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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Mishra, Priya. "A Study on the Status and Prospects of Tasar Sericulture Industry and its Impact on Tribal Lives in Jharkhand." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38250.

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Анотація:

Abstract: This paper reviews the status and prospects of the “Tasar Silk Industry” in the state of Jharkhand. Tasar Sericulture is practiced in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Bihar with Jharkhand being the leading producer with 80% of the tasar silk production employing around 1.5 lakh farmers in rearing, reeling and weaving activities, This is an agro-based, cottage industry practiced as “a way of life” by the various tribal inhabitants of this state like Santhals, Hos, Uraons, Kerwars and others. Tasar silk is not only known for its charm, texture and its natural golden color, but it also has a high ethical value. It is known as “Ahimsa Silk” as it does not kill the silkworm by boiling the cocoons while it is still inside it. The fibre is extracted only after the silkworm (Antherea Mylitta and Antherea Proyeli J) has left the cocoons. Tasar sericulture is being promoted widely through premier bodies like The Central Silk Board and its subsidiary i.e Central Tasar Research and Training Institute; Ranchi, which has undertaken research and development and training programs, since its establishment in 1964, thereby improving the silk production as well as empowering the lives of weak and marginalized tribes of Jharkhand. Growing demands from foreign countries, elucidate the promising future of the tasar silk industry in Jharkhand which in turn would uplift the living qualities of the rural people. Heavy investment in this industry now, would bring good returns in future, not just in terms of an improved economy, but also an improved society. This paper highlights the fact that apart from the huge potential to earn foreign exchange for the country, tasar culture has immense ethical values and truly carves for us a path towards sustainable development. Keywords: Tasar, sericulture, Jharkhand, tribal, Ahimsa Silk, Sustainable Development.

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2

Das, Suman, Ashmita Ghosh, Mrinal Ray, Gangesh B. Singh, and Pradip Kumar Baruah. "Eco-friendly Environment of Tripura, India Prove to be a Boon for Tasar Cultivation on Zizyphus mauritiana L." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 01 (January 1, 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.11.

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Анотація:

Indian silk industry is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five known commercial silk, namely, Mulberry, Tropical Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri, and Muga. Among the four varieties of silk produced in 2015-16, Tasar accounts for 9.90%, i.e., 2,818 MT of the total raw silk production of 28,472 MT. In Tripura, the societies are well acquainted with only mulberry silk production. Temperature plays a very vital role in the growth of Tasar (Anthereae mylitta) silkworm also. Anthereae mylitta is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae known commonly as the Tasar silkworm and Vanya silkworm. This species is variable, with at least 44 identified eco-races, populations adapted to varied ecological conditions and food plants. Though Tripura is endowed with well demarcated sub-tropical and temperate zones with a low average temperature of 10°C in the winter season which rises to a maximum average of 35°C in the summer, it supports the cultivation of tropical Tasar silkworm in a very unique manner naturally. The present study analyzes the morphological behavior of the Tasar silkworm in a new environment and its interaction to that particular eco-friendly environment to facilitate the socioeconomic upliftment regarding the sericulture practices exhibited by the rural people of the state of Tripura. This study also proves that in the near future Tasar culture will become a boon to the poor people along with Mulberry cultivation.

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3

Das, Subrata. "Mechanical failure of mulberry and tasar silk." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102016d.

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Анотація:

This article investigates the tensile and twist failure of mulberry and tasar silk filaments. The mulberry and tasar filaments were subjected to uniaxial loading on Instron tensile tester at different rate of extensions and gauge lengths. Furthermore, the number of turns to rupture the silk filaments was tested using a twist tester. The results showed that the mulberry filament has higher tensile and twist strength than that of tasar filament. The SEM photomicrographs of the region of fracture divulged that the tensile and twist failure of mulberry and tasar filaments take place in catastrophic and non-catastrophic modes, respectively.

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4

Vanitha, K., U. C. Javali, and P. S. Bhat. "Rearing performance of tropical Tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta Drury) on Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its commercial silk properties." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1163.

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Анотація:

Tasar silkworm, Antheraeamylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is one of the commercially exploited non-mulberry silkworms mainly reared outdoor on many wild plants. The ecorace of tasar silkworm occurring in cashew (Anacardiumoccidentale L.) plantations of Puttur was identified as A. mylitta KE-02. Pooled egg, larval and pupal period of tasar silkworm upon indoor rearing on cashew recorded were 6.43, 28.69 and 25.36 days, respec-tively, with the effective rate of rearing of 40 %. The average cocoon weight, pupal weight and shell weight recorded were 6.24 g, 5.30 and 1.18 g, respectively. The high shell ratio of 22.26 %, shows a healthy trend for high yielding tasar rearing on cashew. The commercial silk properties of cashew reared cocoons were assessed in comparison to silk properties of cocoons reared on Terminalia paniculata. Average filament length, average non-breakable filament length, denier, strength and elongation were found 547.2 m, 1231.6 m, 8.92 D, 1.57 gpd and 16.9 %, respectively on cashew and 518.2 m, 161.94 m, 9.13 D, 1.73 gpd and 18.7 % , respectively on T. paniculata. The present study has documented the biology of tasar silk worm on cashew and also the commercial silk properties of cocoon reared on cashew at preliminary level.

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5

Lakhchaura, Pallavi, and Manisha Gahlot. "A study on comfort properties of oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (May 9, 2021): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2631.

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Анотація:

Oak Tasar is wild silk with natural golden brown colour and unique texture available in Himalayan region of India. A lot of fibre waste is generated during hand spinning of oak Tasar silk yarn which can be utilized by blending it with compatible fibre to incorporate the properties of both fibres in the yarn. The present study aimed to develop Oak Tasar silk waste and acrylic blended fabrics and study their comfort properties. The oak Tasar silk and acrylic blended plain weave and twill weave fabrics were prepared with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared fabrics were studied for comfort properties like thermal insulation (clo, TIV %), Q-max (warm/cool feeling), air permeability, water vapour transport rate and were statistically analysed. Results revealed that thermal insulation and clo value were found to be increased with increasing acrylic content in the fabric whereas Q- max, air permeability, water vapour permeability values were reduced with the addition of oak Tasar silk fiber in the blend. The 50:50 blended plain weave fabric among the blended fabrics had the highest clo value, i.e. 0.52 and 50:50 blended twill weave fabric had highest Q max value i.e. 0.109W/cm2. It was found from the study that the developed fabrics are comfortable and can be used for light winters.

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6

JOSHI, K. L. "A NEW STEM BORER INFESTING TASAR SILKWORM FOOD PLANTS." Scientific Temper 3, no. 1&2 (February 9, 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2012.03.1.04.

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Анотація:

The tropical tasar silk is produced by the tasar silkworm, Antherea mylitta Drury. Since therearing is conducted on the trees of Arjun, Termilalia arjuna, Asan, T.tomentosa, Sal, Shorea robustaetc. the qualitative or quantitative production of the silk or seed directly dependent upon the qualityor amount of foliage available and utilized for tasar silkworm rearing. With the infestation of the foodplant by any pests, the production of foliage and thereby, production of tasar silk and quality seedare liable to be affected.The round headed stem borers and the flat headed stem borer are most common. Theseborers affect Arjun (T. arjuna), Asan (T. tomentosa) and Sal (Shorea robusta). Most of the borersattacking tasar food plants belonging to family Cerambycidae and Buprestidae of order Coleoptera.The stem borer infesting T. arjuna reported now is belonging to a new species Sphenopteraaerosa. The new species belongs to the family Buprestidae and the order Coleoptera.Various parameters were studied like symptoms of infestation, survival of plants and damagetype. The infestation of this new species ranged from 19 to 31 % in different blocks of plantation.

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7

Gedam, Pravin C., D. M. Bawaskar, N. B. Chowdary, A. Venugopal, and A. D. Ingale. "Perception of Tasar Silkworm Rearers about the Climate Change Impact on the Tasar Silk Production of Maharashtra." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 7 (May 19, 2023): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i71958.

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Анотація:

Tasar sericulture is one of the allied sectors of agriculture which is a climate sensitive sector. Understanding farmer’s perception about the climate change impact on the rearing performance tasar silkworm is a key to the development of new climate tolerant technologies so as to encourage the other farmers for adopting sericulture eventually to boost the production of the tasar silk production in the state. Thus, the study was designed to establish farmer’s perception on climate change and its impacts on tasar silkworm rearing performance. The study was conducted in all four tasar silkworm rearing districts of Maharashtra namely Bhandara, Gondia, Gadchiroli and Chandrapur. A total 160 tasar silkworm rearers were selected randomly from all the four districts. Information was collected from each tasar silkworm rearers through Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and focus group discussions (FGD). Climate Change Perception Index (CCPI) and Climate Change Impact Perception Index (CCIPI) were used to assess the perception about the impact of climate change on tasar silk production. Weighted Average Index (WAI) was used to analysis the impact. Results showed that majority of the respondents perceived that the yield and production of tasar cocoons production has reduced compared to last ten years. Moreover, frequent loss of the crop is noticed due to sudden change in the climatic conditions during the rearing of silkworm. Similarly, the high incidence of diseases and pest is also noticed thereby affecting the income generation of the tribal tasar farmers of the state. The results of the study will be useful for formulating appropriate policy against the ill-effects of the climate change. The results will also give impetus to the researcher to develop the thermo tolerant and climate change tolerant or resistant varieties or races of tasar silkworm so as to boost the tasar silk production of the state.

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8

Nagal, Anubhav, and Rajeev K Singla. "Applications of Silk in Drug Delivery: Advancement in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 03, no. 03 (2013): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2013.25.

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Анотація:

Silk is one of the important natural protein fibre produced by certain insect larvae, Major source are mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori, Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Oak tasar silkworm Antheraea proyeli, Eri silkworm Philosamia ricini and Muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis. Silk is having pleotropic effect of being novel aid in drug delivery because of its properties like self-assembly, mechanical toughness, processing flexibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Silkworm silk has been widely used as biomedical sutures, 3D- silk fibroin scaffolds, films, nanofibers, nanoparticles, microspheres, for coatings, microneedles etc. Present review article covers these with sufficient information. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

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9

Vaidya, Shubhangi, and Ulka Yadav. "Rearing performance of Philosamia ricini (Eri silkworm) in different seasons of Ujjain district." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 3 (December 20, 2014): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.15317.

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Анотація:

India has the unique distinction of being only country producing all the five commercially traded varieties of natural silk namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Temperate tasar and Tropical tasar. The silk produced by Philosama ricini is called Eri silk. Eri silk is known as Non Violence silk or Piece silk. It is also said to be Poor Person’s silk. The Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) is multivoltine, holometabolus, non-mulberry, completely domesticated and feed on castor (Ricinus communis) leaves.We observed the effect of different seasons on rearing performance of Eri silkworm in respect of different larval parameters (larval weight, larval length, ERR% and pupation) and cocoon parameter (cocoon weight, pupae weight, shell weight & shell %). Our findings clearly indicated that the rearing performance of Eri silkworm was better in spring season than winter and autumn season of Ujjain district M.P.

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10

Kusurkar, Tejas Sanjeev, Anamika Gangwar, Mangesh Bawankar, Anupam Mandal, Dattatraya Dethe, Ashwani Kumar Thakur, Sushil Kumar Singh, et al. "A glowing antioxidant from tasar silk cocoon." RSC Advances 5, no. 126 (2015): 104563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14148f.

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In this study, a fluorophore can be easily localized inside animal cell line H9c2 using a novel N-TER™ based strategy, and the internalized fluorophore acts both as a fluorescent dye and as an antioxidant.

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11

Lakhchaura, Pallavi, Manisha Gahlot, and Anita Rani. "Influence of blend ratio on physical properties of oak tasar silk and acrylic blended spun yarn." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2038.

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Анотація:

In this study an attempt was made to utilize the oak tasar silk spinning waste through blending it with acrylic fibre and prepared yarn in mechanised spinning system. The oak tasar silk and acrylic blended yarn were prepared on ring spinning machine with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared yarns were of medium to fine yarn count. Yarn Physical properties of yarns, unevenness and imperfections were studied and statistically analysed. Results revealed that the 100% acrylic and 50:50 tasar acrylic blended yarns had better properties as compared to 60:40 and 40:60. The addition of acrylic fibre content improved the physical properties, unevenness and imperfection of the blended yarns.

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12

Nag, Dr Shashi, and Dr Manju Kumari. "Emerging Technologies and its Adoption: A Booster for Garment Development and Expansion in Tasar Silk Industry of Jharkhand with Special Reference to the Artisans and Weavers of Ranchi." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 4759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52705.

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Анотація:

Abstractt: The Tasar silk Industry has proved its potential in raising sustainable income and employment in the rural sector of Jharkhand State (India) and is a growing activity in the primary sector which aims more income to the artisans and workers of this industry. This paper entitles an artisanal industry that concentrates on the study regarding the impact of technologies on sericulture in selected area. Sericulture is an agro-industrial activity aiming to produce silk though rearing of silkworm. It involves the raising of food plants (Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa, Shorea robusta etc) for silkworm, rearing of silkworm for production of cocoons, reeling and spinning of cocoons for production of yarn for value added benefits such as processing and weaving. The knowledge of technology has found to have greater impact on improving the productivity, production and manufacturing of Tasar Silk Fabric in terms of agriculture as well as its allied activities. This study finds out significant positive impact of knowledge about advanced technology and its adoption on the development of the sector by the artisans so that the Tasar Silk Garment Industry grows and benefit its stakeholders

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13

KHAJJE, DIKSHA, GANGAVARAPU SUBRAHMANYAM, and KANGAYAM M. PONNUVEL. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF BACULOVIRUS INFECTING OAK TASAR SILKWORM, ANTHERAEA PROYLEI." Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences 25, no. 02 (2023): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/ajmbes.2023.v25i02.019.

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Antheraea proylei, a temperate oak tasar silkworm, is one of the economically important silkworms reared for the production of oak tasar silk. A. proylei is frequently infected with A. proylei nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnprNPV), which causes tiger band disease leading to severe economic loss in oak tasar silk production. Therefore, development of an accurate diagnostic tool may facilitate early detection of pathogen, thus preventing massive economic loss. In the current study, we have developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for diagnosis of AnprNPV. The primers specific to p94 gene of AnprNPV were designed to investigate their sensitivity and specificity. The AnprNPV detection limit in RT-qPCR was found to be 2.5 × 101 copy number with 98.12% efficiency. The developed diagnostic technique is 100 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR for the detection of AnprNPV. Further, the technique was validated with filed samples wherein the AnprNPV viral loads in the oak tasar silkworms were ranged from 103 to 1010 copies/l.

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14

Gedam, Pravin C., D. M. Bawaskar, B. N. Chowdhary, A. Venugopal, and A. D. Ingale. "Study of Gaps in Adoption of Improved Tasar Silkworm (Antheraea mylitta D) Rearing Technologies." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 8 (June 8, 2023): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i81992.

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Анотація:

Maharashtra contributes paltry 0.76 per cent of the total production of tasar silk in the country, with 23 MT but the production of tasar silk in the state is found to be dwindling which might be due to the gaps in knowledge and adoption of improved tasar silkworm rearing technologies. Therefore, present investigation was undertaken to assess the gaps in adoption of tasar silkworm rearing technologies and constraints faced by the tasar farmers in adopting the recommended technologies. The study was conducted in Bhandara, Gondia and Gadchiroli districts of Maharashtra. The “Ex-post facto” research design was used for the study. A total 120 tasar silkworm rearing farmers were randomly selected for the study from those selected districts. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that the major gaps in adoption were seen the practices such as Integrated Pest Management for the control of gall disease (91.67%), application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) or vermi-compost @4 kg/plant or 2kg/plans twice in a year (87.50%) and foliar spraying of 1.5% urea twice @ 15 days’ interval before 30 days of rearing (78.33%) and these were ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. The average gaps in adoption were 52.71 per cent. Similarly, non-availability of quality seeds/Dfls for rearing, non availability of disease resistance/tolerant silkworm races, non-enhancement of seed cocoon/reelable cocoon prices due to non-availability of formal and fair market, no hand holding support during the crop failure from the government, outbreak of diseases due to weather fluctuation and difficulty in adoption of recommended package of practices due to insufficient fund were the major constraints experienced by the tasar silkworm rearers. Thus, proper research, extension, communication and training strategies are needed to be formulated so that the constraints faced in adoption will be removed and the gaps in adoption could be bridged in order to accelerate the rate of adoption of modern tasar silkworm technologies in state and, thus, increasing the scope for boosting the tasar silk production of the state in the years to come.

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15

Singh, Manish, Estera S. Dey, Sunil Bhand, and Cedric Dicko. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Impregnation of Gold Nanoparticles Demonstrates a New Route for the Fabrication of Hybrid Silk Materials." Insects 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010018.

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How many nanoparticles can we load in a fiber? How much will leak? Underlying is the relatively new question of the “space available” in fibers for nanoparticle loading. Here, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a carrier fluid, we explored the impregnation in four Indian silks (Mulberry, Eri, Muga, and Tasar) with five standard sizes of gold nanoparticles (5, 20, 50, 100 and 150 nm in diameter). All silks could be permanently impregnated with nanoparticles up to 150 nm in size under scCO2 impregnation. Accompanying structural changes indicated that the amorphous silk domains reorganized to accommodate the gold NPs. The mechanism was studied in detail in degummed Mulberry silk fibers (i.e., without the sericin coating) with the 5 nm nanoparticle. The combined effects of concentration, time of impregnation, scCO2 pressure, and temperature showed that only a narrow set of conditions allowed for permanent impregnation without deterioration of the properties of the silk fibers.

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16

Das, Subrata, and Anindya Ghosh. "An Investigation on Yarn Imperfections of Indian Tasar Silk." Journal of Natural Fibers 5, no. 4 (November 24, 2008): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440470802456666.

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17

Vyas, Shweta K., and Sanjeev R. Shukla. "Degumming of Tasar silk using imidazolium-based ionic liquids." Journal of The Textile Institute 111, no. 9 (January 20, 2020): 1364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1712927.

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18

Ghosh, A., and S. Das. "Tensile and twist failure of mulberry and tasar silk." Journal of the Textile Institute 99, no. 2 (January 30, 2008): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000701475940.

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19

., Chakrapani, Stuti Ananta, Ananta Sinha, Mala N., Rashmi Mishra, K. Jena, I. G. Prabhu, and K. Sathyanarayana. "IMPACT OF SOIL NUTRIENTS ON TASAR SILK WORM FECUNDITY." PLANT ARCHIVES 22, Spl. Issue (VSOG) (November 15, 2022): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2022.v22.specialissue.034.

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20

Manjunatha, G. R., P. A. Sangannavar, G. R. Halagundegowda, A. S. Nazeer, S. M. Moorthy, and V. Sivaprasad. "Comparative economics of vanya with mulberry cocoon production in India." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-01.

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Анотація:

Aim: To compare the remunerativeness of Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga based sericulture enterprises. Methodology: An empirical analysis was undertaken to compare the economics of mulberry and non-mulberry cocoon production in India, utilizing the available data from Central Silk Board using descriptive statistics and suitable ratios. Results: The study indicated that returns per rupee of investment in Mulberry (1.66), Tasar (1.60), Eri (1.88) and Muga (2.07) were higher compared to agriculture crop enterprises (National Silk Policy-2020), besides being of short duration with frequent assured income at least for three to six times in a year. Interpretation: The Mulberry and Eri silkworm cocoon production is highly remunerative enterprise and attracts the youths, because of its domesticated nature, short duration and women friendly enterprise. Key words: Cocoon production, Economics, Eco-friendly, Mulberry, Sericulture enterprises, Vanya

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21

Ghonmode, Sharyu Vasant. "Influence of Covid-19 Peak Period on Sericulture Farmers, Reelers, Weavers and Traders." Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.1.18.

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Анотація:

India is an ancient country to establish sericulture industry and it manufactures and even exports the tasar cloth (Kosa) to various countries since several centuries prior to the B.C. During the second century B.C., the silk was exported from India to European countries. It has been studied that the production of tasar silk was much more than that of mulberry silk during the Mughal period1.India is unique in producing all four commercial silk varieties viz. Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga. Sericulture is well-established agro-cottage industry and suited to rural-based farmers with a good cost-benefit ratio. It provides employment to six million rural populations. Covid-19 was caused by the novel corona virus and was first identified in Wuhan, China. This disease is transmitted through direct contact with the respiratory droplets of infected person, especially when the person coughs and sneezes. Covid-19 has led to a huge loss of human life, food system, millions of agricultural workers had gone through working poverty, mal nutrition and poor health. The Covid -19 crisis has created a dire impact on the complete world. The Lockdown declared by Government had an awful impact on the financial growth and development of every individual. The sericulture sector has also vouched such condition. The sericulture farmers, reelers, weavers and traders have to face various issues like marketing of cocoons, silk, its products, non availability of vehicles for transportation, non availability of the workers from sericulture sector, problems regarding hard currency flow. During pre Covid-19 period the average selling price of cocoon was 400 Rs/Kg while the price during Covid-19 period was Rs. 200/Kg. This paper helps to study the impact on Covid-19 peak period on the livelihood of sericulture farmers, reelers, weavers and traders. Different activities involved in sericulture were affected by pandemic. Due to difficulty in import and export of silk and other related materials, Government has to be self reliant for the production.

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22

Mittal, V., J. Binkadakatti, and K. Sathyanarayana. "Role of capacity building, extension and services in tasar sector." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-15.

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Aim: To train manpower for disseminating the technologies to the grassroots level stakeholders and facilitate to replicate the successful model of sericulture practice developed in tasar sector. Methodology: Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (CTRTI), Ranchi organizes different training programmes for the benefit of various stakeholders of the industry. These programmes are tailor-made to meet the specific needs of each sector and of immense help in updating the knowledge and skills of the extension personnel and sericulturists, through Field Day, Farmers Day, Technology Demonstration, Awareness Programme, Group Discussion and Farmers Meet / Krishi Mela, etc., which are the major platforms of ECPs providing technical support and transfer of technologies developed by CTRTI. Results: For the purpose, different training programmes were organized in last five years (2017-2022) from time to time by CTRTI and approximately 6753 persons were trained in different subsectors of sericulture through training programmes like: Structured Training Course (PGDS-Vanya Silk), Farmers Skill Training, Exposure visit for Technology Awareness, Technology Orientation Programme for the frontline officers / officials of DOS/NGO/ Lead farmers /student / project work on microbiology/biotechnology, etc., Seri Resource Centre (SRC),Competency Enhancement Training Programme (CETP), Training under Post Cocoon Sector, Lab-to-land demonstration, Establishment of BIOTECH-KISAN Hub. Skilling the farmers involving KVKs for expansion of tasar through training of the KVK Scientists under ICAR & nurtured Community Resource Persons (CRPs) under aegis of Producer Institutions. Interpretation: With the new developments taking place in the field of sericulture, the training and development activity is considered as a necessity by all forward-looking organizations both national and international for updating the knowledge and skill, and hence training needs will continue to perpetuate at all levels of silk industry world wide. To achieve the potential productivity levels, strategies are suggested for a viable effective extension system in the country in general and orthwest region, in particular. Key words: Alternate extension organizations, Capacity building and training and silk production, Extension, Productivity potential, Tasar culture

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23

Malali, Kiran B., Uday C. Javali, Naveen V. Padaki, and Subhas V. Naik. "Influence of Slug Catcher on Quality of Tasar Silk Yarn." Procedia Engineering 200 (2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.006.

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24

Rai, Suresh, and Satyanarayana K. "TREND OF TASAR SILK INDUSTRY IN INDIA – A STATISTICAL APPROACH." PLANT ARCHIVES 22, Spl. Issue (VSOG) (November 15, 2022): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2022.v22.specialissue.048.

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25

RANI, K. VINISHA, BORNALI SARMA, and ARUN SARMA. "PLASMA PRETREATMENT ON TASAR SILK FABRICS COATED WITH ZnO NANOPARTICLES AGAINST ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 05 (June 2019): 1850193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18501937.

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Анотація:

Plasma pretreatment is an eco-friendly process employed to modify the surface properties and improve the adhesion properties of tasar silk fabrics. The plasma pretreatment has been carried out in DC glow discharge plasma at constant power and for different treatment durations (5, 10 and 30[Formula: see text]min). ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) play a significant role in antibacterial, cleaning and UV protection. ZnO NPs have been synthesized by the wet chemical method and the average crystallite size of the same is found to be 49[Formula: see text]nm using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Plasma treated silk fabrics are coated with ZnO NPs using vacuum thermal evaporation technique. Structural and chemical change of raw, untreated and plasma treated silk fabrics coated with ZnO NPs are analyzed by XRD and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) studies. The surface morphologies of all the fabrics are analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), which confirms the adherence of ZnO NPs on the surface of the fabrics. Elemental analysis is carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopy, which confirms the presence of ZnO NPs on the surface of the fabrics. The improved surface property in terms of hydrophobicity is analyzed by using a contact angle test. It is found that the plasma pretreated silk fabrics coated with ZnO NPs have better antibacterial activities against Escherichia Coli bacteria.

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26

Andiappan, Muthumanickkam, Tinesh Kumari, Subramanian Sundaramoorthy, Gowri Meiyazhagan, Prasath Manoharan, and Ganesh Venkataraman. "Comparison of eri and tasar silk fibroin scaffolds for biomedical applications." Progress in Biomaterials 5, no. 2 (March 8, 2016): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40204-016-0047-5.

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27

Ranakoti, Lalit, and Pawan Kumar Rakesh. "Physio-mechanical characterization of tasar silk waste/jute fiber hybrid composite." Composites Communications 22 (December 2020): 100526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100526.

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28

Panda, N., A. Biswas, L. B. Sukla, and K. Pramanik. "Degradation Mechanism and Control of Blended Eri and Tasar Silk Nanofiber." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 174, no. 7 (September 18, 2014): 2403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1151-4.

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29

Bhat, Prakash N., Jayanth Ghosh, Kiran B. Malali, Dr Naveen Padaki, Goutham Mitra, Debasis Chattopadyay, ZMS Khan, and B. Nanjegowda. "GRADING OF TASAR RAW SILK YARN – DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD AND PROCEDURES." PLANT ARCHIVES 22, Spl. Issue (VSOG) (November 15, 2022): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2022.v22.specialissue.038.

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30

Das, Subrata, and S. K. Chowdhury. "A Modified Approach to the Reeling of Tropical Tasar Silk with Adhesives." Journal of The Textile Institute 82, no. 4 (January 1991): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405009108659239.

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31

Prasad, M. M., and H. N. P. Singh. "Biodegradation of chemical constituents in tasar silk cocoons after infection with fungi." Letters in Applied Microbiology 21, no. 4 (October 1995): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01049.x.

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32

Lakkegowda, Yogesha, Raghu Ammannappa, and Sharath Ananthamurthy. "Investigations on rheological properties and gelation of tasar regenerated silk fibroin solution." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 7 (November 8, 2013): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40104.

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33

H., Yadav, Doss S. G., Aparna K., Kumar B., and Sathyanarayana K. "LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA (JARUL) – A POTENTIAL HOST PLANT TO IMPROVE TASAR SILK PRODUCTION." PLANT ARCHIVES 22, Spl. Issue (VSOG) (November 15, 2022): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2022.v22.specialissue.046.

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34

Maity, Samita, Sagar I. Goel, Sobhan Roy, Suvankar Ghorai, Swati Bhattacharyya, Aravind Venugopalan, and Ananta K. Ghosh. "Analysis of Transcripts Expressed in One-Day-Old Larvae and Fifth Instar Silk Glands of Tasar Silkworm,Antheraea mylitta." Comparative and Functional Genomics 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/246738.

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Анотація:

Antheraea mylittais one of the wild nonmulberry silkworms, which produces tasar silk. An EST project has been undertaken to understand the gene expression profile ofA. mylittasilk gland. Two cDNA libraries, one from the whole bodies of one-day-old larvae and the other from the silkglands of fifth instar larvae, were constructed and sequenced. A total of 2476 good-quality ESTs (1239 clones) were obtained and grouped into 648 clusters containing 390 contigs and 258 singletons to represent 467 potential unigenes. Forty-five sequences contained putative coding region, and represented potentially novel genes. Among the 648 clusters, 241 were categorized according to Gene Ontology hierarchy and showed presence of several silk and immune-related genes. TheA. mylittaESTs have been organized into a freely available online database “AmyBASE”. These data provide an initial insight into theA. mylittatranscriptome and help to understand the molecular mechanism of silk protein production in a Lepidopteran species.

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35

Akai, Hiromu, Takayuki Nagashima, and Shinji Aoyagi. "Ultrastructure of posterior silk gland cells and liquid silk in Indian tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta drury (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae)." International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 22, no. 5 (December 1993): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(93)90036-z.

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36

Pooja and Sandeep Bains. "Application of oak tasar waste silk and viscose blended fabrics for apparel purpose." ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE 14, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajhs/14.1/247-250.

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37

Mohanty, R., and A. K. Dash. "COLOUR POLYMORPHISM IN COCOON POPULATION OF WILD TASAR SILK INSECT ANTHERAEA PAPHIA LINN." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 02 (February 29, 2020): 1210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10569.

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38

Pooja¬, Dr, Dr Sandeep Bains, and Dr Pritpal Singh. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of oak tasar silk waste/viscose blended knitted fabrics." Pharma Innovation 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i1j.5618.

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39

Wang, Juan, Shanshan Zhang, Tieling Xing, Banani Kundu, Mingzhong Li, Subhas C. Kundu, and Shenzhou Lu. "Ion-induced fabrication of silk fibroin nanoparticles from Chinese oak tasar Antheraea pernyi." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 79 (August 2015): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.052.

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40

Karmakar, Soma, A. K. Srivastava, T. Pandiaraj, and Jyostna Tirkey Tirkey. "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Sustainable Tasar Silk Production and Soil Health." Journal of Plant Science Research 38, no. 1 (August 2, 2022): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2022.38.01.24.

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41

Singh, J., T. Pandiaraj, S. Das, K. Sathyanarayana, S. Giri, P. K. Kar, M. Patnaik, and B. Patnaik. "Optimization of macronutrients application in Terminalia tomentosa (Asan) for sustainable tasar silk production." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-17.

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Aim: The aim of the present study was to optimise the nutrient requirements for Terminalia tomentosa (Asan) plant to increase the quality and quantity of leaves. Methodology: This study used the Mitscherlich-Bray equation to formulate NPK requirements for the Asan plant. Independent experimental setups of N (5 levels), P (5 levels), and K (5 levels) designed in RCBD with three replications were carried out concurrently. Calculations were made to determine the theoretical maximum yield, the NPK constants c and c1, the NPK fertiliser recommendations for the Asan plant at various soil fertility levels, and the ideal fertiliser rates. Results: Fertiliser recommendations were developed for a typical range of soil test values, but they still required additional field verification tests. The theoretical maximum yields determined by the Mitscherlich-Bray equation were 599.79g, 587.49 g, and 562.34 g per 50 leaves of the Asan plant for NPK, respectively. The study demonstrated that it is critical to consider the inherent soil fertility when developing fertiliser recommendations for Asan that will increase both leaf yield and overall productivity. It showed that soil K was less efficiently utilised by the Asan plant compared to the other soil nutrients. The c1/c ratio of the P experiment was lowest compared to the c1/c ratio values of N and K experiments, indicating that the Asan plant was more responsive to P fertilisation than other macronutrient fertilisation Interpretation: The fertiliser recommendation chart serves the farmers to manage the Asan plants and is more beneficial for harvesting quality cocoons without degrading the ecosystem. Key words: Asan, Baripada, Macronutrients, Odisha, Tasar silk

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42

Chatterjee, Abhirupa, and Sangyu Yaden. "Role of Silk as a Remunerative Cash Crop of Murshidabad, West Bengal." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1108.031.

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Анотація:

Silk, the "Queen of Textiles" is an inseparable part of Indian culture and tradition over thousands of year. The internal high market demand makes India, the largest silk consuming country as no ritual is completed here without it, and the second largest silk producing country of the world with more than 18% to the world’s silk production. Being an agro-based industry, this sector includes both agricultural and industrial aspects and thus refers to the work started from mulberry cultivation, silk worm rearing, and obtaining silk up to the making of finished silk product. Indian climate is appropriate for the production of all the varieties of silk called Mulberry, Tasar, Muga and Eri and among these Mulberry silk is the most renowned and popular form of silk. This industry helps in shaping the economic destiny of the rural people especially for the overpopulated rural economy based country like India as it mainly depends on human power and helps in poverty alleviation whereas, being retreated from the developed countries because of the increasing labour cost. It is appropriate for both marginal and small scale land holders because of its low investment and high assured return at regular interval. In West Bengal, Silk industry plays a significant economic role by providing employment over 1.2lakhs rural families round the year (Seri States Profile, 2019). The district Murshidabad of West Bengal is well equipped in both the production and weaving of mulberry silk and so as a matter of fact the silk industry of the state mainly goes by the name of ‘Murshidabad Silk’ as the silk weaving belts are confined around this district. This paper intends to analyse the importance of silk as a remunerative cash crop of Murshidabad.

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43

Pandiaraj, T., H. Yadav, Mr Manjappa, J. Singh, K. Sathyanarayana, D. K. Singh, and P. Yadav. "Screening of efficient drought tolerant accessions of Terminalia arjuna plant for sustainable Tasar sericulture production based on biochemical tools." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-10.

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Aim: Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta, feeds on the foliage of many plant species belonging to different families, but it prefers the foliage of Terminalia arjuna, T. tomentosa and Shorea robusta. The aim of the present study was to screen the drought-tolerant accessions of Arjuna for the successful and sustainable rearing of the Tasar silkworm. Methodology: An investigation was undertaken at the Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Ranchi during 2016–17 and 2017–18 to study the "screening of fast-growing drought tolerant accessions of Arjuna for raising block plantations" by using biochemical tools. Ten accessions (40 saplings from each accession) were selected and allowed to grow for one year. Then, drought treatments were imposed. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomised design (FCRD) with two factors. Two factors were accessions and moisture levels, i.e., control and stress. Results: The experimental result revealed that the T. arjuna accessions differed significantly for total chlorophyll contents under drought stress. Accn. 523, 525 and 135 significantly recorded higher chlorophyll content under drought-stress conditions. Water stress increased the proline concentrations in all accessions of T. arjuna, reaching 3–16 fold over the non-stressed control. Proline level was significantly increased in Accn. 525 followed by 523 and 135 at 7 and 14 days after treatment was imposed. Interpretation: Accessions of T. arjuna plant 525, 523, 123 and 135 can be used as the most drought tolerant accessions under drought conditions with limited leaf yield and quality loss. Key words: Biochemical tools, Chlorophyll, Drought, Proline, Tasar silk, Terminalia arjuna

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44

Das, Subrata. "Structure, Property, and Relaxation Behavior of Mulberry (Bombyx Mori) and Tasar (Antheraea Mylitta) Silk." Journal of Natural Fibers 5, no. 3 (September 16, 2008): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440470802252644.

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45

Reddy, R. M., M. K. Sinha, K. P. K. Kumar, N. S. Gahlot, A. K. Srivastava, P. K. Kar, and B. C. Prasad. "Influence of Hybridization on the Traits of Silk Production and Filament Denier in Indian Tropical Tasar Silk Insect, Antheraea mylitta Drury." International Journal of Zoological Research 6, no. 4 (September 15, 2010): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2010.277.285.

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46

Manohar Re, R. "Conservation Need of Tropical Tasar Silk Insect, Antheraea Mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)-Strategies and Impact." Journal of Entomology 7, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/je.2010.152.159.

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47

Panda, N., A. Bissoyi, K. Pramanik, and A. Biswas. "Directing osteogenesis of stem cells with hydroxyapatite precipitated electrospun eri–tasar silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffold." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 25, no. 13 (August 4, 2014): 1440–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2014.943548.

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48

Dash, Rupesh, Mahitosh Mandal, Sudip K. Ghosh, and S. C. Kundu. "Silk sericin protein of tropical tasar silkworm inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis in human skin keratinocytes." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 311, no. 1-2 (January 24, 2008): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-008-9702-z.

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49

Sahu, Neety, Shilpa Pal, Sunaina Sapru, Joydip Kundu, Sarmistha Talukdar, N. Ibotambi Singh, Juming Yao, and Subhas C. Kundu. "Non-Mulberry and Mulberry Silk Protein Sericins as Potential Media Supplement for Animal Cell Culture." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7461041.

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Анотація:

Silk protein sericins, in the recent years, find application in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as biomaterials. We investigate the potential of sericin, extracted from both mulberryBombyx moriand different non-mulberry sources, namely, tropical tasar,Antheraea mylitta; muga,Antheraea assama; and eri,Samia ricini,as growth supplement in serum-free culture medium. Sericin supplemented media containing different concentrations of sericins from the different species are examined for attachment, growth, proliferation, and morphology of fibrosarcoma cells. The optimum sericin supplementation seems to vary with the source of sericins. The results indicate that all the sericins promote the growth of L929 cells in serum-free culture media; however,S. ricinisericin seems to promote better growth of cells amongst other non-mulberry sericins.

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50

Sharan, S. K., A. K. Bansal, R. M. Shukla, and K. Thangavelu. "A new method of detection of pebrine disease in tasar silk moth, Antheraea mylitta Drury (Saturniidae)." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 31, no. 1-2 (1994): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.266581.

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