Дисертації: "Technical and economical indicators"

1

Smith, Jonathan David. "Exploring the use of technical indicators as pricing guides in feeder cattle production criteria." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74540.

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The objective of this study was to examine the use of technical indicators, in an econometric context, as guides in making pricing decisions relative to feeder cattle production. Technical indicators were developed for both the short and long term. Short term indicators were designed to capture divergence/convergence between the Relative Strength Index and the futures price stream to form the Price Linked to Divergence index. A long term indicator using an average difference in price over a longer period was developed to form the Price Linked to Trend index. These indicators were used in the econometric models which in conjunction with cash production costs formed a hold/price/sell decision framework. Analysis was conducted on fall-to-spring, spring-to-fall, and fall-to-fall production programs. Results for the three production programs in both the in and out-of-sample environments showed that on average a futures price in the top half of the futures price range was captured. This resulted in average improvement in returns through hedging for every program.
Master of Science

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2

Venkatachalam, Jayasurya. "How can we measure the technical, socio-economic, and environmental performance of circular business models and supply chain?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302533.

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Circular business models can assist in reshaping and transitioning away from the current linear consumption pattern which can in turn allow us to achieve a circular economy. Businesses can change their operating model and consider a more sustainable alternative to their current production and consumption method. For businesses to assist in the transition of circular economy, the circular economy strategies can be integrated into their business models. Companies have already started to align goals and objectives to achieve this by measuring performance indicators. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are used to effectively communicate and set targets to be achieved within different levels of an organization. KPIs can be used to monitor the progress of different aspects of sustainability including environment, economic and social. Due to this reason, many industries are shifting towards a circular business model to ensure better resource utilization and sustainable operations. For companies to evaluate their progress towards their set targets and goals, performance measurement is crucial. In this study, relevant existing circular KPIs have been identified which can be implemented by the case companies to measure the performance of their supply chain and entire business model. The technical, environmental, and socio-economic dimensions are focused on this study while identifying the Key Performance Indicators. A systematic literature review was initially performed during this study. Data achieved from literature was then compared with empirical data. The empirical data is based on interviews and surveys conducted with the case companies which were later compiled to develop the suitable indicators.
Cirkulära affärsmodeller kan hjälpa till att omforma och övergå från det nuvarande linjära konsumtionsmönstret, vilket i sin tur kan göra det möjligt för oss att uppnå en cirkulär ekonomi. Företag kan ändra sin driftsmodell och överväga ett mer hållbart alternativ till sin nuvarande produktions- och konsumtionsmetod. För att företag ska bistå vid övergången till cirkulär ekonomi kan strategierna för cirkulär ekonomi integreras i deras affärsmodeller. Företag har redan börjat anpassa sina mål för att uppnå detta genom att mäta prestationsindikatorer. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) används för att effektivt kommunicera och sätta upp mål som ska uppnås inom olika nivåer i en organisation. KPIs kan användas för att övervaka utvecklingen av olika aspekter av hållbarhet, inklusive miljö, ekonomisk och social. Av denna anledning övergår många branscher mot en cirkulär affärsmodell för att säkerställa bättre resursutnyttjande och hållbara operationer. Prestandamätning är avgörande för att företag ska kunna utvärdera sina framsteg i förhållande till sina uppsatta mål. I denna studie har relevanta befintliga cirkulära KPIs identifierats som kan implementeras av fallstudieföretagen för att mäta prestanda för deras försörjningskedja och hela affärsmodellen. Fokus för denna studie är de tekniska, miljömässiga och socioekonomiska dimensionerna samtidigt som de viktigaste prestationsindikatorerna identifieras. En systematisk litteraturöversikt utfördes initialt under denna studie. Data erhållen från litteraturen jämfördes därefter med empiriska data. De empiriska uppgifterna är baserade på intervjuer och undersökningar som gjorts med fallstudiebolagen som senare sammanställdes för att utveckla lämpliga indikatorer.

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3

Ribeiro, Daniel Brum de Cerqueira Leite. "Indicadores técnicos, econômicos e financeiros e o desempenho de propriedades leiteiras de minas gerais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164364.

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A cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil se caracteriza pela carência na utilização de ferramentas de gestão e financeiras para o controle da atividade. Atualmente algumas linhas de pesquisa estão trazendo para o meio rural a utilização de indicadores de origem econômica e financeira para complementarem os já utilizados de origem técnica como indicadores de produtividade, escala de produção etc. Este trabalho objetivou correlacionar indicadores técnicos, econômicos e financeiros de propriedades produtoras de leite localizadas em Minas Gerais para buscar quais seriam os de eleição para acompanhamento e quais estariam mais relacionados à rentabilidade e retorno financeiro. Foram coletados dados mensais de 15 propriedades mineiras do período correspondido entre julho de 2012 e junho de 2013, além de visita e aplicação de questionário às mesmas. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para o cálculo de índices técnicos, econômicos e financeiros e também para caracterização das propriedades. Sobre os indicadores foram aplicados os testes de Kruskal Wallis e Wilcoxon para comparar as médias entre as propriedades em relação aos três níveis de retorno sobre o Investimento da propriedade. Em seguida aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Spearman para cálculo dos indicadores de correlação de todas variáveis em relação aos indicadores de cunho econômico financeiro. Os indicadores econômicos e financeiros revelaram altos índices de correlação e diferenças entre médias entre si. Dos demais se destacaram, a relação de gasto com mão de obra /receita bruta e a perda com morte de animais. De acordo com os testes de correlação, a variável MARGEM DE EBITDA foi a que mais se correlacionou com os demais indicadores relacionados ao retorno financeiro da atividade e por isso foi a considerada a principal no controle financeiro das atividades produtivas.
Milk production chain in Brazil is characterized by deficiency in the use of financial management and to control the activity tools. Nowadays some researches are bringing to the rural environment the using of indicators of economic and financial source to complement those already used from technical origin as indicators of productivity, production scale etc. This study aimed to correlate technical, economic and financial indicators of milk-producing farms located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, to find what indicators would be elected to follow and which would be more related to profitability and financial returns. Monthly data of 15 properties from Minas Gerais was collected between July 2012 and June 2013, as well as visiting and apllying questionnaire to all of them. The data were used to calculate the technical, economical and financial ratios and also to characterize the properties. The indicators were compared using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests to compare means between the properties on three levels of return on investment. Then the Spearman correlation test was applied to calculate the indicators correlation of all variables in relation to financial end economical indicators. The economic and financial indicators showed high levels of correlation and mean differences between each other. The others that stood out was the ratio of spending on labor/gross income and losts with animal death. According to the correlation tests, the variable MARGIN OF EBITDA was more correlated with other indicators related to the financial return of the activity and therefore was considered the main financial control to use on productive activities.

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4

Klimánková, Renata. "Fundamentální a technická analýza akcie Philip Morris ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75268.

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The master's thesis deals with the fundamental and technical analysis of stock Philip Morris ČR. The aim of the thesis is a specification of investment recommendation. The fundamental analysis specifies an intrinsic value of the stock Philip Morris ČR, compares it with a real stock price and recommends sale or purchase of this stock. Technical analysis uses graphical methods and technical indicators to determine an appropriate time to sale or purchase this stock.

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5

Mghirbi, Oussama. "Résilience des exploitations agricoles face au changement des pratiques phytosanitaires : Conception d’outils de gestion des risques liés aux pesticides – cas du bassin versant de l’étang de l’or en France." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30011/document.

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L’utilisation excessive des produits phytosanitaires provoque des problèmes de santé publique et environnementaux du fait de leur toxicité. Dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche interdisciplinaire entre géographie et agronomie, l’objectif est d’analyser la résilience des exploitations agricoles et leur capacité à faire face au changement des pratiques phytosanitaires. Pour y répondre, nous nous sommes basés sur la conception d’une méthode d’évaluation des pratiques phytosanitaires à différentes échelles spatiales et d’un modèle technico-économique d’optimisation des traitements phytosanitaires et de gestion des risques liés aux pesticides. Ce travail consiste à mettre à la disposition des acteurs du territoire des outils d’aide à la décision pour une gestion intégrée de l’usage des pesticides au niveau du bassin versant de l’étang de l’Or au Sud de la France. Cette étude est basée sur l’utilisation de plusieurs outils pluridisciplinaires : les techniques de programmation mathématique, d’analyse statistique et les Systèmes d’Informations Géographiques (SIG), en introduisant des indicateurs agri-environnementaux de pression phytosanitaire (IFT) et de risque de toxicité sur la santé de l’applicateur et sur l’environnement (IRSA, IRTE), ainsi que des indicateurs économiques. La combinaison de ces indicateurs définit les différentes catégories de résilience des exploitations agricoles et la capacité de leur système de production à faire face au changement de pratiques phytosanitaires. Ce concept de résilience, associé à l’analyse spatiale des indicateurs agri-environnementaux et économiques à l’aide d’un SIG, permet de mettre en place des outils génériques d’aide à la décision afin de trouver un compromis entre les différents acteurs pour faire face aux problématiques de l’iniquité spatiale et socio-économique de la pollution phytosanitaire diffuse. Les résultats d’analyse multi-échelle permettent la mise en place des stratégies de gestion des risques liés aux pratiques phytosanitaires en fonction de la vulnérabilité du milieu naturel sur un territoire et en assurant des résultats économiques convenables aux exploitations agricoles
The excessive use of plant protection products has caused public health and environmental issues dueto their toxicity. As part of this interdisciplinary research work between geography and agronomy, theobjective is to analyse the resilience of farms and their capacity to deal with the change of plantprotection practices. In order to answer this objective, our work is based on the design of a method forassessing plant protection practices at different spatial scales and on a technical-economic model foroptimising plant protection treatment and managing risks related to pesticides. This work consists inproviding territorial actors with decision-support tools for an integrated management of pesticide useat the “Etang de l’Or” catchment area in the South of France. This study is based on the use of severalmultidisciplinary tools: mathematical programming techniques, statistical analysis and GeographicInformation Systems (GIS), by introducing agri-environmental indicators for plant protection pressure(TFI) and risks of toxicity on the applicator’s health and on environment (IRSA, IRTE), and economicindicators. The combination of these indicators defines the different categories of farms resilience andcapacity of their production systems to deal with the change of plant protection practices. The conceptof resilience, combined with spatial analysis of agri-environmental and economic indicators usingGIS, allows implementing generic decision-support tools to find a compromise between the differentactors to deal with problems of spatial inequality and socioeconomic in term of phytosanitary diffusepollution. The results of multi-scale analysis allow implementing management strategies of risksrelated to plant protection practice based on the vulnerability of the natural environment on a territoryand ensuring suitable economic outcomes to farms

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6

Vargas, Evandro Sadi. "O COMPORTAMENTO DA INDÚSTRIA DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO BRASILEIRA ENTRE 1996 E 2011: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE INDICADORES TÉCNICOS E ECONÔMICOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6615.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This thesis aims to analyze the behavior of Brazilian manufacturing industry through technical and economic indicators from 1996 to 2011. Methodology includes the use of technical indicators as productive density, labor productivity, cost margin regarding labor, as well as raw materials, operational actions, production; and indicators of current profitability from the net surplus margin and mark up, and global one, through profit margin. Also, to use the classification of industries (made by technological intensity) it was used the OECD methodology. The theoretical framework discusses concepts of market structures under a dynamic point of view involving elements of manufacturing industry, such as technical progress. It has as hypothesis the overall changes in Brazilian economy; both regarding to institutional reforms, to economic policies in the 1990s and 2000, as well as the changes associated to the context of industry impacted asymmetrically some sectors (industries), especially on the technical-productive and economic indicators. From the results, in general, it was found reduction on labor productivity and lower density in productive chains of various industrial groups, especially considering those with higher technological level. In other words, the manufacturing industry showed less ability of human resource to aggregate value to product, as well as to create value in the production process. Otherwise, considering the cost margin and profitability indicators, they also showed an asymmetric behavior. While there was an average reduction of the production cost margin in the grand total of the manufacturing industry due to the reduction of labor cost margin, there was among industrial groups a bit defined movement, although it was not widespread. In many sectors, the fall in labor margin cost contributed for increasing the net surplus margin, even though not always accompanied by higher profit margin considering the rising of cost margins with industrial operations. The variations of costs and production margins also reflect variations in mark-up, this one showed a small increase for the manufacturing industry and a very asymmetric behavior for different industry groups. Although having short-term variations and the fact that few sectors have decreased the relation price/direct cost, the vast majority remained at the same level or increased in some cases.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento da indústria de transformação brasileira através de indicadores técnicos e econômicos, no período de 1996 a 2011. A metodologia engloba o uso dos indicadores técnico-produtivos como densidade produtiva, produtividade do trabalho, margem de custo com trabalho, margem de custo de matéria-prima, operacional e de produção e os indicadores de rentabilidade corrente pela margem líquida de excedente e mark up, e global, através da margem de lucro. Além disso, para uso da classificação das indústrias (feita pela intensidade tecnológica), utilizou-se a metodologia da OCDE. O referencial teórico aborda conceitos sobre as estruturas de mercado sob um ponto de vista dinâmico que envolve elementos das transformações da indústria, como o progresso técnico. Tem como hipótese que as mudanças gerais da economia brasileira, tanto no que se refere às reformas institucionais quanto às políticas econômicas dos anos de 1990 e 2000, bem como as mudanças da indústria associadas ao contexto impactaram de forma assimétrica os setores (indústrias), especialmente sobre os indicadores técnico-produtivos e econômicos. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se, de forma geral, redução da produtividade do trabalho e um menor adensamento nas cadeias produtivas dos diversos grupos industriais, principalmente os de maior nível tecnológico, ou seja, a indústria de transformação apresentou menor capacidade do recurso humano agregar valor ao produto e da indústria de gerar valor no processo produtivo. De outro modo, quanto aos indicadores de margens de custos e rentabilidade, estes apresentaram um comportamento também assimétrico. Enquanto ocorreu redução média da margem de custo de produção no total geral da indústria de transformação por conta da redução da margem de custo com trabalho, houve, entre os grupos industriais, um movimento pouco definido, embora não generalizado. Em muitos setores, a queda da margem de custo com trabalho contribuiu para a elevação da margem líquida de excedente mesmo que, nem sempre, acompanhada de maior margem de lucro, dada a elevação das margens de custo com operações industriais. As variações das margens de custos de produção também se refletem nas variações do mark up, o qual apresentou uma pequena elevação para o conjunto da indústria de transformação e um comportamento bastante assimétrico para os diferentes grupos industriais. Embora com variações de curto prazo e alguns poucos setores terem diminuído a relação preço/custo direto, na grande maioria, a indústria manteve-se em igual nível ou elevou-se para alguns casos.

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Hanzlíček, Michael. "Porovnání ceny rozestavěné stavby RD v různých fázích výstavby s cenou provedených stavebních prací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241325.

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The aim of this thesis is compare the price unfinished house in various stages of construction with the cost of executed construction. The price unfinished house was identified by various calculation. The various calculation were compared each other. The chosen methods are develop construction budget, determine prices through technical-economic indicators and of price regulations. Price unfinished buildings and the value of construction works is determined in three separate phases, these phases are described in the thesis itself. Calculation results are processed in graphic form and at the end of this thesis are compared with each other. Assigned task is achieved by a complete itemized budget for a house with no exterior modifications and connections. From final itemized budget are created sub-budget containing structure according to specified stages of construction. In the same stages of construction are made calculations by price indicators and price regulations. Target set in the thesis is filled at the end, all the values are described and compared. The results suggest the use of computational methods is determined by the purpose for which prices are measured. Labor and accuracy while itemized budget is confirmed, the remaining calculations are mainly informative and preliminary pricing satisfactory. The benefit of the work is to verify the use of computational methods for the different phases of the construction process.

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8

Мітцель, Микола Олександрович. "Вплив особливих зон роботи гідропередачі на техніко-економічні показники колісних тракторів з безступінчастими гідрооб'ємно-механічними трансмісіями". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22578.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.22.02 – автомобілі та трактори. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016 р. Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню техніко-економічних показників машинно-тракторних агрегатів оснащених гідрооб'ємно-механічними трансмісіями з диференціалом "на виході" за рахунок розміщення агротехнічних швидкостей в особливих зонах роботи гідрооб'ємної передачі. Складена комплексна математична модель особливих зон роботи гідрооб'ємної передачі, що дозволяє досліджувати робочі процеси в межах особливої зони. Розглянуто процес утворення особливої зони на висхідній та низхідній регулювальній характеристиці гідрооб'ємно-механічної трансмісії. Встановлено вплив режимів навантаження та конструктивних параметрів трансмісії на ширину особливої зони та загальний ККД трансмісії. Визначено вплив часу розгону колісного трактору на величину сплеску робочого тиску при виході з особливої зони. Сформульовано рекомендації до проектування перспективних схем трансмісій з диференціалом "на виході", що дозволять досягати максимального ККД трансмісії в межах швидкостей основних енергоємних сільськогосподарських операцій. Експериментальними дослідженнями визначено точність математичної моделі втрат в гідрооб'ємній передачі К. І. Городецького. Експериментально досліджено достовірність математичної моделі особливих зон на лабораторному стенді та колісному тракторі, та підтверджено рекомендації щодо перспективних схем гідрооб'ємно-механічних трансмісій з диференціалом "на виході".
The dissertation for obtaining a scientific degree of Candidate of Science (Technology) on the specialty 05.22.02 – automobiles and tractors. –National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The dissertation is devoted to improving technical and economic indicators of machine-tractor units equipped input-coupled power-split hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions by placing farming velocity in special areas of work hydrovolumetric transmission. Compiled complex mathematical model special zones of hydrovolumetric transmission that allows you to explore work processes within the special zone. The process of creation of special zones ascending for and descending regulating characteristics. The influence of the mode load and design parameters of the transmission to the width of the special zones and the overall efficiency of the transmission. The effect of time acceleration wheeled tractor a surge in the value of the operating pressure at the outlet of the special zones. Recommendations for the design of perspective schemes output coupled transmissions that will achieve maximum efficiency transmission speeds within the major energy intensive agricultural operations. Experimental studies determined the accuracy of the mathematical model of hydraulic losses in the transmission by K. Gorodetsky's mathematical model. Experimentally investigated the accuracy of the mathematical model of special zones on the laboratory stand and wheeled tractors, and found the references to perspective schemes input-coupled power-split hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions.

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Мітцель, Микола Олександрович. "Вплив особливих зон роботи гідропередачі на техніко-економічні показники колісних тракторів з безступінчастими гідрооб'ємно-механічними трансмісіями". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22568.

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Анотація:

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.22.02 – автомобілі та трактори. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016 р. Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню техніко-економічних показників машинно-тракторних агрегатів оснащених гідрооб'ємно-механічними трансмісіями з диференціалом "на виході" за рахунок розміщення агротехнічних швидкостей в особливих зонах роботи гідрооб'ємної передачі. Складена комплексна математична модель особливих зон роботи гідрооб'ємної передачі, що дозволяє досліджувати робочі процеси в межах особливої зони. Розглянуто процес утворення особливої зони на висхідній та низхідній регулювальній характеристиці гідрооб'ємно-механічної трансмісії. Встановлено вплив режимів навантаження та конструктивних параметрів трансмісії на ширину особливої зони та загальний ККД трансмісії. Визначено вплив часу розгону колісного трактору на величину сплеску робочого тиску при виході з особливої зони. Сформульовано рекомендації до проектування перспективних схем трансмісій з диференціалом "на виході", що дозволять досягати максимального ККД трансмісії в межах швидкостей основних енергоємних сільськогосподарських операцій. Експериментальними дослідженнями визначено точність математичної моделі втрат в гідрооб'ємній передачі К. І. Городецького. Експериментально досліджено достовірність математичної моделі особливих зон на лабораторному стенді та колісному тракторі, та підтверджено рекомендації щодо перспективних схем гідрооб'ємно-механічних трансмісій з диференціалом "на виході".
The dissertation for obtaining a scientific degree of Candidate of Science (Technology) on the specialty 05.22.02 – automobiles and tractors. –National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The dissertation is devoted to improving technical and economic indicators of machine-tractor units equipped input-coupled power-split hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions by placing farming velocity in special areas of work hydrovolumetric transmission. Compiled complex mathematical model special zones of hydrovolumetric transmission that allows you to explore work processes within the special zone. The process of creation of special zones ascending for and descending regulating characteristics. The influence of the mode load and design parameters of the transmission to the width of the special zones and the overall efficiency of the transmission. The effect of time acceleration wheeled tractor a surge in the value of the operating pressure at the outlet of the special zones. Recommendations for the design of perspective schemes output coupled transmissions that will achieve maximum efficiency transmission speeds within the major energy intensive agricultural operations. Experimental studies determined the accuracy of the mathematical model of hydraulic losses in the transmission by K. Gorodetsky's mathematical model. Experimentally investigated the accuracy of the mathematical model of special zones on the laboratory stand and wheeled tractors, and found the references to perspective schemes input-coupled power-split hydrovolumetric mechanical transmissions.

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10

Juknevicius, Vilius. "Digital Design and Fabrication within Technical and Economical Limitations." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-181318.

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Today, designing in digital environment is far less limiting than the physical reality that the product will end up in - stresses and forces, physical material properties, manufacturing possibilities, economic considerations and etc. are to a large extent not present in digital design tools. With many of these being directly computable it would make sense to introduce these restrictions from the physical world to the digital design environment. By doing this with we could take account of the inevitable restrictions from the very initial design phases and considerations, hopefully enabling us to make better informed decisions and designs.
Idag, designar i digitala miljön är betydligt mindre begränsande än den fysiska verkligheten att produkten kommer att hamna i - spänningar och krafter, fysikaliska materialegenskaper, tillverkningsmöjligheter, ekonomiska överväganden och etc. är i stor utsträckning inte finns i digitala designverktyg. Med många av dessa är direkt beräkningsbar det skulle vara meningsfullt att införa dessa restriktioner från den fysiska världen till den digitala designmiljö. Genom att göra detta med vi kunde ta hänsyn till de oundvikliga begränsningar från mycket ursprungliga utformning och överväganden, förhoppningsvis gör det möjligt för oss att fatta bättre underbyggda beslut och designer.

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11

Rudolf, von Rohr André. "Trading Rules based on Technical Indicators." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02605715001/$FILE/02605715001.pdf.

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12

BENDEZU, MARKO ANTONIO LOPEZ. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES FOR NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13793@1.

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AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO
Considerando países com uma grande área territorial, um obstáculo para a expansão do mercado do gás natural consiste na falta da infra-estrutura para o seu transporte. Várias alternativas foram consideradas, a fim de criar a demanda local de gás, como o transporte em caminhões como comprimido (GNC) ou liquefeito (GNL) do gás natural, ou mesmo os tradicionais gasodutos. Uma adequada escolha dos modais tende a reduzir os custos de transporte envolvidos. Assim, o presente estudo apresenta uma técnica de discussão das implicações de cada uma das alternativas de transporte e logística. Finalmente, é apresentada uma comparação econômica entre os diferentes modais em função do volume de gás a ser transportado e em função da distância.
Considering countries with a large territorial area, an obstacle for the expansion of the natural gas market consists in the lack of infrastructure for its transportation. Several alternatives have been considered in order to create local demand for gas, such as transportation in trucks as compressed (CNG) or liquefied (LNG) natural gas or even the traditional pipelines. An adequate selection of the modal will tend to reduce the transportation costs involved. So, the present study presents a technical discussion of the implications of each one of the alternatives and the transportation logistics. Finally, it is presented an economical comparison among the different modals as function of the amount of gas to be transported and as function of the distance.

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13

Dana, Martín A. (Andreu). "Technical and economical study of Aquaponics feasibility in northern Finland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201708022724.

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The reutilization of waste products is an important matter where world view is focusing. The most common liquid waste is waste water coming from organic processes that carries an overdose of organic compounds, usually nontoxic. Traditionally this organic contaminants have been ignored and just pumped out to the environment, or in the best case neutralized into less contaminant forms. But during the past years eutrophication (overfertilization of aquatic ecosystems) has led to many environmental problems, pushing forward more active measures for removing such contaminants from water. One of the most promising ways of doing it is aquaponics, a soilless crop growing that uses waste water as fertilizer, solving two big problems: it cleans the waste water coming from fish factories and reduces the consume of fertilizer which is a product harmful to the environment in its production and use. This farming technique is really young but is gaining more popularity each year. This work is the study of the viability of implementing an aquaponics waste water treatment in a future fish farm in Oulu, on the north of Finland. Finland is a country with hard conditions for producing vegetables so most of them are imported. All the efforts made into not relying so much in external imports are welcomed and aquaponics was one of the options taken into account when deciding how the waste water cleaning process would be. The calculus process has been made step by step stating from the desired fish production and from there calculating how much vegetables would be produced and the amount of space it takes. In the economic aspect, it has been proved that the factor that caused most of the costs was the weather, as Oulu has a subpolar climate that is not mitigated enough for being a coastal city. The main result of the study has been that aquaponics does not report profits, being the artificial light the most expensive factor. Heat costs can be mitigated importing waste heat from another factories of the area like paper factories, but vegetables need artificial light in winter that has proven to be too much expensive for the benefits the vegetables reported. The study can be used as a basis for other aquaponics studies as it sets a system easy to follow for calculating the different parameters that appear in aquaponics. Also, it stays as an evidence that aquaponics can be hard of implement in extreme weather and other systems may be needed.

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14

Dippenaar, D. J. "A technical and economical evaluation of RP technology for RTM tooling." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4193.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This project investigates the use of Rapid Prototyping (RP), with specific focus on Three Dimensional Printing (3DP), in the manufacture of complex shaped advanced composite parts, using variants of the Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) method of composite manufacture. This study developed design guidelines, cost models and a process chain by studying data obtained by making example parts, from literature and consultation with industry. Advanced composite materials offer some of the best low weight and high specific strength properties for the solution of design problems. A major disadvantage of these processes, however, is the low production rates possible and the need of costly moulds. The 3DP technologies combined with the RTM composite process was found to enable a lowering of costs and increase in productivity if smaller batch sizes are considered. The most meaningful area of application for RP techniques seems to be for smaller and more complex components. The geometrical freedom allowed by RP technologies allowed the manufacture of parts which are challenging to manufacture by conventional technology such as CNC machining. Example part case studies were completed for a simple part utilising the one sided mould Resin Infusion RTM variant as well as for a complex part utilising the closed mould Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) process variant. During these two case studies it was clear that proper part infusion with resin is critical for the manufacture of good quality composite parts free of voids and dry spots. It is possible to improve the resin infusion by correct placement of resin inlet and outlet ports as well as resin channels incorporated in the mould. Correct placement of these features for the case studies was obtained through simulations done with RTM-Worx software. Results also indicated that another useful application of RP technology to RTM is the manufacture of disposable cores for parts with thick cross sections. Resin channels were included on the surface of these cores to improve the mould filling with resin and consequently part quality. An early cost estimation model, based on the work of Veldsman (1995), was developed for the combined RP and RTM manufacturing process. This model may help designers to eliminate expensive design features and enables a quick cost comparison with competing processes. Drawbacks of applying RP techniques to RTM include the limited lifetime of moulds produced with 3DP and the size and accuracy limitations of the RP t echnology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie projek handel oor die toepassing van die drie-dimensionele druk metode van Snel-Prototipering (Rapid Prototyping) op die vervaardiging van komplekse gevorderde saamgestelde materiaal komponente met die Hars-Inspuit Giet (Resin Transfer Moulding) metode. Die projek behels die opstel van ontwerpsriglyne, koste-modelle en ’n proses-ketting deur data te bestudeer wat bekom is deur middel van die vervaardiging van eksperimentele parte, literatuurstudie asook raadpleging met individue in die industrie. Gevorderde saamgestelde materiale verskaf van die beste sterk, dog ligte oplossings vir sekere ontwerpsprobleme. ’n Ernstige nadeel van hierdie materiale is egter die stadige produksietempo moontlik en die vereiste van duur gietstukke. Die Snel- Prototipering metodes, gekombineerd met ’n saamgestelde materiaal vervaardigingsproses, maak laer kostes met beter produktiwiteit moontlik indien ontwerpers die part grootte- en akkuraatheidsbeperkings in ag neem. Die mees betekenisvolle area van toepassing blyk kleiner en meer komplekse komponente te wees. Die vryheid in geometrie wat moontlik gemaak word deur die Snel- Prototipering tegnologie laat die vervaardiging toe van parte wat uitdagend is om te vervaardig met konvensionele tegnologie soos CNC masjinering. ’n Gevallestudie is voltooi vir ’n eenvoudige part vervaardig met die enkelkant gietstuk vakuum-infusie weergawe van die Hars-Inspuit Giet metode asook vir ’n komplekse part wat vervaardig is met die geslote gietstuk Vakuum Hars-Inspuit Giet weergawe van die basiese metode. Dit het tydens die twee gevallestudies duidelik geword dat deeglike hars infusie van kritieke belang is vir die vervaardiging van goeie kwaliteit parte sonder enige droë kolle of lugruimtes. Dit is moontlik om die hars infusie te verbeter deur hars inlate en uitlate asook hars kanale in die korrekte posisies te plaas. Die korrekte posisies vir hierdie komponente is verkry deur middel van ’n reeks simulasies met die RTM-Worx sagteware. Resultate dui ook daarop dat Snel-Prototipering tegnologie handig te pas kom by die vervaardiging van verbruikbare kerne vir saamgestelde materiaal parte met groter diktes. Hars kanale kan maklik op die kerne se oppervlak geskep word om die hars verspreiding en gevolglik part kwaliteit te verbeter. ’n Vroeë kostevoorspellings model, gebaseer op werk voltooi deur Veldsman (1995), is saamgestel vir die gekombineerde Snel-Prototipering en Hars-Inspuit Giet proses. Hierdie model kan gebruik word om duur ontwerpsbesonderhede op parte te elimineer en om ’n vinnige koste vergelyking met ander vervaardigingsprosesse te toon. Nadele van die toepassing van Snel-Prototipering tegnieke op Hars-Inspuit Giet sluit die beperkte gietstuk-leeftyd en beperkte akkuraatheid in.

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15

Dechamps, P. J. Th. "Technical and economical considerations on repowering a steam cycle with a gas turbine." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3478.

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There is a growing interest in the use of combined cycles for power generation. These cycles are known to have economical advantages over classical steam cycles under some circumstances. This thesis looks at the implications of topping a existing steam cycle with one or more gas turbines. After a short overview of combined cycles, the various options available for repowering are presented and discussed. The number of feasible basic options is reduced to two by considering technical issues related to classical steam cycles. A computer code that was developed to analyze the design point as well as the off design performance of repowered configurations is then presented. Design point performance examples show what can be achieved by repowering, and how it compares with genuine combined cycles. Off design performance examples illustrate how the off design behaviour can be improved by special gas turbine features and arrangements. An economic analysis method based on cash flow predictions and sensitivity analysis is developed and illustrated on two typical situations. Throughout the work, the emphasis is put on the necessary integration of technical and economical analysis for decision making.

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16

Yoo, Juhyun. "Technical and economical assessment of thermo-mechanical extrusion pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9190.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Sajid Alavi
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has set the goal of 36 billion gallons of annual ethanol production in the U.S. by 2022, which is equivalent to 17.5% of the current gasoline consumption in the U.S. However, corn ethanol is expected to plateau at a level of 7.3% of current gasoline consumption on an energy-equivalent basis. Thus, it is essential to utilize a variety of substrates including lignocellulosic biomass from perennial energy crops such as switch grass, crop residues such as corn and sorghum stover, and agri-industrial co-products such as soybean hulls and wheat bran. Lignocellulosic substrates have a recalcitrant nature and require a pretreatment step that is critical for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. In this study, soybean hulls were used as a model substrate for cellulosic ethanol. A novel thermo-mechanical pretreatment process using extrusion was investigated and compared with two traditional pretreatment methods, dilute acid and alkali hydrolysis, with regard to structural changes in the lignocellulosic substrate, and glucose and ethanol yields. The effect of extrusion parameters, such as barrel temperature, in-barrel moisture and screw speed, on glucose yield from soybean hulls was determined. Optimum processing conditions were screw speed of 350 rpm, maximum barrel temperature of 80C and 40% in-barrel moisture content, resulting in 95% cellulose conversion to glucose. Compared with untreated soybean hulls, the cellulose to glucose conversion of soybean hulls increased by 69.5, 128.4 and 132.2% for dilute acid, alkali and thermo-mechanical pretreatments, respectively. Glucose and other hexose sugars such as mannose and galactose were effectively fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in ethanol yields of 13.04–15.44 g/L. Fermentation inhibitors glycerol, furfural, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and acetic acid were found in the thermo-mechanically pretreated substrate, ranging in concentrations from 0.072–0.431, 0–0.049, 0–0.023 and 0.181–0.278 g/L, respectively, which were lower than those reported from acid hydrolyzed substrates. The economic feasibility of commercial cellulosic ethanol production processes employing dilute acid hydrolysis and thermo-mechanical pretreatment were compared using a system dynamics modeling approach. It was concluded that low feedstock cost and high sugar conversion are important factors that can make cellulosic ethanol production commercially viable. Thermo-mechanical pretreatment was a more promising technology as compared to dilute acid hydrolysis because of the lower capital and operating costs, and higher sugar conversion.

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17

Krupař, Petr. "Posouzení rozdílů mezi cenou nabídkovou a cenou zjištěnou podle oceňovacího předpisu u bytů v Karlových Varech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232816.

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This thesis focuses on the comparison of selected methods of valuation for the property type flat in Karlovy Vary - Stara Role, specifically prefabricated insulated houses. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts associated with the valuation, it describes methods of valuation and detailed description of location . The practical part of the thesis is focused on the valuation of flats according to the current price regulation. Comparative and yield methods are used in this valuation. The conclusion of the final price of these methods is processed and evaluated.

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18

Ljungviken, Robin, and Erik Lindquist. "Technical Trading Strategies : And the effect of trigger indicators." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19178.

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This thesis investigates whether technical trading rules, such as simple moving averages and trigger indicators, have a significant effect and can generate excess return against a simple buy and hold strategy. The rules will be applied on the OMX Stockholm 30 from the beginning of 2000 until the end of 2011. We also examine if the introduction of trigger indicators have a significant contribution to a dual simple moving average, in terms of return. The findings of the study were confirmed by an out of sample test. Results conclude that no statistically significant excess return was generated from the use of technical trading strategies, when compared against a simple buy and hold strategy. The findings also submit that there are no statistically significant evidence, that the trigger indicators used would have a positive effect to the performance of the dual simple moving average.

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19

Stejskal, Pavel. "Kalkulace pojistné částky při pojišťování staveb." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225951.

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The work deals with the determination of the sum insured in the insurance of houses. For this purpose are used three methods of real estate valuation. These procedures are compared with the methods of insurers. The methods are applied in the practical part of the concrete houses and results of the methods are compared.

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20

Wajman, Michal. "Technical and Economical Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems with BHE in Poland." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33642.

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Nowadays, Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) are more frequently acting as a main or the only device covering the building heat/cool demand. The most efficient way to extract/dissipate the low-temperature heat from/to the ground is by means of Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE). In this Master of Science Thesis various aspects related to this technology are studied, focused on summarizing the possibilities of installing this tech-nology in Poland. Borehole drilling methods used in Poland and Sweden are analyzed and the most proper and economical ones according to Polish geological structure are proposed. Approximately for 80 % of Poland the ground should be penetrated with Mud Rotary Drilling, while for the rest 20 % DTH Air or Water driven hammer should be used. Solutions of Thermal Insulated Leg (TIL) Borehole Heat Exchanger cooperation with mechanical ventilation system are proposed and simple preliminary estimations show higher Coefficient of Performance (COP) in comparison to normal, common situation, where standard U-pipe BHE works. The possibility of using a new product (Energy Capsule - EC) in Polish conditions is surveyed, found hard to prosper at Polish market according to its high costs. Profitability of Ground Source Heat Pumps with Borehole Heat Exchanger in different geological regions of Poland is investigated. After conducted simulations it occurred that Polish lowland regions are cheaper in exploita-tion, while uplands regions are less expensive at investment level. Finally, the most ef-ficient BHE conception from those currently available at market as well as recently in-vented is suggested. Annular coaxial BHE in a form of Energy Capsule seems to be the most beneficial from all designs taken into account during performed simulations because of its low price and good thermal properties.

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21

OTTOSSON, SIMON. "Case study of Urban Solar Photovoltaic systems Technical and Economical performance in Nordic climates." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302517.

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The thesis is conducted with Vasakronan for their PV sites. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the techno-economical effectiveness of urban stationed solar photovoltaic systems in Nordic environments in terms of inverter and module performance. This is made through a case study to compare solar power optimizers and string inverters performances as well as a comparison of crystalline silicon modules to thin film modules performance. Five PV sites situated in Stockholm and Uppsala are evaluated and modeled using the software System Advisor Model to enable a case study with alterations of system congurations. The inverter congurations were tested for two sites. For one of the sites solar power optimizers are shown to be more benecial, improving the protability index by 5 % compared to using string inverters, while string inverters were the more favourable for one site with a 4 % protability index increase. The variation is highly dependent of the amount of surrounding infrastructure. The module congurations are tested for all five of the sites. The thin film modules provided an increased protability index value of 12 % and 15 % each for two of the sites while the silicon modules provided an increase between 5 % to 7 % for three of the sites. The result shows that thin film modules are more advantageous at certain intervals of tilt- and azimuth angles though less competitive for the typical installation presets.
Uppsatsen utförs med Vasakronan på deras PV siter. Målet med uppsatsen är at utvärdera den techno-ekonomiska effektiviteten för stadsplacerade sol- cellessystem i nordiska klimat i form av prestanda av växelriktar- och modul teknologier. Detta utförs genom en fallstudie för att jämföra prestanda dels mellan solar power optimizers och växelriktare samt mellan kristallina- och tunnfilmsmoduler. Fem solcellssiter anlagda i Stockholm och Uppsala undersöks och modelleras i programmet System Advisor Model för att kunna skapa olika systemkongurationer. Växelriktarkongurationerna jämfördes för två siter. För en av siterna var solar power optimizers det mer fördelaktiga valet, det ökade lönsamhetsindex med 5 % mot att använda växelriktare. Medan det på den andra siten var mer fördelaktigt med växelriktare med en ökning av lönsamhetsindex på 4 %. Variationen var beroende av runtomkringliggande infrastruktur. Modulkongurationerna testas för alla fem siter. Tunnfilmsmodulerna gav på två av siterna en lönsamhetsindexökning på 12 % och 15 % var, medan kristallina moduler gav en lönsamhetsindexökning mellan 5 % och 7 % på tre av siterna. Resultaten visar att tunnfilmsmodulerna är mer fördelaktiga för särskilda intervall av lutnings- och azimutvinklar men mindre fördelaktiga för mer konventionella installationsförutsättningar.

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22

Zholydeva, Anastasia. "Environmental problems in the light of scientific and technical progress. Ecological and economical aspects." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8216.

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23

Mallory, Kristin L. "Employment success of community and technical college program graduates as an indicator of economic development in West Virginia." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=642.

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24

Doruška, Jan. "Stavebně technologický projekt dostavby výrobní haly v Drnovicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240283.

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This master’s thesis contains selected parts of construction-technological project of completion for a manufacturing hall in Drnovice. Based on the documentation used, the focus is aimed mainly at the technological report for the project and its coordination with broader relations of transport routes. Beside these topics, we discuss time and financial plans of the construction, equipment on the construction site, a proposal of main building machinery and mechanisms and the time plan of the main construction project. Furthermore, we provide a technological instructions, control trial plan for installation of a metal construction and façade panels casing, together with a comparison of industrial floors.

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25

Bujnošková, Iva. "Ekonomická analýza vybraných zastavitelných ploch na území města." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240011.

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This thesis aims to create a tool for evaluation of suitability to invest into a preparation of a specific area for family houses construction. This investment includes costs for land buy-outs as well as costs for public and technical infrastructures. The theoretical part of this thesis begins with types and properties of investment projects, lify cycle of a project and its financial sources. Following chapter concentrates on description of multicriteria analysis that is used for decision making process of an investing company. Its advantage is that it includes into its computation also non-economic parameters. Based on this multicriteria analysis a case study for chosen areas suitable for houses was conducted. The case study shows economic efficiency evaluation of an investment into chosen areas suitable for houses and includes suggestions of other parameters that could be added into the analysis.

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26

Ziekow, Holger. "RFID integration into enterprise software environments : a technical and economical analysis with use cases from manufacturing /." Berlin : Logos, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3228196&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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27

Ziekow, Holger. "RFID integration into enterprise software environments a technical and economical analysis with use cases from manufacturing." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992154960/04.

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28

Zaccaro, Vito Lorenzo. "Timber-concrete hybrid innovations : A framework to evaluate economical and technical factors for the construction market." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsmaterial, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210045.

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Nowadays, the focus of the construction market is on sustainability aspects, for which purpose, the employment of wood seems promising. Nevertheless, in countries having high potentiality like Sweden, the timber construction market finds difficulties in growing. The reason lies in the lack of standards for design and industrialization and on the strong competition of the concrete industry. The timber-concrete hybrid solution is presented in this study as a solution beneficial for both the timber and the concrete markets: the former would benefit of a pulling action towards standardization and larger market, while the latter would fulfil the environment-friendly requirements and better differentiate in the competitive landscape. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to provide a framework to evaluate innovations in construction market, highlighting the characteristic issues related to the matching of timber and concrete constructions, and detecting the main economic and technical factors to help in the decision-making process. This framework will help to organize and evaluate all the information and the boundary conditions about the introduction of a concrete-timber hybrid construction solution, which eventually would enhance the timber construction market itself through a preliminary association with concrete market. Firstly, some consideration on the market areas and on the general perceptions towards the timber construction are presented; then, the focus is moved onto the dynamics of concrete and timber supply chains, highlighting similarities, diversities, and possible reciprocal benefits, to finally detect the market indicators to be considered for a decision-making path related to the timber-concrete hybrid construction. From the technical side, a conceptual design is proposed, considering the industrialization of such hybrid solution. Annex A shows how standardization and modularity of the products would enable compatibility and interchangeability between timber and concrete, on account of the open system within the construction market. Annex B displays a schematic picture of how the exploitation of timber and concrete’ properties, with the industrialization of these two materials, can be best employed for a hybrid building. A preliminary technical evaluation of the timber-concrete hybrid is carried out by dividing the building into modular units and focusing on the main systems (horizontal loadbearing system, vertical loadbearing system, external envelope, inner partitions), while making consideration on structural design, fire protection, building technology details, building service systems integration, construction plan, and costs. The innovations within the construction market are often hindered by the fear to undertake a high-risk project. The proposed framework allows to increase the awareness on the general factors to be evaluated, and to undertake a gradual adoption of the “new” timber construction solution. The key points underlying the whole timber-concrete hybrid problem are standardization and modularity, necessary for a quality-oriented production. Further studies need to be carried out with an applicative intent: application of the general framework to real cases and pilot projects; automatic tools for the design and construction optimization including economic and technical factors; innovative and original hybrid solutions, which better exploit the timber-concrete synergy.

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29

Lindkvist, Jonas. "Social, Economical and Technical Evaluation of a reverse osmosis drinking water plant in the Stockholm Archipelago." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32777.

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The drinking water plant in this case study is a combined groundwater and reverse osmosisplant in the Stockholm archipelago. The reverse osmosis purification step was added to theplant in 1995. This technique is relatively new in Sweden and there are possibilities for it tobecome a good complement to conventional drinking water treatment. The plant has used thistechnique for over 10 years with good results. It is therefore of great interest to evaluate anddocument it for the possibility to implement this technique in areas not connected toconventional drinking water production.Reverse osmosis separates the incoming water to a clean permeate and concentrate ofremoved particles, larger molecules and ions. This technique has a high purification degree. Itcan remove dissolved particles and microorganisms without disinfection. However, it isrelatively expensive due to a high electricity consumption compared to conventional drinkingwater treatment. The high electricity consumption in this kind of system depends on aphenomenon called membrane fouling caused by the constituents in the raw water, graduallybecoming enriched on the membrane surface.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and document a drinking water plant in the Stockholmarchipelago from a social, economical, technical and environmental perspective. A socialsurvey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to reveal opinions about the water qualityprovided by the plant. The economical evaluation was done to estimate the cost of drinkingwater production and find the water cost in Kr/m3. The technical part involved documentationof the plant layout and evaluation of its performance. To assess the performance historicalchemical and microbial analyses were evaluated. A mass balance was attempted to drawconclusions for the overall system. The environmental part of the plant assessment, includedan estimate of the electricity and chemicals use in the plant.The results revealed that from an overall perspective the water quality from the plant issatisfactory with some concerns about metal taste and turbidity that sometimes occur. Thepotential presence of dangerous algal toxins in the water was also a concern. The totalproduction cost in Kr/m3 is higher than expected and higher than sales price. In technicalterms, the plant has functioned well. However, there is a need to monitor more parameters inthe plant including; more flow parameters, concentrations of added chemicals and more waterquality parameters. Electricity consumption has been higher than expected. Control(throttling) valves in the brine reject are relatively large energy consumers and arecommendation is to investigate potential savings by changing them for pressure exchangevalves.
www.ima.kth.se

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Lu, Bin. "Use of Technical Condition Indicators as Basis for Residual Useful Life Assessments." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26328.

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This thesis is of service to realize residual useful life assessment. Everything in the world deteriorates over time. To know the residual useful life of a piece of equipment contributes to optimal decision-making on its usage time and discards. The rewarding also lies in reduced maintenance cost. For the application of industry process, a novel approach is proposed to define the term residual useful life, making efforts to satisfy diverse criterion on evaluation of equipment usefulness. In current research findings the definition of residual useful life varies. For maintenance purposes, residual useful life is explained by using diagnostics and prognostics, which are critical elements in condition based maintenance. In the domain of reliability, residual useful life is interpreted with probability theory, where mean residual life and conditional survival probability are frequently utilized.Rotating equipment is concentrated in which state-of-the-art models and methods for residual useful life assessment are investigated in this thesis. Residual useful life assessment techniques are dependent on deterministic, probabilistic and combined models in representing deterioration behaviors on various types of equipment. Apart from statistical theory, vibration signals, lubrication oil condition and acoustic noise signals are principal elements for the assessment. A stereotyped residual useful life assessment procedure consists of two interdependent stages, off-line deterioration model learning and on-line prognostic model training. In the best of circumstances, the sufficient raw data for the assessment are acquired through run-to-failure tests. The targeted systems for case study are AC generators and gas turbines served for oil and gas production in Kristin field. Statistical techniques are employed to process and analyze notification data of generators. The regression analysis shows an unimportant relationship between notification date and failure impact. Statistical trend tests do not verify the existence of any monotonic rate of occurrence of failures on AC generators. Vibration data analysis of the gas turbine does not provide monotonic information where residual useful life assessment models could be applied for. The notifications are not demonstrating a systematic pattern. Failures of AC generators and gas turbines are tend to be random. Challenges and recommendations are pointed out for Statoil to execute residual useful life assessment based on current situations. Lubrication oil condition monitoring is strongly recommended in this aspect.Procedures to realize maintenance optimization are demonstrated as a theoretical case study. Markov state model with inspection and block replacement policy are employed to construct cost models on maintenance optimization. With assumed cost elements, an optimal maintenance program is proposed. The analytic process is practically valuable to verify whether the regular inspection is the optimum maintenance strategy.

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Danielsson, Jesper, and Johannes Elamzon. "Development of a Technical, Economical and Environmental Sustainable Solar Oven Technology – A Field Study in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1421.

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Large environmental, health, social and economical problems are connected with the use of

fossil fuels and, in a dominating part of the world, also the use of firewood. The goal for this

project was to develop and design an optimal solar oven system intended for food cooking

and water pasteurisation. Further the advantages and disadvantages, compared with other

energy resources were evaluated. Tests were carried out in Sweden as well as in Sri Lanka.

An extensive range of prototypes were tested and sifted out to a small number of designs that

were tested in Sri Lanka. A large number of evaluations and tests were carried out on many

different materials, among others tests were conducted according to the international standard

“Testing and Reporting Solar Cooker Performance ASAE S580 JAN03”.

The report shows a number of benefits compared to previous reports on the subject, for

example the development of indoor tests, the extensiveness and objectiveness of the tests, and

the fact that the report combines extensive practical test results with solid theoretical

background information.

The test resulted in two solar ovens with the same parabolic design but made out of different

materials. One oven is cheaper, simpler to produce and is considered for the target group poor

people in developing countries. This is made out of a corrugated cardboard that is covered

with aluminium foil. The second oven is more expensive but also more durable and is

intended for more wealthy people in the west that wants a good alternative to regular ways of

cooking food. It is made out of aluminium plate and mirrors.

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Salgado, Eveline Viana. "Technical and economical response of cunhÃ crop to water and phosphate fertilizer in the curu valley, CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5230.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
This study had as its objective to study the effect of water depths and phosphorus levels and their interaction on productivity and economic components of the production cunhÃ (Clitoria ternatea L.). The experiment was conducted at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm in Pentecoste - CearÃ in the period of september 2007 to March 2008. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with split plots, composed of four primary treatments in the plots, four secondary treatments in subplots and four blocks. The treatments is the combination of four irrigation depths (W1 = 615.2 mm; W2 = 605.1 mm; W3 = 540.6 mm; W4 = 365.6 mm) with four levels of phosphate fertilizer (P0 = 0; P1 = 150; P2 = 300; P3 = 450 kg ha-1de P2O5). The crop was established in the field in the spacing of 0.40 m x 0.40 m, being irrigated by a conventional spraying system (Line Source Sprinkler System), with frequency of five days. As results, the factor of production water influenced to a significance level of 1.3% the forage green mass, however, the factor of production phosphorus and the interaction between the two factors showed no significant difference between treatments at 5% level of probability. The maximum yield was estimated 73726.7 kg ha-1mm-1, obtained with the application of 700.4 mm of water and 86.74 kg ha-1 phosphorus. The factor of production water had been limiting the efficiency of cunha, that is not happening with the factor of production phosphorus. The average productivity of water presented no change to the levels of phosphorus, the same occurred with the water depths exceeding 540 mm.
O estudo teve como objetivo estudar o efeito das lÃminas de Ãgua e dos nÃveis de fÃsforo e sua interaÃÃo sobre a produtividade econÃmica e componentes de produÃÃo da cunhÃ (Clitoria ternatea L.). O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, CearÃ, no perÃodo de setembro de 2007 a marÃo de 2008. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, composto de quatro tratamentos primÃrios nas parcelas, quatro tratamentos secundÃrios nas subparcelas e quatro blocos. Os tratamentos constituÃram-se da combinaÃÃo de quatro lÃminas de Ãgua (W1=615,2 mm; W2=605,1 mm; W3=540,6 mm e W4=365,6 mm) e quatro nÃveis de adubaÃÃo fosfatada (P0=0; P1=150; P2=300; P3=450 kg.ha-1 de P2O5). A cultura foi estabelecida no campo com espaÃamento de 0,40 m x 0,40 m, irrigada por um sistema de aspersÃo convencional âLine Source Sprinkler Systemâ, com freqÃÃncia de cinco dias. Conforme resultados obtidos, o fator de produÃÃo Ãgua influenciou em nÃvel de significÃncia de 1,3% a massa verde de forragem, no entanto, o fator de produÃÃo fÃsforo e a interaÃÃo entre os dois fatores nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas significativas entre os tratamentos em nÃvel de 5% de probabilidade. A produtividade mÃxima estimada foi de 73726,7 kg.ha-1mm-1, obtido com a aplicaÃÃo de 700,4 mm de Ãgua e 86,74 kg.ha-1 de fÃsforo. O fator de produÃÃo Ãgua se apresentou limitante ao rendimento da cunhÃ, o mesmo nÃo ocorrendo com o fator de produÃÃo fÃsforo. A produtividade mÃdia da Ãgua nÃo apresentou alteraÃÃo com os nÃveis de fÃsforo, o mesmo ocorrendo com os nÃveis de Ãgua superiores a 540 mm.

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FORNS, ALBUIXECH ALBA, and WILLIAM WISEMAN. "Framework for Project Due Diligence of Solar Photovoltaic Installations : Technical and Economical Assessment from a Lender’s Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301850.

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Climate change is no longer a problem of the future. Climate change is global, rapid, and intensifying. A reality. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report highlights the Anthropocene is behind the unprecedent rising temperatures, leading to extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, heavy precipitation, or tropical cyclones. Climate action must be taken. The energy transition plays a fundamental role when considering the wellbeing of the planet. However, renewable energy finance has always been a challenge. To date, the energy transition has been regrettably underfunded. In 2018, the global energy system was below 50 % of the investment required to keep global warming below 1.5 °C and avert the worst consequences of the climate crisis[4]. This staggering statistic clearly shows that financial investment needs to either be redirected to the energy transition, or new financing channels must be open. Seeds Renewables, a California-based startup, has come up with a solution which has the potential to cover a portion of the energy financing deficit by enabling people to invest in renewable energy projects from as little as their spare change. Before allowing their users to invest, Seeds carries out the due diligence of the projects to determine the feasibility of the installation. It is identified that there is a current lack of concise and public literature regarding the process required to determine the technical feasibility and economic profitability of projects. This thesis serves as a guide for lenders, such as Seeds Renewables, who aim to conduct techno-economic assessments on solar photovoltaic installations. This core objectiveis complemented by qualitative checklists for project development and legal due diligence to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors which surround the techno-economic analysis of solar arrays. Furthermore, the optimal software available in the market to carry out an analysis of solarphotovoltaic installation is identified. The thesis covers the background research conducted on solar photovoltaic systems, acompilation of project due diligence best practices, insights on renewable energy project finance anda literature review on photovoltaic analysis software tools which leads to the selection of two softwares. PVsol and PVsyst are compared by means of a Multi-Criteria Analysis. A case study is conducted on a 63.3 kW solar photovoltaic array installed in 2016 to test the selected softwares. The array is located on the roof of Rinaldi Tile in Pajaro, California, United States of America. The array is replicated using PVsol and PVsyst. Consequently, the simulation predictions are compared to the real production data extracted from the system’s inverter. The performance ratio from the real data, PVsol and PVsyst are 82.4 %, 85.9 %, 80.51 % respectively. The real quantity of power produced over a 5-year period of study is average of 82.24 MWh whilethe simulations by PVsol and PVsyst predict 93.49 MWh and 81.30 MWh respectively. The discrepancy between the real data and software results is due to limitations of both tools. After evaluating the accuracy of the solar PV simulation tools, the Multi-Criteria Analysis rates PVsyst as the more desirable tool. Using this study, engineers or investors will have a clear framework to follow when carrying out the project due diligence on a solar photovoltaic installation and a rating of the available softwaresto assess the viability of the solar arrays.
Klimatförändringarna är inte längre ett framtidsproblem. Klimatförändringarna är globala, snabba och intensifierande. En verklighet. Den senaste Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) rapporten visar att Antropocen ligger bakom de aldrig tidigare skådade temperaturerna, vilket leder till extrema väderhändelser som värmeböljor, torka, kraftig nederbörd eller tropiska cykloner. Klimatåtgärder måste vidtas. Energiomställningen spelar en grundläggande roll när man överväger planetens välbefinnande. Finansiering av förnybar energi har dock alltid varit en utmaning. Hittills har energiomställningen tyvärr varit underfinansierad. År 2018 låg det globala energisystemet under 50% av investeringarna som krävs för att hålla den globala uppvärmningen under 1,5 ° C och avvärja de värstakonsekvenserna av klimatkrisen [4]. Denna häpnadsväckande statistik visar tydligt att finansiella investeringar antingen måste omdirigeras till energiomställningen eller att nya finansieringskanaler måste vara öppna. Seeds Renewables, en Kalifornienbaserad startup, har kommit fram till en lösning som har potential att täcka en del av energifinansieringsunderskottet genom att göra det möjligt för människor att investera i förnybara energiprojekt från så lite som deras växel. Innan de tillåter sina användare att investera, utför Seeds projektets due diligence -analys för att avgöra genomförbarheten av installationen. Det identifieras att det för närvarande saknas kortfattad och offentlig litteratur om processen som krävs för att bestämma projektens tekniska genomförbarhet och ekonomiska lönsamhet. Denna avhandling fungerar som en vägledning förlångivare, till exempel Seeds Renewables, som syftar till att göra tekno-ekonomiska bedömningar avsolcellsanläggningar. Detta kärnmål kompletteras med kvalitativa checklistor för projektutvecklingoch juridisk due diligence för att ge en övergripande överblick över de faktorer som omger den tekno-ekonomiska analysen av solsystem. Dessutom identifieras den optimala programvara som finns tillgänglig på marknaden för att utföra en analys av solcellsinstallation. Avhandlingen omfattar bakgrundsforskning på solcellssystem, en sammanställning av bästa praxis för aktsamhet, insikter om projektfinansiering för förnybar energi och en litteraturgenomgång om programvara för fotovoltaiska analyser som leder till val av två programvaror. PVsol och PVsyst jämförs med hjälp av en multikriterieanalys. En fallstudie genomförs på en solcellsanläggning på 63,3 kW installerad 2016 för att testa de utvalda programvarorna. Arrayen ligger på taket av Rinaldi Tile i Pajaro, Kalifornien, USA. Arrayen replikeras med PVsol och PVsyst. Följaktligen jämförs simuleringsprognoserna med de verkliga produktionsdata som extraherats från systemets inverter. Prestandakvoten från de verkliga uppgifterna, PVsol och PVsyst är 82.4 %, 85,9% respektive 80,51%. Den verkliga mängden kraft som produceras under en 5-års studieperiod är i genomsnitt 82,24 MWh medan simuleringarna av PVsol och PVsyst förutsäger 93,49 MWh respektive 81,30 MWh. Skillnaden mellan de verkliga data- och programvareresultaten beror på begränsningar för båda verktygen. Efter att ha utvärderat noggrannheten i solcells-PV-simuleringsverktygen med multikriterieanalysen bedöms Multi-Criteria Analysis PVsyst som det mer önskvärda verktyget. Med hjälp av denna studie kommer ingenjörer eller investerare att ha en tydlig ram att följa när projektet genomförs due diligence på en solcellsanläggning och en bedömning av de tillgängliga programvarorna för att bedöma matrisernas livskraft.

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Givisiez, Arthur Gonçalves. "Technical and economical evaluation of combined cooling, heat and power technology: a brazilian study case considering different consumers." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7553.

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O mundo está tentando mudar para um ambiente de energia mais limpa, especialmente no setor de geração de eletricidade, que é responsável por uma grande parcela das emissões de CO2. No Brasil, fontes renováveis são responsáveis por grande parte da geração de eletricidade, mas mudanças atuais no clima brasileiro trouxeram uma necessidade de diversificação na matriz energética. Logo, a geração distribuída é uma boa maneira de diversificar a matriz energética brasileira. Considerando que os sistemas de cogeração se enquadram na geração distribuída, e que os prédios brasileiros necessitam de resfriamento, devido ao clima quente, o uso de cogeração adicionado à um chiler de absorção ou absorção pode ser muito útil. O sistema de trigeração é um processo altamente eficiente, que pode produzir eletricidade, aquecimento e resfriamento a partir da mesma fonte de energia primária. No entanto, existem poucas pesquisas sobre os sistemas de trigeração no Brasil, especialmente em pequena e micro escala. Assim, esta dissertação fará uma avaliação técnica e econômica de sistemas de micro e trigeração para diferentes edifícios sob políticas tarifárias distintas no Brasil. Para tanto, este trabalho otimizará o dimensionamento e o cronograma de despacho mensal dos sistemas de trigeração para cada um dos quatro estudos de caso. Em seguida, avaliará o valor presente líquido máximo (VPL) considerando a variação da taxa de desconto e da taxa de conversão do dólar norte-americano. Na sequência, o índice de dependência da rede (GDI), o payback descontado, o custo nivelado da energia (LCOE) e a razão da energia primária (PER) para os melhores VPLs serão apresentados e analisados. Como resultado, esta dissertação mostrará que as plantas de trigeração podem ser lucrativas e certamente ser uma maneira eficiente de utilização de uma geração distribuída confiável e controlável. Além disso, provará que é possível encontrar situações em que a planta de trigeração possa oferecer uma alta taxa de energia primária (PER), um adequado custo de energia nivelado (LCOE) e, ao mesmo tempo, pode proporcionar economia financeira com tempo de retorno razoável em edifícios brasileiros.
The world is trying to move to a cleaner energy environment, especially on the electricity generation sector, which is responsible for a large share of CO2 emissions. In Brazil,crenewable energy sources are responsible for a great part of the electricity generation, but current changes in the Brazilian climate brought a necessity of diversification on the energy matrix. Then, distributed generation is a good way to diversify the Brazilian power matrix. Considering that cogeneration systems are distributed generation, and Brazilian buildings have need of cooling, due to the warm weather, the use of cogeneration equipped with an absorption or adsorption chiller could be beneficial. The trigeneration system is a highly efficient process, which can produce electricity, heating and cooling from the same primary energy source. However, there are really few researches concerning trigeneration systems in Brazil, especially on small and micro plants. Thus, this thesis will make and provide a technical and economical evaluation of small and micro trigeneration systems to different buildings under distinct tariff policies in Brazil. To do so, this work will optimize the sizing and monthly schedule the dispatch of the trigeneration systems to each one of the four study cases. Then, it will evaluate the maximum net present value (NPV) considering the variation of discount rate and US Dollar conversion rate. In the sequence, the grid dependence index (GDI), the discounted payback, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the primary energy ratio (PER) to the best NPVs will be presented and analysed. As a result, this thesis will show that trigeneration plants can be profitable and can be certainly an efficient way to adopt a reliable and controllable distributed generation. Also, it will prove that it is possible to find situations in which the trigeneration plant can offer a high primary energy ratio, a fair levelized cost of energy, and in the meantime, it can provide financial savings with fair payback time in Brazilian buildings.

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Háva, Karla. "Porovnání různých způsobů stanovení výchozí ceny pro ocenění rodinných domů nákladovým způsobem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232542.

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This thesis presents a comparison of different methods of determining the default price for family house by using cost valuation method. Here are compared the default rates found in specific houses by itemized budget, calculating according to technical and economic indicator and obtained under the Ministry of Finance to implement certain provisions of Act No. 151/1997 Coll. Using charts and graphs shows the results for valuation individual houses and their variances. The aim is determine the price shares of construction and equipment of the itemized budget of houses created for this work and compare them to share price valuation in the annex to the Decree Ministry of Finance, perhaps to make an attention to differences or shortcomings in price share valuation announcement.

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Шевчун, Дмитро Юрійович. "Ливарний комплекс машинобудівного заводу з розробленням технологій виготовлення виливків різними способами лиття". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/42993.

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Дисертація складається з: 115 стор.;11 рис.; 21 табл.; 25 посилань. У проекті проектується ливарний цех потужністю 1000 тонн придатних виливків на рік із такого металу як сплави марок 20Л 25Л 35Л та 40ХЛ. Розробляється технологічний процес виготовлення виливка «Колесо» масою 410 кг з металу марки 35Л та другого виливка «Кришка» масою 0,9 кг з металу марки 25Л. Результати проектування – розроблена технологія виливку «Колесо» литтям у разові піщано-глинясті форми та технологія виливку «Кришка» литтям за моделями, що витоплюються. Виконано технічне планування відділення ливарного цеху та ливарного устаткування. При проектуванні відділеннь проведено аналіз необхідності устаткування, виконано розрахунок організаційних та економічних чинників, результатом яких є обчислення заробітної плати робітників(основних та допоміжних), витрати на амортизацію устаткування та енергетичні ресурси, що застосовуються для прискорення виробничого процесу. Згідно нормативних документів враховано всі заходи щодо безпеки життєдіяльності працівників та приділено увагу до збереження екологічності навколишнього середовища, за допомогою встановлення запобігаючих засобів біля устаткування та встановлення притяжних витяжок в конструкції будівлі та безпосередньо у відділенні фінішних операцій.
The dissertation consists of: 115 pages; 11 figs .; 21 tables; 25 links. The project envisages a foundry with a capacity of 1000 tons of suitable castings per year from such metal as alloys of grades 20L 25L 35L and 40HL. The technological process of making the casting "Wheel" weighing 410 kg from 35L metal and the second casting "Cover" weighing 0.9 kg from 25L metal is being developed. The results of the design – the technology of casting "Wheel" by casting in disposable sand-clay molds and the technology of casting "Cover" by casting on melted models. The technical planning of the foundry department and foundry equipment was performed. When designing the departments, an analysis of the need for equipment, the calculation of organizational and economic factors, the result of which is the calculation of wages (basic and auxiliary), depreciation costs of equipment and energy resources used to accelerate the production process. According to the regulations, all measures for the safety of life of employees are taken into account and attention is paid to preserving the environmental friendliness of the environment by installing precautions near the equipment and installing hoods in the building structure and directly in the finishing department.

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Klimavičius, Domas. "FOREX trading strategy formation using technical analysis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100628_092925-58159.

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Анотація:

FOREX technical analysis indicators, their characteristics and capabilities are researched in this final master thesis. The main goal of this thesis is to determine if technical analysis indicators can recognise patterns in price movements and if they can predict future price movement. The first part of the thesis presents with FOREX theoretical aspects, its characteristics and participants. In the second part of the thesis FOREX analysis tools are overviewed, focusing on technical analysis. Most popular technical analysis indicators are analyzed. The third part of the thesis provides with the essentials of FOREX trading strategy creation using technical analysis. In the fourth part the FOREX trading strategy using technical analysis is created and tested. The results of the trading strategy are presented and analyzed. Last part of the thesis contains the summary of the thesis, conclusions and suggestions. Thesis has 6 parts: introduction, theoretical and practical sections, conclusions and suggestions, references. Structure: introduction, theoretical and practical sections, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 66 p. text without appendixes, 23 pictures, 5 tables, 62 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.
Šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjami FOREX rinkos analizei naudojami techniniai indikatoriai, jų savybės bei galimybės. Pagrindinis baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra nustatyti, ar techninės analizės indikatoriai gali nustatyti vaiutų kainų kitimo pasikartojančius modelius ir ar jie gali numatyti kainų judėjimą ateityje. Pirmojoje baigiamojo darbo dalyje pristatomi teoriniai FOREX rinkos aspektai, jos dalyviai bei charakteristika. Antrojoje baigiamojo darbo dalyje apžvelgiami FOREX analizės įrankiai, išskiriant techninę analizę. Aprašomi populiariausi techninės analizės indikatoriai. Trečiojoje baigiamojo darbo dalyje nagrinėjami pagrindiniai prekybos FOREX rinkoje strategijos kūrimo naudojant techninę analizę elementai. Ketvirtojoje baigiamojo darbo dalyje kuriama ir testuojama prekybos FOREX rinkoje strategija naudojant techninę analizę. Pateikiami prekybos strategijos rezultatai bei jų analizė. Paskutinėje baigiamojo darbo dalyje, remiantis gautais rezultatais, pateikiamos išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, teorinė, praktinė dalys, išvados ir siūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 66 p. teksto be priedų, 23 iliustr., 5 lent., 62 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai.

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Karat, Irma. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for removal of COD from pulp and paper mill effluents : A Technical, Economical and Environmental Evaluation." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121350.

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In Sweden, the dominating source for emissions of degradable organic substances to water is the pulp and paper industry. The organic substances increase oxygen consumption in the recipient which subsequently threatens aquatic species. Improved process engineering, process closures and use of external treatments have in recent years drastically lowered the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). However, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) has not been reduced to the same extent, as some organic substances are more persistent and must be treated with more advanced techniques. Chemical precipitation, which can bind large parts of the remaining COD into solid matter, making it possible to be removed from the effluent by various separation technologies, contributes to an efficient COD removal. However, the direct operating cost for the treatment is high as large amount of chemicals are used in the process, and large quantities of sludge generated. In the near future EU pulp and paper industry will have to meet new regulatory demands on COD discharges, and pulp mills in Asia, South-America and Oceania will meet stringent discharge demands. It is therefore of interest to review alternative treatments in regards to technical, environmental and economical feasibility in the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewaters. Much interest has been shown for Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP), which is why these techniques have been evaluated in this thesis. The first part of the report consists of a literature review where processes with the following oxidants have been reviewed: 1. Ozone (O3); 2. Ozone + Hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2); 3. Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/ H2O2); 4. Ozone + Ultraviolet light (O3/UV); 5. Hydrogen peroxide + Ultraviolet light (H2O2/UV); 6. Photo-Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/ H2O2/UV); 7. Titanium dioxide + Ultraviolet light (TiO2/UV). Ozone treatment (1) and ozone in combination with hydrogen peroxide (2) were chosen for further experimental studies. The experiments were conducted at Wedecos (Xylem Water Solutions) laboratory in Germany and tested on wastewater from three different Swedish mills: A, B and C. The experimental results indicate that treatment with ozone is an efficient method for elimination of COD from pulp and paper mill wastewaters. A relatively high COD reduction (41 % for Mill A, 31% for Mill B and 53% for Mill C) was achieved for all wastewaters with an applied ozone dosage of 0.2g O3/L, without an appreciable impact on other parameters such as pH, N-tot, NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, P-tot and PO43-. There are indications that the nature of the wastewater has an impact on the COD removal efficiency and that TMP wastewater is easier to oxidize in comparison to wastewater from sulphate mills. The combination with hydrogen peroxide did not show any further COD reduction compared to ozone treatment alone, thus confirming the results Ko et al. showed in their study in 2009. Oxidation with ozone is seen as more environmental alternative in comparison to chemical treatment (precipitation/flocculation) because contaminants in the wastewater are destructed rather than concentrated or transferred into a different phase, which leads to the decrease of COD, colour and toxicity without the need to handle large amounts of sludge. However, a subsequent biological treatment may be necessary for removal of BOD as a BOD increase is registered for all wastewater treated in this study. The costs are on the other hand higher in comparison to chemical treatment even though there are indications of cases when treatment with ozone can be profitable (e.g. if the cost for sludge handling increases in the future, price for chemicals increases and electricity price decreases). There are some uncertainties regarding the system and there is no clear evidence that toxic by-products are not formed. More research must be done and more full-scale installations must be reported before the pulp and paper industry is willing to invest in oxidation technology.
I Sverige, är massa- och pappersindustrin den dominerande utsläppskällan av nedbrytbart organiskt material till vatten. När det organiska materialet når recipienten ökar syreförbrukningen eftersom stora mängder syre erfordras för nedbrytningen av materialet. Detta leder i sin tur till att de vattenlevande organismerna hotas och utsätts för syrebrist. Förbättrad processteknik, ökad processlutning och utbyggnad av extern avloppsvattenrening har under de senaste åren drastiskt sänkt den biokemiska syreförbrukningen (BOD). Däremot har den kemiska syreförbrukningen (COD) inte reducerats i samma utsträckning då delar av det organiska materialet är mer persistent och måste behandlas med mer avancerad teknik. Kemisk fällning kan idag binda stora delar av det kvarvarande COD till fast material som sedan kan avlägsnas via olika separationsmetoder. En stor nackdel med den här typen av rening är att stora mängder kemikalier används som i sin tur genererar stora mängder slam som måste tas om hand, vilket introducerar höga driftkostnader. Inom en snar framtid kommer massa- och pappersbruk inom EU att möta nya regulatoriska krav för COD utsläpp, och bruk i Asien, Sydamerika och Oceanien kommer även de att möta väldigt hårda utsläppskrav. Det är därför av intresse att granska alternativa reningsmetoder och utvärdera dess tekniska, miljömässiga och ekonomiska genomförbarhet vid behandling av avloppsvatten från massa- och pappersbruk. Mycket intresse har visats för Avancerade Oxidationsprocesser (AOP), varför dessa tekniker valts att utvärderas i detta examensarbete. Första delen av rapporten innefattar en litteraturstudie där processer med följande oxidanter studerats: 1. Ozon (O3); 2. Ozon + Väteperoxid (O3/H2O2); 3. Fenton’s reagens (Fe2+/ H2O2); 4. Ozon + Ultraviolett ljus (O3/UV); 5. Väteperoxid + Ultraviolett ljus (H2O2/UV); 6. Foto-Fenton’s reagens (Fe2+/ H2O2/UV); 7. Titaniumdioxid + Ultraviolett ljus (TiO2/UV). Utav dessa valdes ozon behandling (1) och ozon i kombination med väteperoxid (2) för vidare experimentella studier. Behandlingarna har utförts vid Wedecos (Xylem Water Solutions) laboratorium i Tyskland och undersökts på avloppsvatten från tre olika svenska bruk; A , B och C. Experimentella resultat tyder på att ozonering är effektiv behandlingsmetod för reducering av COD i avloppsvatten från massa- och pappersbruk. En relativt hög COD reducering (41% för bruk A, 31% för bruk B, och 53% för bruk C) uppvisades för samtliga avloppsvatten med en tillämpad ozondosering på 0.2 g O3/L, utan någon märkbar inverkan på andra parametrar så som pH, N-tot, NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, P-tot och PO43-. Det förekommer indikationer om att typ av avloppsvatten har en inverkan på COD reduktionen och att TMP avloppsvatten är lättare att oxidera i jämförelse mot avloppsvatten från sulfatmassabruk. Kombinationen av ozon och väteperoxid uppvisade ingen ytterligare COD reduktion i jämförelse mot ozon som enda oxidant, och bekräftade därmed de resultat Ko et al. uppvisade i sin studie 2009. Ozonering ses som ett miljövänligare alternativ till kemisk rening (fällning/flockning) eftersom föroreningarna i vattnet destrueras istället för att koncentreras, vilket innebär att COD, färg och toxicitet kan minskas utan att stora mängder slam genereras. Dock kan en efterföljande biologisk behandling vara nödvändig för avskiljning av BOD då en BOD ökning uppvisats för samtliga avloppsvatten i denna studie i takt med att COD brutits ned till lättnedbrytbart biologisk material. Kostnaderna är däremot höga i jämförelse mot kemisk fällning även om det förekommer indikationer på fall när behandlingen kan vara lönsam (t ex om slamhanteringskostnaderna blir högre i framtiden, inköpspriset för kemikalier ökar och elpriset sjunker). Det råder vissa tveksamheter gällande systemet och det finns inga konkreta bevis på att toxiska biprodukter inte bildas. Mer forskning måste utföras och fler fullskaliga installationer måste rapporteras och innan massa- och pappersindustrin är villig att investera i oxidationstekniken.

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Norell, Clara. "Renewable energy – and water system in South Africa, as part of RDP-housing projects. Economical, technical and ecological comparison." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20887.

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SammanfattningDenna studie syftar till att undersöka tekniska möjligheter, kunskaper samtviljan till ett byggande för hållbar utveckling i SydafrikaFörfattaren har genom MFS (mindre fältstudie) undersökt möjligheternaför att skapa mer hållbara hus ekologiska hus, för att sedermera kunna skapa"ekobyar" istället för som det idag, fortfarande byggs enligt den förlegadeapartheidarkitekturens struktur; "one house one plot township".The Department of Housing har sedan 1994 byggt över 2.6 miljoner husför över 14 miljoner hushåll. Dessa hus benämns RDP-hus (renewaldevelopment programme) och byggs för att levereras till den absolut fattigastebefolkningen med en viss mängd gratis elektricitet (75kwh) liksom vatten (8klkranvatten, l lkl avloppsvatten).I Sydafrika ägs, projekteras och genomförs RDP-husprojektprogram av deseparata kommunerna på uppdrag liksom subventionerade pengar frånregeringen. RDP-husens standard är oehört låg och totalakostnaden/subventionen ligger på R70555 I hus med en tillhörande mindre markjord/trädgård. Hushåll med gemensam inkomst på under R3500/månad har rättatt ansöka om ett RDP-hus hos konununen. När ett hushåll tilldelats ett RDPhus,ses det efter 8 år som ägare till huset och är därmed även ansvarig förunderhåll och skötsel av huset. Hushåll med gemensam månatlig inkomst påunder R2020/månad kan även ansöka om subventionerad distribution av vattenochelektricitet. Hushållen har rätt till:• 8kl kranvatten• 1 lkl avloppsvatten• service såsom sophämtning• 75kwh elektricitet.(NMMB, 2009; Schalk Potgieter, 2009)Studien kommer endast fokusera på nämnd inkomstgrupp med inkluderandesubventioner.När det subventionerade vattnet är förbrukat påbörjas en vattenräkning.Dessa räkningar kan sällan betalas utan avskrives istället efter en viss tid förindividen. Istället får kommunen stå för kostnaderna. P.g.a. okunskap om attvatten inte är en förnybar källa, leder det ofta även till stora slöseri er av vatten."Renewable energy – and water system in South Africa, as part of RDP-housingprojects. Economical, technical and ecological comparison. Clara Norell, 2010 "Enligt Stan Grunewald, vatten- och elektricitet avdelning i Port Elizabeths (PE)kommun, har PE ett årligt "slöseri/svinn" av vatten som kostar kommunen över70 miljoner Rand. (Stan Grunewald, 2009)När den subventionerade elektriciteten förbrukats måste brukareninförskaffa förköpt elkod i jämförelse med kontantkort för mobiltelefon. Harhushållet ingen ekonomisk möjlighet att köpa ny el, leder detta ofta till attmänniskor i nödsituationer kapar elkablar. Dvs. de klipper av en elkabel, oftaden hängande varianten, och drar in den i sitt hus. Detta är livsfarligt, människordör årligen pga. av detta. Det leder även till större elavbrott där stora ytor avelbrukare, trafiksignaler etc. slås ut.Problem med de RDP-hus som byggs idag är således ekologiska,ekonomiska samt säkerhetsmässigt hälsofarliga.Studien syftar till att skapa mer miljövänliga, hållbara samt på lång siktäven mer ekonomiska RDP-hus, därmed även en helt ny fonn avbostadsutveckling i Sydafrikas sk kåkstäder.Studien vill inspirera för samtliga nybyggnationer av RDP-housingprojects att komplettera tillhörande vattentank för uppsamling av vatten (attbrukas för allt utom dricksvatten), solvattenbehållare for uppvännning avvannvatten, gasspis, LED-lampor for inomhusbruk samt separerade toaletter.Där urinen används som irrigation för den privata trädgården och avföringtillsammans med hushållets kompostering, hämtas 1 ggr/vecka, förframställning av gödsel för separat lott som gemensamt används likt enkolonilott.l denna form av husprojekt är det viktigt med intresserade hyresgäster samtkontinuerliga workshops för att få igång en bredare kunskap kring sopor och vårjord. Exempel på workshops:• Jordbruks utveckling• plantskola• sopsortering• kompostering.Studien fokuserar på utformning, design samt val av material för hustypen.Genom att duplicera huset och tillsammans med hjälp av god fysisk planering,med tydliga riktlinjer, workshops samt entreprenörsskapsutbildning, skulle enhelt ny form av sarnhällsutveckling i Sydafrika kunna växa fram.Denna del kommer dock inte tas upp i studien, utan nämns istället som etteventuellt framtida arbetsuppdrag för författaren eller som inspiration för annanelev att ta vid att utföra som examensarbeteStudien undersöker kostnader över en tidsperiod på 15 år, för att jämföramed dagens sk. RDP-hus. En ekonomisk jämförelse, av den nya totalakonstruktionskostnaden med dagens RDP-hus på R77000. Därefter undersöksde två olika husens energiförbrukning över 15 år, för att göra en ekologiskjämförelse samt en kostnadsanalys på energiförbrukningen.Den ekonomiska skillnaden kommer möjligtvis inte särskilja sig mycketför den privata brukaren, däremot förhoppningsvis för kommunen och därmedäven för regeringen. Det konuner med största sannolikhet vara en ekologiskrevolutionerande skillnad för den privata brukaren likväl som för kommunenoch även då för hela jorden.Visionen är att mha. nya lösningar kunna minska användning avkolproducerad elektricitet samt kommunalt vatten för att komma till enekonomisk och ekologisk slutsats som visar att kommunen liksom regeringenkan spara miljöresurser liksom pengar. På så sätt kan märkta ekonomiskaresurser istället används till förbättring av hälsa, utbildning samt äldrevård.Visonen med studien är fungera som ett gott exempel och riktlinje, attpresenteras för kommuner i Sydafrika för att förhoppningsvis därefter kunnabyggas som testprojekt i stil med Sakhuluntu Village, Sool Plaatje SocialHousing projects; Hull Street, Moeschoe Village samt Hemporiums k01mnandeHemp Village.Studiens resultat visar på en stor realism i tesen. Vid implementation avvattentank för dagvattenhantering samt SWH för uppvärmning av varmvatten,skulle de Sydafrikanska RDP-hushållen efter en tidsperiod på 15 år bli merhållbara. Således skulle den Sydafrikanska regeringen istället, försubventionering av vatten och elektricitet, kunna subventionera tekniskainstallationer som en del av RDP-husens standard subventioneradekonstruktions kostnad. Ekonomiska och mänskliga resurser skulle dännedistället kunna örornnärkas för förbättring av skol- och hälsosystem. Sydafrikasfolk skulle bli mer självförsörjande och deras hälsostatus skulle förbättras.De ekologiska besparingarna per hushåll blir efter 15 år; 47820 kWhkolproducerad el och 309kl kommunalt vatten. Ekonomiska besparingar perhushåll blir efter 15 år mer än 20000 rand.
SummaryThe aim of the case study is to investigate the possibilities of creating asustainable house within the Renewal Development Programme (RDP) housingprojects of South Africa (SA). RDP-houses are built by the municipalities of SAon order as well as on subsidy grant of the National Government of SA. Ahousehold can apply for three different kind of subsidies from the municipalitieswithin the Assistance to the Poor (ATTP); house, electricity and water (tap andsewage including services).The aim of the case study is to set up an economic cost specification forthe price of building a sustainable RDP-house; including a water tank forrainwater harvesting, Solar Water Heater (S WH) geyser (for heating up warmwater). The house will also include; LED-lighting, gas stove, separated toilets( urine, faeces ), compost of food, a small private garden as well as a separatedagricultural plot for a community with e.g. 100 households. The cost of thehouse will be compared to the cost ofthe RDP-houses that are built today (fixedtotal subsidy: R70555). Thereafter follows an investigation of the ecologicalfootprint, over a 15 year period, to compare the two different RDP-houseoptions. The aim is to create a sustainable house that can be more self sufficientand sustainable; in terms of the energy use and in terms of self sufficiency basedon food securi ty.Although not an economical difference for the people living in the house,but instead for the municipality and by that even for the government, it willindeed be an ecological difference for the user, the municipality as well as forthe environment ofthe world.Since the houses, electricity and water is handed out for free to a certaingroup of the poor population of SA, the municipalities stands for !hese costs. Ifthere could be a more sustainable RDP-housing process, the municipalitiescould instead use these resources on school and healthcare.When "households" and "people" are mentioned in the essay as an averagetenn, it is understood that it is the low income households and the people fromthe average South A frican townships.The results of the studies show a great realism in the thesis. Ifimplementing water tank for rain water harvesting as well as SWH for heatingof warm water, the South African RDP-households could after a period of 15years be more self sustainable. Consequently the SA government could insteadof subsidising water and electricity, consider to subsidies the implementation ofabove mentioned technical equipment as a part of the RDP-housing subsidisedprogrammes. Thereby the municipalities could target economical and humanresources for improvement of school- and health system. The South Africanpeople would be self empowered and their health status would thereby improve.The ecological savings per household after 15 years would be 4 7820k Wh coalproducedelectricity and 309 kl municipal water. The economical savings wouldafter 15 years, per household be more than R20000.

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Bätje, Fabian [Verfasser]. "Empirical essays on stock return predictability using macroeconomic variables and technical indicators / Fabian Bätje." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137062231/34.

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Montone, Diego. "When technical indicators predict short-term reversal." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/26195.

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I went through the history of some of the most successful trading rules from the 80s in the US market. Then, combining them, I created a strategy based on picking the best stocks for the next month. It has underperformed the benchmark heavily, generating the worst portfolio of the entire pool of stocks. Therefore, I analyze short-term reversal as explanation. The same could also justify why the worst predicted performer portfolio is the one that does best. This shows that, when too many investors go into the same direction of trades, the outcome is the existence of opportunities to exploit.

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SCHÖNBEKOVÁ, Lucie. "Fundamentální a technická analýza." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137009.

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The main objective of this diploma work is the application of various methods and indicators for fundamental and technical analysis on the data of H + S bussi, Ltd. company in the years 2006 - 2010 and based on the results obtained to evaluate the financial situation of the company. The first part of this work provides information problems of fundamental and technical analysis. The second part focuses on the characteristics of the enterprise itself and the methods of evaluation of financial health.

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Маковійчук, В. В. "Стратегія технічного розвитку підприємства". Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7890.

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Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – є процеси технічного розвитку підприємств у сучасних умовах господарювання. У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти обґрунтування та розробка методичних і прикладних засад підвищення технічного розвитку підприємств в умовах перехідної економіки Проаналізовано динаміку основних техніко-економічних показників діяльності підприємства, розроблено стратегію технічного розвитку підприємства Запропоновано заходи, щодо реалізації стратегії технічного розвитку на досліджуваному підприємстві.
Thesis consists of three chapters. Object of study there are processes of technical development of enterprises in modern economic conditions. Diploma thesis deals with theoretical aspects of substantiation and development of methodical and applied principles for improving the technical development of enterprises in transition economies The dynamics of the main technical and economic indicators of the enterprise activity is analyzed, the strategy of technical development of the enterprise is developed The measures, concerning implementation of the strategy of technical development on the investigated enterprise are proposed

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Chen, Chia-jung, and 陳佳榮. "Pattern Recognition of Technical Analysis Indicators." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04630678061524753802.

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碩士
國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
100
In recent years technical analysis has been used more and more frequently. The original concept of technical analysis is built on history will be continue to repeat itself. Therefore, analysts and investors could predict the market price by observing the historical data. The idea of pattern recognition technology comes from face recognition systems. In the system, the analyst captures the facial features from the entrant and then quantifies the features as codes. Through the process of recognition, the analyst can confirm the identity of the entrant. Pattern recognition applies the idea to extract information encoded in the stock market characteristics and recognize the market with historical data. In the application, pattern recognition can be regarded as a pre-operation of the technical analysis. Users analyze the current information through pattern recognition and can further build the strategy. This model has 19 codes captured from two dimensions; the first is price, and the second is the trend of ups and downs. The empirical results for the decade in the weekly frequency trading strategy are an annual return of 31.57% and annual risk of 26.66%. After the deduction of trading fees, the strategy has an annual return of 14.94% and annual risk of 26.72%.

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Wang, Wei-Chun, and 王威鈞. "Using Price Barriers and Technical Indicators." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31756134791596087945.

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碩士
元智大學
管理研究所
89
Since one would preserve some popular stock indices, like DJIA or Nasdaq, their relevant information on relative price movements with a rescaling of the index, and would lose in the rescaling process only information regarding the particular numerical values assumed by the index. In particular, many people also assert that traders may “jump on the bandwagon” of buying (selling) once the stock index breaks up (down) through a “psychologically important” level, and suggest that the crossing of one of these sentiment-induced barriers may push the index up (down) more than others. Frequently used phrases such as “support level” and “resistance level” also imply that, until such time as the psychologically important barrier is broken, increases and decreases in the stock index may be restrained so as to prevent crossing of the barrier level. In this study, we can divide into two sections. First, the barriers hypothesis is formalized and three statistical tests for the presence of pricing barriers in stock indices are presented. Second, we used price barrier’s effect and some popular technical analysis rules, such as moving average, Bias, RSI, MACD, KD, PSY, OBV, WMS, to test if these technical signals can forecast the stock return and significantly beat the buy-and-hold strategy return. As the most widely reported of all stock market indices, we choose Dow Jones Industrial Average, NASDAQ, NIKKEI225, and Taiwan Weighted Stock Index to test the presence of psychological pricing barriers, and examine the ability of the trading rules to predict variation in expected daily returns. As the result, only NASDAQ has the possible existence of barriers to price movements in the daily closing values. Based on this predictive ability and after accounting for transaction costs, the technical analysis can’t achieve consistently higher than the returns for a buy-and-hold policy.

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Tabrizi, Kamran Mazhari. "Technical and economical feasibility of integrated salmon and kelp production system." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3374.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of Laminaria saccharina culture near asalmon netpen farm. A computer model was developed to make this assessment. The availability of ammonia nitrogen from the netpens and its diffusion into the kelp were included in the model. Laminaria production is based on nitrogen availability, light and water temperature. Light intensity, including its availability and attenuation, was incorporated into a submodel. This submodel could be used to manage the light intensity on a kelp farm (i.e. by changing the depth of kelp ropes). Based on model predictions, a Laminaria farm containing 10 60m ropes on each end of a salmon netpen farm is technically feasible and is fertilized by the salmon farm. A yearly production of 1600kg of kelp (dry basis) and a net profit of $20,000 are expected by this size of farm (selling price = $35 per kg dry mass). Kelp production on multiple salmon farms or with more kelp ropes could increase the overall net revenue of the owner. Larger-sized kelp farms may, however, need artificial fertilizer. The average rate of light radiation for good kelp growth should not exceed 100 µE m⁻² s⁻¹ and should not be less than 30 µE m⁻² s⁻¹. Light intensity for different depths and attenuation coefficients can be predicted by the light submodel, and thisinformation can be used as a kelp farm management tool. Light availability depends on the season of the year and water condition. By using this submodel, the optimum depth of a kelp raft for growth can be determined. A 47% reduction in light intensity is observed when light travels from a depth of 2 to 7 m (attenuation coefficient = 0.1 m⁻¹). A set of experiments was conducted at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans facilities (July-August 1991) to examine Laminaria growth at different salmon-effluent nitrogen concentrations and to validate the Laminaria growth model. The experiment was a model of an actual kelp farm near a netpen (i.e.similar water velocity and tidal effects). The model was validated for ammonia nitrogen concentrations of less than 5 AM. A direct relationship between growth rate, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrate availability was found. For a combined nitrogen concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate of 9.7 µM, a specific growth rate of 9% d⁻¹ was obtained. A second set of experiments was conducted to measure the oxygen consumption rate of the kelp. The results were used in the computer model to determine if kelp farms would cause an oxygen deficit for fish in the netpens at night. The consumption rate was found to be 0.024 mg 0₂ g kelp⁻¹ h⁻¹. This result was used in the model to compare oxygen availability versus oxygen consumption rate. The results from the model were used to show that for a 10x 60 m rope kelp farm, oxygen consumption at night was less than 1%of the oxygen available to the fish in the netpens. Therefore, oxygen consumption at night by a 10 x 60 m rope farm would not cause significant oxygen depletion for fish.

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47

Guimarães, José Heitor Machado Mesquita. "Data analytics applied to football and football players." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27626.

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O Futebol é o desporto mais popular do mundo e está a no decurso de um processo de implementação do analytics na tomada de decisão. Este estudo quantitativo tem como objetivo identificar um conjunto de Indicadores de Performance Técnicos para os jogadores de 7 posições diferentes e analisar o valor da sua performance agregada. As posições usadas são: Guarda-redes, Defesa Lateral e Central, Médio Centro, Ofensivo, Ala e Avançados. De forma a realizar estas análises, os dados de jogo relativos às ações técnicas dos jogadores da temporada de 2016/2017 da Primeira Liga foram extraidos de uma plataforma online e, com eles, uma base de dados foi criada no Access. A identificação dos indicadores foi conseguida com sucesso através de uma análise de clustering, que utilizou a técnica de K-Means e uma análise de quantis. Estes estudos revelaram 16 Indicadores de Performance Técnicos que variavam e tinham diferentes relevâncias de posição para posição. Seguidamente, um modelo de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) foi usado para compilar os indicadores técnicos e analizar o valor de performance agregada de cada jolgador, usando esse indicador compósito. Este último estudo apresentou resultados, contudo, devido a limitações relacionadas com o peso atribuído aos outputs, estes não são os mais precisos. O presente estudo teve como base o artigo académico de Hughes, et al. (2012), “Moneyball and soccer - an analysis of the key performance indicators of elite male soccer players by position” e tentou provar analiticamente o que só tinha sido empiricamente referido na literatura anterior.
Football is the most popular sport in the world and it is undergoing a process of implementing analytics in decision making. This quantitative study aims to identify a set of Technical Performance Indicators for players of 7 different positions and analyse the aggregate performance of the players of those positions. The positions used were: Goalkeeper, Full Back, Centre Back, Holding Midfielder, Attacking Midfielder, Wide Midfielder and Striker. To be able to conduct these analyses, the match data of the technical actions of the Portuguese Primeira Liga 2016/2017 season players were extracted from an online platform and an Access database was developed. The identification of the indicators was successfully achieved by a clustering analysis, which used the K-Means technique, and a quantile analysis. These studies revealed 16 Technical Performance Indicators that varied and had different values of relevance from position to position. Afterwards, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was used to compile the technical indicators and analyse the aggregated performance of the players using that composite indicator. This last study presented results, however, due to limitations related to the weight awarded to the outputs, they are not the most accurate. The present research study was based on the academic article from Hughes, et al. (2012), “Moneyball and soccer - an analysis of the key performance indicators of elite male soccer players by position” and it tried to prove analytically what was only empirically stated in literature before.

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48

Chih, Lam Hsien, and 林先志. "The Construction of Stock Trading Strategies Using Technical Indicators and Investor Sentiment Indicators." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74106626973892941683.

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碩士
東吳大學
財務工程與精算數學系
102
To achieve a better investment performance, investors should know more about the fundament analysis, investor sentiments, and technical analysis of the market. By way of the aid of investor sentiments indicators and technical analysis indicators, people can better know when to buy or sell stocks. This study used the Taiwan ETF stock (TW 0050) as the underlying asset of investment, and constructing stock trading strategies by using technical indicators and investor sentiment indicators. The empirical results showed that VIX index can predict the future stock returns. The performance of trading strategies based on VIX index is better than the buy-and-hold strategy in the bear market. In addition, the stop-loss mechanism is necessary, especially in the bear market.

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49

CHEN, PING TSUN, and 陳炳村. "Financial Distress Risk，Technical indicators， and Stock Returns." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02555929495502563372.

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碩士
東海大學
管理碩士在職專班
97
This study attempts to detect (1) the probability of financial distress of public companies and (2) the impact of financial distress on their future stock returns. In contrast to prior studies using financial ratios, I add a technical rule of stock price reaching historical minimum to logistic regressions. Using a sample of all Taiwanese companies during 1999-2006, I find that the technical rule has incremental explanatory power on future financial distress, indicating that past stock prices help to forecast corporate bankruptcy. I then separate companies evenly into five groups according to their distress probabilities and examine their 3-, 6-, and 9-month stock returns following the announcement day of financial reports. The result shows that distress probabilities can predict future 3- and 6-month returns, implying that firm-specific risk is related to stock price performance.

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50

kachon, Leong, and 梁嘉俊. "Application of Mid-price Technical Indicators on TXN." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3336t6.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
金融與合作經營學系
106
In the past, there are many literature regarding security investment in the way of using technical analysis. However, due to literature being written long time ago and using different technical analysis methods, this paper use modified technical indicators to backtest the performance of Taiwan's weighted stock index futures. In this study, the traditional moving average (MA) indictor is improved by adding three mid-price. setting different level of limit up and limit down, and using Muticharts to backtest the performance of Taiwan's weighted stock index futures from 2010 to 2017 thereafter. The result suggests that the performance backtest through all adjusted MA is better than the performance backtest through traditional moving average (MA). In addition, the performance backtest through the third MA is better than others indicators used in this paper. The best strategy is to set stop loss/profit point at 7% or 10% in the condition of 4 trading days’ moving average to 7 trading days’ moving average, which can profit the annual return of over 7%, even transaction cost included. Last, against the backdrop of bull market, it’s inappropriate to use moving average to short in the short run.

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