Статті в журналах: "Targeted alternative medicine"

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Xu, Jiamin, Fuqin Kang, Wei Wang, Shujun Liu, Jianhui Xie, and Xiaobo Yang. "Comparison between Heat-Clearing Medicine and Antirheumatic Medicine in Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Tumor Immune Infiltration Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7490279.

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Background. Clinical research found that TCM is therapeutic in treating gastric cancer. Clearing heat is the most common method, while some antirheumatic medicines are widely used in treatment as well. To explore the pharmacological mechanism, we researched the comparison between heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine in treating gastric cancer. Methods. First, related ingredients and targets were searched, respectively, and are shown in an active ingredient-target network. Combining the relevant targets of gastric cancer, we constructed a PPI network and MCODE network. Then, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted. Molecular docking experiments were performed to verify the affinity of targets and ligands. Finally, we analyzed the tumor immune infiltration on gene expression, somatic CNA, and clinical outcome. Results. A total of 31 ingredients and 90 targets of heat-clearing medicine, 31 ingredients and 186 targets of antirheumatic medicine, and 12,155 targets of gastric cancer were collected. Antirheumatic medicine ranked the top in all the enrichment analyses. In the KEGG pathway, both types of medicines were related to pathways in cancer. In the KEGG map, AR, MMP2, ERBB2, and TP53 were the most crucial targets. Key targets and ligands were docked with low binding energy. Analysis of tumor immune infiltration showed that the expressions of AR and ERBB2 were correlated with the abundance of immune infiltration and made a difference in clinical outcomes. Conclusions. Quercetin is an important ingredient in both heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine. AR signaling pathway exists in both types of medicines. The mechanism of the antitumor effect in antirheumatic medicine was similar to trastuzumab, a targeted drug aimed at ERBB2. Both types of medicines were significant in tumor immune infiltration. The immunology of gastric tumor deserves further research.

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Bathori, Gyorgy, Laszlo Cervenak, and Istvan Karadi. "Caveolae-An Alternative Endocytotic Pathway for Targeted Drug Delivery." Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 21, no. 2 (2004): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v21.i2.10.

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Wang, Yang, Ru-Yuan Yu, and Qing-Yu He. "Proteomic Analysis of Anticancer TCMs Targeted at Mitochondria." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/539260.

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a rich resource of anticancer drugs. Increasing bioactive natural compounds extracted from TCMs are known to exert significant antitumor effects, but the action mechanisms of TCMs are far from clear. Proteomics, a powerful platform to comprehensively profile drug-regulated proteins, has been widely applied to the mechanistic investigation of TCMs and the identification of drug targets. In this paper, we discuss several bioactive TCM products including terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides that were extensively investigated by proteomics to illustrate their antitumor mechanisms in various cancers. Interestingly, many of these natural compounds isolated from TCMs mostly exert their tumor-suppressing functions by specifically targeting mitochondria in cancer cells. These TCM components induce the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, and the accumulation of ROS, initiating apoptosis cascade signaling. Proteomics provides systematic views that help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the TCM in tumor cells; it bears the inherent limitations in uncovering the drug-protein interactions, however. Subcellular fractionation may be coupled with proteomics to capture and identify target proteins in mitochondria-enriched lysates. Furthermore, translating mRNA analysis, a new technology profiling the drug-regulated genes in translatome level, may be integrated into the systematic investigation, revealing global information valuable for understanding the action mechanism of TCMs.

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Cho, Chi-shing. "Progress of integrative medicine, human papillomavirus vaccine and molecular targeted therapy for cervical cancer." Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 6, no. 2 (February 15, 2008): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20080220.

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Hart, Jane. "Targeted Complementary Therapies for Migraine Headaches." Alternative and Complementary Therapies 20, no. 3 (June 2014): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/act.2014.20303.

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Gao, RuiJiao, and Ying Lv. "Characterizing the Antitumor Effect of Coptis chinensis and Mume Fructus against Colorectal Cancer Based on Pharmacological Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (June 23, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9061752.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide and is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths. Previous studies have observed that Coptis chinensis (CC) and Mume Fructus (MF) are effective against CRC, enteritis, and intestinal dysbiosis, but the chemical and pharmacological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed pharmacological network analysis to reveal mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of CC and MF against CRC. All compounds and targeted genes were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on GSE146587, GSE156720, and GSE184093 datasets. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify putative target genes of CC and MF. Ten key targeted genes were identified, including CCND1, ICAM1, IL1B, IL-6, MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, MYC, SERPINE1, and VEGFA. Among these genes, six (ICAM1, IL1B, IL-6, MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, and SERPINE1) were positively correlated with levels of effector memory CD4 T cells and natural killer T cells, and three (CCND1, MYC, and VEGFA) were negatively correlated with type 17 T helper cells and CD56dim natural killer cells. Molecular docking analysis showed that four compounds of CC and MF (kaempferol, oleanolic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid) could affect CRC by interacting with target genes. Our study proved that pharmacological analysis could reliably assess the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines for treating cancer.

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Tarpomanova, T., S. Filkova, and P. Mincheva-Bolgurova. "THE ATTITUDES OF THE BULGARIAN CITIZENS TO ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE METHODS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, no. 2 (2020): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.02.009.

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The purpose of the study was to research the attitudes of the Bulgaria citizens to alternative medicine methods among students at the Medical university in the city of Varna and administrative personnel - working people who are under a risk of professional deseases. Methods Randomly selected Bulgarian citizens were interviewed and divided in two groups: Group A – 129 students from the medical university of Varna age 18 to 30 years old and Group B – 121 people working in the in the administrative departments age 31 to 66 years old. Results The 37,2% of the people from Group A and 52, 1% of the people in group B were aware of the essence of the methods of the alternative medicine. The 62% of the students and the 75,2% of the administrative personnel thought that alternative methods used in the countries from the East are protecting and preventing diseases. The actual personal experience in using those methods in both groups was very low –below 10% for Group A and below 25% for Group B. Conclusions Bulgarian citizens are still not informed enough for the non-conventional methods and their application which needs to be directed in informing, educating and more practical work towards the targeted groups.

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Sun, Yunbo, Lina Du, Meiyan Yang, Qi Li, Xueli Jia, Qian Li, Lin Zhu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yijing Liu, and Shuchen Liu. "Brain-targeted drug delivery assisted by physical techniques and its potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine." Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (July 2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2021.07.003.

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Maimon, Yair, Noah Samuels, Zoya Cohen, Raanan Berger, and David S. Rosenthal. "Botanical Formula LCS101: A Multi-Targeted Approach to Cancer Care." Integrative Cancer Therapies 17, no. 4 (October 10, 2018): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735418801528.

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Background and Purpose: LCS101 is a botanical formula extracted from 14 botanical components. While conventional oncology focuses on targeted medicine, research on LCS101 adopts a multi-targeted approach, examining its preclinical (in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo) and clinical (randomized controlled trial, pragmatic) effects. This includes examining the formula’s impact on the immune system, selective anticancer effects, and improved chemotherapy-related symptoms and quality of life. Effects on the Immune System: In murine splenic cell cultures, LCS101 significantly increased T-cell proliferation and macrophage tumor necrosis factor-α production. Blood samples from healthy volunteers exposed to LCS101 showed a dose-dependent increase in natural killer cell activity; and a randomized controlled trial showed significantly lower rates of leucopenia/neutropenia and anemia in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Selective Anticancer Effects: In vitro LCS101 demonstrated selective growth inhibition (on XTT viability assay) in human breast and prostate cancer cell lines, without any harmful effects on normal human epithelial cells. The anticancer effects were attributed to reactive oxygen species activity. Cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil on breast cancer cell lines were significantly increased following exposure to LCS101, with a protective effect in normal cells. Symptom Relief and Quality of Life: Clinical research shows that patients taking LCS101 during chemotherapy are less likely to report symptoms such as fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: LCS101 exhibits multi-targeted effects, with significant implications for cancer care. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of these findings.

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Jang, Soobin, and Boram Lee. "Clinical Practice Pattern of Korean Medicine Doctors in Idiopathic Short Stature Treatment: A Survey Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1505643.

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Background. Korean medicine (KM) interventions are attractive for children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). We investigated the real-world clinical practice patterns of KM doctors in ISS treatment. Methods. The survey targeted KM doctors who have treated patients with ISS in KM clinical settings for >3 years. We included questions on the diagnosis and treatment patterns, effects, cost, and opinions of doctors on KM treatment for ISS. A frequency analysis was performed. Results. There were 58 respondents, and “heights of parents” (n = 57, 98.3%), “height, weight, and growth rate of child” (n = 55, 94.8%), and “amount of meals, digestive function” (n = 52, 89.7%) were frequently used as indicators for diagnosis and treatment. The most frequently used KM interventions were “herbal medicine” (n = 58, 100%), “acupuncture” (n = 49, 84.5%), “moxibustion” (n = 38, 65.5%), “dry cupping” (n = 26, 44.8%), and “physiotherapy” (n = 22, 37.9%). Herbal medicines were generally prescribed to tonify the spleen or kidney, and the most frequently used individual herbs were Acanthopanacis cortex, Astragali Radix, and Cervi parvum cornu. The most common acupuncture points were ST36, GB34, SP6, EX-LE5, and LI4. Conclusions. This study showed the use of KM for ISS in real-world clinical settings. In the future, well-designed clinical studies to verify the effect of KM treatment on ISS based on real-world clinical practice patterns should be actively performed.

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Ma, Ying-Jie, Li-Hua Yuan, Ji-Mei Xiao, Hua-Ying Jiang, Yuan-Hong Sa, Hong-Qi Sun, Jing-Yan Song, and Zhen-Gao Sun. "The Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Semi-Targeted Metabolomics to Improve IVF Outcomes in Senile Patients." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (November 10, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6696305.

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Objective. To identify the biological function and metabolic pathway of differential metabolites in follicular fluid of senile patients with kidney qi deficiency undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and observe the effect of kidney-invigorating herbs on IVF outcomes in senile patients. Methods. A total of 95 women undergoing IVF treatment were recruited and divided into three groups, including 34 cases in the treatment group (the senile patients with kidney qi deficiency after the intervention of Chinese medicine), 31 cases in the experiment group (the senile patients with kidney qi deficiency of no intervention of Chinese medicine), and 30 cases in the control group (young women with infertility due to male factor). The three groups of women were treated with long protocol ovarian hyperstimulation; the treatment group was given Qi-Zi-Yu-Si decoction on the day of HCG downregulation. Their IVF clinical outcomes were observed. The metabolites changes of kidney qi deficiency syndrome were analyzed in follicular fluid metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results. The syndrome score of kidney qi deficiency syndrome in the treatment group was significantly improved after treatment ( P < 0.01 ). Compared with the experiment group, the available embryo rate and implantation rate were increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Progesterone, indoleacrylic acid, 2-propenyl 1-(1-propenylsulfinyl) propyl disulfide, N-acetyltryptophan, decanoylcarnitine, 20a-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone acetate, eicosatrienoic acid, 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, choline, phosphorylcholine, and tryptophan were downregulated in the treatment group. Through pathway analysis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis were regulated in senile patients with kidney qi deficiency after Qi-Zi-Yu-Si decoction intervention. Conclusion. Qi-Zi-Yu-Si decoction can effectively improve the IVF outcome and clinical symptoms of senile patients. Follicular fluid metabolites were significantly changed in senile infertile women with kidney qi deficiency, and the mechanism by which kidney-invigorating herbs improve IVF treatment outcomes may be related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ChiCTR1800014422).

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Snyder, Jeremy, Marco Zenone, and Timothy Caulfield. "Crowdfunding for complementary and alternative medicine: What are cancer patients seeking?" PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): e0242048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242048.

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Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly being integrated into conventional medical care for cancer, used to counter the side effects of conventional cancer treatment, and offered as an alternative to conventional cancer care. Our aim is to gain a broader understanding of trends in CAM interventions for cancer and crowdfunding campaigns for these interventions. Methods GoFundMe campaigns fundraising for CAM were retrieved through a database of crowdfunding campaign data. Search terms were drawn from two National Institutes of Health lists of CAM cancer interventions and a previous study. Campaigns were excluded that did not match these or related search terms or were initiated outside of June 4th, 2018 to June 4th, 2019. Results 1,396 campaigns were identified from the US (n = 1,037, 73.9%), Canada (n = 165, 11.8%), and the UK (n = 107, 7.7%). Most common cancer types were breast (n = 344, 24.6%), colorectal (n = 131, 9.4%), and brain (n = 98, 7.0%). CAM interventions sought included supplements (n = 422, 30.2%), better nutrition (n = 293, 21.0%), high dose vitamin C (n = 276, 19.8%), naturopathy (n = 226, 16.2%), and cannabis products (n = 211, 15.1%). Mexico (n = 198, 41.9%), and the US (n = 169, 35.7%) were the most common treatment destinations. Conclusions These findings confirm active and ongoing interest in using crowdfunding platforms to finance CAM cancer interventions. They confirm previous findings that CAM users with cancer tend to have late stage cancers, cancers with high mortality rates, and specific diseases such as breast cancer. These findings can inform targeted responses where facilities engage in misleading marketing practices and the efficacy of interventions is unproven.

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Goldenberg, Joshua Z., and Cynthia A. Wenner. "A Novel N of 1 Trial Design and Proposed Utility in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 17, no. 2 (March 22, 2012): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587212437556.

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An N of 1 trial is a multiple crossover study in a single participant. N of 1trials can combine the benefits of individualized patient practice and evidence-based medicine and are amenable to complementary and alternative medicine practice and research. This article will review the basic structure of N of 1trials, discuss how they are commonly used, and review their limitations and statistical considerations. The authors also propose a novel use of the N of 1 trial in the form of mixed-methodology add-on N of 1 trials targeted to a parent trial’s responders. This design can help uncover evidence of subgroup effects in small trials, address issues surrounding the small study effect, and explore the role of interparticipant variability and random chance in the parent trial.

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Buzikov, S. V., O. M. Buzikova, and M. V. Motovilova. "Reducing the technosphere impact of agricultural machines by expanding the low-temperature applicability of alternative fuels." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1076, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1076/1/012012.

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Abstract The subject of the study was alternative fuels used in agricultural machines. As an alternative fuel, a mixture consisting of diesel fuel, rapeseed oil and a targeted additive was considered. The main task was to develop a method for expanding the limits of low-temperature properties of alternative fuels used in tractors of agricultural machines. Because of the studies, a mathematical calculation model for determining the clouding temperature of an alternative fuel with the addition of a targeted additive was developed, the obtained calculation mathematical model was tested with experimental data, which showed 96 % convergence of theoretical calculations with experimental data. The low-temperature applicability of alternative fuel has been expanded by 9 degrees, and it has been proven that for normal operation of a diesel engine in low temperature conditions on fuel with rapeseed oil additives, it is advisable to use a multifunctional additive DIFRON H372 up to 2 %, which allows reducing the level of technospheric impact on the environment.

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Cheng, Chien-shan, Zhiyu Wang, and Jianping Chen. "Targeting FASN in Breast Cancer and the Discovery of Promising Inhibitors from Natural Products Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/232946.

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Molecular targeted therapy has been developed for cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer cells process a fundamental change in its bioenergetic metabolism from normal cells on an altered lipid metabolism, also known as thede novofatty acid synthesis, for sustaining their high proliferation rates. Fatty acid synthesis is now associated with clinically aggressive tumor behavior and tumor cell growth and has become a novel target pathway for chemotherapy development. Although the underlying mechanisms of the alteredde novofatty acid synthesis still remains unclear, recent progress has shown that by targeting Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of endogenous long chain fatty acid could be a critical target for drug discovery. However, relatively few FASN inhibitors have been discovered. With the long history of clinical practices and numerous histological case study reports, traditional Chinese medicine enjoys an important role in seeking bioactive anticancer natural compounds. Herein, we will give an overall picture of the current progress of molecular targeted therapy in cancer fatty acid synthesis, describe the advances in the research on natural products-derived FASN inhibitors and their potential for enhancing our understanding of fatty acids in tumor biology, and may provide new therapeutic moieties for breast cancer patient care.

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Forini, Francesca, Paola Canale, Giuseppina Nicolini, and Giorgio Iervasi. "Mitochondria-Targeted Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease: A Long Road to Nano-Cardio Medicine." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111122.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major threat for human health. The available preventive and treatment interventions are insufficient to revert the underlying pathological processes, which underscores the urgency of alternative approaches. Mitochondria dysfunction plays a key role in the etiopathogenesis of CVD and is regarded as an intriguing target for the development of innovative therapies. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and excessive fission are major noxious pathways amenable to drug therapy. Thanks to the advancements of nanotechnology research, several mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) have been optimized with improved pharmacokinetic and biocompatibility, and lower toxicity and antigenicity for application in the cardiovascular field. This review summarizes the recent progress and remaining obstacles in targeting mitochondria as a novel therapeutic option for CVD. The advantages of nanoparticle delivery over un-targeted strategies are also discussed.

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Yin, Libo. "Targeted Nursing Combined with Endoscopic Submucosal Injection of Carbon Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8663645.

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Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of targeted nursing in an endoscopic submucosal injection of carbon nanoparticles to locate colorectal cancer. Methods. From September 2017 to September 2019, 82 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic submucosal injection of carbon nanoparticles for locating the tumor were recruited and assigned via the random number table method (1 : 1) to receive either conventional nursing (control group) or targeted nursing (observation group). Outcome measures included psychological status, compliance, nursing satisfaction, quality of life, and daily living ability. Results. After intervention, the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores were decreased in both groups, with lower results in the observation group ( P < 0.001). Patients given target nursing were associated with higher compliance and nursing satisfaction of patients versus conventional nursing ( P < 0.05). Patients receiving targeted nursing had a better quality of life versus those receiving conventional nursing ( P < 0.001). Targeted nursing resulted in a higher Barthel index (BI) in patients versus conventional nursing 1 d, 7 d, and 14 d after nursing ( P < 0.05). Conclusion. Targeted nursing alleviates the negative emotions of patients with colorectal cancer and improves their compliance, nursing satisfaction, daily living ability, and quality of life.

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Jing, Fanbo, Jing Li, Donghua Liu, Chenjing Wang, and Zhongguo Sui. "Dual ligands modified double targeted nano-system for liver targeted gene delivery." Pharmaceutical Biology 51, no. 5 (March 26, 2013): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2012.761245.

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Shimizu, Taro, Yoshino Kawaguchi, Hidenori Ando, Yu Ishima, and Tatsuhiro Ishida. "Development of an Antigen Delivery System for a B Cell-Targeted Vaccine as an Alternative to Dendritic Cell-Targeted Vaccines." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c22-00047.

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He, Ying, Qian Wen, Ying Wang, Juan Li, Ning Li, Rongjiang Jin, Nian Li, and Yonggang Zhang. "Establishing a Regulatory Science System for Supervising the Application of Artificial Intelligence for Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Methodological Framework." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9680203.

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In this study, we reported a methodological framework for the development of a guideline for establishing a regulatory science system for supervising the application of artificial intelligence for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It introduced all of the key steps for developing the guideline as follows: the composition of the guideline expert groups, summary steps, agency, purpose, targeted population, writing, publishing, updating, dissemination, dynamic monitoring, and evaluation. The guideline will provide the basis for national authorities to effectively regulate artificial intelligence technology and enrich the supervisory system for TCM, and it will be of great significance to TCM.

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Lee, Ho-Sung, In-Hee Lee, Kyungrae Kang, Sang-In Park, Tae-Wook Kwon, and Dae-Yeon Lee. "Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6644018.

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With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.

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Han, Yu, Silas D. Wood, Julianna M. Wright, Vishantie Dostal, Edward Lau, and Maggie P. Y. Lam. "Computation-assisted targeted proteomics of alternative splicing protein isoforms in the human heart." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 154 (May 2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.007.

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Wang, Xiulan, Chun Chang, Wenjie Jin, Arun Arun, Sudunabuqi Sudunabuqi, Aodaofu Aodaofu, Xiaowei Liu, Fengjiao Wu, and Hongmei Chen. "Identifying Key MicroRNAs Targeted by Narenmandula in a Rodent Nephropathy Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9196379.

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Background. Untreated nephropathy can progress to renal failure. The traditional Mongolian remedy Narenmandula regulates the kidney “yang.” This study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by Narenmandula in a rat model of nephropathy. Methods. Fifteen rats exhibiting normal renal function were randomized to three study arms. Nephropathy was induced in n = 10 rats using doxorubicin hydrochloride, followed by either Narenmandula treatment (treatment group) or no treatment (control group). In n = 5 rats, no doxorubicin was given and renal function remained unchanged (healthy group). Microarray analysis identified miRNAs which were differentially expressed (DE-miRNAs) between groups. Target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk version 2.0, followed by enrichment analysis using DAVID, and construction of the miRNA coregulatory network using Cytoscape. Results. Nephropathy was successfully induced, with doxorubicin resulting in differential expression of 3645 miRNAs (1324 upregulated and 2321 downregulated). Narenmandula treatment induced differential expression of a total of 159 miRNAs (102 upregulated and 57 downregulated). Upregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p) and downregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-330-3p and miR-214-3p) regulated a high number of target genes. Moreover, the miRNA pairs (e.g., miR-195-5p—miR-497-5p, miR-181a-5p—miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-5p) coregulated a high number of genes. Enrichment analysis indicated functional synergy between miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-3p, miR-34a-5p—miR-30e-5p, miR-30e-5p—miR-195-3p, and miR-30a-3p—miR-195-3p pairs. Conclusion. Narenmandula may modulate doxorubicin-induced nephropathy via targeting miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-330-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30a-5p.

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Ma, Dujun, Tian Yu, Liping Peng, Lixin Wang, Zhouwei Liao, and Wenming Xu. "PIM1, CYP1B1, and HSPA2 Targeted by Quercetin Play Important Roles in Osteoarthritis Treatment by Achyranthes bidentata." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (July 15, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1205942.

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Aim. Achyranthes bidentata is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) that is currently considered for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of Achyranthes bidentata in osteoarthritis treatment based on the network pharmacology. Methods. The effective components of Achyranthes bidentata were firstly screened out from the TCMSP database with ADME property parameters. Then, osteoarthritis-related proteins targeted by the effective components were predicted based on the DrugBank and CTD databases. Subsequently, enrichment analysis and interaction network between targets of effective components and pathways were also studied. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of GSE55457 were used for validation of the osteoarthritis-related target proteins. Finally, the effective components–target molecular docking models were predicted. Results. A total of 10 effective components were identified, of which kaempferol and quercetin had 1 and 29 targets, respectively. There were 26 target proteins of quercetin related to the osteoarthritis. These targets were mainly enriched in mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport, cellular response to estradiol stimulus, and nitric oxide biosynthetic process. In addition, there were three common proteins, PIM1, CYP1B1, and HSPA2 based on the DEGs of GSE55457, which were considered as the key targeted proteins of the quercetin. Conclusion. The docking of PIM1-quercetin, CYP1B1-quercetin, and HSPA2-quercetin may play important roles during the treatment of osteoarthritis by Achyranthes bidentata.

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Efferth, Thomas. "Personalized Cancer Medicine: From Molecular Diagnostics to Targeted Therapy with Natural Products." Planta Medica 76, no. 11 (May 19, 2010): 1143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249937.

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Moustaqil, Mehdi, Yann Gambin, and Emma Sierecki. "Biophysical Techniques for Target Validation and Drug Discovery in Transcription-Targeted Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072301.

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In the post-genome era, pathologies become associated with specific gene expression profiles and defined molecular lesions can be identified. The traditional therapeutic strategy is to block the identified aberrant biochemical activity. However, an attractive alternative could aim at antagonizing key transcriptional events underlying the pathogenesis, thereby blocking the consequences of a disorder, irrespective of the original biochemical nature. This approach, called transcription therapy, is now rendered possible by major advances in biophysical technologies. In the last two decades, techniques have evolved to become key components of drug discovery platforms, within pharmaceutical companies as well as academic laboratories. This review outlines the current biophysical strategies for transcription manipulation and provides examples of successful applications. It also provides insights into the future development of biophysical methods in drug discovery and personalized medicine.

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Chen, Zhenhua, Yongmei Guan, Leilei Zhou, Ying Xu, Ming Yang, and Hongning Liu. "Preparation and Characterization of Colon-Targeted Particles of Pulsatilla chinensis Saponins." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 2 (February 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000204.

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Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat ulcerative colitis. This study prepared and characterized colon-targeted particles of P. chinensis saponins by particle design. Most of the P. chinensis saponins in the composite particles were coated with Eudragit S100, as seen in SEM micrographs; meanwhile, the characteristic diffraction peaks in X-RD, surface wettability, and particle size distribution of the composite particles were basically the same as those of Eudragit S100. These results suggested that the mechanochemical process could be used to prepare colon-targeted particles with core-shell structures with the drug coated by the excipient; the results also showed similar surface characteristics in the coating.

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Luo, Hao, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Ciaran M. Fairman, and Dennis R. Taaffe. "Sport Medicine in the Prevention and Management of Cancer." Integrative Cancer Therapies 18 (January 2019): 153473541989406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419894063.

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Physical inactivity is a major concern in cancer patients despite the established preventative and therapeutic effects of regular physical exercise for this patient group. Sport not only plays an important role in supporting the development and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle but also is increasingly used as a health promotion activity in various populations. Nevertheless, the potential of sport as an effective strategy in the prevention and management of cancer has gained little attention. Based on the scant evidence to date, participation of cancer patients in supervised, well-tailored sport programs appears to be safe and feasible and is associated with an array of physical and psychological benefits. We propose that sport participation may serve as an alternative strategy in the prevention of cancer and sport medicine in the management of cancer. As with the traditional exercise modes, benefits derived from sport participation will be dependent on the sport undertaken and the physical/physiological, motor, and cognitive demands required. To this end, further work is required to develop a solid evidence base in this field so that targeted sport participation can be recommended for cancer patients.

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Liu, Wenli, Aiham Qdaisat, Gabriel Lopez, Santhosshi Narayanan, Susan Underwood, Michael Spano, Akhila Reddy, et al. "Association Between Acupoint Selection, Target Symptoms, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis in Real-Time Clinical Practice in a Comprehensive Cancer Center." Integrative Cancer Therapies 19 (January 2020): 153473542092849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735420928490.

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Background: Acupuncture intervention in actual practice is rarely reported and may be different from that applied in acupuncture research. Objectives: To review acupuncture practice in an integrative medicine clinic and characterize the association between targeted symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis, and acupoint selection. Methods: We reviewed outpatient acupuncture records from March 2016 to April 2018. Statistical analyses were applied to characterize referral symptoms and associated TCM diagnosis as well as acupoint selection. Results: The final analysis included 5393 acupuncture records (1264 patients). Twelve TCM diagnosis components were identified in the referral symptoms of pain, neuropathy, xerostomia, and hot flashes. Pain was associated with 78 different TCM diagnoses (combinations of TCM diagnosis components). Total of 217 different acupoints were used in the acupuncture treatments (1739) for neuropathy. The acupoint yintang was used in 73.8% of the visits for neuropathy, yet only in 26.5% ( P < .001) of the treatments when patients had a TCM diagnosis of qi deficiency, qi stagnation, and blood stagnation. Similarly, both consistencies and variations were seen in acupoint selection with each targeted symptom and its associated TCM diagnoses. Conclusions: TCM diagnosis was not homogeneous among acupuncture treatments for a single referral symptom. In contrast to most of the research on acupuncture for symptom control, there were considerable variations in acupoint selection among treatments for the same symptom in a clinical setting. Future research is needed to examine the clinical relevance of a fixed intervention structure in acupuncture research and the value of individualized acupuncture treatment.

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Forwood, Genevra, and James Killick. "Promoting the Off–label Use of Medicines: Where to Draw the Line?" European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 2 (June 2016): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00005845.

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In Europe, medicines can only be marketed once they have passed through a strict regulatory process, designed primarily to protect patient safety. It is only after in–depth testing on the targeted disease population, including three phases of clinical assessment and clinical trials, that a medicine will obtain a ‘marketing authorisation’. Given its primary goal of ensuring patient safety, EU law only allows a few narrow exceptions to the requirement of amarketing authorisation. Adrug can only be used “off–label”, meaning outside the limits of its marketing authorization, in authorised clinical trials or under one of the strictly defined exceptions, such as severe public health risk, compassionate use for groups of patients or for individual patients on a named patient basis.However, in recent years, a trend has emerged Among Member States to push the boundaries of the existing regulatory system, and actively promote the off–label use of medicines on the ground that they are cheaper than the alternative, authorised medicine. It is questionable whether this trend is in line with EU law.

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Zhang, Guochao, Xuefei Wang, and Qi Xue. "Combined targeted ion channel therapy: Can it be an alternative choice for esophageal cancer patients?" Medical Hypotheses 117 (August 2018): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.010.

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Di Fede, Martina, Massimiliano Biagini, Elena Cartocci, Carlo Parillo, Alessandra Greco, Manuele Martinelli, Sara Marchi, Alfredo Pezzicoli, Isabel Delany, and Silvia Rossi Paccani. "Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen is targeted by the human alternative pathway C3-convertase." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): e0194662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194662.

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Zhang, Xihong. "Effects of Targeted Intervention plus Comprehensive Nursing on the Quality of Life and Nursing Satisfaction in Multiple Traumas." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (July 5, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8929418.

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Objective. To explore the effect of targeted intervention plus comprehensive nursing on quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients with multiple traumas. Methods. Totally 68 cases with multiple traumas admitted to Xishan People’s Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were recruited and randomized into a control group and a study group via the random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. The control group received conventional nursing, and the study group adopted targeted intervention plus comprehensive nursing. Results. The study group showed significantly lower life scores and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores after the intervention, as compared to the control group. The average Newcastle Nursing Service Satisfaction Scale (NSNS) scores, various self-care ability scores, and comprehensive self-care ability scores were higher than those of the control group. Significantly lower Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores were observed in the study group at 7 d and 10 d of intervention than those of the control group. Conclusion. Targeted intervention plus comprehensive nursing enhances the quality of life of patients and nursing satisfaction, which merits clinical promotion.

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Fusco, Michael J., Daryoush Saeed-Vafa, Estrella M. Carballido, Theresa A. Boyle, Mokenge Malafa, Kirsten L. Blue, Jamie K. Teer, et al. "Identification of Targetable Gene Fusions and Structural Rearrangements to Foster Precision Medicine in KRAS Wild-Type Pancreatic Cancer." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 5 (January 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.20.00265.

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PURPOSE It has recently been described that alternative oncogenic drivers may be found in KRAS wild-type ( KRASWT) pancreatic cancers. This study aimed to determine the incidence of targetable gene fusions present in KRASWT pancreatic adenocarcinoma and response to targeted therapy. METHODS One hundred consecutive patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent targeted next-generation sequencing using DNA sequencing with RNA sequencing (n = 47) or without RNA sequencing (n = 53) at a single institution were included in the study. The frequency and landscape of targetable fusions in KRASWT pancreatic adenocarcinoma was characterized and compared with the frequency of fusions in KRAS-mutated ( KRASMUT) pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results were validated in two independent cohorts using data from AACR GENIE (n = 1,252) and TCGA (n = 150). The clinical history of fusion-positive patients who received targeted treatment is described. RESULTS Pancreatic cancers from 13 of 100 patients (13%) were found to be KRASWT. Targetable fusions were identified in 4/13 (31%) KRASWT tumors compared with 0/87 (0%) KRAS MUT pancreatic adenocarcinomas ( P = .0002). One patient with a novel MET fusion had a complete response to targeted therapy with crizotinib that is ongoing at 12+ months of treatment. In the validation cohorts, gene fusions were identified in 18/97 (19%) and 2/10 (20%) KRASWT tumors reported in the AACR GENIE and TCGA cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION Oncogene fusions are present in KRASWT pancreatic adenocarcinomas at an increased frequency when compared with KRASMUT pancreatic adenocarcinomas. As these fusions may be susceptible to targeted therapy, molecular analyses for the detection of fusions in KRASWT pancreatic adenocarcinomas may warrant increased consideration.

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Mathie, R. T., and T. W. Robinson. "Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in medical practice: A prospective, research-targeted, pilot study." Homeopathy 95, no. 4 (October 2006): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2006.06.002.

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Mathie, R. T., L. Hansen, M. F. Elliott, and J. Hoare. "Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in veterinary practice: a prospective, research-targeted, pilot study." Homeopathy 96, no. 1 (January 2007): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2006.10.002.

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Mathie, R. T., and S. Farrer. "Outcomes from homeopathic prescribing in dental practice: a prospective, research-targeted, pilot study." Homeopathy 96, no. 2 (April 2007): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2007.02.004.

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Shen, Ting, Woo Seok Yang, Young-Su Yi, Gi-Ho Sung, Man Hee Rhee, Haryoung Poo, Mi-Yeon Kim, Kyung-Woon Kim, Jong Heon Kim, and Jae Youl Cho. "AP-1/IRF-3 Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Andrographolide Isolated fromAndrographis paniculata." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/210736.

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Andrographolide (AG) is an abundant component of plants of the genusAndrographisand has a number of beneficial properties including neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. Despite numerous pharmacological studies, the precise mechanism of AG is still ambiguous. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of AG and its target proteins as they pertain to anti-inflammatory responses. AG suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2), as well as the mRNA abundance of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and interferon-beta (IFN-β) in a dose-dependent manner in both lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. AG also substantially ameliorated the symptoms of LPS-induced hepatitis and EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis in mice. Based on the results of luciferase reporter gene assays, kinase assays, and measurement of nuclear levels of transcription factors, the anti-inflammatory effects of AG were found to be clearly mediated by inhibition of both (1) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/activator protein (AP)-1 and (2) IκB kinaseε(IKKε)/interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 pathways. In conclusion, we detected a novel molecular signaling pathway by which AG can suppress inflammatory responses. Thus, AG is a promising anti-inflammatory drug with two pharmacological targets.

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Hao, Sibin, Yunpeng Liu, Mingtai Yu, Fang Sun, and Dezhang Wang. "The Efficacy of Targeted Perioperative Management for Diabetic Patients with Traumatic Calcaneal Fractures." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1294416.

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Objective. To assess the efficacy of targeted perioperative management for diabetic patients with traumatic calcaneal fractures. Methods. Between April 2020 and December 2020, 100 diabetic patients with traumatic calcaneal fractures treated in our institution satisfying the inclusion criteria were enrolled and assigned to receive either conventional treatment with surgery or plaster fixation (observation group) or targeted treatment with surgery or plaster fixation (experimental group) via the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. All eligible patients were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. Outcome measures included length of hospital stay, recovery time, fracture healing, duration of postoperative wound drainage, complication rate, blood glucose, and treatment satisfaction. The Maryland score was used for the assessment of foot function. Results. The duration of postoperative wound drainage, length of hospital stay, and recovery time in the experimental group (3.63 ± 1.04 d, 12.13 ± 3.77 d, and 111.22 ± 16.24 d) were significantly shorter than those in the observation group (5.71 ± 2.34 d, 15.28 ± 4.42 d, 123.10 ± 22.82 d) ( P < 0.01 ). The experimental group obtained a markedly higher complete healing rate versus the observation group ( P < 0.001 ). A significantly lower complication rate was observed in the experimental group than in the observation group ( P < 0.05 ). The Maryland scores results were dichotomized into good (≥75 points) and poor (<75 points). The experimental group showed significantly higher Maryland scores good rate and treatment satisfaction versus the observation group ( P < 0.01 ). The experimental group patients were associated with better postoperative fasting glucose and 2 h postprandial glucose versus those in the observation group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Targeted treatment in the perioperative management of diabetic patients with traumatic calcaneal fractures significantly promotes the recovery of patients, reduces the incidence of complications, increases treatment satisfaction, and ameliorates the doctor-patient relationship.

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Li, Nan, Jiarui Yu, Xiaobo Mao, Yuping Zhao, and Luqi Huang. "The Research and Development Thinking on the Status of Artificial Intelligence in Traditional Chinese Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 2, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7644524.

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With the rapid development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical field, the diagnostic ways of human health and the social medical structures have changed. Based on the concept of holism and the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment, TCM realizes comprehensive informatization and intelligence with the help of AI technology in data mining, intelligent diagnosis and treatment, intelligent learning, and decision-making. Furthermore, the intelligent research of TCM technology will further promote the improvement in TCM diagnosis and treatment rules and the leaping development of TCM intelligent instruments. In this article, we performed a systematic review of scientific literature about TCM and AI. Moreover, the practical problems of TCM intellectualization, the current situation and demand of TCM, and the influence of AI in the TCM field are discussed by searching for literature using TCM scientific databases, reference lists, expert consultation, and targeted websites. Finally, we look forward to the application prospects of AI and propose a possible future direction of intelligent TCM in the current health-care system in China.

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Colilla, Montserrat, and María Vallet-Regí. "Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Bacterial Infection Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 8605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228605.

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The rise of antibiotic resistance and the growing number of biofilm-related infections make bacterial infections a serious threat for global human health. Nanomedicine has entered into this scenario by bringing new alternatives to design and develop effective antimicrobial nanoweapons to fight against bacterial infection. Among them, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit unique characteristics that make them ideal nanocarriers to load, protect and transport antimicrobial cargoes to the target bacteria and/or biofilm, and release them in response to certain stimuli. The combination of infection-targeting and stimuli-responsive drug delivery capabilities aims to increase the specificity and efficacy of antimicrobial treatment and prevent undesirable side effects, becoming a ground-breaking alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. This review focuses on the scientific advances developed to date in MSNs for infection-targeted stimuli-responsive antimicrobials delivery. The targeting strategies for specific recognition of bacteria are detailed. Moreover, the possibility of incorporating anti-biofilm agents with MSNs aimed at promoting biofilm penetrability is overviewed. Finally, a comprehensive description of the different scientific approaches for the design and development of smart MSNs able to release the antimicrobial payloads at the infection site in response to internal or external stimuli is provided.

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Kowara, Michal, and Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska. "Different Approaches in Therapy Aiming to Stabilize an Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094354.

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Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is a vital clinical problem as vulnerable plaques tend to rupture, which results in atherosclerosis complications—myocardial infarctions and subsequent cardiovascular deaths. Therefore, methods aiming to stabilize such plaques are in great demand. In this brief review, the idea of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and five main approaches—towards the regulation of metabolism, macrophages and cellular death, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix remodeling have been presented. Moreover, apart from classical approaches (targeted at the general mechanisms of plaque destabilization), there are also alternative approaches targeted either at certain plaques which have just become vulnerable or targeted at the minimization of the consequences of atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture. These alternative approaches have also been briefly mentioned in this review.

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Nahar, Nusrat, Ridwan Bin Rashid, and Mohammad Sharifur Rahman. "Applications of Aptamers in Medicine: A Mini Review." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2017): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v20i1.32099.

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Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that bind to its target with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are an attractive class of carrier molecules because of their tissue penetration capability, high chemical flexibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity and cost effective production. These characteristics make aptamers an alternative to the antibody. An aptamer can be developed for the treatment of age-related macular degeneracy disease, blood clotting, cancer and auto-immune diseases etc. Macugen is so far the only aptamer-based drug that received FDA approval. Cancer patients are treated by targeting two proteins named nucleolin and CXCL12. Targeted delivery of aptamers has been successfully developed that reduce the occurrence of the unwanted off-target effects. Aptamers are susceptible to renal filtration and endonuclease cleavage. Conjugation with PEG or cholesterol and chemical modification can decrease renal clearance and increase serum stability.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 99-104, 2017

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Hunsu, Victoria O., Caroline O. B. Facey, Jeremy Z. Fields, and Bruce M. Boman. "Retinoids as Chemo-Preventive and Molecular-Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147731.

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Retinoic acid (RA) agents possess anti-tumor activity through their ability to induce cellular differentiation. However, retinoids have not yet been translated into effective systemic treatments for most solid tumors. RA signaling is mediated by the following two nuclear retinoic receptor subtypes: the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR), and their isoforms. The identification of mutations in retinoid receptors and other RA signaling pathway genes in human cancers offers opportunities for target discovery, drug design, and personalized medicine for distinct molecular retinoid subtypes. For example, chromosomal translocation involving RARA occurs in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a highly effective and even curative therapeutic for APL patients. Thus, retinoid-based target discovery presents an important line of attack toward designing new, more effective strategies for treating other cancer types. Here, we review retinoid signaling, provide an update on retinoid agents and the current clinical research on retinoids in cancer, and discuss how the retinoid pathway genotype affects the ability of retinoid agents to inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We also deliberate on why retinoid agents have not shown clinical efficacy against solid tumors and discuss alternative strategies that could overcome the lack of efficacy.

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Rich, Tyvin A., Robert Pfister, John Alton, David Gerdt, and Martin Baruch. "Assessment of Cardiovascular Parameters during Meditation with Mental Targeting in Varsity Swimmers." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7923234.

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Introduction. Athletes who develop an immunosuppressed state because of intensive training get upper respiratory infections (URIs) and may respond to meditation. Reflective exercise (RE), a westernized form of Qigong, combines meditation, breathing, and targeted mental attention to an internal pulsatile sensation, previously shown to protect varsity swimmers from URIs during the height of training. We report here the evaluation of cardiovascular parameters measured during meditation combined with targeted imagery (interoception) in a cohort of varsity swimmers taught RE.Methods. Thirteen subjects were enrolled on a prospective protocol that used the CareTaker, a noninvasive cardiovascular monitor before, during, and after RE training. Questionnaires regarding targeted mental imagery focusing on a pulsatile sensation were collected. The cardiovascular parameters include heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV).Results. Increased variance in the subjects’ BP and HRV was observed over the training period of 8 weeks. In nine subjects there was an increased low frequency (LF) HRV that was significantly (p<0.05) associated with the subject’s awareness of the pulsatile sensation that makes up a basic part of the RE practice.Summary. These data support further evaluation of HRV measurements in subjects while meditating with mental imagery. This direction could contribute to better understanding of neurocardiac mechanisms that relate meditation to enhanced immunity.

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Zhou, Qing-bing, Qian-zhe Zhu, Hong-zhi Wang, De-xiu Wang, Zheng-tang Liu, Yong-gang Xu, Xiao-mei Hu, Rou Ma, and Feng-qin Xu. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Containing Arsenic Treated MDS Patients Effectively through Regulating Aberrant Hypomethylation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (March 9, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7469809.

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Aberrant hypermethylation and hypomethylation both play important roles in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Hypomethylating agents targeting hypermethylation have been employed for the MDS treatment, but the treatment effect is limited. Novel drugs for DNA hypomethylation-targeted therapy may be needed to improve clinic efficacy for the treatment of MDS. Chinese medicine (CM) herbs have been used to treat MDS for many years in our hospital. However, the long-term treatment effect and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, all 135 patients received CM treatment for at least 36 months. The response rates for CM treatment were 81.53% (106/130) for hematological improvement in 130 MDS-RCMD patients and 80% (4/5) for bone marrow CR in 5 MDS-RAEB patients, respectively. The Human Methylation 850K BeadChip showed that 115 genes (50.88%) were aberrantly hypomethylated in 5 MDS patients compared with 3 healthy individuals. GO-analysis showed that these hypomethylated genes participated in many cancer-related biological functions and pathways. Furthermore, 60 genes were hypermethylated and the protein expression level of DNMT1 was significantly increased in the 5 MDS patients after 6 months of CM treatment. Our study suggests that CM can improve aberrant hypomethylation by increasing DNMT1 expression in MDS. The data support the clinical application of CM herbs containing arsenic as an innovative hypermethylation-inducing regimen for the treatment of MDS.

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Lorenzi, Magali, Carine Puppo, Régine Lebrun, Sabrina Lignon, Valérie Roubaud, Marlène Martinho, Elisabetta Mileo, et al. "Tyrosine-Targeted Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopy: An Alternative Strategy for Studying Structural Transitions in Proteins." Angewandte Chemie 123, no. 39 (August 24, 2011): 9274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201102539.

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Adamaki, Maria, and Vassilios Zoumpourlis. "Immunotherapy as a Precision Medicine Tool for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020173.

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer among Caucasian males over the age of 60 and is characterized by remarkable heterogeneity and clinical behavior, ranging from decades of indolence to highly lethal disease. Despite the significant progress in PCa systemic therapy, therapeutic response is usually transient, and invasive disease is associated with high mortality rates. Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficacious and non-toxic treatment alternative that perfectly fits the rationale of precision medicine, as it aims to treat patients on the basis of patient-specific, immune-targeted molecular traits, so as to achieve the maximum clinical benefit. Antibodies acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines entailing tumor-specific antigens seem to be the most promising immunotherapeutic strategies in offering a significant survival advantage. Even though patients with localized disease and favorable prognostic characteristics seem to be the ones that markedly benefit from such interventions, there is substantial evidence to suggest that the survival benefit may also be extended to patients with more advanced disease. The identification of biomarkers that can be immunologically targeted in patients with disease progression is potentially amenable in this process and in achieving significant advances in the decision for precision treatment of PCa.

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Denbeigh, Janet M., Brian A. Nixon, John M. Hudson, Mira C. Puri, and F. Stuart Foster. "VEGFR2-Targeted Molecular Imaging in the Mouse Embryo: An Alternative to the Tumor Model." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 40, no. 2 (February 2014): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.09.022.

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Elias, Edwin J., Singhal Anil, Showkat Ahmad, and Anwar Daud. "Colon Targeted Curcumin Delivery Using Guar Gum." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 6 (June 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500621.

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Curcumin is used in the treatment of colon cancer, but its very poor absorption in the upper part of the GIT is a major concern. As a site for drug delivery, the colon offers a near neutral pH, reduced digestive enzymatic activity, a long transit time and an increased responsiveness to absorption enhancers. The aim of the present study was to identify a suitable polymer (guar gum) based matrix tablet for curcumin with sufficient mechanical strength and promising in vitro mouth-to-colon release profile. Three formulations of curcumin were prepared using varying concentrations of guar gum containing 50 mg curcumin by the wet granulation method. Tablets were subjected to evaluation by studying parameter like hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, and in-vitro drug release. In vitro drug release was evaluated using simulated stomach, intestinal and colonic fluids. The susceptibility of guar gum to colonic bacteria was also assessed by a drug release study with rat caecal contents. The 40% guar gum containing formulation (F-1) showed better drug release (91.1%) after 24 hours in the presence of rat caecal contents in comparison with the 50% guar gum containing formulation (F-2) (82.1%). Curcumin could, thus, be positively delivered to the colon for effective colon cancer treatment using guar gum.

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Статті в журналах з теми "Targeted alternative medicine"

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