Дисертації з теми "Technique de mesure hybride"
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Reche, Jérôme. "Nouvelle méthodologie hybride pour la mesure de rugosités sub-nanométriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT050.
Roughness at Sub-nanometric scale determination becomes a critical issue, especially for patterns with critical dimensions below 10nm. Currently, there is no metrology technique able to provide a result with high precision and accuracy. A way, based on hybrid metrology, is currently explored and dedicated to dimensional measurements. This hybrid metrology uses data fusion algorithms in order to address data coming from different tools. This thesis presents some improvements on line roughness analysis thanks to frequency decomposition and associated model. The current techniques used for roughness determination are explained and a new one SAXS (Small Angle X-rays Scattering) is used to push again limits of extraction of roughness. This technique has a high potential to determine sub nanometrics patterns. Moreover, the design and manufacturing of reference line roughness samples is made, following the state of art with periodic roughness, but also more complex roughness determined by a statistical model usually used for measurement. Finally, this work focus on hybridization methods and more especially on neural network utilization. Thus, the establishment of a neural network is detailed through the multitude of parameters which must be set. In addition, training of the neural network on simulation leads to the capability to generate different metrology
Griesbach, schuch Nivea. "Métrologie Hybride pour le contrôle dimensionnel en lithographie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT063/document.
The industry of semiconductors continues to evolve at a fast pace, proposing a new technology node around every two years. Each new technology node presents reduced feature sizes and stricter dimension control. As the features of devices continue to shrink, allowed tolerances for metrology errors must shrink as well, pushing the evolution of the metrology tools.No individual metrology technique alone can answer the tight requirements of the industry today, not to mention in the next technology generations. Besides the limitations of the metrology methods, other constraints such as the amount of metrology data available for higher order analysis and the time required for generating such data are also relevant and impact the usage of metrology in production. For the production of advanced technology nodes, neither speed nor precision may be sacrificed, which calls for cleverer metrology approaches, such as the Hybrid Metrology.Hybrid Metrology consists of employing different metrology strategies together in order to combine their strengths while mitigating their weaknesses. This hybrid approach goal is to improve the measurements in such a way that the final data presents better characteristics that each method separately. One of the techniques than can be used to combine the data coming from different metrology techniques is called Data Fusion. There are a large number of developed methods of Data Fusion, using different mathematical tools, to address the data fusion process.The first goal of this thesis project was to start developing the topics of Data Fusion and Hybrid Metrology within the two laboratories whose cooperation made this work possible: LTM (Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique) and LETI (Laboratoire d'électronique et de technologie de l'information). This thesis presents the concepts of Data Fusion in the context of Hybrid Metrology applied to dimensional measuring for the semiconductors industry. This concept can be extensively used in many other fields of applications.In this work the basics of state-of-the-art metrology techniques is presented and discussed. The focus is the CD-SEM, for its fast and almost-non-destructive metrology; the AFM, for its accurate profile view of patterns and non-destructive characteristic; the Scatterometry, for its precision, global and fast measurements; and the FIB-STEM, as a reference on accuracy for any type of profile, although destructive. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods were discussed in order to introduce the need of Hybrid Metrology and to identify the role that each of those methods can play in this context.Several experiments were performed during this thesis work in order to provide further knowledge about the characteristics and limitations of each metrology method and to be used as either inputs or reference on the different Hybrid Metrology scenarios proposed.The selected method for fuse the data coming from different metrology methods was the Bayesian approach. This technique was evaluated in different experimental contexts, both for Height and CD metrology combining different metrology methods. Results were evaluated for both the debiasing step alone and for the complete fusion flow. In both cases, it was clear the advantages of using a Hybrid Metrology approach for improving the measurement precision and accuracy.The presented Hybrid Metrology technique may be used by the semiconductor industry in different steps of the fabrication process. This technique can also provide information for machine calibration, such as a CD-SEM tool being calibrated based on Hybrid Metrology results generated using the CD-SEM itself together with Scatterometry data
Granjal, Cruz Gonçalo Jorge. "Development and validation of a bayesian measurement technique for data-driven measurement reduction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0012.
This work presents a complete hybrid testing methodology for assessing the flow in turbomachinery components. Focused on minimizing testing times and instrumentation requirements, the methodology strategically integrates standard experimental measurements with numerical simulations, specifically employing Multi-Fidelity Gaussian Processes, Sparse Variational Gaussian Processes, and adaptive Bayesian optimization.The methodology systematically reduces both instrumentation efforts and testing times, providing uncertainty metrics comparable to traditional methodologies. Applied initially to a benchmarked axial high-pressure compressor (H25) and afterwards to an ultra-high bypass ratio fan (ECL5 UHBR) in blind test conditions, the methodology demonstrates robustness, adaptability, and significant reductions in measurement points and testing times leading to a direct impact in experimental campaign costs.For the H25 axial compressor, the proposed framework proves capable of predicting flow fields, emphasizing the trade-off between high-fidelity measurements and mean flow prediction accuracy. The ECL5 UHBR fan blind test results validate the methodology's efficiency in aerodynamic assessments and demonstrates time savings of at least one hour per operating condition.The a priori Design of Experiments achieves at least a 50% reduction in measurements, outperforming random sampling, and effectively assists in experimental campaign planning. The In situ adaptive sampling outperforms random sampling by up to 44%, showcasing accurate detection of flow phenomena and promising applications in achieving high accuracy experimental demands. The modular and adaptable nature of the methodology positions it for broad application in both academic and industrial settings, while its exploitation opens paths to infer unmeasured flow quantities or improve performance evaluation measurements.This work introduces a paradigm shift in experimental campaign planning, optimizing measurement budgets strategically beforehand or enhancing accuracy dynamically during a campaign, emphasizing the potential of machine learning-driven trends in shaping new research paths
Lestrade, Jean-Yves. "Modélisation de la régression des combustibles liquéfiables dans un moteur hybride." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0039/document.
The preliminary design of a hybrid rocket engine requires lab-scale tests to characterize the regression law of the oxidizer/fuel pair intended to fulfil the mission needs in terms of performances, etc. To limit these costly and potentialy delaying experimental campaigns, it is necessary to develop reliable numerical tools to quickly predict the regression law of the oxidiser/fuel pair under different operating conditions and with different combustion chamber geometries. The objective of the thesis is to develop a one-dimensional model of the regression mechanism of liquefying fuels. These particular fuels offer regression rates three to five times higher than those found with classic polymers used in hybrid propulsion (eg. HTPB). The model is based on the transportof the gaseous flow and the liquid film which is developing along the solid fuel grain. The regression rate depends on mass and energy transfers between these three phases. To validate this approach and the Hydres numerical tool, specifically designed to solve this model and forecast the performances of a hybrid engine, experimental tests were performed with the Hycarre and Hycom facilities. These tests also allowed for the development of a technique to measure the instantaneous regression rate of the solid fuel, providing directly the instantaneous regression law of the oxidizer/fuel pair
Ventura, Quentin. "Technique de visualisation hybride pour les données spatio-temporelles." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1298/1/VENTURA_Quentin.pdf.
Jellid, Jihed. "Suivi du cycle de vie d'un composite CFRP hybride par mesure de résistance électrique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDL0014.
This Thesis investigates the use of the electric resistance measurement technique in hybrid carbon fibre reinforced polymer/shape memory alloy (TiNiCu). The electric conductivity of the unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced epoxy will be treated by studying the effect of some parameters: carbon fibre orientation against current direction, carbon fibre volume fraction, dimensions of the sample… Since the most important factor which controls the properties of the matrix and of the fibre-matrix interface is the cross-linking density resulting from the manufacturing process, carbon fibres are used as sensors for the cure monitoring of the epoxy matrix. The results were compared to classical DMA technique. Another test consists in using the electric resistance variation of the SMA as a sensor for the cure monitoring. In the last part, the research dealt with the possibility to detect damage in the hybrid composite under bending stress by measuring the electric resistance variation and acoustic emission on the stretched side of the sample, and how to slow down the damage propagation by activating the memory alloy, heated by joule effect
Berlan, Jean-Pierre. "Recherches sur l'économie politique d'un changement technique : les mythes du maïs hybride." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24007.
Berlan, Jean-Pierre. "Recherches sur l'économie politique d'un changement technique les mythes du maïs hybride /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376029141.
PAUCHARD, THIERRY ANDRE. "La temperature en medecine : interet clinique, technique et modalites de mesure." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M295.
PERRIGNE, ISABELLE. "Frontiere de production et mesure d'efficacite technique : application aux exploitations cerealieres." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10031.
The purpose of this work is to estimate some parametric models of production frontier so as to obtain measures of technical efficiency. The empirical application concerns french cereal firms. In a first part, we present models of deterministic and stochastic frontiers. These are estimated with cross section data. In a second part, we focus on the generalization of stochastic frontiers to panel data. An approach to a stochastic frontier with an efficiency term that is a linear function of time is proposed within a covariance structure analysis. This model allows to evaluate individual responses to technical pogress and to determine which inputs are correlated with efficiency. We observe a technical progress which is accompained with a decrease in the use of materials and an increasing trend in the efficiency levels between 1982 and 1986
COURTEILLE, CATHERINE. "Etude d'une grande source multipolaire hybride d'ions negatifs d'hydrogene et de deuterium. Developpement des techniques de mesures par photodetachement laser." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2020.
Yu, Lei. "Reconstruction du signal ou de l'état basé sur un espace de mesure de dimension réduite." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0546/document.
This is the era of information-explosion, billions of data are produced, collected and then stored in our daily life. The manners of collecting the data sets are various but always following the criteria { the less data while the more information. Thus the most favorite way is to directly measure the information, which, commonly, resides in a lower dimensional space than its carrier, namely, the data (signals or states). This method is thus called information measuring, and conceptually can be concluded in a framework with the following three steps: (1) modeling, to condense the information relevant to signals to a small subspace; (2) measuring, to preserve the information in lower dimensional measurement space; and (3) restoring, to reconstruct signals from the lower dimensional measurements. From this vein, the main contributions of this thesis, saying observer and model based Bayesian compressive sensing can be well uni_ed in the framework of information measuring: the main concerned problems of both applications can be decomposed into the above three aspects. In the _rst part, the problem is resided in the domain of control systems where the objective of observer design is located in the observability to determine whether the system states are recoverable and observation of the system states from the lower dimensional measurements (commonly but not restrictively). Speci_cally, we considered a class of switched systems with high switching frequency, or even with Zeno phenomenon, where the transitions of the discrete state are too high to be captured. However, the averaged value obtained through filtering the transitions can be easily sensed as the partial knowledge. Consequently, only with this partial knowledge, we discussed the observability respectively from differential geometric approach and algebraic approach and the corresponding observers are designed as well. At the second part, we switched to the topic of compressive sensing which is objected to sampling the sparse signals directly in a compressed manner, where the central fundamentals are resided in signal modeling according to available priors, constructing sensing matrix satisfying the so-called restricted isometry property and restoring the original sparse signals using sparse regularized linear inversion algorithms. Respectively, considering the properties of CS related to modeling, measuring and restoring, we propose to (1) exploit the chaotic sequences to construct the sensing matrix (or measuring operator) which is called chaotic sensing matrix, (2) further consider the sparsity model and then rebuild the signal model to consider structures underlying the sparsity patterns, and (3) propose three non-parametric algorithms through the hierarchical Bayesian method. And the experimental results prove that the chaotic sensing matrix is with the similar property to sub-Gaussian random matrix and the additional consideration on structures underlying sparsity patterns largely improves the performances of reconstruction and robustness
Le, Menn Marc. "Etude d'une technique laser cube-capillaire pour la mesure d'indices de réfraction." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2029.
Foltête, Isabelle. "L'expression de la mesure dans la langue du marketing." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070038.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze one of the key components in the language of marketing : the expression of measurement by using the transformational theory of z. S. Harris and the applications that are drawn from it by m. Gross and the l. A. D. L. The first chapter is focused to the presentation of the subject and of the theorotical and methodological framework, followd by some marketing texts and the method used for dividing them into simple sentences. The second chapter deals with one argument sentences and sentences with a measuring complement. The third chapter presents support verbs, operator verbs of movement and variation as well as derived verbal expressions. The fourth chapter tackles with verbs expressing losses and gains and verbs evaluating markets and companies. Finally, the fifth chapter comes to verbs relating to money exchanges and products. All verb categories are presented with combining charts (subject verb complement) and with property tables
Croteau, Sara. "Validation d'une nouvelle technique de mesure de la pression artérielle chez l'obèse morbide." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26633/26633.pdf.
Rulliere, Didier. "Mesure et contrôle du risque technique dans une compagnie d'assurance sur la vie." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10028.
Mentré-Le, Sant Véronique. "Amelioration des methodes de mesure du flux par la technique des temperatures superficielles." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066416.
Mentré-Le, Sant Véronique. "Amélioration des méthodes de mesure de flux par la technique des températures superficielles." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616288t.
Sassi, Olivier. "L'impact du changement technique endogène sur les politiques climatiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489258.
Moulard, Gilles. "Développement d'une technique de mesure in situ de contraintes dans les couches minces : application à la mesure des contraintes intrinsèque et thermique." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4015.
Magnier, Georges. "Histoire des techniques des instruments de mesure legaux de 1790 à 1990." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAMA001.
Couteau, Béatrice. "Modélisation 3D par la méthode des éléments finis du fémur humain. Application à l'étude des prothèses sur mesure." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30113.
Leclaire, Julien. "Fonctionnalisation sur mesure de dendrimères phosphorés : de l'interface chimie-biologie aux matériaux hybrides." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30116.
D'Astous, Patrick. "Approche de mesure et d'analyse des réunions de révision technique du processus de génie logiciel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/NQ42820.pdf.
Slavila, Corneliu Alexandru. "Mesure partagée de la maintenabilité d'un produit en cours de conception." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2047.
Within the general framework of simultaneous engineering, the work presented in this PhD thesis concerns the maintainability evaluation of a mechanical product during its design. Thus, our objective is to identify a method and tools enabling the maintenance expert to evaluate and measure the maintainability of the future product, and all this as soon as possible in the design process. We propose a redefinition of the maintainability criteria according to a hierarchical structure with three levels; we thus introduce the concepts of elementary criterion and under criterion of maintainability. Then we have presented a model of design data which makes it possible to preserve in the final index of maintainability the uncertainty and inaccuracy of initial design data, it is also possible to compute a confidence index of for the evaluation. In order to evaluate the maintainability index we have proposed an approach integrated in advanced CAD systems, thus simplifying the exchange of information between the maintainability evaluator and the designers. The numerical value of the maintainability index is determined by the aggregation of several maintainability criteria. We drew up the specifications for a product maintainability evaluation tool at the design stage; this tool is interfaced with an advanced CAD system. Finally we presented the application of our evaluation method in the case of redesigning an engine dedicated to model making
Wang, Xiaohui. "Dfkn : un modèle hybride de connaissances pour la conception." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/61efe636-d96f-4210-a7c2-a6a427246cfa.
Le, Halpere Gilles. "Étude d'une machine à absorption fonctionnant en mode climatisation : identification d'un nouveau mélange adapté à un cycle hybride original à hautes performances." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT101G.
Truong, Nhat My. "Analyse fonctionnelle des effecteurs nucléaires du parasitisme des nématodes à galle Meloidogyne incognita et caractérisation de leurs cibles végétales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4149.
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is among the most devastating plant pathogens
Abdel, Gawwad Mohamed Ragab. "Révélation des interactions spécifiques des membres de la famille des TRX et leurs cibles potentielles, par la technique de la double hybride." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0930.
TRXs are small proteins (≈ 12 kDa) with a redox active disulfide bridge present in the characteristic active site CxxC (Schürmann and Jacquot, 2000). It was found that this active site is conserved in many other TRXs from different organisms and was considered as a special signature for TRX. The structural motif of TRX is composed of 4 alpha helices surrounding 5 beta strands. TRXs have been found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the sequence around the redox-active disulphide bond seems to be highly conserved. A number of eukaryotic proteins contain domains evolutionary related to thioredoxin, many of them are part of the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family. In their reduced form they constitute very efficient protein disulfide oxido-reductases. The number of TRX genes in non-photosynthetic organisms is relatively limited if it compared to that of photosynthetic organisms. Genes encoding TRXs with a CXXC or CXXS active site and large proteins containing at least one TRX domain (TRX-like proteins) are considered, 42 genes can be identified in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. The considerable progress in the identification of new TRX targets has completely changed this situation and suggests that TRXs could constitute central regulators of cell metabolism in several subcellular compartments. Despite the use of different TRX isoforms known to exhibit distinct preferences for TRX targets, no specificity has been observed biochemical approaches. In this work, we have used CY306 Y2H a new tool in which the two endogene TRX are deleted to bring the specificity between TRXs and their targets. We have studied both classical redox system; TRXf/FBPase and TRXm/MDH. In this work, we used an approach of Yeast-two hybrid: some thioredoxins interact with their targets in a stable way by interactions of electrostatic or absorbent loads hydrophobic. These interactions can be highlighted in a system commercial yeast two hybrid. For the majority of the TRX the interaction is too fugacious and can be highlighted only by stabilizing the intermediate complex which associates the TRX and its target by a bridge disulfide. In a commercial Y2H the complex doubles is destroyed by the endogenous TRX and no signal is observed. We used the stock cy306 (yeast strain stock in which endogenous TRX were inactivated) and we thus could show target interactions TRX. One studied two systems strain redox chloroplastic TRXf/FBpase and TRXm/MDH as well as the interactions between certain cytosolic TRX h and a cytosolic MDH. The results obtained show that this approach doubles hybrid reveals better than the test of activity or proteomic the specificity of interaction of the TRX for their targets
Di, Mambro Emmanuel. "Génération de motifs à haute résolution sans optique : application à la mesure de FTM détecteur en infrarouge /." Châtillon : ONERA, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39981038r.
Planchet, Frédéric. "Pilotage technique d'un régime de rentes viagères : identification et mesure des risques, allocation d'actif, suivi actuariel." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443010.
Ouardirhi, Zacharia. "Technique expérimentale de mesure en champ proche pour le calcul du champ lointain d'éléments rayonnants filaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ53595.pdf.
Doré, Patrice. "Développement d'une technique de mesure d'érosion et de redéposition par interférométrie de speckle dans un tokamak." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11029.
Morvan, Daniel. "Developpement et applications d'une technique rapide de mesure de la diffusion en imagerie par resonance magnetique." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066564.
Asfour, Makdam. "Mesure atraumatique des variations de hauteur cellulaire : élaboration d'une technique de microscopie uniaxiale par conductance ionique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE19011.
BAUMLIN, JEAN-MARIE. "Etude de la topographie moire et definition d'une technique de mesure par projection de franges modulees." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13072.
Baumlin, Jean-Marie. "Etude de la topographie moire et définition d'une technique de mesure par projection de franges modulées." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375957695.
Dromer, Olivier. "Développement d'une technique ambulatoire de mesure du débit cardiaque : optimisation du principe de l'impédance électrique thoracique." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2265.
Impedance cardiography is a method that provides cardiac output without medical or surgical intervention. However, it remains extremely sensitive to noise, such as breathing or movement. While recent work deals with the detection of events features, currently still problematic, these methods require that the signal is clean, or previously filtered. Therefore we have proposed improvements of the filtering algorithm « Scaled Fourier Linear Combiner » proposed by A. K. Barros, modifying the originally used LMS adaptive algorithm by a RLS adaptive algorithm. Moreover, assuming that adaptive filter is optimal when the residual noise is a white Gaussian noise, we estimate simultaneously the baseline of the cardiac signal and changes related to movement with other adaptive filters. Similarly, to better estimate beat to beat changes of our algorithms, we allowed to travel several times each cardiac cycle to improve the convergence of our estimation. These algorithms were tested on simulated signals, to select the most efficient parameters in terms of filtering, but especially in terms of impact on the detection of hemodynamic index extracted from the ICG signal to calculate cardiac output. The best settings selected are then experienced on real data, where we will check if their behavior follows consistent physiological changes in tested conditions of physical activity
Wang, Shi-Bin. "Méthode optique de mesure de déformations à champ complet associant holographie et analyse numérique de réseaux : application à la mécanique de la rupture ductile." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2358.
Perret, Jocelyne. "Intégration des réseaux de Petri différentiels à objets dans une plate-forme de simulation dynamique hybride : application aux procédés industriels." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT020G.
Mallard, Alexandre. "Les instruments dans la coordination de l'action : pratique technique, métrologie, instrument scientifique." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0601.
Instruments (measuring instruments, visualisation and optical devices, usual technical tools. . . ) play a role in the definition and coordination of practices. The aim of the PHD thesis is to relate three different aspects of the coordination through instruments : the practices involved in their use, the associated forms of action and the techno-economic networks of conception, distribution and use. This question is at the cross-road of different disciplines of the social sciences : sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), cognitive science, pragmatics of the regimes of adjustments, psychology, ethnology of technology, sociology of innovation. The first part of the thesis studies the various forms of coordination associated with different kind of instruments. The inquiry focuses on car repairing activity and combines two complementary approaches : an ethnographical approach of the technical practices in a garage investigates the various form of competences involved in the use of instruments (perception, bodily knowledge, cognition, social abilities, know how …), an analysis of the industrial networks of car repairing shows that instruments take part actively in the techno-economic coordination of these networks. The second part of the thesis is centered on measuring instruments. It shows that metrology is a modality of coordination of the practices of assessment and control. The inquiry bears on two fieldworks : the extensive analysis of the systems of legal metrology and standardisation of an instrument of car pollution measurement, the study of a scientific instrument of atmospheric pollution measurement, from its conception in a research center up to its final practical use. This study tackles the following stages : construction and settling of an instrument in a scientific laboratory, assessment of prototype in metrology laboratory, construction of a commercial network for the diffusion of the product, intercomparison of several similar instruments
Niezborala, Claire. "Une nouvelle technique de mesure du dichroïsme circulaire : premiers pas vers l'étude du repliement de polypeptides modèles." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0021.
Picard, Dominique. "Mesure rapide de champs proches par la méthode de diffusion modulée." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112220.
Liscouet, Jonathan. "Conception préliminaire des actionneurs électromécaniques : approche hybride, directe/inverse." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0001/document.
The aim of this thesis is to propose innovative methods for the preliminary design of electromechanical actuators (EMA), and to implement them in software tools rapidly available for the industry. This objective is motivated by a strong demand of the industry, especially in aeronautics within the frame of the development of more electric aircrafts. First, this thesis puts forward a hybrid methodology (top-down/bottom-up) to generate and select systematically architectures with respect to requirements and the state of the art of technology. Second, methods to evaluate architectures in terms of power, integration (geometrical envelop and mass), reliability and closed loop performances are developed. The implementation of these methods is based on non-causal modelling combined to direct and inverse numerical simulations. Scaling laws, representative of the main sizing phenomena, are established to reduce the complexity of the models and the need for domain experts during the preliminary phases. The proposed methods and their implementation within the simulation framework Modelica/Dymola have been applied successfully to the examples of electromechanical actuators for the steering of a nose landing gear, the primary flight control of an aircraft and the thrust vector control of a space launcher. As a result, the duration of the architecture evaluation has been reduced from day-scale to hour-scale
Bizarro, Joao P. "Etudes sur la dynamique de l'onde hybride basse pendant les expériences de génération de courant dans les tokamaks et sur le formalisme de Weyl-Wigner en mécanique quantique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11038.
Lim, Chun-Sung. "Les techniques de demodulation numerique complexe par sous-echantillonnage : application a la mesure de la vitesse d'ecoulements sanguins par effet doppler." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR3304.
Pelletier, Nicolas. "Étude des phénomènes de combustion dans un propulseur hybride : modélisation et analyse expérimentale de la régression des combustibles liquéfiables." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0013.
Collette, Mathieu. "Contribution à la mesure de la rigidité artérielle par technique d'impédance bioélectrique : modélisation, instrumentation et traitement des signaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467215.
Briec, Walter. "Une Nouvelle approche de la mesure de l'efficacité productive : la notion de distance à la frontière d'efficacité technique." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0003.
The theory of measurement of technical efficiency have been developped for the forty las years. The subject of this methodology is the introductioin of a new graph methodology. This one is based on the mathematical concept of distance to the frontier of technical efficiency
LESTRINGUEZ, STEPHANE. "Diagnostic electromagnetique d'objets rayonnants complexes, a revetements non parfaitement conducteurs, par une technique de mesure en champ proche." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112413.