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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Srinophakun, Penjit, Anusith Thanapimmetha, Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun, Pramuk Parakulsuksatid, Chularat Sakdaronnarong, Monsikan Vilaipan, and Maythee Saisriyoot. "Techno-Economic Analysis for Bioethanol Plant with Multi Lignocellulosic Feedstocks." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 3 (May 30, 2020): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.3.319-328.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch and trunk are classified as primary lignocellulosic residues from the palm oil industry. They are considered to be promising feedstocks for bioconversion into value-added products such as bioethanol. However,using these lignocellulosic materials to produce bioethanol remains a significant challenge for small and medium enterprises. Hence, techno-economic and sensitivity analyses of bioethanol plant simultaneously treating these materials were performed in this study. The information based on preliminary experimental data in batch operations wasemployed to develop a simulation of an industrial-scale semi-continuous production process. Calculations of mass balance, equipment sizes, and production cost estimation of the production plant of various capacities ranging from 10,000 L/day to 35,000 L/day were summarized. The result based on 20 years of operation indicated that the net present value of theplant of lower capacities was negative. However,thisvalue became positive when the plant operated with a higher capacity, 35,000 L/day.The highest ethanol yield, 294.84 LEtOH/tonfeedstock, was produced when the planttreated only an empty fruit bunch generating 8.94% internal rate of return and US$0.54 production cost per unit.Moreover, the higher oil palm trunk ratio in the feedstock, the lower ethanol yield contributing to the higher production cost per unit.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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2

Chhim, Chhunn, Nipon Ketjoy, and Tawat Suriwong. "Techno-Economic Analysis of PV Battery Charging Station in Kampot, Cambodia." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 2, no. 4 (2014): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2014.v2.156.

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3

Liao, Qiangqiang, Peng Zhou, Youlang Zhang, and Jie Zhang. "A Techno-economic Analysis on Spinning Reserve Services of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Thermal." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 6, no. 3 (May 2018): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2018.6.3.466.

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4

Ariel Cardona A., Carlos, Daissy Lorena Restrepo S., Ashley Sthefanía Caballero G., and Christian David Botero G. "Energetic, Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Biorefinery from Sugarcane Bagasse at Different Scales." International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 2 (August 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.16.02.005.

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5

Abduh, M. Y., R. Manurung, and H. J. Heeres. "Techno-Economic Analysis for Small Scale Production of Rubber Seed Oil and Biodiesel in Palangkaraya, Indonesia." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, no. 4 (July 2017): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.4.381.

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6

Majeed, Asso R., Dlzar Al Kez, and Parikhan M. Ali. "A Techno Economic Analysis of 2MW On-Grid Solar Power Plant for Tourist City Chavy – Land." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 21, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10761.

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7

Riaz, Mohammad Mushir, and Badrul Hasan Khan. "Techno-Economic Analysis and Planning for the Development of Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm in India." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34029.

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Despite India's great potential for offshore wind energy development, no offshore wind farm exists in the country. This study aims to plan a large scale offshore wind farm in the south coastal region of India. Seven potential sites were selected for the wind resource assessment study to choose the most suitable site for offshore wind farm development. An optimally matched wind turbine was also selected for each site using the respective power curves and wind speed characteristics. Weibull shape and scale parameters were estimated using WAsP, openwind, maximum likelihood (MLH), and least square regression (LSR) algorithms. The maximum energy-carrying wind speed and the most frequent wind speed were determined using these algorithmic methods. The correlation coefficient (R2) indicated the efficiency of these methods and showed that all four methods represented wind data at all sites accurately; however, openwind was slightly better than MLH, followed by LSR and WAsP methods. The coastal site, Zone-B with RE power 6.2 M152 wind turbine, was found to be the most suitable site for developing an offshore wind farm. Furthermore, the financial analysis that included preventive maintenance cost and carbon emission analysis was also done. Results show that it is feasible to develop a 430 MW wind farm in the region, zone B, by installing seventy RE power 6.2 M152 offshore wind turbines. The proposed wind farm would provide a unit price of Rs. 6.84 per kWh with a payback period of 5.9 years and, therefore, would be substantially profitable.

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8

Sodha, M. S., Ram Chandra, Kamna Pathak, N. P. Singh, and N. K. Bansal. "Techno-economic analysis of typical dryers." Energy Conversion and Management 31, no. 6 (January 1991): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(91)90085-w.

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9

Benli, Hüseyin. "Techno-economic analysis of solar greenhouses." International Journal of Vegetable Science 26, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2019.1664698.

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10

Smith, Robin. "Special Topic Issue—Techno-Economic Analysis." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 78, no. 2 (March 2000): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387600527095.

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11

Smith, Robin. "Special Topic Issue—Techno-Economic Analysis." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 80, no. 6 (September 2002): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387602760312755.

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12

Ragadhita, Risti, and Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto. "Computational Bibliometric Analysis on Publication of Techno-Economic Education." Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research 2, no. 1 (September 4, 2021): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijomr.v2i1.43180.

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Анотація:

Techno-economics involves the systematic evaluation of economic aspects to provide solutions to technical problems encountered. The study of techno-economic analysis can provide a basis for decision-making related to economic factors. This study was to analyze the scope of research on techno-economic education using bibliometric evaluation and data mapping approach (i.e., VOSviewer software). Material research data was gathered from application reference manager databases. The study material titles, keywords, and abstracts are used to guide the search process. In the period 2017-2022, the analysis was conducted using the number of publications collected, which totaled 288 related papers. Based on the number of publications related to techno-economic educations, the total publications from 2017-2022 are unstable. However, in 2021 publications related to techno-economic education have increased. This study highlights the value of bibliometric analysis in providing information on how phenomena occur. This study is meant to assist and serve as a reference for researchers undertaking and deciding on research topics.

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13

Nießing, Bastian, Raphael Kiesel, Laura Herbst, and Robert H. Schmitt. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Automated iPSC Production." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020240.

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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) open up the unique perspective of manufacturing cell products for drug development and regenerative medicine in tissue-, disease- and patient-specific forms. iPSC can be multiplied almost without restriction and differentiated into cell types of all organs. The basis for clinical use of iPSC is a high number of cells (approximately 7 × 107 cells per treatment), which must be produced cost-effectively while maintaining reproducible and high quality. Compared to manual cell production, the automation of cell production offers a unique chance of reliable reproducibility of cells in addition to cost reduction and increased throughput. StemCellFactory is a prototype for a fully automated production of iPSC. However, in addition to the already tested functionality of the system, it must be shown that this automation brings necessary economic advantages. This paper presents that fully automated stem cell production offers economic advantages in addition to increased throughput and better quality. First, biological and technological basics for a fully automated production of iPSC are presented. Second, the basics for profitability calculation are presented. Third, profitability of both manual and automated production are calculated. Finally, different scenarios effecting the profitability of manual and automated production are compared.

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14

Suleiman, Rashid, and Kurt Rosentrater. "Techno-economic Analysis (TEA) of Extruded Aquafeeds." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 5 (July 11, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n5p57.

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The worldwide decline and overexploitation of ocean fisheries stocks had provided an incentive for the rapid growth of aquaculture. The aquaculture industry has been recognized as the fastest-growing food production system globally, with a 10% increase in production per year and is one of the most reliable and sustainable growth markets for manufactured feeds. Extrusion technology has been extensively used in the modern aquatic feed manufacturing, due to nutritional, physical properties improvements and cost effectiveness of feeds. Cost related to aquatic feed remains the biggest challenge, especially for small-scale producers. In order to understand costs and potential breakeven points, a single screw extruder and three different production scenarios (0.2, 2 and 20 t/day) throughput were used to develop techno-economic models for small-scale producers of extruded aquatic feeds. The results show annualized capital costs decreased as production capacity increased. Thus, aquatic feed producers could use this tool to evaluate annual costs and benefits to determine processing economics. Producers will have to consider the ingredients used, though, as raw ingredients constitute the greatest cost for the production of feeds.

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15

PRAKASH, OM, DILIP JAIN, SOMA SRIVASTAV, and PRABHAT KISHORE. "Techno-Economic analysis of CAZRI Solar Dryer." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 4 (May 18, 2022): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i4.123976.

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Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the major horticultural produce and an important source of income as well as livelihood in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh and North-eastern part of India. However, it is also full of nutritional and functional health benefits. Despite all the advantages associated with the fruit, shorter shelf life is major hindrance in attaining its potential economic benefit to the farmers. Apricot drying is most common in these regions t raditionally done by the farmers. Solar dryer developed by ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) at its regional station, Leh is helping in extending shelf life of apricot and its availability throughout the year. This study was carried out during 2017–19 aimed to estimate the techno-economic benefit on adoption of the dryer by individual farmer or processor. It is found that adopter need to make investment of `1.10 lakh in fixed capital and requires `1.22 lakh annually to process one metric tonnes of the fruit. The annual cost of production was determined as `133,000 with depreciation of `11,000 for project of 1 metric tonne fresh fruit. Estimates indicate that adopter could generate net income of `78,000 annually. Profitability analysis yielded net profit ratio, pay-back period, benefit-cost ratio and break-even point of 37%, 1.23 years, 1.52, and 123.50 kg, respectively.

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16

Geffroy, Charles, Drew Lilley, Pedro Sanchez Parez, and Ravi Prasher. "Techno-economic analysis of waste-heat conversion." Joule 5, no. 12 (December 2021): 3080–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.10.014.

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17

Anand, B., and S. Murugavelh. "Techno-economic analysis of solar trigeneration system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 312 (October 2, 2019): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/312/1/012030.

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18

Kumar, K. R., and Victor Kueh. "Techno-economic analysis of international mobile roaming." IEEE Wireless Communications 15, no. 3 (June 2008): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2008.4547526.

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19

Ciric, Rade M., and Zoran Kuzmanovic. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Biogas Powered Cogeneration." Journal of Automation and Control Engineering 2, no. 1 (2014): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/joace.2.1.89-93.

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20

D’Angelo, Sebastiano C., Agostino Dall’Ara, Cecilia Mondelli, Javier Pérez-Ramírez, and Stavros Papadokonstantakis. "Techno-Economic Analysis of a Glycerol Biorefinery." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 12 (October 26, 2018): 16563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03770.

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21

Smith, Robin. "Special Topic Issue—on Techno-Economic Analysis." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 76, no. 3 (March 1998): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387698524758.

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22

Goswami, D. Y., S. K. Sharma, G. D. Mathur, and C. K. Jotshi. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Detoxification Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2887887.

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Solar detoxification technology has shown great promise for treatment of toxic compounds in the ground water and wastewater. However, detailed analysis of the impact of techno-economic parameters on the treatment cost for the detoxification process is lacking in the literature. In this paper, the impact of different process parameters on the treatment cost has been presented and various strategies for reducing the cost of treatment have been discussed. For the processes with the reaction rate constants less than 0.1 min−1, the system economics is very sensitive to the reaction rate constant and the unit reactor cost. However, for the reaction rate constant over 0.1 min−1 the general treatment costs can be reduced mainly by reducing the unit catalyst costs.

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23

Maffia, Gennaro J., Anne M. Gaffney, and Olivia M. Mason. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Oxidative Dehydrogenation Options." Topics in Catalysis 59, no. 17-18 (August 16, 2016): 1573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0677-9.

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24

Karunakaran, K. P., Vishal Pushpa, Sreenath Babu Akula, and S. Suryakumar. "Techno-economic analysis of hybrid layered manufacturing." International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 4, no. 1/2 (2008): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijista.2008.016364.

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25

Peters, I. M., S. Sofia, J. Mailoa, and T. Buonassisi. "Techno-economic analysis of tandem photovoltaic systems." RSC Advances 6, no. 71 (2016): 66911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07553c.

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26

Sinha, S., G. N. Tiwari, and M. S. Sodha. "Techno-economic analysis of solar distillation systems." International Journal of Energy Research 16, no. 5 (July 1992): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440160503.

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27

Nikhitha, P., and K. B. S. Saibabu. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Hydrazine Hydrate Technologies." Chemical Engineering & Technology 33, no. 9 (August 16, 2010): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201000019.

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28

Hein, Andreas M., Robert Matheson, and Dan Fries. "A techno-economic analysis of asteroid mining." Acta Astronautica 168 (March 2020): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.05.009.

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29

Rahman, Md Mustafizur, Md Abdullah Hil Baky, and A. K. M. Sadrul Islam. "Electricity from Wind for Off-Grid Applications in Bangladesh: A Techno-Economic Assessment." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.55-64.

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Анотація:

Global GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions are increasing substantially and electricity sector is one of the key contributors to the world’s total GHG emissions. GHG emissions cause ozone layer depletion and global warming. Different policy regulation agencies are adopting regulations to reduce GHG emissions in various sectors. People already have started power generation from cleaner sources. Renewable energy sources can provide cleaner electricity. Bangladesh is a densely populated country and most of the country’s electricity is produced from natural gas and coal. The Bangladesh government has set a goal to utilize renewable energy for the production of 10% of its electricity by the year 2020. Bangladesh has a lot of isolated coastal areas which are not connected to the national grid which can be electrified by using abundant wind energy. In this study a techno-economic analysis has been conducted for an off-grid island of Bangladesh. The analysis was conducted by developing a data intensive model that calculates the generation cost of electricity from wind energy. The model also estimates the capital cost of the system. The model shows that electricity can be produced from wind energy at a cost of $0.57/kWh. The system’s capital cost was calculated to be $63,550.16.Article History: Received October 15th 2016; Received in revised form January 26th 2017; Accepted February 4th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Rahman, M.M., Baky, M.A.H, and Islam, A.K.M.S. (2017) Electricity from Wind for Off-Grid Applications in Bangladesh: A Techno-Economic Assessment. International Journal of Renewable Energy Develeopment, 6(1), 55-64.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.55-64

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30

Christwardana, Marcelinus, and Linda Aliffia Yoshi. "Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis of Scaling-up A Single-Chamber Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell as Dissolved Oxygen Biosensor." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2020.29980.

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The Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are electrochemical devices that can be utilized as biosensors, specifically Dissolved Oxygen (DO) biosensors. In this research, performance and techno-economic of MFC-based DO biosensors with two sizes, small and large, were evaluated and analysed to determine whether it is more economical to use a small or large reactor. MFC-based DO biosensors were also applied to an irrigation canal. When MFC immersed into distilled water with several variations of DO, the correlation between DO and current density produced equation with R2 values around 0.9989 and 0.9979 for SYMFC and LYMFC, respectively. The power density for SYMFC and LYMFC was 3.48 and 10.89 mW/m2, respectively, in DO 6. Higher power densities are correlated with the electrode surface area, especially the larger cathodic surface area. When applied to the irrigation canal, DO values measured using SYMFC and LYMFC have errors of around 3.39 and 4.42%, respectively, when compared to DO values measured using DO meters. LYMFC requires a capital cost of around $ 234.22 or 2.57 times higher than SYMFC, although it generates almost similar cost per mW/m2, $ 21.51 and $ 26.23 for LYMFC and SYMFC, respectively. The results concluded that yeast MFC -based DO biosensors with smaller sizes can achieve more economical compared to larger sizes.

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31

Vannoni, Alberto, Alessandro Sorce, Alberto Traverso, and Aristide Fausto Massardo. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123803003.

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The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.

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32

Brandt, Kristin, Alex Wilson, Donald Bender, James D. Dolan, and Michael P. Wolcott. "Techno-economic analysis for manufacturing cross-laminated timber." BioResources 14, no. 4 (August 9, 2019): 7790–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.7790-7804.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a bio-based building material that enables rapid construction and buildings with low embodied energy. Despite its comparative maturity in European markets, relatively little information regarding process design and economics for the manufacture of cross-laminated timber is available in the literature. Two techno-economic analyses were conducted to quantify the mill-gate cost of cross-laminated timber. The cross-laminated timber manufacturing process was described, and costs were analyzed for two facility scales. Cross-laminated timber produced at the large-scale facility using lumber priced at an average value for the northwest United States has a minimum selling price of $536/m3. Sensitivity analyses were used to define the impact of plant size, asset utilization, lumber price, plant capital cost, material waste, and other variables on minimum selling price. The cost of cross laminated timber rises quickly when a facility is not fully utilized. The second-ranking cost controlling variable is lumber price, while energy prices have minimal influence. The price of cross laminated timber can be optimized by locating a facility near low-cost lumber. The lowest-price region analyzed was the southeast United States using Southern Pine, which reduced the cost of cross laminated timber to $518/m3.

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33

Mohamed, A. S. A., and Hussein M. Maghrabie. "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of Benban solar Park." Alexandria Engineering Journal 61, no. 12 (December 2022): 12593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.06.034.

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34

Satoshi, OHARA, and KIKUCHI Yasunori. "Recent Status and Issues on Techno-economic Analysis." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 15, no. 4 (2019): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.15.325.

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35

Simchick, Chloe, Brooke Zidek, Devin Moder, Dustin Madson, Michael Payne, Jonathon Kelsey, Faisal Shaikh, and Serdar Ozturk. "Techno Economic Analysis of the Modified MixAlco Process." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060958.

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Анотація:

The MixAlco process is a patented biomass conversion technology used to produce valuable chemicals. The basis of this design relies on the use of fermentation, where acidophiles utilize their own enzymatic pathways to convert a variety of biomass, such as organic wastes, into carboxylic acid salts. Unlike previous MixAlco designs in which carboxylate salts are processed further into hydrocarbon fuels, this proposed design simulates the optimization and commercialization of mixed carboxylic acid salts as the final product. Sensitivity analyses identified four critical input factors of the base case process—biomass feed rate, selling price, distribution cost, and biomass composition. Increasing the biomass feed rate or population size has the most pronounced effect on process economics. Overall, the sensitivity analyses of all four critical input factors support that the new design is flexible in its ability to support populations of varying sizes, as well as different biomass feed rates and compositions.

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36

Suherman, I., A. Wahyudi, H. E. Mamby, and D. A. Darmawan. "Expanded perlite commercialization techno-economic analysis in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 882, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012085.

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Abstract Utilizing a perlite processing plant in Lampung is one of the public services of the Research and Development Center for Mineral and Coal Technology (TEKMIRA). The plant has been fully revitalized and is ready to be developed for commercialization through joint operations. The domestic market for perlite is not as advanced as the world market. These are both opportunities and challenges for the expanded perlite business. Techno-economic analysis can provide an overview of expanded perlite processing and cash flow forecasts during the implementation period of the commercialization project. Based on the financial feasibility indicators, the scenario of the expanded perlite project is feasible to be commercialized. In the proportional scenario, TEKMIRA and business partners will get 70% versus 30%. The alternative scenario of profit-sharing structure is 50% versus 50%. Nevertheless, TEKMIRA still benefits from fixed compensation. These results are expected to attract investors to partner in the commercial business of expanded perlite processing.

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Hartfiel, Lindsey M., Michelle L. Soupir, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Constant-Flow Woodchip Bioreactors." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 5 (2021): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14300.

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HighlightsTechno-economic analysis was performed for multiple scales of bioreactors operated under a variety of conditions.The unit cost decreased as the bioreactor size increased.The unit cost increased in bioreactors with longer HRTs and bypass flow due to reduced treatment capacity.One large bioreactor was more cost-effective than multiple smaller bioreactors.Abstract. Woodchip denitrification bioreactors are a relatively new, edge-of-field technology used to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from subsurface tile drainage. The removal rate of nitrate is influenced by many factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The objective of this study was to conduct a techno-economic analysis (TEA) for four scales of woodchip denitrification bioreactors operating at three HRTs (2, 8, and 16 h), designed with bypass flow or with a low probability of bypass flow, to determine the cost to remove 1 kg of NO3-N at each bioreactor scale and at each HRT. Several assumptions were made: the flow rate required to achieve a 2 h HRT on a per m3 basis could be achieved at all scales, the same mass removal of NO3-N was achieved on a per cubic meter basis, and the 2 h HRT did not have any bypass flow at each scale. With these assumptions, the lowest unit cost was observed for the large-scale bioreactor sized to have a low probability of bypass flow at 16 h HRT, with a resulting cost of $0.74 kg-1 NO3-N removed. The highest unit cost was observed for the pilot-scale bioreactor designed with bypass flow to achieve a 16 h HRT at a cost of $60.13 kg-1 NO3-N removed. At longer HRTs with bypass flow, a greater percent removal of nitrate has been observed with a lower mass removal rate. By having a low probability of bypass flow in the design, a higher mass removal and percent removal of nitrate were observed, leading to the above results. Contrasting this trend, the total and annual costs were highest for the large-scale bioreactor and lowest for the pilot-scale bioreactor. However, it was determined that 783%, 280%, and 54% increases in total cost for the pilot-, small-, and medium-scale bioreactors would be incurred to implement the number of bioreactors (66, 24, and 4, respectively) required to treat the same volume of flow as one large bioreactor. These results can be used to inform future design decisions and inform stakeholders of the approximate unit cost of installing a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor over a range of expected field conditions. While a larger bioreactor with a low probability of bypass flow may represent a more cost-effective investment, the potential for unintended, negative byproducts needs to be considered in the design. Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrate, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.

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38

Malek, Adam E., Benjamin M. Adams, Edoardo Rossi, Hans O. Schiegg, and Martin O. Saar. "Techno-economic analysis of Advanced Geothermal Systems (AGS)." Renewable Energy 186 (March 2022): 927–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.012.

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39

Price, Shawn, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Mathieu Pernice, and Peter Ralph. "Techno-economic analysis of cyanobacterial PHB bioplastic production." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10, no. 3 (June 2022): 107502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107502.

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40

Cazacu, Nicolae, Aurelia Bradu, and Nicolae Florea. "Self Compacting Concrete Structures: A Techno-Economic Analysis." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.624.

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The concept of self-compacting concrete (SCC) was performed in late 1980 by Japanese researchers as a solution for the lack of skilled workers and decreasing quality in building industry. The high fluidity of SCC allows flowing under its own weight, filling completely the formwork without any vibration or material segregation, providing a higher quality of the concrete surface. Since its discovery, a large number of researcher studied its rheological properties, adjusted mix design methods and analysed mechanical characteristics. The placement method for conventionally concrete is no more valid for SCC, as mixture behaviour changed substantially. This aspect was less examined and the published material is inconsistent, even though it plays an essential role in the assessment of the global cost of a building. The aim of this study is to investigate materials cost, the labour requirements, formwork demands, methods of placement and construction time for building a structure using SCC and vibrated concrete and compare the results.

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41

Wang, Yan, Liang Li, Yun Fei Zhang, Mao Xing Xu, and Qing Sun. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1194.

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This paper studies on the technical and economic analysis of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) substation framework. Firstly, based on the comparison of the material performance and price, we select the suitable fiber and resin as the main building material for substation framework. Then on the basis of numerical simulation, the bearing capacity of FRP substation truss-column under axial compression and bending is researched, and the initial geometric imperfection is considered in the models. Finally, the behavior of the typical two-span FRP gantry of substation is analyzed, and the economy of FRP substation framework is compared with the steel gantry which owns the same capability.

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42

Barberis, Stefano, Andrea Giugno, Giacomo Sorzana, Miguel F. P. Lopes, and Alberto Traverso. "Techno-economic analysis of multipurpose OTEC power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911303021.

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a promising technology to provide sustainable and dispatchable energy supply to oceanic coastal areas and islands. It exploits the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water in an Organic RankineCycle (ORC), guaranteeing a continuous and dispatchable electric production, overcoming one ofthe most critical issue of renewable generators such as PV or wind turbines. Despite the technological maturity of ORC application to OTEC systems, it still presents technical and economicbarriers mainly related to their economic feasibility, large initial investments as well as heavy and time demanding civil installation works. To overcome such issues, multipurpose OTEC plants are proposed, producing electrical power as well as other products, such as useful thermal power (e.g. ambient cooling) and desalinated water. Since OTEC engineering is still at a lowdegree of maturity, there are no widespread and established tools to facilitate OTEC feasibility studies and to allow performance and cost optimization. Therefore, in this paper, a new tool for techno-economic analysis and optimization of multipurpose OTEC plants is presented. Starting from a detailed database of local water temperature and depth, the approach allows to provide a quantitative insight on the achievable performance, required investment, and expected economic returns, allowing for a preliminary but robust assessment of site potential as well as plant size. After the description of the techno-economic approach and related performance and cost functions, the tool is applied to an OTEC power plant case study in the range of 1 MW gross electrical power, including a preliminary assessment of scaling-up effects.

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43

Shohet, Igal M., and M. Puterman. "Flat roofing systems: towards integrated techno-economic analysis." Building Research & Information 32, no. 2 (March 2004): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0961321032000172391.

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44

Vochozka, Marek, Anna Maroušková, Jarmila Straková, and Jan Váchal. "Techno-economic analysis of waste paper energy utilization." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 38, no. 23 (October 24, 2016): 3459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2016.1159262.

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45

Johnstone, C. M., D. Pratt, J. A. Clarke, and A. D. Grant. "A techno-economic analysis of tidal energy technology." Renewable Energy 49 (January 2013): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.054.

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46

Darras, C., G. Bastien, M. Muselli, P. Poggi, B. Champel, and P. Serre-Combe. "Techno-economic analysis of PV/H 2 systems." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, no. 30 (August 2015): 9049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.112.

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47

Masebinu, S. O., E. T. Akinlabi, E. Muzenda, and A. O. Aboyade. "Techno-economic analysis of grid-tied energy storage." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1414-z.

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48

Lamers, Patrick, Mohammad S. Roni, Jaya S. Tumuluru, Jacob J. Jacobson, Kara G. Cafferty, Jason K. Hansen, Kevin Kenney, Farzaneh Teymouri, and Bryan Bals. "Techno-economic analysis of decentralized biomass processing depots." Bioresource Technology 194 (October 2015): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.009.

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49

Kumar, Sanjay, G. N. Tiwari, and S. Sinha. "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar thermal systems." Energy Conversion and Management 34, no. 12 (December 1993): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(93)90123-r.

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50

Dufo-López, Rodolfo, and José L. Bernal-Agustín. "Techno-economic analysis of grid-connected battery storage." Energy Conversion and Management 91 (February 2015): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.038.

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