Дисертації з теми "Tank Reactor"
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Kennedy, Mark William. "Chlorination of magnesium carbonate in a stirred tank reactor." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24061.
Повний текст джерелаThe chlorinaton rate was effected by both temperature and CO/Cl$ sb2$ ratio and estimates of the optimum conditions were obtained: temperature $(856.6 sp circ$C) and ratio of CO/Cl$ sb2$ (1.24). The addition of an inert gas (N$ sb2)$ to the reagent mixture was found to decrease the reaction rate. Iron was found to have a negligible effect on reaction rate at the levels tested (up to 560 P.P.M.).
For those experiments conducted at $ rm 820 sp circ C pm 5 sp circ C,$ an overall correlation was obtained which related the MgO reaction rate, with impeller power (kW/m$ sp3),$ superficial gas velocity (cm/s) and the partial pressure of CO (atm.): rm Rate = 0.609 (P sb{g}/V sb1) sp{0.35} (v sb{s}) sp{0.64} (P sb{CO}) sp{1.14}, (kgmol/m sp3/h) eqno lbrack 55 rbrack. ixing and gas dispersion characteristics were defined for the specific impeller/tank geometry used in these experiments.
Using the results presented here, it would be possible to estimate the size and number of commercial stirred tank chlorination reactors, which would be required to produce any specified quantity of magnesium, starting from magnesite, with an accuracy of $ pm$44%, with 95% confidence.
Samer, Charles J. "Polymer-stabilized miniemulsion polymerization in a continuous stirred-tank reactor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11142.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Hsueh-Chi. "Emulsion polymerization in a seed-fed continuous stirred-tank reactor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11860.
Повний текст джерелаHu, Lin-Wen. "Thermal hydraulic mixing transients in the MIT research reactor core tank." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10814.
Повний текст джерелаDong, Jie. "Modelling of multiphase flow containing ionic liquids in a stirred tank reactor." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46880/.
Повний текст джерелаSingh, Harminder. "Modelling of shear sensitive cells in stirred tank reactor using computational fluid dynamics." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5684.
Повний текст джерелаLeguay, Caroline. "Hydrodynamics and mass transfer studies of a self-inducing gas-liquid stirred tank reactor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621178.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Xiaochun. "Sequencing batch reactor treatment of oily wastewater from can manufacturing and gasoline tank bottoms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43075.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Adkins, Carol Leslie Jones Seinfeld John H. Flagan Richard C. "Use of a continuous stirred tank reactor for the study of aqueous aerosol chemistry." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1988. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12042009-080025691.
Повний текст джерелаAdvisor names found in the Acknowledgments pages of the thesis. Title from home page. Viewed 02/19/2010. Includes bibliographical references.
Basu, Nandini. "Nonlinear chemical phenomena in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) containing chlorine dioxide and sulfite /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426045.
Повний текст джерелаFord, Jason J. "Using X-ray computed tomography to measure local gas holdup in a stirred tank reactor." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLennox, Martin. "The adaptation of self-cycling fermentation to a continuously-stirred tank reactor for xenobiotic degradation /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99416.
Повний текст джерелаThe experimental results demonstrated that CO2 production could be used in the feedback control loop to successfully trigger cycling of the reactor. The use of a 65% harvest fraction demonstrated that a 50% harvest fraction was not necessary to operate SCF.
Brito, Bernardo Nascimbeni de. "Effect of the sulfide, pH and temperature on anammox activity in a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7373.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Um promissor processo biológico para a remoção de elevadas concentrações de nitrogênio de águas residuárias vem sendo estudado nos últimos 20 anos. O processo possibilita uma redução substancial nos requisitos de aeração, fontes de carbono e baixa produção de biomassa. Durante 9 meses, um reator continuo de mistura completa com nitrificação parcial e processo anammox ocorrendo simultaneamente em único estágio foi operado com medições e análises regulares. Foram avaliados o desempenho do reator e sua capacidade de recuperação após exposição a curto-prazo da adição de sulfeto, pH em condições ácidas e temperaturas abaixo dos valores ótimos. O reator demonstrou ser sensível a pequenas variações de pH. Observou-se que o reator operando com valores de pH inferiores a 6,71 ± 0,01, apresentou perda na eficiência de remoção de amônia. As concentrações de 0,1 e 0,25 mg S L -1 de sulfeto testados apresentaram efeito inibitório. A faixa de temperatura de 36 – 25°C testada, não comprometeu a performance do reator.
A new biological process that removes high concentrations of nitrogen from residual waters has been studied for the last twenty years. Such process allows for a substantial reduction on aeration and carbon sources requirements while also producing low levels of biomass. For nine months, a continuum reactor composed of a complete mixture with partial nitrification and the anammox process occurring simultaneously was operated with regular mediation and analysis. An evaluation was conducted on short-term effects of sulfide's addition, pH in acidic conditions and the temperature below optimum values of reactor's functioning, as well as its capacity to recover after exposed. The reactor showed sensitivity to small variations on pH. Losses in ammonia removal efficiency were observed when the reactor operated at pH values lower than 6.71 ± 0.01. The tested sulfide concentrations, i.e. 0.1 and 0.25 mg S L -1 , have caused inhibitory effect. The temperature range of 36 - 25 o C did not compromised the reactor's performance.
Título em inglês do resumo, difere da ficha catalográfica, folha de aprovação e termo de autorização anexado ao formulário 7, enviado por e-mail, pelo departamento em 21/03/2016.
Berry, Alice L. "The effects of shear and mixing on a continuously-fed stirred tank reactor for aerobic, biological wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7984.
Повний текст джерелаKotsiopoulos, Athanasios. "Development of an unsteady state model for the tank bioleaching of sulphide mineral concentrates in flow reactor systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10849.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, it is hypothesized that in bioleaching flow reactor systems, high reaction rate regions exist that can be maintained by application of biological stress trajectories. Reactor models are developed for the purpose of optimising plant operation, understood here as maximising the production rate. Complicating this attempt are a) the non-linear dynamics associated with the kinetics and b) the primary reaction's being multiphase. Mathematical models are developed to establish which particle parameters are necessary to describe reactor performance using the method of segregation. The models are distinguished by the combination of either particle residence time or age and/or particle size distributions. The models evaluated at steady state are validated against pilot plant data obtained from the Fairview Mine in South Africa and were found to be in good agreement with the data. As the model was developed using a segregation approach and thus incorporates age distributions in the model formulation, the model could be extended to unsteady state operation.
Sarah, Oddy. "Effect of Phase-Contacting Patters and Operating Conditions on Gas Hydrate Formation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31414.
Повний текст джерелаPinheiro, Iara Rebouças. "Estudo da produção do antibiótico antitumoral retamicina em biorreatores com células imobilizadas de Streptomyces olindensis ICB20." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-09012008-173427/.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study was to investigate the production of the antitumor antibiotic retamycin by immobilized cells of Streptomyces. olindensis ICB20 in bioreactors. Cells were immobilized by entrapment in Ca-alginate gel (3%) after being grown in Erlenmeyers (reactivation and pre-immobilization cultures). The average diameter of the Ca-alginate beads was 3.0 ± 0.2 mm. Aiming to compare different cell systems, immobilized cell cultures were carried out in a 2.4L working volume basket-type stirred tank reactor (BSTR) and a 1.6 L working volume bubble column reactor (BCR) in batch, repeated-batch and continuous modes. Free cell suspension cultures were also performed and the results obtained compared to those in immobilized cell systems. Different agitation rates (300 and 500 rpm) and air flow rates (0.4 and 1.0 v.v.m.) were employed in the BSTR immobilized cell experiments.The BCR cultures were conducted at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 v.v.m. The optimal operating conditions for the batch mode were used in the repeated-batch and continuous cultures. Immobilized cells were grown in continuous mode at feed dilution rates of 0.05 and 0.2 h-1 in the BSTR and at 0.015 and 0.05 h-1 in the BCR. The comparative evaluation of the batch cultures with free and immobilized cells showed that diffusion limitations had affected the kinetics of cell growth and retamycin production in the immobilized cell systems. The highest average values of retamycin content (from 1.5 to 1.7 AU) were achieved in repeated batch cultures conducted in the basket-type reactor (BSTR) in spite of a limited number of batches (3 batches). Of all the systems, the continuous cell immobilized culture carried out in the BCR at a dilution rate of 0.03 h-1 proved to be the most adequate for retamycin production as retamycin levels remained stable (around 0.8 AU) over 96 hours (about 3 residence times).
Muga, Julius N’gon’ga. "Design and implementation of IEC 61499 standard-based nonlinear controllers using functional block programming in distributed control platform." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2381.
Повний текст джерелаMajority of the industrial systems encountered are significantly non-linear in nature, so if they are synthesised and designed by linear methods, then some of salient features characterising of their performance may not be captured. Therefore designing a control system that captures the nonlinearities is important. This research focuses on the control design strategies for the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) process. To control such a process a careful design strategy is required because of the nonlinearities, loop interaction and the potentially unstable dynamics characterizing the system. In these systems, linear control methods alone may not perform satisfactorily. Three different control design strategies (Dynamic decoupling, Decentralized and Input-output feedback linearization controller) are proposed and implemented .in the Matlab/Simulink platform and the developed strategies are then deployed to the design of distributed automation control system configuration using the IEC 61499 standard based functional block programming language. Twin CAT 3.1 system real-time and Matlab/Simulink (www.mathworks.com) environment are used to test the effectiveness of the models The simulation results from the investigation done between Simulink and TwinCAT 3 software (Beckhoff Automation) platforms in the case of the model transformation and closed loop simulation of the process for the considered cases have shown the suitability and the potentials of merging the Matlab/Simulink control function blocks into the TwinCAT 3.1 function blocks in real-time. The merits derived from such integration imply that the existing software and software components can be re-used. This is in line with one of the IEC 6144 standard requirements such as portability and interoperability. Similarly, the simplification of programming applications is greatly achieved. The investigation has also shown that the integration the of Matlab/Simulink models running in the TwinCAT 3.1 PLC do not need any modification, hence confirming that the TwinCAT 3.1 development platform can be used for the design and implementation of controllers from different platforms. Also, based on the steps required for model transformation the between the Matlab/Simulink to the TwinCAT 3 functional blocks, the algorithms of the control design methodologies developed, simulation results are used to verify the suitability of the controls to find whether the effective set-point tracking control and disturbance effect minimisation for the output variables can be achieved in real-time using the transformed Simulink blocks to the TwinCAT 3 functional blocks, then downloaded to the Beckhoff CX5020 PLC for real-time execution. Good set-point tracking control is achieved for the MIMO closed loop nonlinear CSTR process for the considered cases of the developed control methodologies. Similarly, the effects of disturbances are investigated. TwinCAT functional modules achieved good set-point tracking with these disturbances minimization under all the cases considered.
Ballestas, Castro Dairo. "Études d’un réacteur micro-ondes monomode de type cuve agitée pour la synthèse chimique et proposition d’une méthodologie d’extrapolation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10114/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicrowave (MW) assisted organic synthesis has been employed in many laboratories since more than 20 years. There is a controversy concerning the effects of MW on the kinetics of reactions since some enhancement of reaction rates have been observed. While MW heating advantages could be of interest for processes intensification, this technique has rarely been employed for large-scale productions. Scaling-up methods are rare and the existed techniques are generally empirical. The aim of our project is to propose a methodology for the extrapolation of MW reactors, using experimental reliable observations. Our research strategy has enabled us the choice of the target reaction to be carried out under MW irradiation: the esterification of acetic acid with pentanol over an acidic cation-exchange resin. A stirred reactor with MW single mode application was designed and constructed. Studies on the pilot have showed the perfectly stirred hydrodynamic behaviour of the reactor, the stability and the high heating efficiency. Moreover, no thermal gradients in the reactor have been observed. Tests in the reactor operated in batch and continuous mode, as well as in weak polar media, showed that there is no influence of MW heating on the kinetics of the target reaction. Finally, a guideline for the scaling-up of MW reactors was developed, based on the absence of MW effects on the reaction kinetics and on the control of hot zones in the reactor
Ambriano, John Robert. "The development of a continuous stirred tank membrane reactor for determining an accurate rate equation for the production of citric acid by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11898.
Повний текст джерелаCameron, Rory. "Bioleaching of low-grade nickel sulphide ore at elevated pH." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19784.
Повний текст джерелаOlughu, Williams C. "The systematic consideration of the large-scale fed-batch fermentation inhomogeneities using a genetically modified C. glutamicum strain as a model organism." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34284.
Повний текст джерелаJambi, Ebtihaj J. "Comparative studies on the cultivation of Xanthomonas campestris in submerged culture for the production of xanthan using the traditional industrial stirred tank reactor and a novel oscillatory baffled bioreactor." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18713.
Повний текст джерелаSteyer, Christiane Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] [Sundmacher, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Tomas, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Mangold. "Precipitation of barium sulfate in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor : influence of feeding policy on particle size and morphology / Christiane Steyer. Betreuer: Kai Sundmacher ; Jürgen Tomas ; Michael Mangold." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/105391430X/34.
Повний текст джерелаPinot, Jordanna. "Caractérisation du micromélange par la réaction iodure-iodate en milieu visqueux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0140/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicromixing, or mixing at the molecular scale, has a decisive influence on product quality, selectivity and yield of industrially important reactions such as polymerization reactions. Currently, the existing chemical systems are well suited to the study of micromixing of low viscosity products, but no reliable characterization method exists for highly viscous media. As a part of the ANR project PROCIP, the study consisted in developing a new method to quantify the efficiency of micromixing in viscous media in stirred reactors. The method used is inspired by a chemical system based on two competitive reactions, the iodide-iodate test reaction system whose selectivity of a product is a measure of the micromixing efficiency. The approach proposes a new protocol based on a phosphate buffer and the use of HydroxyEthylCellulose (HEC, 720,000 g / mol) as an inert viscosifying agent, enabling to significantly increase the viscosity without adding more than 1 % by mass in the medium. Characterization of micromixing in a stirred reactor showed the slowing down of micromixing as viscosity increases for percentages of HEC below 0.5 %. By contrast, above 0.5 %, an "improvement" of micromixing has been observed in a wide range of experimental conditions (different concentrations of reactants, injection positions, stirring speeds and impellers). Several possible causes have been made to explain this phenomenon unexpected and the kinetics of the reactions involved were also studied in the presence of the viscosifying agent HEC and appeared to be unchanged. Finally, a study of possible interactions between iodine species and HEC was performed to study the existence of a secondary reaction which could explain the results
Herklotz, Anne Maria. "Entwicklung eines teilkontinuierlichen Thermolyseverfahrens zum rohstofflichen Recycling von polyolefinischen Kunststoffabfällen in einer Rührkesselkaskade." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-213000.
Повний текст джерелаLaus, Raffaele. "Confronto tra configurazioni di bioreattori anaerobici per la produzione di biometano da oli alimentari esausti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаGomes, Fernanda Cavalcante. "Decantação acelerada: alternativa para o tratamento de vazão excedente de esgoto - estudo na ETE Martim de Sá (Caraguatatuba/SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-17082010-101003/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was motivated by the need to treat high wastewater influent exceeding in sewage treatment plants, which occurs on days of heavy rain. The central hypothesis of this study is that the physical-chemical process to treat dilute sewage overflow, it can be advantageous with respect to increased capacity and expansion of biological systems. The research was conducted in ETE Martim de Sá (SABESP), located in Caraguatatuba / SP, where the sewage is treated by sequencing batch reactor. It was studied the variation of the flow of wastewater during the rainy season, and the operation of the batch. Furthermore, it was evaluated the use of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation in plate settler with application of aluminium sulfate, ferric chloride and cationic polymer in a pilot plant, after the testing of bench scale apparatus in Jar Test. Monitoring the inflow showed that on days of rainfall and bypass, the maximum flow was 220 L/s, up to 6 times the dry weather average flow. For this situation, the physico-chemical process may become a promising alternative, due to its ability to work under high flow rates in smaller facilities. In tests to evaluate the physical-chemical treatment was used two kinds of raw sewage: 50 and 100 mg/L BOD, overflow rate used in the plated settling tank was 76.82 m³/m² / day. The best dosage of chemical used to treat the raw sewage BOD of 50 mg/L was 40 mg/L ferric chloride plus 0.5 mg/L of cationic polymer, resulting in average effluent with BOD of 26 mg/L. For the raw sewage of the range BOD of 100 mg/L, 60 mg/L ferric chloride was the best dosage with an average BOD of effluent equal to 44 mg/L. For this range of work is recommended to provide for the application of polymer. This research concluded that it is possible to comply with the legal standard of treated sewage with physical-chemical treatment, also produced evidence that can help in the economic evaluation for the implementation of this technology in parallel with the activated sludge system in hydraulic overload situations. However, analysis of the flow diagram of operation of the station with the sequencing batch reactor, indicated that it is possible to make the treatment of flow of 220 L/s by the biological process. Therefore, is recommend the implementation of physical-chemical treatment only if after the test-scale operation of the batches with the flow rate of 220 L/s, the biological treatment doesn\'t meet the established standards.
Panda, Kishora Kumar. "Ozone mass transfer and reaction in In situ and stirred tank reactors /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
Повний текст джерелаHannon, J. "Mixing and chemical reaction in tubular reactors and stirred tanks." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11368.
Повний текст джерелаCanatas, Aristote. "Le reacteur agite discontinu repetitif : automatisation, applications en chimie fine." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066122.
Повний текст джерелаEdwiges, Thiago. "Biodigestão anaeróbia de resíduos vegetais provenientes de central de abastecimento." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3029.
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The economical development and urbanization process have contributed to the increase in solid waste generation and problems related to final disposal. Thus, the National Solid Waste Policy reinforces treatment in order to improve efficiency in the management of solid waste as one of its priorities and stimulates to recover and use energy. Anaerobic digestion has been suggested as a promising approach to the treatment of organic fraction of solid waste, mainly because it represents an opportunity to reduce environmental pollution and minimizes impacts concerning the energy crisis. So, this trial aimed at evaluating FVW biogas potential, collected in a wholesale market (Unit from Foz do Iguaçu/PR) through batch and semicontinuous tests. Fruits and vegetables trading from that unit generates approximately 70,500 t year-1, with 2,800 kg d-1 solid waste, composed of almost 85% organic matter. The influence of chemical composition of twelve FVW different samples with different compositions on biochemical methane potential (BMP) was analyzed. The BMP ranged from 288 LN CH4 kg VS-1 to 516 LN CH4 kg VS-1, with significant statistical differences among means. This was explained by in the waste chemical composition over time. BMP variation was most strongly correlated for lipid content and high calorific values (HCV). Linear regression analyses were carried out to develop statistical models to predict as fast as possible methane potential of this kind of waste. The models were analyzed according to chemical compounds and HCV based on simple and multiple regression. The model with the best statistical metrics included lipid, protein, cellulose, lignin, and HCV, with a 92.5% R² and lignin content negatively correlated to BMP. Since HCV and lipids were strongly correlated, and because HCV can be determined more rapidly than chemical composition, HCV may be useful for predicting BMP. In addition to batch tests, the performance of anaerobic digestion was also investigated in a semicontinuous mode using a FVW mixture as a single substrate. The performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was monitored along with the gradual increase of organic loading rates (OLR) from 0.5 gVS L–1 d–1 to 5.0gVSL–1d–1. BMP of FVW used as a feedstock to CSTR was 370 LN CH4 kg VS-1 with 81% biodegradability. During the whole trial pH was stable and there was an adequate level of buffering capacity in the system. Volumetric biogas production (LN biogas L–1 d–1) increased linearly (R² = 94.4%) according to OLR increase. On the other hand, the specific methane production (LN CH4 kg VS-1) has registered the best performance at an OLR of 3.0 g VS L–1 d–1 and 30 days of hydraulic retention time, with 285 LN CH4 kg VS-1 added, reaching 74% of BMP measured by batch tests. A clear accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was monitored with a decreased specific methane yield was detected with an OLR above 3.0 g VS L–1 d–1.
O crescimento econômico e o processo de urbanização vêm contribuindo para o aumento da geração de resíduos sólidos e problemas relacionados à disposição final. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos reforça o tratamento com o intuito de melhorar a eficiência quanto ao gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos no país, como uma de suas prioridades e enfatiza o incentivo à recuperação e ao aproveitamento energético. A biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido apontada como uma abordagem promissora ao tratamento da fração orgânica dos resíduos sólidos, sobretudo por representar oportunidade de reduzir a poluição ambiental e minimizar os impactos da crise energética. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção de biogás de resíduos de frutas e hortaliças (RFH) coletados na Central de Abastecimento (CEASA – Unidade de Foz do Iguaçu/PR) a partir de testes em batelada e em regime semicontínuo. A comercialização de frutas e hortaliças da unidade é de aproximadamente 70.500 t ano-1, com geração de resíduos sólidos de 2.800 kg d-1, compostos por aproximadamente 85% de matéria orgânica. A influência da composição química de doze amostras de RFH com diferentes composições sobre o potencial bioquímico de metano (PBM) foi analisada. O PBM dos resíduos variou entre 288 LN CH4 kg SV-1 e 516 LN CH4 kg SV-1, com diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as médias, o que pôde ser explicado pela variação na composição química dos resíduos ao longo do tempo. A variação do PBM foi mais fortemente correlacionada à variação do teor de lipídeos e do poder calorífico superior (PCS). Foram realizadas análises de regressão linear visando desenvolver modelos estatísticos para estimar, de forma mais rápida, o potencial metanogênico deste tipo de resíduo. Os modelos foram analisados considerando os componentes químicos e o PCS a partir de regressão linear simples e múltipla. O modelo com as melhores métricas estatísticas foi obtido considerando lipídio, proteína, celulose, lignina e PCS, com R² de 92,5% e com teor de lignina negativamente correlacionado ao PBM. Como o PCS e os lipídeos apresentaram forte correlação, e como o PCS pode ser determinado, em geral, de forma mais rápida que a composição química, o PCS pode ser considerado um parâmetro útil para a estimava do PBM. Além dos testes em batelada, investigou-se também o desempenho da biodigestão anaeróbia em regime semicontínuo utilizando-se uma mistura de RFH como único substrato. O desempenho de reator de mistura completa (do inglês CSTR) foi monitorado juntamente com o aumento gradativo da carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) de 0,5 g SV L-1 d-1 até 5,0g SV L-1 d-1. O PBM dos RFH utilizado para alimentar o reator foi 370 LN CH4 kg SV-1 com biodegradabilidade de 81%. Durante todo o ensaio o pH se manteve estável e o sistema apresentou boa capacidade tampão. A produção volumétrica de biogás (LN biogás L-1 d-1) aumentou de forma linear (R² = 94,4%) de acordo com aumento da COV. Já a produção específica de metano (LN CH4 kg SV-1) indicou o melhor desempenho com COV de 3,0 g SV L-1 d-1 e 30 dias de tempo de retenção hidráulica, com 285 LN CH4 kg SV-1 adicionados, e atingiu 74% de PBM, medido a partir dos testes em batelada. Observou-se um acúmulo evidente de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV), com consequente redução da produção de metano a partir da COV acima de 3,0 g SV L-1 d-1.
Haddadin, Jamal. "Études microbiologiques et cinétiques de la lixiviation bactérienne en réacteurs : effet de différents paramètres physico-chimiques, développement d'un procédé en réacteurs air-lift et lit-fluidisé et application à l'extraction de l'antimoine." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL063N.
Повний текст джерелаRibas, Santos Eduardo. "Contribution au diagnostic qualitatif des procédés en intelligence artificielle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_RIBAS_SANTOS_E.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAjayi, Olukayode Oludamilola. "Prediction of the hydrodynamics in stirred tank reactors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5337.
Повний текст джерелаThere have been several attempts to find a suitable set of model parameters for stirred tank reactors. In view of this, the present study investigated the performance of the standard k - ε model to predict the flow field in stirred tank reactors. The parametric analysis presented herein involves variation of the parameters in the model and an estimation of the overall error values between experimental data and the model predictions, which includes the mean velocities and the turbulent kinetic energy. The analysis also involves ascertaining the stability of the model via the moment convergence approach.
Bauge, Jean-Christophe. "Étude de l'oxydation de composés insaturés en réacteur parfaitement agité et en tube à onde de choc." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL017N.
Повний текст джерелаForrester, Stephanie E. "Hydrodynamics of a gas-inducing impeller." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362961.
Повний текст джерелаThoma, Hubis Suzanne Alice. "Interactions between macro- and micromixing in stirred tank reactors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1989. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9012.
Повний текст джерелаKatsanevakis, Athanasios N. "Performance parameters for boiling and gassed stirred tank reactors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844581/.
Повний текст джерелаSANTOS, Tarcísio David KOnna Nunes. "Simulação em CFP de um reator CSTR para produção de biodíesel." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/301.
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Este trabalho propôs um modelo matemático para um reator do tipo CSTR (continuous stirred-tank reactor) partindo de dados experimentais da cinética da reação de transesterificação entre o óleo de soja e o acetato de metila, tendo como catalisador uma enzima, a Candida Antartica. Um volume foi proposto para reator para que o tempo médio de residência da mistura reacional fosse suficiente tal que o rendimento esperado, com base nos dados obtidos pelo Matlab®, fosse obtido na saída do reator. O estudo reacional fluidodinâmico foi feito utilizando o software comercial ANSYS® versão 15.0. Duas configurações do reator foram propostas otimização, afim de tornar o processo o mais homogêneo possível, tentando atingir as configurações do reator de mistura perfeita. Os impelidores utilizados foram o tipo pás retas inclinadas e o ripo Ribbon (Âncora), afim de avaliar qual dos impelidores consegue o rendimento satisfatório com menor potência de operação. A potência requerida foi determinada através das equações para misturadores mecânicos, sendo avaliado apenas como variável a rotação das pás.
This work proposes a mathematical model to a reactor of CSTR-type (Continuous Stirred-tank reactor) starting from experimental data of the kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil and methyl acetate, with the catalyst enzyme, Candida Antarctica. A reactor volume was proposed for the average residence time of the reaction mixture was sufficient such that the expected yield, based on data obtained by Matlab, was obtained in the reactor outlet. The reaction fluid dynamic study was done using the commercial software ANSYS® version 15.0. The optimization of the reactor was proposed by comparing the reactor operation with two impellers separately in order to make the process more homogeneous as possible, trying to achieve the perfect blend of reactor configurations. The impellers used were the type inclined straight blades and Ribbon RIPO (Anchor), to determine which of the impellers can the satisfactory performance with lower power operation. The required power was determined by the equations for mechanical mixers, being rated only as a variable rotation of the blades
Baumlin, Sébastien. "Craquage thermique des vapeurs de pyrolyse-gazéification de la biomasse en réacteur parfaitement auto-agité par jets gazeux." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL041N/document.
Повний текст джерелаPyrolysis and gasification processes give rise to gases containing by-products such as condensable vapors (tars), aerosols, dust, sulfur compounds and inorganics which may considerably lower the efficiency of catalysts (if chemical synthesis is foreseen) or cause severe damages to motors and turbines (in case of electricity production). Hence, efficient gas treatments are needed. The experiments reported in the present work are related to thermal cracking of condensable vapors. These vapors are produced in a first reactor by biomass pyrolysis (PR) at 540°C. They undergo further cracking in a second vessel, a continuous serf stirred tank reactor (CSSTR), assembled in series with the PR. The CSSTR is operated at temperatures ranging from 550 to 1030°C and gas phase mean residence times ranging from 0,1 to 1 s. Reaction products (char, condensable vapors and permanent gases) are recovered and analyzed. Temperature as well as composition are uniform at any point of the CSSTR. Therefore, it is easy to derive values of kinetic constants from mass balances at a given residence time. Global vapor cracking schemes including gas formation as well as possible maturation into more refractory compounds are proposed. Their kinetic constants are optimized from the experimental results. These models are used to simulate the thermal cracking of a typical load flowing out from a gasifier. Optimal operating conditions of the cracking reactor (in terms of temperature and residence time) are determined to reach the lowest condensable vapors concentration. Thus, efficiency of thermal cracking can be compared to other gas treatment processes
Mushonga, Sylvester Paul. "pH control using two continuous stirred tank reactors in series." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1595785.
Повний текст джерелаThe control of pH is one of the most difficult chemical control schemes in industry. Often, large tanks are used to control pH. The pH in these large tanks frequently overshoots the desired pH set-point and usually takes a long time to reach the desired set-point. In this work, a conceptual pH control process was developed and tested by using two small continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). In this two-step system, the bulk of the neutralization is carried out in the first reactor and then fine-tuned in the second reactor. The conceptual neutralization model was built by analyzing the chemistry behind pH. Because pH is a nonlinear function of hydrogen ion concentration (pH= -log [H+]), the hydrogen ion concentration was chosen as the process measured variable. The slope (Gain) was calculated from a titration curve obtained from a polynomial derived from neutralization chemistry and a practical titration. The process dynamics were then fitted into the classic proportional, integral, and differential (PID) controller using the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning method. The robust tuning parameters produced by the IMC method were able to bring the pH in the first CSTR to the desired set-point. In addition, disturbances from vibrations produced by the pump and magnetic stirrer, slight variations in reactant concentration, and pH probe lags were easily eliminated. Most importantly, pH in the second CSTR settled on the desired neutral set-point of pH 7.0 after brief oscillations. The process was repeatable when the reactors where scaled up one hundred times using synthetic waste water. Autotune variation results produced similar process dynamics to those produced by calculating the slope from the titration curve.
Pani, Fatos. "Hydrodynamique et transferts de matiere en reacteurs agites gaz-liquide et gaz-liquide-liquide : application oxydante du cuivre par lix 65n-hs." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0034.
Повний текст джерелаAnastassiades, Evanguelos. "Étude du fonctionnement de mobiles auto-aspirants dans les réacteurs agités gaz-liquide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL126N.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Donglin. "Liquid macro- and micro-mixing in sparged and boiling stirred tank reactors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395548.
Повний текст джерелаWeber, Sebastian [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] Pietzsch, Jochen [Gutachter] Büchs, and Martin [Gutachter] Sommerfeld. "Jet aerated loop reactors as alternative to stirred tank reactors / Sebastian Weber ; Gutachter: Markus Pietzsch, Jochen Büchs, Martin Sommerfeld." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1210730871/34.
Повний текст джерелаHu, Windy Chiung Wen. "Anaerobic digestion of liquid wastewaters from food industry using continuously stirred tank reactors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531076.
Повний текст джерелаCastellano, Simone. "Multiscale study and modeling of dispersion properties relevant for liquid-liquid extraction : adaptation of breakup and coalescence kernels to industrial processes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1243.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD project deals with the study of the hydrodynamics of the dispersions in the liquid-liquid extractors employed in the nuclear recycle industry. In the first part of the project, a zero-dimensional homogenous Population Balance Model (0D-PBM), based on the evaluation of the volume-averaged coalescence and breakup rates, is adopted to fit low-viscosity turbulent liquid-liquid dispersion experiments. The method accounts for the spatial inhomogeneities in mixing, namely for the probability density function of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation in the apparatus. In the second part of this study, a generalized model for the breakage and coalescence kernels, valid for the entire spectrum of turbulence, is proposed and validated. Most of the available kernels in literature indeed are based on the Kolmogorov second-order structure function, which is only valid in the inertial subrange. However, in many industrially encountered situations, most of the droplets may have size in the dissipation range, where the Kolmogorov second-order structure function does not apply. The generalized model is based on the Davidson second-order structure function, valid in the entire spectrum of turbulence. In the last part of the study, a model that allows to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of a pulsed column is proposed. The model is based on a 1D Population Balance Equation (1D-PBE), whose source terms were modeled through the generalized Coulaloglou and Tavlarides kernels. The turbulent inhomogeneities in the pulsed column were accounted through the probability density function of the turbulent dissipation rate. The model well reproduces the experimental Sauter mean diameters and the dispersed phase volume fractions in a compartment of the pulsed column
Medeiros, de Lima Filho Nelson. "Hydrogénolyse catalytique d'amidon de maïs en réacteur gaz-liquide-solide mécaniquement agité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL042N.
Повний текст джерелаTilland, Airy. "Étude de l’évolution de la réactivité des matériaux porteurs d’oxygène dans un procédé de combustion en boucle chimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0218/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) process produces energy by combustion of methane while capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2). An oxygen carrier (NiO/NiAl2O4) is used to deliver oxygen during the combustion of methane. It is then regenerated by air. The oxygen carrier material degrades over time, which increases the costs of the process and reduces its performance. The present study aims at determining the impacts of thermal and chemical phenomena on the oxygen carrier degradations. The reaction mechanisms corresponding to the reduction and oxidation of the oxygen carrier are determined and validated through experimental studies and the modeling of a continuously auto-stirred tank reactor (CASTR) and a plug flow reactor. The importance of controlling the quantity of deposited carbon in the process is illustrated. Then, the kinetic parameters of the reactions representing the reduction of nickel oxide are determined with an original model of the CASTR and validated in the plug flow reactor. The interest of using the CASTR for the determination of kinetic constants of the reactions involved in CLC process is presented. The obtained parameters give a good description of all reactions even if additional work is required to obtain a better precision of the results. Finally, a degradation mechanism of the oxygen carrier has been proposed. This mechanism describes the large production of fine particles separated from the grains and their role in the observed agglomeration phenomena. The support material, supposed to be inert, provides some of its oxygen. The methodology developed in this work could be adapted for the analysis and the characterization of other oxygen-carriers