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Статті в журналах з теми "TANDEM APPLICATIONS"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 жовтня 2023

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1

Yamaguchi, Masafumi, Kan-Hua Lee, Daisuke Sato, Kenji Araki, Nobuaki Kojima, Tatsuya Takamoto, Taizo Masuda, and Akinori Satou. "Overview of Si Tandem Solar Cells and Approaches to PV-Powered Vehicle Applications." MRS Advances 5, no. 8-9 (2020): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.66.

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ABSTRACTDevelopment of high-efficiency solar cell modules and new application fields are significant for the further development of photovoltaics (PV) and creation of new clean energy infrastructure based on PV. Especially, development of PV-powered EV applications is desirable and very important for this end. This paper shows analytical results for efficiency potential of various solar cells for choosing candidates of high-efficiency solar cell modules for automobile applications. As a result of analysis, Si tandem solar cells are thought to be some of their candidates. This paper also overviews efficiency potential and recent activities of various Si tandem solar cells such as III-V/Si, II-VI/Si, chalcopyrite/Si, perovskite/Si and nanowire/Si tandem solar cells. The III-V/Si tandem solar cells are expected to have a high potential for various applications because of high efficiency with efficiencies of more than 36% for 2-junction and 42 % for 3-junction tandem solar cells under 1-sun AM1.5 G, lightweight and low-cost potential. Recent results for our 28.2 % efficiency and Sharp’s 33% mechanically stacked InGaP/GaAs/Si 3-junction solar cell are also presented. Approaches to automobile application by using III-V/Si tandem solar cells and static low concentration are presented.

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2

Yauk, Carole, and Aris Polyzos. "Tandem repeat DNA: applications in mutation analysis." Environmental Mutagen Research 27, no. 2 (2005): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3123/jems.27.93.

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3

Fustero, Santos, Pablo Barrio, and Silvia Catalán-Muñoz. "Asymmetric Tandem Reactions: New Strategies and Applications." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 188, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2012.736105.

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4

Hyun, Jiyeon, Kyung Mun Yeom, Ha Eun Lee, Donghwan Kim, Hae-Seok Lee, Jun Hong Noh, and Yoonmook Kang. "Efficient n-i-p Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Tin Oxide via a Chemical Bath Deposition Method." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 7614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227614.

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Tandem solar cells, based on perovskite and crystalline silicon absorbers, are promising candidates for commercial applications. Tin oxide (SnO2), applied via the spin-coating method, has been among the most used electron transfer layers in normal (n-i-p) perovskite/silicon tandem cells. SnO2 synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) has not yet been applied in tandem devices. This method shows improved efficiency in perovskite single cells and allows for deposition over a larger area. Our study is the first to apply low-temperature processed SnO2 via CBD to a homojunction silicon solar cell without additional deposition of a recombination layer. By controlling the reaction time, a tandem efficiency of 16.9% was achieved. This study shows that tandem implementation is possible through the CBD method, and demonstrates the potential of this method in commercial application to textured silicon surfaces with large areas.

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5

Nikolskaia, A. B., S. S. Kozlov, M. F. Vildanova, O. K. Karyagina, and O. I. Shevaleevskiy. "Four-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells for low light applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012191.

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Abstract Here novel high efficient semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on ZrO2 photoelectrodes were fabricated and were used as top elements in tandem systems with crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells in four-terminal configuration. The comparative analysis of photovoltaic parameters measured for PSCs, c-Si solar cells and PSC/c-Si tandem solar cells demonstrated that the use of ZrO2 photoelectrodes allows to improve the PSC performance and to achieve efficiencies for PSC/c-Si tandem solar cell higher than for a standalone c-Si solar cell under varying illumination conditions.

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6

Ebruli, Cuneyt, Ayşe Nur Demiral, Riza Çetingöz, Ferhat Eyiler, and Münir Kinay. "The Variability of Applicator Position among High Dose Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy Applications in Cervical Cancer Patients Treated with Ring & Tandem Applicators." Tumori Journal 93, no. 5 (September 2007): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160709300505.

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Objective To evaluate the interindividual and intraindividual applicator position variability in high dose rate ring and tandem intracavitary brachytherapy applications in locally advanced cervical cancer. Patients and Methods Eight patients with locally advanced cervical cancer formed the study population. They had been treated in Dokuz Eylül University Department of Radiation Oncology between the years 2000 and 2005 with high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy using ring and tandem applicators. The 3-dimensional geometric variation of the applicator center in craniocaudal, mediolateral and anteroposterior directions was determined on the basis of bony reference points in 24 pairs of orthogonal films obtained in the conventional simulator. Then the following evaluations were performed: 1) the applicator position variability in all applications (interindividual variability), 2) the intraindividual applicator position variability relative to the first application, 3) the intraindividual applicator position variability relative to the average of three applications. Among the potential factors that might influence the reproducibility of ring and tandem applications, age, stage, the period between external radiotherapy and brachytherapy were evaluated by univariate analysis. Results Standard deviation of interindividual applicator variability was 3.83 mm in craniocaudal, 0.39 mm in mediolateral and 2.86 mm in anteroposterior directions. The standard deviation of intraindividual variability relative to the first application was 1.91 mm in craniocaudal, 0.4 mm in mediolateral, and 4.26 mm in anteroposterior directions. The standard deviation of intraindividual variability relative to the average of three applications was 0.95 mm in craniocaudal, 1.86 mm in mediolateral, and 1.24 mm in anteroposterior directions. According to univariate analysis, no factor influenced applicator position variability. Conclusions In order to extract definitive conclusions about factors that affect positional reproducibility of ring and tandem applicators, studies are needed that include larger numbers of patients.

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7

Levin, Daphne, Janna Menhel, Tanya Rabin, M. Raphael Pfeffer, and Zvi Symon. "Dosimetric Comparison of Tandem and Ovoids vs. Tandem and Ring for Intracavitary Gynecologic Applications." Medical Dosimetry 33, no. 4 (December 2008): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2008.06.003.

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8

Heiles, Sven. "Advanced tandem mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics—methods and applications." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413, no. 24 (June 18, 2021): 5927–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03425-1.

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AbstractMetabolomics and lipidomics are new drivers of the omics era as molecular signatures and selected analytes allow phenotypic characterization and serve as biomarkers, respectively. The growing capabilities of untargeted and targeted workflows, which primarily rely on mass spectrometric platforms, enable extensive charting or identification of bioactive metabolites and lipids. Structural annotation of these compounds is key in order to link specific molecular entities to defined biochemical functions or phenotypes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS), first and foremost collision-induced dissociation (CID), is the method of choice to unveil structural details of metabolites and lipids. But CID fragment ions are often not sufficient to fully characterize analytes. Therefore, recent years have seen a surge in alternative tandem MS methodologies that aim to offer full structural characterization of metabolites and lipids. In this article, principles, capabilities, drawbacks, and first applications of these “advanced tandem mass spectrometry” strategies will be critically reviewed. This includes tandem MS methods that are based on electrons, photons, and ion/molecule, as well as ion/ion reactions, combining tandem MS with concepts from optical spectroscopy and making use of derivatization strategies. In the final sections of this review, the first applications of these methodologies in combination with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry imaging are highlighted and future perspectives for research in metabolomics and lipidomics are discussed. Graphical abstract

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9

Li, Yan, Hongwei Hu, Bingbing Chen, Teddy Salim, Jing Zhang, Jianning Ding, Ningyi Yuan, and Yeng Ming Lam. "Reflective perovskite solar cells for efficient tandem applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 1 (2017): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04510c.

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Tandem solar cells combining a wide bandgap, efficient perovskite absorber with a low bandgap photovoltaic module, such as a c-Si cell, can potentially achieve a high theoretical efficiency of over 30%.

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10

Kushnir, Mark M., Alan L. Rockwood, and Jonas Bergquist. "Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry applications in endocrinology." Mass Spectrometry Reviews 29, no. 3 (August 25, 2009): 480–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.20264.

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11

Wang, S. L., S. H. Lee, A. Gupta, and A. D. Compaan. "RF sputtered HgCdTe films for tandem cell applications." physica status solidi (c) 1, no. 4 (February 3, 2004): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200304170.

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12

Leggett, G. J., J. C. Vickerman, and D. Briggs. "Applications of tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry in SIMS." Surface and Interface Analysis 16, no. 1-12 (July 1990): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160104.

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13

Lu, Yi-Ting, Benedictus Yohanes Bagus Widhianto, Shih-Hsiang Hsu, and Che-Chang Chang. "Tandem Mach Zehnder Directional Coupler Design and Simulation on Silicon Platform for Optical Coherence Tomography Applications." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041054.

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We design and compare the splitting ratio wavelength flatness of directional coupler (DC), Mach-Zehnder directional coupler (MZDC), and tandem MZDC. All coupler responses are analyzed, and tandem MZDC performance is the best in the wavelength insensitivity compared with the other two. An MZDC with any coupling ratio could be utilized to match the maximum flatness in a 40-nm wavelength range. To extend a broad flatness range, the tandem MZDC is proposed and still follows the Mach Zehnder structure taking two MZDCs as couplers connected through a decoupled region. Unlike DC, MZDC with the flat wavelength response has a non-linear output phase. Hence, using two wavelength-insensitive MZDCs as the coupling function in a tandem MZDC could demonstrate a more extensive decoupled phase term to maximize the flat wavelength response. The tandem MZDC theoretically demonstrates the splitting ratio with 100-nm flatness in the wavelength range from 1250 nm to 1350 nm. Finally, a point spread function through the tandem MZDC shows a 24-dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement in optical coherence tomography applications.

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14

Lee, Changhyun, Jiyeon Hyun, Jiyeon Nam, Seok-Hyun Jeong, Hoyoung Song, Soohyun Bae, Hyunju Lee, et al. "Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Deposition for Poly-Si/SiO2 Contact Cells to Minimize Parasitic Absorption in the Near-Infrared Region." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 8199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248199.

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Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells are key emerging devices in the commercial silicon-solar-cell sector. It is essential to have a suitable bottom cell in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells for commercial use, given that good candidates boost efficiency through increased voltage. This is due to low recombination loss through the use of polysilicon and tunneling oxides. Here, a thin amorphous silicon layer is proposed to reduce parasitic absorption in the near-infrared region (NIR) in TOPCon solar cells, when used as the bottom cell of a tandem solar-cell system. Lifetime measurements and optical microscopy (OM) revealed that modifying both the timing and temperature of the annealing step to crystalize amorphous silicon to polysilicon can improve solar cell performance. For tandem cell applications, absorption in the NIR was compared using a semitransparent perovskite cell as a filter. Taken together, we confirmed the positive results of thin poly-Si, and expect that this will improve the application of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.

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15

Boyde, Alan, Milan Hadravský, Mojmír Petran, Timothy F. Watson, Sheila J. Jones, Lawrence B. Martin, and Stephen A. Reid. "Tandem scanning reflected light microscopy: How it works and applications." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100142104.

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The principles of tandem scanning reflected light microscopy and the design of recent instruments are fully described elsewhere and here only briefly. The illuminating light is intercepted by a rotating aperture disc which lies in the intermediate focal plane of a standard LM objective. This device provides an array of separate scanning beams which light up corresponding patches in the plane of focus more intensely than out of focus layers. Reflected light from these patches is imaged on to a matching array of apertures on the opposite side of the same aperture disc and which are scanning in the focal plane of the eyepiece. An arrangement of mirrors converts the central symmetry of the disc into congruency, so that the array of apertures which chop the illuminating beam is identical with the array on the observation side. Thus both illumination and “detection” are scanned in tandem, giving rise to the name Tandem Scanning Microscope (TSM). The apertures are arranged on Archimedean spirals: each opposed pair scans a single line in the image.

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16

HIGUCHI, Tetsuo. "Development and Applications of Tandem Pyrolyzer-GC-MS System." Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan 51, no. 1 (2003): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5702/massspec.51.317.

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17

Thiele, Hans. "Tandem chirped grating couplers for data/telecom monitoring applications." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1610479.

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18

Martone, Michele, Carolina Gonzalez, Jose Luis Bueso Bello, and Benjamin Brautigam. "Bandwidth Considerations for Interferometric Applications Based on TanDEM-X." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 14, no. 2 (February 2017): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2634324.

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19

Hay, Todd A., Yurii A. Ilinskii, Evgenia A. Zabolotskaya, Mark F. Hamilton, Chao-Tsung Hsiao, Jin-Keun Choi, Sowmitra Singh, et al. "Modeling the interaction of tandem bubbles for biomedical applications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (April 2012): 3248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708122.

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20

Romijn, Edwin P., Jeroen Krijgsveld, and Albert J. R. Heck. "Recent liquid chromatographic–(tandem) mass spectrometric applications in proteomics." Journal of Chromatography A 1000, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00178-x.

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21

Ching, Wai-Ki, Tang Li, Sin-Man Choi, and Issic K. C. Leung. "A tandem queueing system with applications to pricing strategy." Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization 5, no. 1 (2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2009.5.103.

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22

Tomer, K. B., C. Guenat, J. J. Dino, and L. J. Deterding. "Applications of fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry." Biological Mass Spectrometry 16, no. 1-12 (October 1988): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160194.

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23

Campos, Joana F., and Sabine Berteina-Raboin. "Tandem Catalysis: Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060631.

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In this Review, we consider all the publications since the beginning of the century that describe tandem reactions resulting in the formation of five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (thiazole, imidazole, indole, tetrazole, triazole, and isoxazole). The contents of this review are organized by taxonomy and type of tandem catalysis. It covers orthogonal, auto-, and assisted tandem catalysis, providing an overview of tandem reactions applied tonitrogen heterocycles reported in the literature up to March 2020. We believe that this compilation of data will provide a necessary starting reference to developthe applications of tandem catalysis in medicinal chemistry.

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24

Alanazi, Tarek I. "TCAD Device Simulation of All-Polymer Solar Cells for Indoor Applications: Potential for Tandem vs. Single Junction Cells." Polymers 15, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092217.

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The utilization of indoor photovoltaics makes it feasible to harvest energy from artificial light sources. Although single-junction indoor photovoltaics have demonstrated exceptional efficacy when using LED lighting, there is still a need for more comprehensive testing of tandem structures. Herein, the first systematic TCAD simulation study on the potential for tandem all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) for indoor applications is provided. The presented all-PSCs are based on experimental work in which the top wide bandgap subcell comprises a polymer blend PM7:PIDT, while the bottom narrow bandgap subcell has a polymer blend PM6:PY-IT. Standalone and tandem cells are simulated under AM1.5G solar radiation, and the simulation results are compared with measurements to calibrate the physical models and material parameters revealing PCE values of 10.11%, 16.50%, and 17.58% for the front, rear, and tandem cells, respectively. Next, we assessed the performance characteristics of the three cells under a white LED environment for different color temperatures and light intensities. The results showed a superior performance of the front cell, while a deterioration in the performance was observed for the tandem cell, reflecting in a lower PCE of 16.22% at a color temperature of 2900 K. Thus, an optimized tandem for outdoor applications was not suitable for indoor conditions. In order to alleviate this issue, we propose designing the tandem for indoor lightening by an appropriate choice of thicknesses of the top and bottom absorber layers in order to achieve the current matching point. Reducing the top absorber thickness while slightly increasing the bottom thickness resulted in a higher PCE of 27.80% at 2900 K.

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25

Hsiao, C. T., J. K. Choi, S. Singh, G. L. Chahine, T. A. Hay, Yu A. Ilinskii, E. A. Zabolotskaya, et al. "Modelling single- and tandem-bubble dynamics between two parallel plates for biomedical applications." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 716 (January 25, 2013): 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.526.

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AbstractCarefully timed tandem microbubbles have been shown to produce directional and targeted membrane poration of individual cells in microfluidic systems, which could be of use in ultrasound-mediated drug and gene delivery. This study aims at contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms at play in such an interaction. The dynamics of single and tandem microbubbles between two parallel plates is studied numerically and analytically. Comparisons are then made between the numerical results and the available experimental results. Numerically, assuming a potential flow, a three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) is used to describe complex bubble deformations, jet formation, and bubble splitting. Analytically, compressibility and viscous boundary layer effects along the channel walls, neglected in the BEM model, are considered while shape of the bubble is not considered. Comparisons show that energy losses modify the bubble dynamics when the two approaches use identical initial conditions. The initial conditions in the boundary element method can be adjusted to recover the bubble period and maximum bubble volume when in an infinite medium. Using the same conditions enables the method to recover the full dynamics of single and tandem bubbles, including large deformations and fast re-entering jet formation. This method can be used as a design tool for future tandem-bubble sonoporation experiments.

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26

Minárik, Stanislav. "On the Relativistic Correction of Particles Trajectory in Tandem Type Electrostatic Accelerator." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 23, s1 (August 1, 2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2015-0027.

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Abstract A constant potential is applied to the acceleration of the ion-beam in the tandem type electrostatic accelerator. However, not just one voltage is applied, but instead a number of applications can be made in succession by means of the tandem arrangement of high voltage tubes. This number of voltage applications, which is the number of so-called "stages" of a tandem accelerator, may be two, three, or four, depending on the chosen design. Electrostatic field with approximately constant intensity acts on ions in any stage. In general, non-relativistic dynamics is used for the description of the ion transport in tandem accelerator. Energies of accelerated ions are too low and relativistic effects cannot be commonly observed by standard experimental technique. Estimation of possible relativistic correction of ion trajectories is therefore only a matter of calculation. In this note, we briefly present such calculation. Our aim is to show how using the relativistic dynamics modifies the particles trajectory in tandem type accelerator and what parameters determine this modification.

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27

Ahangharnejhad, Ramez H., Zhaoning Song, Adam B. Phillips, Suneth C. Watthage, Zahrah S. Almutawah, Dhurba R. Sapkota, Prakash Koirala, Robert W. Collins, Yanfa Yan, and Michael J. Heben. "Optical design of perovskite solar cells for applications in monolithic tandem configuration with CuInSe2 bottom cells." MRS Advances 3, no. 52 (2018): 3111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.464.

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Abstract:Monolithic integrated thin film tandem solar cells consisting of a high bandgap perovskite top cell and a low bandgap thin film bottom cell are expected to reach higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with lower manufacturing cost and environmental impacts than the market-dominant crystalline silicon photovoltaics. There have been several demonstrations of 4-terminal and 2-terminal perovskite tandem devices with CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) or CuInSe2 (CIS) and, similar to the other tandem structures, the optimization of this device relies on optimal choice for the perovskite bandgap and thickness. Therefore, further advancement will be enabled by tuning the perovskite absorber to maximize the photocurrent limited by the current match condition. Here, we systematically study the optical absorption and transmission of perovskite thin films with varying absorber band gap. Based on these results, we model the photocurrent generations in both perovskite and CIS subcells and estimate the performances of projected tandem devices by considering the ideally functioning perovskite and CIS device. Our results show that for perovskite layers with 500 nm thickness the optimal bandgap is around 1.6 eV. With these configurations, PCEs above 20% could be achieved by monolithically integrated perovskite/CIS tandem solar cells. Also by modelling the absorption at every layer we calculate the quantum efficiency at each subcell in addition to tracking optical losses.

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28

Scheller-Wolf, Alan, and Karl Sigman. "Moments in Tandem Queues." Operations Research 46, no. 3 (June 1998): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.46.3.378.

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29

Lin, Yen-Ju, David Jui-Yang Feng, and Tzy-Rong Lin. "High-Efficiency Ultrathin Si-Based Solar Cells by Cascading Dilute-Nitride GaNAsP." Materials 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 7415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237415.

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Thin-film solar cells are currently an important research subject. In this study, a lattice-matched GaNAsP/Si tandem cell was designed. We adopted the drift-diffusion model to analyze the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell. To find the maximum solar cell PCE, the recombination terms and the interlayer between subcells was omitted. For an optimal tandem cell PCE, this study analyzed the mole fraction combinations of GaNAsP and the thickness combinations between the GaNAsP and the Si subcells of the tandem cell. Our results showed the superiority of the tandem cell over the Si cell. The 4.5 μm tandem cell had a 12.5% PCE, the same as that of the 10.7 μm Si cell. The 11.5 μm tandem cell had 20.2% PCE, while the 11.5 μm Si cell processed 12.7% PCE. We also analyzed the Si subcell thickness ratio of sub-12 μm tandem cells for maximum PCE. The tandem cell with a thickness between 40% to 70% of a Si cell would have a max PCE. The ratio depended on the tandem cell thickness. We conclude that the lattice-matched GaNAsP/Si tandem cell has potential for ultrathin thin Si-based solar cell applications.

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30

Little, David, and Ema Ushioda. "Designing, implementing and evaluating a project in tandem language learning via e-mail." ReCALL 10, no. 1 (May 1998): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000004304.

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Tandem language learning is based on a partnership between two people, each of whom is learning the other's language. Successful tandem partnerships observe the principle of reciprocity (“tandem learners support one another equally’) and the principle of learner autonomy (“tandem partners are responsible for their own learning”) (Little and Brammerts 1996: 1 Off.). This paper begins by exploring some of the theoretical implications of tandem language learning in general and tandem language learning via e-mail in particular. It then reports on the pilot phase of an e-mail tandem project involving Irish university students learning German and German university students learning English.

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31

Fan, Jinbo, Penghui Li, Weiqi Guo, Xiuguo Zhao, Chen Su, and Xinxi Xu. "Experimental Investigation on the Low-Velocity Impact Response of Tandem Nomex Honeycomb Sandwich Panels." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020456.

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Sandwich panels are often subjected to unpredictable impacts and crashes in applications. The core type and impactor shape affect their impact response. This paper investigates the responses of five tandem Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels with different core-types under low-velocity-impact conditions with flat and hemispherical impactors. From the force response and impact displacement, gradient-tandem and foam-filled structures can improve the impact resistance of sandwich panels. Compared with the single-layer sandwich panel, the first peak of contact force of the foam-gradient-filled tandem honeycomb sandwich panels increased by 34.84%, and maximum impact displacement reduced by 50.98%. The resistance of gradient-tandem Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels under low-velocity impact outperformed uniform-tandem structures. Foam-filled structures change the impact responses of the tandem sandwich panels. Impact damage with a flat impactor was more severe than the hemispherical impactor. The experimental results are helpful in the design of tandem Nomex honeycomb sandwich panels.

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32

Raghavan, Sitaaraman Srinivasa Rao, Nirmala Grace Andrews, and Raja Sellappan. "Carbon-Protected BiVO4—Cu2O Thin Film Tandem Cell for Solar Water Splitting Applications." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010144.

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Carbon-protected BiVO4 photoanode and Cu2O photocathode tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) system has been explored to reduce surface recombination and enhance the stability of the photoelectrodes. In addition to the carbon layer, the electrodeposited FeOOH nanolayer and drop-casted MoS2 co-catalyst layer on the photoanode and photocathode, respectively improve the reaction kinetics. The optimized photoanode (Mo-BiVO4/C/FeOOH) and photocathode (Cu2O/C/MoS2) produces current densities of ~1.22 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and ~−1.48 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE, respectively. The obtained photocurrent is higher than bare photoelectrodes without a carbon layer. Finally, a tandem cell has been constructed, and an unassisted current density of ~0.107 mA cm−2 is obtained for a carbon-protected BiVO4–Cu2O tandem PEC cell at zero bias. The improved stability and enhanced photocurrent of the carbon protective layer are attributed to its better charge transfer resistance and minimized surface defects. Carbon protective layer can be a viable option to improve the stability of photoelectrodes in aqueous media.

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33

Smirnov, V., A. Lambertz, S. Tillmanns та F. Finger. "p- and n-type microcrystalline silicon oxide (μc-SiOx:H) for applications in thin film silicon tandem solar cells". Canadian Journal of Physics 92, № 7/8 (липень 2014): 932–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0640.

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We report on the development and application of p- and n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide (μc-SiOx:H) alloys in tandem thin film silicon solar cells. Our results show that the optical, electrical, and structural properties of μc-SiOx:H can be conveniently tuned over a wide range to fulfil the requirements for solar cell applications. We have shown that adding of PH3 gas during deposition tends to increase crystallinity of μc-SiOx:H layers, while additional trimethylboron (TMB) tends to suppress crystalline growth. When applied in tandem solar cells, both p- and n-type μc-SiOx:H lead to a remarkable increase in the top cell current. Taking advantage of low refractive index and high optical band gap of μc-SiOx:H allows the achievement of high efficiencies of 13.1% (initial) and 11.8% (stabilized).

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34

Klein, Talysa R., Michelle S. Young, Adele C. Tamboli, and Emily L. Warren. "Lamination of transparent conductive adhesives for tandem solar cell applications." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 54, no. 18 (February 22, 2021): 184002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abe2c4.

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35

Bosch, Maria, Antonin Sanchez, Fuensanta Rojas, and Catalina Ojeda. "Applications of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Pharmaceuticals." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016309789054942.

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36

Chu, Changwoong, Sungsoo Lee, Gwan Hyoung Lee, Young-Shin Lee, Jaekook Ha, Ju-Hyeon Lee, and Byounghee Park. "18.5: Efficient Tandem White OLED Devices for Medical Display Applications." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 41, no. 1 (2010): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.3500424.

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37

Seman, Ali, Zainab Abu Bakar, and Mohamed Nizam Isa. "First Y-Short Tandem Repeat Categorical Dataset for Clustering Applications." Dataset Papers in Biology 2013 (February 17, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7167/2013/364725.

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The Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) data are mainly collected for a performance benchmarking result in clustering methods. There are six Y-STR dataset items, divided into two categories: Y-STR surname and Y-haplogroup data presented here. The Y-STR data are categorical, unique, and different from the other categorical data. They are composed of a lot of similar and almost similar objects. This characteristic of the Y-STR data has caused certain problems of the existing clustering algorithms in clustering them.

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38

Barceló, Damià, and Mira Petrovic. "LC-tandem MS workshop updates on latest developments and applications." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 25, no. 11 (December 2006): 1043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2006.10.004.

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39

X.W., Cheng, Liu L.F., Lai W.Q., Si H.Z., Sheng S.G., Zhou W.N., Zhang W.Z., et al. "Tandem accelerator mass spectrometry at Shanghai — present status and applications." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 92, no. 1-4 (June 1994): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)95974-9.

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40

Wilkinson, Douglas A., Matthew D. Kolar, and Justin J. Juliano. "Variability in Point A dosimetry for tandem and ring applications." Brachytherapy 8, no. 2 (April 2009): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2009.03.122.

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41

Darie-Ion, Laura, Danielle Whitham, Madhuri Jayathirtha, Yashveen Rai, Anca-Narcisa Neagu, Costel C. Darie, and Brînduşa Alina Petre. "Applications of MALDI-MS/MS-Based Proteomics in Biomedical Research." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196196.

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used techniques in proteomics to achieve structural identification and characterization of proteins and peptides, including their variety of proteoforms due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) or protein–protein interactions (PPIs). MALDI-MS and MALDI tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been developed as analytical techniques to study small and large molecules, offering picomole to femtomole sensitivity and enabling the direct analysis of biological samples, such as biofluids, solid tissues, tissue/cell homogenates, and cell culture lysates, with a minimized procedure of sample preparation. In the last decades, structural identification of peptides and proteins achieved by MALDI-MS/MS helped researchers and clinicians to decipher molecular function, biological process, cellular component, and related pathways of the gene products as well as their involvement in pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we highlight the applications of MALDI ionization source and tandem approaches for MS for analyzing biomedical relevant peptides and proteins. Furthermore, one of the most relevant applications of MALDI-MS/MS is to provide “molecular pictures”, which offer in situ information about molecular weight proteins without labeling of potential targets. Histology-directed MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) uses MALDI-ToF/ToF or other MALDI tandem mass spectrometers for accurate sequence analysis of peptide biomarkers and biological active compounds directly in tissues, to assure complementary and essential spatial data compared with those obtained by LC-ESI-MS/MS technique.

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42

Pengcheng, Jia, Xiang Gao, Wentao Bi, Yibin Xing, Lintao Zhang, Boyan Lv, and Cangzhi Wu. "P‐127: Improving the Driving Voltage Stability of Tandem Red OLED." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (June 2023): 1323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16826.

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Tandem OLED device structure could effectively reduce the OLED working current and thus achieve the effect of reducing the OLED power consumption. At the same time, tandem OLED device structure could achieve higher outdoor brightness, reduce battery capacity and reduce the risk of burn‐in effect of OLED display. Therefore, tandem OLED device structure would have a wide range of applications in the future. However, the side effects of tandem OLED device structure are raised the driving voltage and reduced the voltage stability of the device. Our work is to mitigate that side effect. In this paper, the voltage stability of 2‐ unit top‐emitting tandem red OLED was optimized through material screening and structural adjustment. After 300 hours of operation, the variation of voltage has dropped form 0.167 V to 0.085 V at 10 mA/cm2. The driving voltage of tandem red OLED had also decreased by 0.25 V.

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43

Eldrid, Charles, and Konstantinos Thalassinos. "Developments in tandem ion mobility mass spectrometry." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 6 (December 18, 2020): 2457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190788.

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Ion Mobility (IM) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is a useful tool for separating species of interest out of small quantities of heterogenous mixtures via a combination of m/z and molecular shape. While tandem MS instruments are common, instruments which employ tandem IM are less so with the first commercial IM–MS instrument capable of multiple IM selection rounds being released in 2019. Here we explore the history of tandem IM instruments, recent developments, the applications to biological systems and expected future directions.

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44

Levin, D., J. Menhel, T. Rabin, D. Alezra, R. Pfeffer, and Z. Symon. "SU-FF-T-185: Dosimetric Comparison of Tandem and Ovoids Vs. Tandem and Ring for Intracavitary Gynaecologic Applications." Medical Physics 33, no. 6Part9 (June 2006): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2241109.

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45

Thomson, Bruce A. "1997 McBryde Medal Award Lecture Radio frequency quadrupole ion guides in modern mass spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-073.

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The role of RF quadrupoles in modern mass spectrometer and tandem mass spectrometer systems is described. A good deal of the success in the application of tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometers is due to new applications of the RF quadrupole ion guide. Developments that led from the use of very open, "transparent" electrodes in a cryopumped system to the opposite extreme of well-confined RF quadrupoles that operate advantageously at pressures of several mTorr are described. The ion containment properties of RF quadrupoles are remarkably insensitive to the accuracy of the electrode positions. This has allowed the use of novel quadrupole designs in order to provide unique solutions to instrumentational and physical-chemical problems.Key words: quadrupole, focusing, mass spectrometer.

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46

Lautens, Mark, Dino Alberico, Cyril Bressy, Yuan-Qing Fang, Brian Mariampillai, and Thorsten Wilhelm. "Palladium-catalyzed ring-forming reactions: Methods and applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678020351.

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Several Pd-catalyzed cyclization methods were developed, including norbornene-mediated Catellani-type reactions, a Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl iodides and allyl moieties, and a tandem C-N/C-C coupling of gem-dihalovinyl systems. These ring-forming methods were applied to the synthesis of highly functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. Intermolecular Pd-catalyzed methods for synthesis of highly substituted arene compounds were also developed.

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47

Lee, Yong-Joo, and Paul Zipkin. "Tandem Queues with Planned Inventories." Operations Research 40, no. 5 (October 1992): 936–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.40.5.936.

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48

CHEN, SHIH-PIN. "A MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO FUZZY TANDEM QUEUES." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 13, no. 04 (August 2005): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488505003552.

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Tandem queueing models play an important role in many real world systems such as computer systems, production lines, and service systems. This paper proposes a procedure to construct the membership functions of the performance measures in tandem queueing systems, in that the arrival rate and service rates are fuzzy numbers. The basic idea is to transform a fuzzy tandem queue to a family of crisp tandem queues by applying the α -cut approach. Then on the basis of α -cut representation and the extension principle, a pair of mathematical programs is formulated to describe this family of crisp tandem queues, via which the membership functions of the performance measures are derived. Two numerical examples are solved successfully to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. Since the performance measures are expressed by membership functions rather than by crisp values, the fuzziness of input information is completely conserved. Thus the proposed approach for fuzzy systems can represent the system more accurately, and more information is provided for designing queueing systems. The successful extension of tandem queues to fuzzy environments permits tandem queueing models to have wider applications.

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49

Wang, Chia-Li, and Ronald W. Wolff. "Work-Conserving Tandem Queues." Queueing Systems 49, no. 3-4 (April 2005): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11134-005-6968-7.

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50

Zhang, Zhongbo, Haijun Fan, and Xiaozhang Zhu. "Fast construction of dianthraceno[a,e]pentalenes for OPV applications." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 5 (2017): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00867d.

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A new method based on a palladium-catalyzed tandem reaction for the fast construction of a dianthraceno[a,e]pentalene (DAP) framework is developed, which gave a series of dianthraceno[a,e]pentalenes with good functional group tolerance, and it should be highlighted that five C–C bonds were formed in one reaction.

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