Статті в журналах: "Target products"

1

Zhou, Yiqing, and Youli Xiao. "Target Identification of Bioactive Natural Products." Acta Chimica Sinica 76, no. 3 (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a17110484.

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Hergeth, H. "Launching Products Towards the Right Target." Journal of The Textile Institute 95, no. 1-6 (January 2004): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/joti.2003.0026.

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Albeverio, Sergio, Victoria Steblovskaya, and Kai Wallbaum. "The volatility target effect in investment-linked products with embedded American-type derivatives." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(3).2019.03.

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Volatility Target (VolTarget) strategies as underlying assets for options embedded in investment-linked products have been widely used by practitioners in recent years. Available research mainly focuses on European-type options linked to VolTarget strategies. In this paper, VolTarget-linked options of American type are investigated. Within the Heston stochastic volatility model, a numerical study of American put options, as well as American lookback options linked to VolTarget strategies, is performed. These are compared with traditional American-type derivatives linked to an equity index. The authors demonstrate that using a Volatility Target strategy as a basis for an embedded American-type derivative may make any protection fees significantly less dependent of changing market volatilities. Replacing an equity index with the VolTarget strategy may also result in reducing guarantee fees of the corresponding protection features in a highly volatile market environment.

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4

Mayr, Fabian, Gabriele Möller, Ulrike Garscha, Jana Fischer, Patricia Rodríguez Castaño, Silvia G. Inderbinen, Veronika Temml, et al. "Finding New Molecular Targets of Familiar Natural Products Using In Silico Target Prediction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 7102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197102.

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Natural products comprise a rich reservoir for innovative drug leads and are a constant source of bioactive compounds. To find pharmacological targets for new or already known natural products using modern computer-aided methods is a current endeavor in drug discovery. Nature’s treasures, however, could be used more effectively. Yet, reliable pipelines for the large-scale target prediction of natural products are still rare. We developed an in silico workflow consisting of four independent, stand-alone target prediction tools and evaluated its performance on dihydrochalcones (DHCs)—a well-known class of natural products. Thereby, we revealed four previously unreported protein targets for DHCs, namely 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3, and aldo-keto reductase 1C3. Moreover, we provide a thorough strategy on how to perform computational target predictions and guidance on using the respective tools.

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5

Yue, R., L. Shan, X. Yang, and W. Zhang. "Approaches to Target Profiling of Natural Products." Current Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 22 (June 1, 2012): 3841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712801661068.

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Miller, John H., Jessica J. Field, Arun Kanakkanthara, Jeremy G. Owen, A. Jonathan Singh, and Peter T. Northcote. "Marine Invertebrate Natural Products that Target Microtubules." Journal of Natural Products 81, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00964.

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Page, Julia E., and Suzanne Walker. "Natural products that target the cell envelope." Current Opinion in Microbiology 61 (June 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2021.02.001.

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Hwang, Seongbeom, and Yuna Lee. "Identifying customer priority for new products in target marketing: Using RFM model and TextRank." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.12.

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Target marketing is a key strategy used to increase the revenue. Among many methods that identify prospective customers, the recency, frequency, monetary value (RFM) model is considered the most accurate. However, no RFM study has focused on prospects for new product launches. This study addresses this gap by using website access data to identify prospects for new products, thereby extending RFM models to include website-specific weights. An RF model, built using frequency and recency information from website access data of customers, and an RwF model, built by adding website weights to frequency of access, were developed. A TextRank algorithm was used to analyze weights for each website based on the access frequency, thus defining the weights in the RwF model. South Korean mobile users’ website access data between May 1 and July 31, 2020 were used to validate the models. Through a significant lift curve, the results indicate that the models are highly effective in prioritizing customers for target marketing of new products. In particular, the RwF model, reflecting website-specific weights, showed a customer response rate of more than 30% among the top 10% customers. The findings extend the RFM literature beyond purchase history and enable practitioners to find target customers without a purchase history.

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9

Berridge, Marc S., and Bonnie J. Landmeier. "In-target production of [13N]ammonia: Target design, products, and operating parameters." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 44, no. 12 (December 1993): 1433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8043(93)90096-s.

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10

Wu, Xunxun, Xiaokun Li, Chunxue Yang, and Yong Diao. "Target Characterization of Kaempferol against Myocardial Infarction Using Novel In Silico Docking and DARTS Prediction Strategy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 12908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312908.

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Target identification is a crucial process for advancing natural products and drug leads development, which is often the most challenging and time-consuming step. However, the putative biological targets of natural products obtained from traditional prediction studies are also informatively redundant. Thus, how to precisely identify the target of natural products is still one of the major challenges. Given the shortcomings of current target identification methodologies, herein, a novel in silico docking and DARTS prediction strategy was proposed. Concretely, the possible molecular weight was detected by DARTS method through examining the protected band in SDS-PAGE. Then, the potential targets were obtained from screening and identification through the PharmMapper Server and TargetHunter method. In addition, the candidate target Src was further validated by surface plasmon resonance assay, and the anti-apoptosis effects of kaempferol against myocardial infarction were further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo assays. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the integrated strategy could efficiently characterize the targets, which may shed a new light on target identification of natural products.

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11

Guillot, Marie-Noëlle. "Cross-cultural pragmatics and audiovisual translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.28.2.09gui.

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Abstract In this article, audiovisual translation (AVT) is considered contrastively from a cross-cultural pragmatics perspective, in its uses of language across languages and cultures. This inevitably broaches questions of linguistic and cultural representation, critical in a world in which the global availability of cultural products is ever greater. They are a main focus in this paper, with related questions about the development of subtitling and dubbing language as idiosyncratic varieties and expressive media, and implications for representation and its impact on audiences. AVT research has had many challenges to confront in its early days and these are relatively uncharted territories. Yet current developments like fansubbing and other crowdsourcing activities are re-defining the name of the game and heralding significant changes, in AVT practices and in the ways they and the products and responses they generate are accounted for in research (as evidenced in emerging re-evaluations of quality and subjectivity, e.g.; see Pérez-González 2012, 2014). These are central concerns in mapping the way forward.

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12

Ghernaout, Djamel, and Noureddine Elboughdiri. "Disinfection By-Products Regulation: Zero ng/L Target." OALib 07, no. 05 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106382.

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13

Jachak, Sanjay, and Rahul Jain. "Current Status of Target-Based Antimycobacterial Natural Products." Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152106776359011.

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14

Grienke, Ulrike, Michaela Schmidtke, Susanne von Grafenstein, Johannes Kirchmair, Klaus R. Liedl, and Judith M. Rollinger. "Influenza neuraminidase: A druggable target for natural products." Nat. Prod. Rep. 29, no. 1 (2012): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1np00053e.

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15

张, 燕琴. "Precise Demand Forecast for New Retail Target Products." Computer Science and Application 10, no. 08 (2020): 1490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2020.108156.

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16

Farha, Maya A., and Eric D. Brown. "Strategies for target identification of antimicrobial natural products." Natural Product Reports 33, no. 5 (2016): 668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5np00127g.

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Despite a pervasive decline in natural product research at many pharmaceutical companies over the last two decades, natural products have undeniably been a prolific and unsurpassed source for new lead antibacterial compounds.

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17

Kamen, E. W., and C. R. Sastry. "Multiple target tracking using products of position measurements." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 29, no. 2 (April 1993): 476–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.210085.

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18

Diederich, Marc. "Natural products target the hallmarks of chronic diseases." Biochemical Pharmacology 173 (March 2020): 113828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113828.

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19

Edser, Caroline. "New products and investments target the laundry sector." Focus on Surfactants 2020, no. 5 (May 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fos.2020.06.001.

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20

Koeberle, Andreas, and Oliver Werz. "Multi-target approach for natural products in inflammation." Drug Discovery Today 19, no. 12 (December 2014): 1871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2014.08.006.

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21

Arai, Midori A. "Target Protein-Oriented Isolations for Bioactive Natural Products." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c21-00040.

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22

Qiang, Bo, Junyong Lai, Hongwei Jin, Liangren Zhang, and Zhenming Liu. "Target Prediction Model for Natural Products Using Transfer Learning." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094632.

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A large proportion of lead compounds are derived from natural products. However, most natural products have not been fully tested for their targets. To help resolve this problem, a model using transfer learning was built to predict targets for natural products. The model was pre-trained on a processed ChEMBL dataset and then fine-tuned on a natural product dataset. Benefitting from transfer learning and the data balancing technique, the model achieved a highly promising area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of 0.910, with limited task-related training samples. Since the embedding distribution difference is reduced, embedding space analysis demonstrates that the model’s outputs of natural products are reliable. Case studies have proved our model’s performance in drug datasets. The fine-tuned model can successfully output all the targets of 62 drugs. Compared with a previous study, our model achieved better results in terms of both AUROC validation and its success rate for obtaining active targets among the top ones. The target prediction model using transfer learning can be applied in the field of natural product-based drug discovery and has the potential to find more lead compounds or to assist researchers in drug repurposing.

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23

TKACHENKO, Serhii, Olena POTYSHNIAK, and Yevheniia POLIAKOVA. "Target cost management to ensure product quality." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5/1 (May 26, 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.5(1).4.

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Improving the quality of finished products, as well as its provision, associated with costs at all stages of the production process of finished products, in the pre-production and post-production periods. The cost of quality assurance at the stage of the production process occupies a special place in the total cost of quality. Difficulties in estimating the cost of product quality assurance are that there is no experience in determining the production costs of quality assurance of finished products and that the number of influencing factors that must be taken into account in the manufacture of final products of a given level of quality in mass production. Ensuring the quality of products requires significant costs, which over time, given the growing requirements for the quality of finished products, will grow, which determines the need to develop a mechanism to link quality management of finished products with normalized costs to ensure its quality. An article devoted to this little-studied problem and aims to outline theoretical, methodological and practical ways to manage the cost of quality, their coordination in terms of ensuring a given level of quality of finished products. The problem of coordinating (managing) the costs of quality is dictated by the need to include in the case all the reserves and opportunities to improve efficiency and quality, including the ability to correctly calculate, analyze, evaluate and compare costs and results. The purposes of the article, justifying the need for an interdependent system of quality management indicators, is in line with the objectives of resource conservation, a sharp increase in economic efficiency of the production process and improve the quality of products. The scientific problem understood the role as the costs inflicted rocker economic (economic) efficiency mode of operation of the quality management system of finished products, the algorithm definition, calculation methods, detection, calculation, forecasting and control(coordination) costs of product quality.

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Arai, Masayoshi. "Exploring New Drug Targets through the Identification of Target Molecules of Bioactive Natural Products." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 136, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.15-00281.

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Rosewarne, Emalie, Liping Huang, Clare Farrand, Daisy Coyle, Simone Pettigrew, Alexandra Jones, Michael Moore, and Jacqui Webster. "Assessing the Healthy Food Partnership’s Proposed Nutrient Reformulation Targets for Foods and Beverages in Australia." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051346.

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Unhealthy diets are one of four main behavioral risk factors contributing to the majority of NCDs. To promote healthy eating and reduce dietary risks, the Australian Commonwealth Government established the Healthy Food Partnership (HFP). In 2018, the HFP consulted on proposed nutrient reformulation targets for 36 food categories to improve the overall quality of the food supply. This study assessed whether the proposed targets were feasible and appropriate. The HFP used a five-step approach to inform the proposed targets. We replicated and extended this approach using a different nutrient composition database (FoodSwitch). Products in FoodSwitch were mapped to the proposed HFP targets. The proportion of products meeting each target was calculated and the FoodSwitch data were compared with HFP data to determine whether the proposed target nutrient levels were appropriate or whether a more stringent target was feasible. Products from the FoodSwitch database (10,599) were mapped against the proposed HFP categories: 8434 products across 30 categories for sodium, 2875 products across seven categories for sugar, and 612 products across five categories for saturated fat. The analyses revealed that 14 of 30 proposed HFP targets for sodium, one of seven targets for sugar, and one of five targets for saturated fat were feasible and appropriate. For the remaining 26 reformulation targets, the results indicate that these target levels could be more stringent and alternative targets are proposed. The draft HFP targets are feasible but the majority are too conservative. If Australia is to meet its commitment to a 30 per cent reduction in the average population salt intake by 2025, these targets could be implemented as interim targets to be reached within two years. However, the opportunity exists to improve the food supply and strengthen the HFP’s population health impact by adopting more ambitious and incremental targets. Reformulation programs should be prioritized and closely monitored as part of a coordinated, multi-faceted national food and nutrition strategy.

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Caldwell, Douglas A., Peter Tenenbaum, Joseph D. Twicken, Jon M. Jenkins, Eric Ting, Jeffrey C. Smith, Christina Hedges, Michael M. Fausnaugh, Mark Rose, and Christopher Burke. "TESS Science Processing Operations Center FFI Target List Products." Research Notes of the AAS 4, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abc9b3.

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Monto, Arnold S. "Seasonal influenza vaccinations: specialized products for different target groups." Vaccine 28 (September 2010): D14—D23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.025.

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28

Yoshida, Minoru. "Recent advances in target identification of bioactive natural products." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 83, no. 1 (October 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2018.1533804.

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WILLIAMS, JEROME D., CHERYL ACHTERBERG, and GINA PAZZAGLIA SYLVESTER. "Target Marketing of Food Products to Ethnic Minority Youth." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 699, no. 1 Prevention an (October 1993): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18842.x.

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30

Romo, D., and J. O. Liu. "Editorial: Strategies for cellular target identification of natural products." Natural Product Reports 33, no. 5 (2016): 592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6np90016j.

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31

Evans, Fred J. "Natural products as probes for new drug target identification." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 32, no. 1-3 (April 1991): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90107-o.

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32

Hsu, Ih-Chang, Wai-Kuo Shih, Dehe Kong, and Jingfan Xu. "Freeing the Target DNA for Amplifying Mismatch Cleaved Products." Analytical Biochemistry 261, no. 2 (August 1998): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1998.2622.

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33

Zhao, L., Y. Mu, B. Song, and Q. Zhang. "Market equilibrium of the agricultural product target price insurance and its moral hazard premium." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 5 (May 27, 2016): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/120/2015-agricecon.

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In the study, an expected revenue model was built for the farmers and insurance institutes in China, with the aim of researching the realization conditions of the target price insurance market equilibrium; analysing the reasons and consequences of the moral hazards; obtaining a paradox and elaborating the reason; measuring the moral hazard premium and researching positions, as well as the role of government in the target price premium; and also discussing the relationship between the target price and the cost price. The conclusions found were that the market risk was the major risk in agriculture; the target price insurance implementation relies on the government subsidy, which shall be equivalent to the sum of the farmers’ moral hazard premium and social costs; the moral hazard premium has a negative externality; the insurance companies are also the beneficiaries of the farmers’ moral hazard; and the best target price should be smaller than the total cost price of the agricultural products.

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Young, Katherine, Hiranthi Jayasuriya, John G. Ondeyka, Kithsiri Herath, Chaowei Zhang, Srinivas Kodali, Andrew Galgoci, et al. "Discovery of FabH/FabF Inhibitors from Natural Products." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 2 (February 2006): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.2.519-526.2006.

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ABSTRACT Condensing enzymes are essential in type II fatty acid synthesis and are promising targets for antibacterial drug discovery. Recently, a new approach using a xylose-inducible plasmid to express antisense RNA in Staphylococcus aureus has been described; however, the actual mechanism was not delineated. In this paper, the mechanism of decreased target protein production by expression of antisense RNA was investigated using Northern blotting. This revealed that the antisense RNA acts posttranscriptionally by targeting mRNA, leading to 5′ mRNA degradation. Using this technology, a two-plate assay was developed in order to identify FabF/FabH target-specific cell-permeable inhibitors by screening of natural product extracts. Over 250,000 natural product fermentation broths were screened and then confirmed in biochemical assays, yielding a hit rate of 0.1%. All known natural product FabH and FabF inhibitors, including cerulenin, thiolactomycin, thiotetromycin, and Tü3010, were discovered using this whole-cell mechanism-based screening approach. Phomallenic acids, which are new inhibitors of FabF, were also discovered. These new inhibitors exhibited target selectivity in the gel elongation assay and in the whole-cell-based two-plate assay. Phomallenic acid C showed good antibacterial activity, about 20-fold better than that of thiolactomycin and cerulenin, against S. aureus. It exhibited a spectrum of antibacterial activity against clinically important pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Haemophilus influenzae.

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Pevzner, Yuri, Daniel N. Santiago, Jacqueline L. von Salm, Rainer S. Metcalf, Kenyon G. Daniel, Laurent Calcul, H. Lee Woodcock, Bill J. Baker, Wayne C. Guida, and Wesley H. Brooks. "Virtual target screening to rapidly identify potential protein targets of natural products in drug discovery." AIMS Molecular Science 1, no. 2 (2014): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2014.2.81.

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Brown, Ethan C., Michèle M. M. Mazzocco, Luke F. Rinne, and Noah S. Scanlon. "Uncanny sums and products may prompt “wise choices”: Semantic misalignment and numerical judgments." Journal of Numerical Cognition 2, no. 2 (August 5, 2016): 116–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v2i2.21.

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Automatized arithmetic can interfere with numerical judgments, and semantic misalignment may diminish this interference. We gave 92 adults two numerical priming tasks that involved semantic misalignment. We found that misalignment either facilitated or reversed arithmetic interference effects, depending on misalignment type. On our number matching task, digit pairs (as primes for sums) appeared with nouns that were either categorically aligned and concrete (e.g., pigs, goats), categorically misaligned and concrete (e.g., eels, webs), or categorically misaligned concrete and intangible (e.g., goats, tactics). Next, participants were asked whether a target digit matched either member of the previously presented digit pair. Participants were slower to reject sum vs. neutral targets on aligned/concrete and misaligned/concrete trials, but unexpectedly slower to reject neutral versus sum targets on misaligned/concrete-intangible trials. Our sentence verification task also elicited unexpected facilitation effects. Participants read a cue sentence that contained two digits, then evaluated whether a subsequent target statement was true or false. When target statements included the product of the two preceding digits, this inhibited accepting correct targets and facilitated rejecting incorrect targets, although only when semantic context did not support arithmetic. These novel findings identify a potentially facilitative role of arithmetic in semantically misaligned contexts and highlight the complex role of contextual factors in numerical processing.

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Karamitroglou, Fotios. "The choice between subtitling and revoicing in Greece." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.13.2.06kar.

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Normative behaviour in situations of language transfer has been gaining ground in Translation Studies and research. The choice between subtitling and revoicing is such a situation, on a rather preliminary level. This article is a summary of an empirical study into why human agents decide to subtitle rather than revoice children’s TV programmes. Not surprisingly, the trend seems to arise from other audiovisual forms and media. Overall, however, the positive audience response towards certain dubbed products seems to depend more on the good promotion and quality of the specific programmes than on the individual merits of any language transfer method per se, as most language transfer commissioners seem indifferent to the implications of such a choice.

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Wang, Dingkun, and Xiaochun Zhang. "Fansubbing in China." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 29, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.29.2.06wan.

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This paper seeks to explore the socio-political tensions between freedom and constraints in the Chinese fansubbing networks. It approaches the development of fansubbing in China as a process of technology democratisation with the potential to liberate ordinary citizens from authoritarian and commercial imperatives, enabling them to contest official state domination. The paper draws on the strategies adopted by fansubbing groups to organise their working practices and interactive social activities with a view to engaging target audiences. Both facets complement each other and bring to the fore the ‘gamified’ system of fansubbing networks. Gamification enables ordinary citizens to translate, distribute and consume foreign audiovisual products in a strategic move that pits collective activism against government dominance.

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Effertz, Tobias, and Ann-Christin Wilcke. "Do television food commercials target children in Germany?" Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 8 (December 14, 2011): 1466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003223.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the German food industry directs commercials for unhealthy products to children and whether self-administered voluntary restrictions on the promotion of less healthy foods (the EU Pledge) are effective to mitigate this exposure.DesignBy analysing German data from television (TV) channels, advertised products were categorized and food products classified as core foods (healthy) and non-core foods (less healthy). Marketing techniques were documented. Food commercials were furthermore compared with commercials for toy products, and comparisons were made between advertising patterns before and after the EU Pledge.SettingData for ten German TV channels were recorded for two weekdays and two weekend days from 06.00 to 22.00 hours in 2007 and 2008. A second sample containing one weekday and one weekend day of three German TV channels was recorded again in 2010 for comparison in the same time period.SubjectsIn total 16 062 advertisements from 2007–2008 and 2657 from 2010 were analysed.ResultsIn 2007–2008 19·9 % of TV commercials were for food products, of which 73 % were for non-core foods, 21 % for core foods and 6 % not classified. In three specified channels widely viewed by children and youth, 14·5 % of commercials were for food products, of which 88·2 % were for non-core foods. Commercials for unhealthy foods were broadcast significantly more often during children's peak viewing and in children's programmes, with a higher use of promotional characters and premiums than found in commercials for non-food products. In 2010, analysis of the three specified channels found that 18·5 % of commercials were for food products, of which 98·2 % were for non-core foods. While the use of premiums decreased compared with other commercials, the use of promotional characters in non-core food commercials increased, especially during children's programmes.ConclusionsChildren in Germany are exposed to large numbers of food commercials. The exposure to commercials for non-core foods and the use of techniques attractive to children are widespread and appear to have remained unaffected by the announcement of the EU Pledge in December 2007. We conclude that the industry's voluntary agreement has failed to fulfil its declared purpose.

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Göpferich, Susanne. "Translation competence." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.06goe.

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This article introduces Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) as a framework for the investigation of translation competence development. After a presentation of the basic concepts and assumptions underlying this theory, results from the longitudinal study TransComp will be discussed against the background of DST. TransComp is a three-year product- and process-oriented longitudinal study of the development of translation competence in 12 students of translation, whose translation products and processes were compared with those of 10 professional translators. The article outlines both the difficulties involved in the application of DST to the investigation of translation competence development and the added value that it promises for our understanding of developmental processes in translators, including the ways they can be fostered in translation training.

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41

Kruger, Jan-Louis. "Psycholinguistics and audiovisual translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.28.2.08kru.

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Abstract Psycholinguistic investigations of translated audiovisual products have been conducted since at least the 1980s. These mainly concerned the role of subtitles in the processing of language in the context of language acquisition, literacy, and education. This article provides an overview of some of the most productive lines of research from a psycholinguistic angle in audiovisual translation (AVT), focussing on studies that investigated the positive effects of subtitles on language performance, but also on a growing body of behavioural research on the cognitive processing of the language of subtitles. The article evaluates a number of methodologies in some of the most prominent studies on the processing of subtitles, primarily making use of eye tracking, and then provides some thoughts on future directions in psycholinguistic studies on the processing of the language of AVT.

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42

Kusrini, Eni. "Strategi Pemasaran dalam Pencapaian Target Produk Simpanan Pada BRI Syari’ah." TAWAZUN : Journal of Sharia Economic Law 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v2i1.5416.

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<p>The achievement of the savings product target obtained is based on the optimism of BRI Syari'ah employees that the majority of Demak people are Muslims who certainly want a trustworthy service in accordance with their beliefs. In addition, BRI Syari'ah's market share in Demak is increasingly providing opportunities to help customers' needs. This study aims to find out: (1) strategies to achieve the target of marketing savings products at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Syari'ah in Demak; (2) and analyze the implementation of efforts to implement strategic analysis on savings products at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Syari'ah in Demak. This research is expected to provide various benefits. Theoretically, it is useful in the development of Islamic economics related to shari'ah banking, especially the strategy analysis and achievement of its savings targets. Practically beneficial for practitioners, especially for deposit product managers, as a consideration for managing savings products in shari'ah banking in order to achieve the expected targets.<em></em></p>

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43

Mees, Inger M., Barbara Dragsted, Inge Gorm Hansen, and Arnt Lykke Jakobsen. "Sound effects in translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.11mee.

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On the basis of a pilot study using speech recognition (SR) software, this paper attempts to illustrate the benefits of adopting an interdisciplinary approach in translator training. It shows how the collaboration between phoneticians, translators and interpreters can (1) advance research, (2) have implications for the curriculum, (3) be pedagogically motivating, and (4) prepare students for employing translation technology in their future practice as translators. In a twophase study in which 14 MA students translated texts in three modalities (sight, written, and oral translation using an SR program), Translog was employed to measure task times. The quality of the products was assessed by three experienced translators, and the number and types of misrecognitions were identified by a phonetician. Results indicate that SR translation provides a potentially useful supplement to written translation, or indeed an alternative to it.

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44

Baptista, Rafael, Sumana Bhowmick, Jianying Shen, and Luis A. J. Mur. "Molecular Docking Suggests the Targets of Anti-Mycobacterial Natural Products." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020475.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global threat, mostly due to the development of antibiotic-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of the disease. Driven by the pressing need for new anti-mycobacterial agents several natural products (NPs) have been shown to have in vitro activities against M. tuberculosis. The utility of any NP as a drug lead is augmented when the anti-mycobacterial target(s) is unknown. To suggest these, we used a molecular reverse docking approach to predict the interactions of 53 selected anti-mycobacterial NPs against known “druggable” mycobacterial targets ClpP1P2, DprE1, InhA, KasA, PanK, PknB and Pks13. The docking scores/binding free energies were predicted and calculated using AutoDock Vina along with physicochemical and structural properties of the NPs, using PaDEL descriptors. These were compared to the established inhibitor (control) drugs for each mycobacterial target. The specific interactions of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids 2-nortiliacorinine, tiliacorine and 13′-bromotiliacorinine against the targets PknB and DprE1 (−11.4, −10.9 and −9.8 kcal·mol−1; −12.7, −10.9 and −10.3 kcal·mol−1, respectively) and the lignan α-cubebin and Pks13 (−11.0 kcal·mol−1) had significantly superior docking scores compared to controls. Our approach can be used to suggest predicted targets for the NP to be validated experimentally, but these in silico steps are likely to facilitate drug optimization.

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45

Li, Chun-Lin, Wen-Jun Zhou, Guang Ji, and Li Zhang. "Natural products that target macrophages in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis." World Journal of Gastroenterology 26, no. 18 (May 14, 2020): 2155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i18.2155.

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46

Zhang, Xiu Fen, Shu You Zhang, Le Miao Qiu, Xiang Hua An, and Ri Na Sa. "Virtual Disassembly Simulation of Varying Target Component for Complex Products." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2467.

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The varying target component virtual disassembly simulation technology is presented to support the disassembly analysis and feedback in product design for disassembly by a 3D visualization way. The disassembly weighted hybrid graph (DWHG) is constructed to describe the constraints and disassembly priority relationships among constituting components of product. In addition, a hierarchical recursive construction method is proposed to enable the rapid construction of DWHG for complex products. Based on the DWHG, varying target component disassembly sequences are generated by a recursive reasoning method. To facilitate the virtual disassembly simulation, the component disassembly path is translated into the discrete critical path points and the critical path point recognition technology is proposed to obtain them. The disassembly simulation of components could be controlled through the transform of pose matrix. Finally, a case study proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

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47

Miceli, Leonardo A., Alessandra M. T. de Souza, Carlos R. Rodrigues, Izabel C. N. P. Paixão, Valéria L. Teixeira, and Helena C. Castro. "HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: a potential target for marine products." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 22, no. 4 (August 2012): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000084.

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48

Elia, Giuliano, Tim Fugmann, and Dario Neri. "From target discovery to clinical trials with armed antibody products." Journal of Proteomics 107 (July 2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.034.

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49

Stevenson, Philip. "Pharmaceutical companies target plant products for drugs of the future." Lancet 354, no. 9177 (August 1999): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75523-9.

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50

Posteucă, Alin, and Miron Zapciu. "Beyond Target Costing: Manufacturing Cost Policy Deployment for New Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1480.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a method to quantify the costs of potential losses from production processes for new products to prioritize improvement projects based on the target cost and provide data and information for feasibility studies of continuous improvement projects. The specificity of the manufacturing cost policy deployment for new products is to identify the percentage of cost of future production phases which does not add value from a customer perspective, dynamically throughout the product life cycle. The percentage of non-value added cost is based on loss of each manufacturing process and is determined scientifically based on data and facts. Using the proposed method helps manufacturing companies in the acceptance of certain orders which at first glance are unprofitable. Moreover, the proposed method will help develop scenarios for continuous cost reduction after starting production through continuous improvement of productivity and quality required. The empirical results are based on the study during a year and a half in the automotive company, using action research methodology.

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