowledge synthesis in this innovative field following the methodology suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration to highlight the effectiveness and the adoption factors of interventions using ICT for the prevention of STIs/HIV/AIDS and for the promotion of sexual and reproductive health among adolescents and young adults. The results of this systematic review were used to develop and conduct, in partnership with the FNQLHSSC, a research project aiming at studying the feasibility of interventions using information and communication technologies (ICT) to promote sexual health among adolescents and young adults of Quebec First Nations (FN) communities. As a complement to this feasibility evaluation, a study was conducted in order to formulate exhaustive recommendations for the development of evidence-based interventions that also take into account the characteristics of the target population. This study aimed to identify the factors underlying condom use among 13-18 year olds from FN communities of Quebec. We discussed in this thesis the results of those studies, as well as various issues of our research partnership with the FN stakeholders who participated in our project. The practical implications of our results, in terms of research and intervention, are to be discussed with our main partner, the FNQLHSSC, in order to maximize benefits for the populations of PN.
Ben, Dhif Allah Mohamed Bilel. "Choix de localisation et développement des start-ups de hautes technologies : Le cas des biotechnologies appliquées à la santé humaine en France." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090057.
Verdier, Nathalie. "Les représentations de la musicothérapie dans les dispositifs d'information et de communication des politiques de santé publique : discours et contextes." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30059.
This thesis apprehends an object unexplored in Information and Communication Sciences: music therapy. Our approach to this object from the perspective of representations proposes to observe the information-communication processes from which emerge various forms of representations of music therapy through different types of devices integrating digital technologies and try to understand the plural discourse that exists on this specific practice and the place it occupies in the public health system. Our approach considers these representations as complex communicational objects that are the product of interactions between many actors.Our investigations are rooted on a field built for research, whose internet is a main component. Through this media, we have been able to observe many websites and to be in contact with actors according to several modalities, to collect different categories of materials: documents, web contents, online survey results and recording interviews. To process these data, we have implemented a methodology that places research on the way of qualitative research, aiming to understand the representations of music therapy.Through the emergence of different categories of representations, this work also questions the information-communication practices of actors and interactional games that may be related to their respective positioning, constrained by different frameworks of standards.Keywords: music therapy, representation, device, information-communication, context,, actors, speech
Tine, Marius André. "Utilisations et non-utilisation des TIC en santé : le cas des réseaux de soins en cancérologie : aspects techniques, organisationnels, sociopolitiques et dimension communicationnelle." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131034.
This research was focused on the use and the non-use of ICT in the cancer care networks in France. To understand these two categories, it’s at first necessary to take into account the circuits and communication processes genealogy. Previous technologies and communication processes are used to evaluate and estimate the networks’ technical offer. The new technologies do not create new exchange circuits. They are only used reinforce the ones already at work. The apprehension of these two categories then requires the analysis of the socio-political and professional aspects of the reforms. The non-use of ICT in cancer care networks can also be explained by a form of social critique produce by the professionals when it comes to developing a new policy. For health professionals the network’s technical offer can be seen as a tool to redefine power centres, in competition context between healthcare institutions and medical specialties. ICT are also used as a monitorin and tracing system by the politics. It is impossible to study the use and the non-use of ICT in the health ca sector without taking into account the incompatibility between medical logic behind doctors’ work and the administrative rationality that outlines the reform. This incompatibility explains why the ICT is not used in man occasions. Finally, note that the research comes to the conclusion that there is a necessity to recognize this category of non-use
Boudjema, Sophia. "Infections nosocomiales, comportement soignants et technologies innovantes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5055.
Nosocomial infections are responsible for thousands of deaths each year. Healthcare workers (HCW), patients and the hospital environment can be a source of contamination. Fomites such as cell phones, stethoscopes, tensiometers, ties, gowns and rings are used by HCW and may be contaminated. They become potential vectors that can be responsible for nosocomial infections. The HCWs hands' can also be a vector for the transmission of pathogens. Respecting all the rules of hand hygiene in everyday life is essential but can be binding for the HCW. In order to have a more accurate measurement of hand disinfection, an automatic measuring tool called MédiHandTrace® (MHT) was developed and patented. It makes it possible to trace the HCWs with tags into their shoe hoofs. MHT shows compliance rates below 50% and also that hand hygiene is individual. Also, we wanted to understand the reasoning of HCW with regard to their hygiene practices. Through the video, we have highlighted some singular behaviors of HCWs. Improving hand hygiene remains a priority. As a result, we introduced tools coupled with MHT, sent sms to the phones of HCWs showing their individual performance. Hand hygiene is a simple gesture, but its realization takes place in often complex care situations. Adherence to hand hygiene remains multifactorial, requiring new learning and communication tools to deliver simple and effective messages to HCWs
Mbemba, Gisèle Irène Claudine. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et le travail des professionnels de la santé en zones rurales et éloignées dans les pays en développement : cas du Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31125.
The expansion of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health systems enable some health professionals in developing countries to use ICTs in rural areas and to provide better health care to the population. However, studies on the impact of the use of ICTs on the work of health professionals in rural areas in developing countries are rare. The objectives of this two-part research were: 1) To explore the evolution of perceptions related to the recruitment and retention of health professionals in the four district health centers in Mali that have implemented telehealth in the context of the Equi-Reshus project; 2) To identify the variables influencing the perceived impact of telehealth on the recruitment and retention of professionals in this context; 3) To explore the perceptions of health workers about the implementation and use of telehealth as well as the level of motivation and satisfaction in their work in rural and remote areas of Mali. A correlative and exploratory descriptive design was used for the whole of this research. Concerning the first part, the influence of the telehealth project on the recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural areas in Mali, a longitudinal study has allowed to compare the perceptions of 16 participants who completed the questionnaire at time 1 and time 2. Data analysis was based on general descriptive analyzes for T1 and T2-matched samples, for the two dependent variables and the ten independent variables, as well as statistical tests to detect differences between T1 and T2. For the second part of this research, the use and perceptions of telehealth by health professionals in rural Mali, 17 participants were interviewed. A thematic content analysis, based on the elements of the conceptual framework of the study, was undertaken to identify the main themes. Results for the first component showed that the variable "access to ICTs" has evolved, as several healthcare professionals have been able to use IT tools, while the number of ICT users has not increased. We also found that health professionals participating in the project were informed of the availability of telehealth in the centers, but that few were trained to use them. Moreover, our results showed that changes in perceptions did not significantly change between T1 and T2. For the second part, our findings show that the implementation and use of ICTs by healthcare professionals is confronted with problems that can be overcome. In this case, it is about training of personnel, availability of equipment, accessibility to energy sources and the Internet. Despite this, several benefits related to the use of ICT by health professionals were highlighted. These benefits are for the most part those identified as recruitment and retention factors in the reference model. Finally, our findings showed that perceptions of health professionals argued that access to ICTs or telehealth could promote their recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas. In sum, the results of this study show how the use of ICTs in the health systems of developing countries still encounters difficulties despite the adoption of these by health professionals. It is therefore necessary and urgent for the health authorities to be able to invest both in the improvement of health facilities and in the in-service training of staff, especially by facilitating the implantation and use of ICT in rural and remote areas. Keywords: ICT; Telehealth; Training; Professionals healthcare; Recruitment and retention; Rural areas; Mali
Bahrami, Stéphane. "Essais sur la qualité des soins : approches en économie et en santé publique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090073.
This work takes the perspectives of economics and public health to study issues related to the quality of hospital care.The first chapter introduces the concept of quality of care in economics and public health. We show that the two fields use similar definitions of the concept but explore differing and complementary approaches towards its regulation.Fixed price competition between hospitals, as implemented by a prospective payment system, should lead to an improvement of care quality, provided that the demand for care is increasing with quality. The second chapter evaluates the sensitivity to quality of demand for hospital care in France, using ranking lists published by the lay media as a measure of information on quality available to potential patients. We estimate changes in hospital demand caused by ranking lists on a panel of hospitals located in the Paris area, for several pathologies. We find a sizeable and significant demand shift towards hospitals belonging to the top list in the forprofit sector for one pathology. No effect is observed for non-profit hospitals, or for other pathologies in the for profit sector. Competition for quality may thus not be a feasible regulation approach for French public hospitals.The third chapter provides evidence regarding the cost of hospital infection control strategies targeting antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We estimated the burden and costs associated with two types of strategies, relying on targeted screening or on general hygiene promotion strategies, in two multinational controlled clinical trials, in surgical and intensive care units.Our results highlight the variability of costs associated with broad, non-specific hygiene promotion interventions, and, for interventions which were found to be effective by the clinical trials, costs that are consistent with the hypothesis that these interventions are costeffective
Veissière, Delphine. "Les stratégies de partenariat technologique entre les petites et les grandes entreprises : le cas de la biotechnologie appliquée à la santé et à l'habillement en France et en Italie." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090035.
Gout, Marine. "Technicisation du raisonnement médical : une approche communicationnelle des pratiques délibératives et interprétatives en cancérologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30301/document.
This thesis belongs to the field of rationalization studies in healthcare organizations. Its focus is on medical practices observed in multi-disciplinary meetings in the oncology ward of a hospital in South West France. We hypothesize that tension exists between the prudential and conjectural dimension of medical activity and the rationalization dynamics present across the organization. Technologies exist that structure medical knowledge and practices. They equip deliberative and interpretative medical practices. By studying these technologies, we can analyze a specific tension that exists in the depths of the observed conjectural practices. The thesis shows the different conceptions of uncertainty that are formalized in the technological dispositifs equiping medical knowledge and practice. It highlights those areas where objective and epistemic positions differ, and which therefore require articulation inside communicational, deliberative and interpretative processes
Duong-Eclancher, Tu-Anh. "Intégration par les usages d’une innovation en santé : La télédermatologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC096.
Designing product or services for healthcare system is highly complex, costly and risky. It combines constraints such as being a multi decisional and multilevel system with specific financial model linked to the state the healthcare system organization belongs to. In the highly marketing-time sensitive context of innovative products or services, there is challenge for designers to be able to match the new design to the users’ needs, answering to their context or usages while integrating all system stakeholder components. Telemedicine (TM) is the use of ITtechnologies to provide medical care or medical advice. It is considered a care delivery transformation combining medical, technological and organizational innovation. Using the example of Teledermatology a dermatological application of TM, this PhD develops a methodology based upon users contexts and usages to design integrate and provide an assessment model to decision makers. The opportunity to implement and integrate the service in French department of dermatology is discussed
Hebiz, Chams Eddoha. "Capacité d'absorption des connaissances et apprentissage organisationnel : "application à cinq entreprises du secteur de biotechnologies de santé"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB001.
This thesis aims at understanding which mechanisms of external knowledge absorption of organizations that is likely to contribute to the development of internal innovations. And concerning the thesis problem, the objective is to consider deeply three main questions :Q1: How do the organizations absorb external knowledge ?Q2: What are the organizational conditions that affect the absorptive capacity of knowledge by companies?Q3: What is the relation that exists between "the exploitation capacity" of external knowledge and "the ability to innovate"?In order to answer these three main questions, a literature synthesis has been conducted. This synthesis implements in particular the emphasis on the work having as problematic the relationship that may exist among the three major points discussed in the thesis namely "The organizational learning", "absorptive capacity" and "the ability to innovate".As a conclusion of this literature review, seven proposals were made. They are focused on two points. The first point targets the question of the influence of "specific organizational factors" on the absorptive capacity. The second is about the relation between "the exploitation capacity" of external knowledge and "the ability to innovate".Following the literature approach, an empirical research has been carried out relying on the methods suggested by Eisenhardt (1989-2007), Yin (2003), Miles and Huberman (2003). This empirical research is structured in two stages. An exploratory case study conducted in an exemplary company in the sector of biotechnology health has allowed us first to analyze the specifics of its "absorption process of knowledge" and the organizational conditions that influence it. Afterward, a cross-sectional study of four companies in the same industry then allowed us to check out how the results of the exploratory analysis can be generalized. It is useful to clarify that the type of innovations considered in this thesis is technological innovation.The results demonstrate several important aspects, which characterize the process of knowledge absorption implemented within companies. On the one hand, they confirm the multidimensional, cumulative and interactive nature of this process. On the other hand, they clarify evidently the uncertain, iterative and nonlinear nature of absorption process. The results reveal that a proper union between the different dimensions of organizational conditions of knowledge absorption which influences positively the four dimensions of the of the absorption process.These results have led us to conclude that the exploitation capacity of knowledge and organizational conditions of their absorption contribute to improving the innovation capacity of companies in the biotechnology health’s sector. Finally, the results obtained allow to develop a conceptual framework of the knowledge absorption and to identify ways of reflections to improve the understanding of the absorption capacity of knowledge
Toofanee, Mohammud Shaad Ally. "An innovative ecosystem based on deep learning : Contributions for the prevention and prediction of diabetes complications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/656b0a1f-2ff2-49c5-bb3e-f34704d6f6b0/blobholder:0/2023LIMO0107.pdf.
In the year 2021, estimations indicated that approximately 537 million individuals were affected by diabetes, a number anticipated to escalate to 643 million by the year 2030 and further to 783 million by 2045. Diabetes, characterized as a persistent metabolic ailment, necessitates unceasing daily care and management. In the context of Mauritius, as per the most recent report by the International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of diabetes, specifically Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), stood at 22.6% of the population in 2021, with projections indicating a surge to 26.6% by the year 2045. Amidst this alarming trend, a concurrent advancement has been observed in the realm of technology, with artificial intelligence techniques showcasing promising capabilities in the spheres of medicine and healthcare. This doctoral dissertation embarks on the exploration of the intersection between artificial intelligence and diabetes education, prevention, and management.We initially focused on exploring the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), more specifically, deep learning, to address a critical complication linked to diabetes – Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). The emergence of DFU poses the grave risk of lower limb amputations, consequently leading to severe socio-economic repercussions. In response, we put forth an innovative solution named DFU-HELPER. This tool serves as a preliminary measure for validating the treatment protocols administered by healthcare professionals to individual patients afflicted by DFU. The initial assessment of the proposed tool has exhibited promising performance characteristics, although further refinement and rigorous testing are imperative. Collaborative efforts with public health experts will be pivotal in evaluating the practical efficacy of the tool in real-world scenarios. This approach seeks to bridge the gap between AI technologies and clinical interventions, with the ultimate goal of improving the management of patients with DFU.Our research also addressed the critical aspects of privacy and confidentiality inherent in handling health-related data. Acknowledging the extreme importance of safeguarding sensitive information, we delved into the realm of Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning. This investigation specifically found application in our proposal for the DFU-Helper tool discussed earlier. By exploring this advanced approach, we aimed to ensure that the implementation of our technology aligns with privacy standards, thereby fostering a trustworthy and secure environment for healthcare data management.Finally, our research extended to the development of an intelligent conversational agent designed to offer round-the-clock support for individuals seeking information about diabetes. In pursuit of this goal, the creation of an appropriate dataset was paramount. In this context, we leveraged Natural Language Processing techniques to curate data from online media sources focusing on diabetes-related content
Le, Gac Hélen. "L'encadrement juridique communautaire des sciences et technologies du vivant dans le secteur agro-alimentaire." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010283.
Thebaut, Clémence. "Ethique et évaluation économique des interventions de santé en vue d'une définition du périmètre de soins remboursables." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780340.