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Статті в журналах з теми "TAS2R14"
1
Luongo, Francesca Paola, Sofia Passaponti, Alesandro Haxhiu, Maryam Raeispour, Giuseppe Belmonte, Laura Governini, Livio Casarini, Paola Piomboni, and Alice Luddi. "Bitter Taste Receptors and Endocrine Disruptors: Cellular and Molecular Insights from an In Vitro Model of Human Granulosa Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 15540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with the synthesis, transport and binding action of hormones responsible for reproduction and homeostasis. Some EDCs compounds are activators of Taste bitter Receptors, a subclass of taste receptors expressed in many extraoral locations, including sperm and follicular somatic cells. This makes TAS2Rs attractive molecules to study and investigate to shed light on the effect of EDCs on female reproduction and fertility. This study aims to assess the effect of selected EDCs [namely Biochanin A (BCA), caffeine, Daidzein, Genistein and Isoflavone] on hGL5, an immortalized cell line exhibiting characteristics coherent with primary follicular granulosa cells. After demonstrating that this model expresses all the TAS2Rs (TAS2R3, TAS2R4, TAS2R14, TAS2R19, TAS2R43) specifically expressed by the primary human granulosa cells, we demonstrated that BCA and caffeine significantly affect mitochondrial footprint and intracellular lipid content, indicating their contribution in steroidogenesis. Our results showed that bitter taste receptors may be involved in steroidogenesis, thus suggesting an appealing mechanism by which these compounds affect the female reproductive system.
2
Kimura, Shunsuke, Ai Tsuruma, and Eisuke Kato. "Taste 2 Receptor Is Involved in Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 8120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Expression of taste 2 receptor (T2R) genes, also known as bitter taste receptor genes, has been reported in a variety of tissues. The white adipose tissue of mice has been shown to express Tas2r108, Tas2r126, Tas2r135, Tas2r137, and Tas2r143, but the function of T2Rs in adipocytes remains unclear. Here, we show that fasting and stimulation by bitter compounds both increased Tas2r expression in mouse white adipose tissue, and serum starvation and stimulation by bitter compounds both increased the expression of Tas2r genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting that T2Rs have functional roles in adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated by epicatechin, the ligand of Tas2r126, suggested that this receptor may play a role in the differentiation of adipocytes. Overexpression of Tas2r126 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes decreases fat accumulation after induction of differentiation and reduces the expression of adipogenic genes. Together, these results indicate that Tas2r126 may be involved in adipocyte differentiation.
3
Semplici, Bianca, Francesca Paola Luongo, Sofia Passaponti, Claudia Landi, Laura Governini, Giuseppe Morgante, Vincenzo De Leo, Paola Piomboni, and Alice Luddi. "Bitter Taste Receptors Expression in Human Granulosa and Cumulus Cells: New Perspectives in Female Fertility." Cells 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2RS) expression is not restricted to the oral cavity and the presence of these receptors in the male reproductive system and sperm provides insights into their possible role in human reproduction. To elucidate the potential role of TAS2Rs in the female reproductive system, we investigated the expression and localization of bitter taste receptors and the components of signal transduction cascade involved in the pathway of taste receptors in somatic follicular cells obtained from women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. We found that TAS2R genes are expressed in both cumulus (CCs) and granulosa (GCs) cells, with TAS2R14 being the most highly expressed bitter receptor subtype. Interestingly, a slight increase in the expression of TAS2R14 and TAS2R43 was shown in both GCs and CCs in young women (p < 0.05), while a negative correlation may be established between the number of oocytes collected at the pickup and the expression of TAS2R43. Regarding α-gustducin and α-transducin, two Gα subunits expressed in the taste buds on the tongue, we provide evidence for their expression in CCs and GCs, with α-gustducin showing two additional isoforms in GCs. Finally, we shed light on the possible downstream transduction pathway initiated by taste receptor activation in the female reproductive system. Our study, showing for the first time the expression of taste receptors in the somatic ovarian follicle cells, significantly extends the current knowledge of the biological role of TAS2Rs for human female fertility.
4
Lipchock, Sarah V., Andrew I. Spielman, Julie A. Mennella, Corrine J. Mansfield, Liang-Dar Hwang, Jennifer E. Douglas, and Danielle R. Reed. "Caffeine Bitterness is Related to Daily Caffeine Intake and Bitter Receptor mRNA Abundance in Human Taste Tissue." Perception 46, no. 3-4 (January 24, 2017): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006616686098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated whether the abundance of bitter receptor mRNA expression from human taste papillae is related to an individual’s perceptual ratings of bitter intensity and habitual intake of bitter drinks. Ratings of the bitterness of caffeine and quinine and three other bitter stimuli (urea, propylthiouracil, and denatonium benzoate) were compared with relative taste papilla mRNA abundance of bitter receptors that respond to the corresponding bitter stimuli in cell-based assays ( TAS2R4, TAS2R10, TAS2R38, TAS2R43, and TAS2R46). We calculated caffeine and quinine intake from a food frequency questionnaire. The bitterness of caffeine was related to the abundance of the combined mRNA expression of these known receptors, r = 0.47, p = .05, and self-reported daily caffeine intake, t(18) = 2.78, p = .012. The results of linear modeling indicated that 47% of the variance among subjects in the rating of caffeine bitterness was accounted for by these two factors (habitual caffeine intake and taste receptor mRNA abundance). We observed no such relationships for quinine but consumption of its primary dietary form (tonic water) was uncommon. Overall, diet and TAS2R gene expression in taste papillae are related to individual differences in caffeine perception.
5
Bertran, Laia, Marta Portillo-Carrasquer, Salomé Martínez, Carmen Aguilar, Miguel Lopez-Dupla, David Riesco, Jessica Binetti, et al. "Expression of Jejunal Taste Receptors in Women with Morbid Obesity." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrient sensing plays important roles in promoting satiety and maintaining good homeostatic control. Taste receptors (TAS) are located through the gastrointestinal tract, and recent studies have shown they have a relationship with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the jejunal expression of TAS1R2, TAS1R3, TAS2R14 and TAS2R38 in women with morbid obesity, first classified according to metabolic syndrome presence (MetS; n = 24) or absence (non-MetS; n = 45) and then classified according to hepatic histology as normal liver (n = 28) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 41). Regarding MetS, we found decreased expression of TAS2R14 in MetS patients. However, when we subclassified patients according to liver histology, we did not find differences between groups. We found negative correlations between glucose levels, triglycerides and MetS with TAS1R3 expression. Moreover, TAS2R14 jejunal expression correlated negatively with the presence of MetS and ghrelin levels and positively with the jejunal Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Furthermore, TAS2R38 expression correlated negatively with TLR9 jejunal expression and IL-6 levels and positively with TLR4 levels. Our findings suggest that metabolic dysfunctions such as MetS trigger downregulation of the intestinal TASs. Therefore, taste receptors modulation could be a possible therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
6
Pulkkinen, Ville, Martijn L. Manson, Jesper Säfholm, Mikael Adner, and Sven-Erik Dahlén. "The bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists denatonium and chloroquine display distinct patterns of relaxation of the guinea pig trachea." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 303, no. 11 (December 1, 2012): L956—L966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00205.2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Activation of taste receptors (TAS2Rs) by bitter taste agonists has been reported to cause bronchodilation. The aim of this study was to extend the information on the effects of bitter taste agonists on responses induced by different contractile mediators in a standard airway physiology preparation. Isometric responses were assessed in guinea pig trachea (GPT). TAS2R agonists were administered either to segments precontracted with different agonists for contraction or given before challenge with the different contractile stimuli, including antigen in tissues from ovalbumin-sensitized animals. TAS2R mRNA expression on GPT epithelium and smooth muscle was measured with real-time PCR. Denatonium, chloroquine, thiamine, and noscapine induced concentration-dependent relaxations (Rmax: 98.3 ± 1.6, 100.0 ± 0.0, 100.0 ± 0.0, and 52.3 ± 1.1% of maximum, respectively, in the presence of indomethacin) in segments precontracted with carbachol. The receptors for denatonium (TAS2R4, TAS2R10) and chloroquine (TAS2R3, TAS2R10) were expressed in GPT. Whereas denatonium selectively inhibited contractions induced by carbachol, chloroquine uniformly inhibited contractions evoked by prostaglandin E2, the thromboxane receptor agonist U-46619, leukotriene D4, histamine, and antigen. The effects of denatonium, but not those of chloroquine, were partly inhibited by blockers of the large Ca2+-activated K+ channels and decreased by an increase of the level of precontraction. In conclusion, TAS2R agonists mediated strong relaxations and substantial inhibition of contractions in GPT. Chloroquine and denatonium had distinct patterns of activity, indicating different signaling mechanisms. The findings reinforce the hypothesis that TAS2Rs are potential targets for the development of a new class of more efficacious agonists for bronchodilation.
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Orlova, Ekaterina, Tom Dudding, Jonathan M. Chernus, Rasha N. Alotaibi, Simon Haworth, Richard J. Crout, Myoung Keun Lee, et al. "Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Transcriptome-Wide Association Study." Genes 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although genetics affects early childhood caries (ECC) risk, few studies have focused on finding its specific genetic determinants. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in five cohorts of children (aged up to 5 years, total N = 2974, cohorts: Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohorts one and two [COHRA1, COHRA2], Iowa Fluoride Study, Iowa Head Start, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC]) aiming to identify genes with potential roles in ECC biology. We meta-analyzed the GWASs testing ~3.9 million genetic variants and found suggestive evidence for association at genetic regions previously associated with caries in primary and permanent dentition, including the β-defensin anti-microbial proteins. We then integrated the meta-analysis results with gene expression data in a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). This approach identified four genes whose genetically predicted expression was associated with ECC (p-values < 3.09 × 10−6; CDH17, TAS2R43, SMIM10L1, TAS2R14). Some of the strongest associations were with genes encoding members of the bitter taste receptor family (TAS2R); other members of this family have previously been associated with caries. Of note, we identified the receptor encoded by TAS2R14, which stimulates innate immunity and anti-microbial defense in response to molecules released by the cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide insight into ECC genetic architecture, underscore the importance of host-microbial interaction in caries risk, and identify novel risk genes.
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Yuan, Yamei, Xiangming Fang, and Weidong Ye. "Acrid and Bitter Chinese Herbs in Decoction Effectively Relieve Lung Inflammation and Regulation of TRPV1/TAS2R14 Channels in a Rat Asthmatic Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (August 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8061740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Shegan Mahuang decoction (SGMHD) was widely used as a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine to treat asthma. However, there is no research on the acrid and bitter Chinese herbs in the SGMHD to treat asthma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SGMHD and its acrid-bitter Chinese herbs composition on airway inflammation and the expression of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 genes and proteins in asthmatic rats. Methods. SD (Sprague Dawley) rats of asthma were induced by ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide, then randomly divided into the Normal group, Model group, SGMHD group, Dexamethasone (Dex) group, Guilongkechuangning (GLKC) group, The Acrid Chinese Herbs group (ACH), and The Bitter Chinese Herbs group (BCH). The rats were given intragastric gavage after 21 days for 4 weeks. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and the levels of IL-4, IL-13, nerve factors SP, CGRP, PGE2, and serum of IgE were determined by ELISA. Pathological changes in the lungs were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 in the rat lung group was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). The expression levels of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 were measured using western blotting. The mRNA levels of TRPV1 and TAS2R14 were measured using RT-qPCR. Results. The levels of serum IgE in treated rats and the cytokines IL-4, IL-13, SP, CGRP, and PGE2 were all decreased. HE-staining showed that significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue. IF-staining showed the expression levels except those of the normal group were enhanced. Acrid Chinese herbs inhibited TRPV1, and bitter Chinese herbs activated the gene and protein expression of TAS2R in the lung. Conclusion. The acrid Chinese herbs regulate TRPV1, and bitter Chinese herbs regulate the gene and protein expression of TAS2R14, through nerve and immune-inflammatory factors, reduced airway inflammation, reduced airway reactivity, promoted airway remodeling, and the combination of acrid-bitter Chinese herbs can enhance the above effects. This will lay a foundation for further in vivo study of specific compounds of acrid-bitter Chinese herbs.
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Taher, Shèdy, Yamilette Borja, Lucía Cabanela, Vincent J. Costers, Morgan Carson-Marino, Julie C. Bailes, Biswadeep Dhar, et al. "Cholecystokinin, gastrin, cholecystokinin/gastrin receptors, and bitter taste receptor TAS2R14: trophoblast expression and signaling." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 316, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): R628—R639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00153.2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in humans and mice, and the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 in the human placenta. Because CCK and gastrin activate the CCKBR receptor, we also explored placental gastrin expression. Finally, we investigated calcium signaling by CCK and TAS2R14. By RT-PCR, we found CCK/Cck and GAST/Gast mRNA expression in both normal human and mouse placentas, as well as in human trophoblast cell lines (TCL). Although both Cckar and – br mRNA were expressed in the mouse placenta, only CCKBR mRNA was detected in the human placenta and TCL. mRNA expression for TAS2R14 was also observed in the human placenta and TCL. Using immunohistochemistry, CCK protein was localized to the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) in the human term placenta, and to trophoblast glycogen cells in mouse and human placentas. Gastrin and TAS2R14 proteins were also observed in ST and EVT of the human placenta. Both sulfated and nonsulfated CCK elicited a comparable rise in intracellular calcium in TCL, consistent with CCKBR expression. Three TAS2R14 agonists, flufenamic acid, chlorhexidine, and diphenhydramine, also evoked rises in intracellular calcium in TCL. These results establish CCK, gastrin, and their receptor(s) in both human and mouse placentas, and TAS2R14 in the human placenta. Both CCK and TAS2R14 agonists increased intracellular calcium in human TCL. Although the roles of these ligands and receptors, and their potential cross talk in normal and pathological placentas, are currently unknown, this study opens new avenues for placental research.
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Le Nevé, Boris, Martin Foltz, Hannelore Daniel, and Robin Gouka. "The steroid glycoside H.g.-12 from Hoodia gordonii activates the human bitter receptor TAS2R14 and induces CCK release from HuTu-80 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 6 (December 2010): G1368—G1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00135.2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Steroid glycosides extracted from the succulent plant Hoodia gordonii are suggested to have appetite-suppressant effects both in animals and humans. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the putative satiety action of Hoodia steroid glycosides are not fully understood. We found that H.g.-12, a steroid glycoside purified from H. gordonii extract, initiated cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion both ex vivo in rat intestine and in vitro in the human enteroendocrine (EC) cell line HuTu-80. CCK is known to exert central effects on appetite suppression via the vagus nerve which afferents terminate in the gut wall. Recent data show that G protein-coupled receptors signaling bitter taste (T2Rs) are expressed in both rodent and human gastrointestinal tract. It was further demonstrated that bitter sensing is functional in mouse STC-1 EC cells and leads to CCK secretion via increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Based on the bitter taste of H. gordonii purified extracts, we assessed whether H.g.-12 could activate human bitter receptors. The steroid glycoside activated selectively TAS2R7 and TAS2R14, both heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells. Removing an essential structural feature from the steroid glycoside inhibited H.g.-12-induced Ca2+ increase in TAS2R14-expressing HEK cells and abolished H.g.-12-induced CCK secretion from human EC cells. Similarly, a nonspecific bitter receptor antagonist abolished H.g.-12-induced CCK secretion in HuTu-80 cells. These results point to a potential route of action by which components of Hoodia might influence appetite control. Our data also provide additional evidence that bitter taste-sensing mechanisms are coupled to hormone release from EC cells in the intestine. Moreover, we identified a natural agonist of TAS2R7 and TAS2R14 for further studies on the role of bitter receptors in satiety control and food intake.
Дисертації з теми "TAS2R14"
1
Nowak, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Struktur- und Funktionsanalysen des humanen Bitterrezeptors TAS2R14 und seiner Agonisten. / Stefanie Nowak." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136903666/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Laura, Crifasi. "THE ROLE OF TASTE RECEPTORS IN MALE AND FEMALE FERTILITY." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1036011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fertility is decreasing worldwide and male infertility factors contribute to approximately 30% of all infertility cases. The causes of this condition are often unknown, and about 40% of infertile men are oligozoospermic or azoospermic despite normal reproductive hormonal profile, presenting a condition of idiopathic infertility. Several studies have demonstrated the expression of taste receptors and their signaling transduction cascade in the male reproductive system, highlighting the potential role of response to chemical stimuli of taste receptors and their possible involvement in sperm maturation as well as in sperm behavior and fertilization. Considering the strong genetic component in male infertility, and the evidence that polymorphic variant in the gene are often functional, this thesis investigates the possible role of taste receptors in spermatogenesis, as well as the functional effect of selected taste receptor polymorphisms in male fertility. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in taste receptors genes might influence sperm functionality, in term of sperm parameters, as well as sperm behavior and fertilization. To this end we conducted a study to identify possible novel markers of susceptibility in human infertility within the taste receptor clusters. We selected 19 SNPs in 12 taste related genes that have been reported to be expressed in human and or mice testis or sperm and analyzed a possible correlation with different types and degrees of male infertility. For this purpose we enrolled 494 male patients, undergoing spermiogram at the Centre of Couple Sterility, Siena University Hospital. All patients were characterized for main sperm parameters, according to WHO (2010) guidelines, and were genotyped for 19 SNPs in taste receptors genes, using the KASPar SNP genotyping system. To assess the possible functional associations between SNPs and sperm parameters, different bioinformatic tools were used. Among the 19 SNPs investigated in this study for their potential association with male infertility, we found that TAS2R14-rs3741843, TAS1R2-rs4920566 and TAS2R3-rs11763979 showed the strongest significant association with specific sperm parameters. In particular, the homozygous carriers of the minor (G) allele of the TAS2R14-rs3741843 SNP showed a decreased sperm progressive motility compared to common (A) homozygous (coefficient= -0.46; P=0.003). Moreover, GTEx we showed that TAS2R14-rs3741843 has a plethora of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in various tissues, and in the testicular tissue the SNP has one of the biggest effect size, suggesting its importance in this tissue.
In addition, we analyzed, in human ejaculated sperm, the gene expression profile of the selected taste receptors, as well as of several genes involved in the signal transduction cascade elicited by these receptors. We partially confirmed the obtained data from the gene expression analysis at the protein level both in human sperm as well as in mouse sperm and testis (this study has been carried out during my training period at the Walther Straub Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich). In particular, by using the Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques, we focused on the bitter receptor TAS2R4, TAS2R14, and the umami receptor TAS1R1 and the G proteins α-gustducin and α-transducin.
Since we observed the expression of the detected proteins in the male reproductive system, we carried out the same analysis in the female somatic follicular cells, namely cumulus and granulosa cells, that play an important role in the oocyte competence acquiring and fertilization process .
Immunofluorescence assay revealed a cytoplasmic localization in cumulus cells and granulose cells, in particular around the nucleus, probably in the transition region between rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, where the protein concentration inside vesicles prelude to an active transport/release from these cells.
In conclusion, our results suggest a role of genetic variability of taste receptors in human male infertility, as indicated by the significant correlation with the main sperm, and the expression of several components of taste receptor transduction cascade in male and female gametes
3
Gous, Andries Gustav Stefanus. "Perceptions and acceptance of grapefruit-like model beverages that vary in taste colour and aroma sensory properties : effects of sensitivity to bitter taste and TAS2R38 and TAS2R19 bitter receptor genes." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grapefruit juice is an excellent source of many nutrients and phytochemicals that contribute to a healthy diet. Currently, there is an increasing interest in grapefruit products because consumption appears to be associated with a reduced risk of certain chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancers and cardiovascular disease. The consumption of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen) however remains low in South Africa as some individuals like grapefruit and others do not and the reason/s for this variation is not clear. Taste, aroma and colour are important fruit product quality factors that influence consumer preferences. Perception of grapefruit flavour does not depend on only one individual sense, but is the result of multisensory integration of unimodal signals. Where there is a mixture of appearance, taste and aroma signals, cross-modal sensory interaction occurs which may potentially change the intensity and character of flavour perception. Sensory perception is interpreted differently across individuals. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of varying the bitterness, sweetness, colour and aroma intensities of a grapefruit-like model beverage on the perception of sensory properties and consumer liking of the beverages with the aim of giving guidance to breeders on selection and improvement of grapefruit traits to optimize hedonic value. The second objective of this study was to determine the effects of sensitivity to bitter taste [as determined through 6-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster classification] and genetic
variation in TAS2R38 and TAS2R19 SNP genotypes on hedonic rating of the flavour of grapefruit-like beverages differing in bitter/sweet taste intensity.
A factorial design was used to formulate 36 grapefruit-like beverages with deflavoured clarified apple juice as base and modification of bitter taste (3 levels), sweet taste (3 levels), aroma intensity (2 levels) and colour (red or yellow). Descriptive analysis was used to describe the sensory profiles of the 36 beverages. Hedonic rating of colour, aroma and flavour of the 12 most diverse beverages from the design was measured with a consumer panel. Sensitivity to bitter taste of 96 young African females (18-24 years) was measure and the respondents classified into PROP taster groups. DNA was extracted from the saliva of the participants for genotyping of TAS2R38 and TAS2R19 bitter receptor genes. The subjects also rated the flavour of grapefruit-like beverages differing in bitter taste intensity for hedonic value.
The results showed that varying the bitterness, sweetness, colour and aroma intensity of the grapefruit-like model beverage have an effect on the sensory properties and consumer liking of the beverages. The concentration of naringin in the grapefruit-like beverage increased the bitter taste, aftertaste and grapefruit flavour intensity of the drink. Consumers preferred grapefruit-like beverages with a red colour and low bitterness. Sensitivity to the bitterness of grapefruit beverages and whether there is an association between genetics of bitter taste perception and liking of grapefruit were further explored. The results then showed that respondents’ sensitivity to bitter taste, as well as genetic variation in TAS2R38 and TAS2R19 (single SNP genotypes) are partly responsible for the lower liking of grapefruit model beverages with higher naringin (more bitterness) concentration.
In this study, sensitivity of respondents to bitter taste (PROP status) has been linked to preference for red coloured grapefruit beverages, grapefruit beverages with low bitterness/high sweetness and grapefruit-like beverages with low intensity of grapefruit aroma. This is the first study to report on consumers’ perception and acceptance of grapefruit-like model beverages that vary in taste, colour and aroma sensory properties. People differ genetically in bitter taste sensitivity and this research demonstrated the role of some genetic variables (notably rs10772420 of the TAS2R19 SNP genotype and both rs713598 and rs1726866 of the TAS2R38 SNP genotypes). It is the first study showing the effect of TAS2R38 SNP genotypes on grapefruit liking. It is also the first study to determine the effect of PROP taster status, perception of grapefruit beverage characteristics (e.g. bitterness level, colour type and aroma level) and variation in TAS2R38 and TAS2R19 SNP genotypes on hedonic ratings for colour,
aroma and flavour of grapefruit-like beverages in a group of South African females. So far populations from Africa have been under represented in similar studies. Most studies where a link between rs10772420 and lower bitterness perception and greater liking for unsweetened grapefruit juice was established, included only Caucasians. Studying the role of genetic differences in sensitivity to PROP bitterness (e.g. in taster status) in modulating multisensory grapefruit flavour perception is needed to determine why the liking for grapefruit varies between individuals.
The findings of this study can help researchers and breeders to change properties and traits in grapefruit varieties, can assist product formulators and quality assurance staff to optimize the flavour of grapefruit products for consumer acceptance and to make the generic product more acceptable to a larger portion of the South African population. However, the sample of respondents used in this research represents only a small portion of the South African population and therefore cannot be extrapolated to represent the population. The insights gained from this subgroup may be used to enhance the acceptance of grapefruit products for the larger population.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Food Science
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糸井川, 壮大. "キツネザル科における食性適応に伴う苦味受容体TAS2R16の機能進化". Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263512.
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Thalmann, Sophie. "Korrelation zwischen der genetischen und der funktionellen Diversität humaner Bitterrezeptoren." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6684/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Der Mensch besitzt ~25 funktionelle Bitterrezeptoren (TAS2R), die für die Wahrnehmung potenziell toxischer Substanzen in der Nahrung verantwortlich sind. Aufgrund der großen genetischen Variabilität der TAS2R-Gene könnte es eine Vielzahl funktionell unterschiedlicher TAS2R-Haplotypen geben, die zu Unterschieden der Bitterwahrnehmung führen. Dies konnte bereits in funktionellen Analysen und sensorischen Studien für einzelne Bitterrezeptoren gezeigt werden. In dieser Arbeit wurden die häufigsten Haplotypen aller 25 Bitterrezeptoren verschiedener Ethnien funktionell charakterisiert. Das Ziel war eine umfassende Aussage über die funktionelle Diversität der TAS2Rs, die die molekulare Grundlage für individuelle Bitterwahrnehmung bildet, treffen zu können. Fehlende Varianten wurden aus genomischer DNA kloniert oder durch gezielte Mutagenese bereits vorhandener TAS2R-Konstrukte generiert. Die funktionelle Analyse erfolgte mittels Expression der TAS2R-Haplotypen in HEK293TG16gust44 Zellen und anschließenden Calcium-Imaging-Experimenten mit zwei bekannten Agonisten. Die Haplotypen der fünf orphanen TAS2Rs wurden mit über hundert Bitterstoffen stimuliert. Durch die gelungene Deorphanisierung des TAS2R41 in dieser Arbeit, wurden für die 21 aktivierbaren TAS2Rs 36 funktionell-unterschiedliche Haplotypen identifiziert. Die tatsächliche funktionelle Vielfalt blieb jedoch deutlich hinter der genetischen Variabilität der TAS2Rs zurück. Neun Bitterrezeptoren wiesen funktionell homogene Haplotypen auf oder besaßen nur eine weltweit vorherrschende Variante. Funktionell heterogene Haplotypen wurden für zwölf TAS2Rs identifiziert. Inaktive Varianten der Rezeptoren TAS2R9, TAS2R38 und TAS2R46 sollten die Wahrnehmung von Bitterstoffen wie Ofloxacin, Cnicin, Hydrocortison, Limonin, Parthenolid oder Strychnin beeinflussen. Unterschiedlich sensitive Varianten, besonders der Rezeptoren TAS2R47 und TAS2R49, sollten für Agonisten wie Absinthin, Amarogentin oder Cromolyn ebenfalls zu phänotypischen Unterschieden führen. Wie für den TAS2R16 bereits gezeigt, traten Haplotypen des funktionell heterogenen TAS2R7 und TAS2R41 ethnien-spezifisch auf, was auf lokale Anpassung und verschiedene Phänotypen hinweisen könnte. Weiterführend muss nun eine Analyse der funktionell-variablen TAS2Rs in sensorischen Tests erfolgen, um ihre phänotypische Relevanz zu prüfen. Die Analyse der funktionsmodulierenden Aminosäurepositionen, z.Bsp. des TAS2R44, TAS2R47 oder TAS2R49, könnte weiterführend zum besseren Verständnis der Rezeptor-Ligand- und Rezeptor-G-Protein-Interaktion beitragen.Bitter taste perception varies markedly from person to person, due to a high number of polymorphisms present in the 25 known functional bitter receptors (TAS2Rs). These polymorphisms lead to a number of haplotypes for each receptor, which are common in different populations, but vary in frequency. The individual combination of receptor variants seems to determine the person’s sensitivity of bitter perception, as could already be shown for single TAS2Rs. Bitter is an aversive taste quality, indicating the ingestion of harmful substances. Different sensitivity could have an impact on food choice. In order to characterize functional consequences of the genetic diversity, we performed calcium imaging experiments with all main haplotypes for the 25 bitter receptors. The obtained information about receptor properties enables us on the one hand to analyze structure-function relationships and on the other hand gives us the functional diverse candidates to focus on in psychophysical studies. The overall aim is to show genotype-phenotype correlation for bitter taste perception and their impact on food choice and therefore diet and health. Our first aim was to identify agonists for the 5 receptors, which could not be deorphaned in previous screens. We challenged all main haplotypes of these TAS2Rs with 106 bitter compounds and could identify the antibiotic chloramphenicol as agonist for bitter receptor TAS2R41. In total we identified 36 functionally different receptor variants of the 21 deorphaned TAS2Rs. Main haplotypes of nine TAS2Rs were functionally homogeneous while twelve TAS2Rs possessed between two and three functionally heterogeneous receptor variants. In summary the observed functional diversity is not as big as expected. Based on our in vitro findings the shown functional diversity of these twelve bitter receptors might be the molecular basis for individual differences in bitter taste perception and will be further analyzed in psychophysical studies.
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ZONZA, ANDREA. "La percezione del gusto amaro nell’uomo: la sensibilità gustativa al 6-n-propiltiouracile (PROP) come marker della variabilità individuale con implicazioni fisiologico-nutrizionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PROP sensitivity varies greatly among individuals and can strongly influence food choice and satiety. It is associated with the bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38)
and with differences in the salivary proteins involved in taste function. Among them, the enzyme Zn dependent gustin, a trophic factor of taste buds. We investigated the possible association of PROP taste phenotype with TAS2R38
haplotypes, gustin gene polymorphism rs2274333 (A/G), salivary Zn2+concentration and BMI. BMI were determined in 76 volunteers (29 males, 47 females, age 25 ± 3 y).
PROP phenotype was determined by scaling methods and threshold measurements. The salivary Zn2+ concentration was determined and molecular analysis of TAS2R38 and gustin gene polymorphisms were performed using PCR techniques.
PROP threshold determination can discriminate tasters from nontasters, while scaling methods distinguish also medium tasters from supertasters. Salivary Zn2+ and BMI were greater in nontasters than in supertasters. Molecular analysis of gustin DNA showed that allele A were more frequent in supertasters, while allele G were more frequent in nontasters. The lowest responsiveness in nontasters is strongly associated to AVI nontasting variant of TAS2R38, while the highest responsiveness in supertasters is strongly associated to allele A of gustin gene. The two genes account for up to 60% of phenotypic variance in
PROP bitterness and to 40% in threshold values. These data demonstrated that sensitivity to PROP is inversely related to BMI and salivary Zn2+ and directly associated with the dimorphism rs2274333 in gustin gene that is hypothesized to affect its function. In addition, showed how the combination of TAS2R38 and gustin gene genotypes modulate PROP phenotype providing an additional tool for the evaluation of human eating behaviour and nutritional status.
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Bufe, Bernd. "Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Bitterrezeptoren." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2004/0013/bufe.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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ATZORI, ELENA. "Molecular studies in the human salivary protein carbonic anhydrase VI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The genetic ability to feel the bitter taste of thioureas, such as PROP, varies greatly
among individuals influencing the choice of food and body composition.
Sensitive and non-sensitive individuals were defined respectively as “ Taster ” and
“ No Tasters ”.
The term “ Super Tasters ” is used to distinguish individuals who perceive PROP as
most bitter to those defined as “ Medium Tasters ” who perceive the bitter taste
moderately. The sensitivity to PROP is associated with the haplotypes ( PAV and
AVI ) receptor gene TAS2R38, and may be associated with polymorphisms of the
gene gustina ( CA6 ). The gustina is a zinc dependent enzyme present in human
saliva implicated in the development of taste buds.
The aim of this work was to analyze the association between sensitivity to PROP ,
the polymorphism rs2274333 (A / G) gene gustina, zinc and salivary polymorphisms
of TAS2R38 and BMI .
In 75 volunteers aged between 21 and 28 years were determined by BMI and Zn ² +
salivate. The sensitivity to PROP was determined by evaluation of the intensity of the
sensation evoked by suprathreshold solutions and determining the threshold of
perception. Molecular analysis of the gene and gustina receptor gene TAS2R38 were
performed by means of PCR, PCR -RFLP and sequencing of fragments obtained .
The average values of the concentration of zinc salivary and BMI were higher in
individuals defined as “ No Tasters ” than those determined in the “Super Tasters ”.
The low taste sensitivity to PROP of “ No Tasters ” was strongly associated with the
G allele of the gene polymorphism of gustina and the variant of the TAS2R38 AVI,
while the high sensitivity of the “Super Tasters ” is strongly associated allele A gene
gustina all'aplotipo PAV and the TAS2R38. Moreover, while the A allele of the gene
of gustina is found to be more important for the perception of low concentrations of
PROP, the variant of the TAS2R38 PAV is most important result for the evaluation
of the intensity of the sensation evoked by high concentrations of PROP.
These data show that the sensitivity to PROP is inversely related to BMI and Zinc
salivary and directly associated with the gene dimorphism gustina is assumed that
might influence the function of the protein. In addition, these new findings explain
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how the combination of gene gustina and TAS2R38 genotype may modulate the
phenotype of sensitivity to PROP providing an additional tool for the evaluation of
human eating behavior and nutritional status.
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MELIS, MELANIA. "Sensitivity to chemical stimuli plays a fundamental role in the food preferences. Examples in the evolutionary scale: 1. Role of the walking leg chemoreceptors in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus Clarkii 2. PROP bitter taste sensitivity and its nutritional implications in Humans." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, we studied two examples of the sensitivity to chemical stimuli and its role in the food preferences in two models of the evolutionary scale.
The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Crustacea: Decapoda) is an invasive species of freshwater habitats that has spread worldwide. In crayfish, like in other decapod crustaceans, reception of chemical cues occurs by way of peripheral chemoreceptors grouped within sensory hairs and typically located on the cuticle of cephalothoracic appendages. Antennules and pereopods (walking legs), in particular, have been reported to be olfactory organs involved in a number of behavioral responses, such as, sex recognition and localization of food sources in the environment. By way of extracellular nerve recordings coupled with behavioral bioassays, we investigated the sensitivity spectra of the walking leg chemoreceptors in the crayfish P. clarkii in response to different compounds of feeding significance and related to its omnivorous habits. Our results confirmed a marked sensitivity of the legs to trehalose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, glycine and leucine. Some sensitivity to glucose, fructose, asparagine (all food indicators) and taurocholic acid was also found, the sugar-sensitive chemoreceptor units resulting as broadly tuned to the carbohydrates. Responses were highly phasic to trehalose (hemolymph sugar in the body fluid of many invertebrates), phasic to glycine and leucine and phasic-tonic to the other compounds. This suggests that chemoreceptor phasicity is an additional property for better discrimination of the protein components in the diet from other stimuli. The behavioral bioassays excluded, at least under confined experimental conditions, any involvement of antennules in the detection of food-related compounds, thus emphasizing the role of the crayfish legs as the main short-distance, broad-spectrum sensors for feeding. Such information may be valuable for the identification of key chemicals aimed at the future development of strategies for crayfish population control programs.
Taste sensitivity varies greatly in humans, influencing eating behavior and therefore may play a role in body composition. PROP bitter taste sensitivity is the most studied example of the individual variability of taste sensitivity. Some studies show that PROP bitter taste sensitivity may be correlated with sensitivity to other oral stimuli, food preferences and BMI, while other studies did not confirm this association. It is known that PROP phenotype is associated with variant in bitter taste receptors TAS2R38 and with density of fungiform papillae on tongue surface. Although most of PROP phenotypic variations are explained by the allelic diversity of the bitter receptor TAS2R38, they cannot explain the PROP taster status-related differences above all that in the perception to different oral stimuli. The aim of this study was identify and characterize other factors that may contribute to differences in the genetic predisposition to taste PROP and identify confounding variables which may explain the controversial data in the literature about the relationship between PROP taste sensitivity and BMI. 1) We investigated the possible relationship between PROP bitter taste responsiveness and salivary proteins by using HPLC-ESI-MS on saliva sample before and after PROP taste stimulation. 2) We evaluated the role of proteins and free amino acids in modulating bitter taste responsiveness. Subjects rated PROP bitterness after supplementation of two salivary proteins (Ps-1 and II-2), and the free form of constituent amino acids of the two proteins sequences (L-Arg and L-Lys) whose interaction with PROP was demonstrated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 3) We investigate the role of polymorphism rs2274333 (A/G) in the gene that codify for the salivary trofic factor gustin protein, in PROP sensitivity and fungiform papilla density and morphology and in vitro we investigate the effect of this gustin gene polymorphism on cell proliferation and metabolic activity, following treatment with saliva of individuals with and without the gustin gene mutation, and with isolated protein, in the two iso-forms. 4) We investigated whether the endocannabinoid system, which modulates hunger/satiety and energy balance, plays a role in modulating eating behaviour influenced by a sensitivity to PROP which could explain the controversial data in literature. In particular we determined the plasma profile of the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA) and congeners in normal-weight PROP super-tasters and non-tasters, also we assessed the cognitive eating behavior disorder by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire.
The results showed that: 1) Basal levels of II-2 and Ps-1 proteins, belonging to the basic proline-rich protein (bPRPs) family, were significantly higher in PROP super-taster than in non-taster unstimulated saliva, and PROP stimulation elicited a rapid increase in the levels of these same proteins only in PROP super-taster saliva. 2) Supplementation of Ps-1 protein in individuals lacking it in saliva enhanced their PROP bitter responsiveness. 1H-NMR results showed that the interaction between PROP and L-Arg is stonger than that involving L-Lys, and taste experiments confirmed that oral supplementation with L-Arg increase more PROP bitterness intensity than L-Lys. 3) Gustin and TAS2R38 genotypes were associated with PROP threshold, while bitterness intensity was mostly determined by TAS2R38 genotypes. Fungiform papillae densities were associated with both genotypes (with a stronger effect for gustin), but papilla morphology was a function of gustin alone. In vitro experiment, the treatment of isolated cells with saliva from individuals with AA form, and direct application of the active iso-form of gustin protein, increased cell proliferation and metabolic activity. 4) The disinhibition score of non-taster was higher than those of super-tasters. In addition, we found that the concentration
of endocannabinoid AEA (anandamide) and 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) was lower in the plasma of non taster compared with super-tasters subjects.
In conclusion, among the factors contributing to individual differences of PROP sensitivity, in addition to the TAS2R38 variants with its different affinity for the stimulus, we found: 1-2) the specific salivary proteins of bPRP family (Ps-1) and L-Arg that could be involved in twist and turn of the PROP molecule, thus facilitating its binding with the receptor. 3) A gustin gene polymorphism that, by modulating the protein activity, controls the growth and maintenance of taste buds and 4) the higher disinhibition behaviour in non-tasters may be compensated in part, in normal-weight subjects, by the decrease of peripheral endocannabinoids to downregulate the hunger-energy intake circuitry.
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Pioltine, Marina Brosso. "Influência de polimorfismos nos genes dos receptores de sabor gorduroso, doce e amargo no consumo alimentar e no perfil metabólico de crianças e adolescentes obesos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-24022016-090956/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade infantil é um importante problema de saúde pública e apresenta impacto direto na qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes, bem como no desenvolvimento futuro de doenças crônicas. O padrão alimentar rico em gordura e açúcar, e com baixo aporte de fibra dietética, vitaminas e minerais é reconhecido como fator de risco para o surgimento da obesidade, no entanto os fatores que contribuem para a preferência por alimentos ricos nestes nutrientes não são bem estabelecidos. O sabor dos alimentos é reconhecido como um importante preditor das escolhas alimentares, e os polimorfismos nos genes que codificam os receptores do sabor podem explicar a variabilidade da preferência e consumo alimentar na população. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência de polimorfismos de genes de receptores de sabor gorduroso (CD36), doce (TAS1R2) e amargo (TAS2R38) no consumo alimentar e no perfil metabólico de crianças e adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 668 crianças e adolescentes obesos e um grupo controle de 135 crianças eutróficas, de ambos os gêneros. Foi realizado o estudo molecular dos polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) rs1761667 e rs1527483 do CD36, rs9701796 e rs35874116 do TAS1R2, e rs1726866 e rs713598 do TAS2R38, bem como análise do consumo alimentar e perfil metabólico. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao CD36, o alelo A do rs1761667 relacionou-se com menor consumo de lipídios totais, gorduras poli e monoinsaturadas, consumo de alimentos de sabor gorduroso, ingestão de óleos vegetais e açúcares totais em obesos. O alelo A do rs1527483 associou-se com menor percentil de pressão arterial diastólica, menor massa gorda e maior massa livre de gordura em obesos. Quanto ao gene TAS1R2, a variante rs9701796 teve maior risco metabólico segundo a razão circunferência da cintura-estatura (RCE), bem como relação com maior consumo de achocolatado em pó em obesos. Já a variante rs35874116 mostrou relação com a menor ingestão de fibras dietéticas em obesos. No TAS2R38, o alelo G do rs1726866 foi associado com menor consumo de gorduras monoinsaturadas e maior consumo de açúcares totais, em obesos. O alelo G do rs713598 mostrou relação com maior consumo de carboidratos, consumo de alimentos de sabor doce, refrigerantes e menor ingestão de fibras pelos indivíduos eutróficos. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve relação entre genótipos e risco de obesidade. Os achados mostram a associação entre polimorfismos dos genes de receptores de sabor com o consumo alimentar, indicando diferenças entre obesos e magros, e alelos de proteção e de risco cardiometabólico, respectivamente dos genes CD36 e TAS1R2BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a major public health problem and it has a direct impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents, as well as the future risk for development of chronic diseases. The dietary pattern rich in fats and sugars associated to the low intake of dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals is widespread for the rise of obesity. However the factors that contribute to the preference for foods rich in these nutrients are not well established. Taste is recognized as an important predictor of food choices, and polymorphisms in genes encoding its receptors may explain the variability of taste preference and food intake on population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of polymorphisms of fat (CD36), sweet (TAS1R2) and bitter (TAS2R38) taste receptor genes in diet and metabolic profile in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 668 obese children and adolescents and a control group of 135 normal-weight children. The molecular study was made for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1761667 and rs1527483 of CD36, rs9701796 and rs35874116 of TAS1R2, rs1726866 and rs713598 of TAS2R38, and the analysis of food intake and metabolic profile. RESULTS: In relation to CD36, the A allele of rs1761667 was associated with lower intake of total fat, poly and monounsaturated fats, consumption of fatty flavor food, intake of vegetable oils and total sugars in obese. The A allele of rs1527483 was associated with lower percentile of diastolic blood pressure, lower fat mass and increased fat-free mass in obese. Regarding TAS1R2 gene, the variant rs9701796 was associated to increased metabolic risk according to waist-height ratio, as well as with higher consumption of chocolate powder in obese. The variant rs35874116 showed a lower intake of dietary fiber. In TAS2R38, the G allele of rs1726866 was associated with a lower intake of monounsaturated fat and a higher intake of total sugars in obese. The G allele of rs713598 was related to the higher carbohydrate intake, consumption of sweet tasting food, soda drinks and less fiber intake by normal weight children. CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between genotypes and risk of obesity. The findings show the association between polymorphisms of taste receptor genes with dietary intake, indicating differences between obese and lean children, as well as the protective and risk alleles for cardiometabolic risk in CD36 and TAS1R2, respectively
Частини книг з теми "TAS2R14"
1
"TAS2R." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 5307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_103746.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "TAS2R14"
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Salvator, H., S. Grassin-Delyle, N. Mantov, C. Abrial, M. Brollo, C. Faisy, E. Naline, L. J. Couderc, and P. Devillier. "Bitter Taste Receptors (TAS2Rs) in Human Lung Macrophages: Receptor Expression and Inhibitory Effects of TAS2R Agonists." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4540.
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Grau-Bové, Carme, Alba Miguéns-Gómez, Carlos González-Quilen, Marta Sierra-Cruz, Esther Rodríguez-Gallego, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, M. Teresa Blay, Ximena Terra, Anna Ardévol, and Montserrat Pinent. "Modulation of food intake by selective TAS2R stimulation in rat." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07168.
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Lee, Danielle, Wayne Wang, Deepak Deshpande, Cynthia Koziel-White, Reynold Panettieri, Stephen Liggett, and Steven An. "Chloroquine, A TAS2R Agonist, Promotes Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Despite B2Adrenergic Receptor Tachyphylaxis." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4129.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "TAS2R14"
1
Murray, Janet, Kara Pivarski, and Timothy Hunter. Two complementary methods for genotyping taste receptor TAS2R38 in humans. Genetics Society of America Peer-Reviewed Education Portal (GSA PREP), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/gsaprep.2016.002.
Повний текст джерела