Дисертації з теми "Systems de production agricoles"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Systems de production agricoles".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Justinia, Hanitravelo Giffona Loysell. "Impacts des technologies numériques sur les exploitations agricoles en France." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03711385.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, it was found that the subject of study of digital technologies is still recent in the field of agricultural economics. Thus, through a scoping review, gaps were identified whose lack of empirical studies, as well as today's digital technologies, can be categorized into four groups: connection, recording, decision and execution. In the milk sector, these innovations increase production, but these advantages are inversely proportional to the intensity of production. In addition, internet connection technologies and decision support tools are beneficial to all farmers whether they are users or not. Since, thanks to their proximity, they manage to capture more agglomeration advantage. Also, it was found that there is a rebound effect as to the impact of these technologies on the manure production. The contributions of the thesis are that, first of all, it represents the first estimations, to our knowledge, of impacts of digital technologies on a farm on a national scale. Indeed, the data still very recent, matching multiple sources was our first challenge. As well, our estimation methods, namely the Two-Stage least square (2SRI) and the Coarsening Exact Matching (CEM), are new approaches and have more relevant results especially in our context of cross-sectional data with endogeneity. Finally, the last contribution is to make recommendations to enable public policies to understand the effects of new technologies and promote the best of them
Gaujour, Etienne. "Evaluation des sources d'espèces et des déterminants de la diversité végétale des parcelles agricoles : interchamps, stock semencier, pratiques agricoles et paysage de l'Installation Expérimentale Inra ASTER Mirecourt." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL020N/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the means to offset the decrease of pesticide use is to favour agro-ecological services of plant diversity. In this aim, farmer will have to adapt its farming management. My work partly answers to the following applied objective: to bring to the farmer some advices for the management of plant diversity on the farm territory. I have two scientific objectives: i) to verify if field boundaries and soil seed bank are potential sources of plant species for field centres; ii) to quantify the relative influence of dynamics of two factor groups, characterized as field paths, on plant diversity: farming practices and characteristics of landscape mosaïc.I have carried out this study on the experimental farm of INRA ASTER Mirecourt. Its farming systems (mixed crop-dairy systems) have been converted to organic farming since 2004. I have characterized vegetation - established vegetation in field boundaries and in field centres, and vegetation in the soil seed bank - of permanent grasslands and arable fields with complementary approaches: taxonomical approach based on the species, and functional approach based on seven functional properties about dispersal, establishment and persistence of plant species. I have characterized field paths, along nine years, either from farming practices set up on field, either from annual characteristics of landscape mosaïc. I have represented this landscape mosaïc as a mosaïc of distinct land-uses. All of them and their spatialization have been determined from farmer surveys or landscape observations.My results show that soil seed bank and field bboundaries are not potential sources of plant species for field centres, in both permanent grasslands and arable fields. On the other hand, they are efficient refuges for a large part of grassland species. According to my results, I hypothesize that field boudaries are species sinks in arable fields. I also highlight that functional gradient of grassland vegetation in the field edge, between field margins and field centres, is spread until 2 m only.Finally, plant diversity in studied fields is mainly influenced by field path according landscape mosaïc and by farming practices set up the same year of vegetation sampling. Soil characteristics have a minor influence. These three groups of influent factors explain more than 75 % of the functional composition variability of the vegetation in field centres.The management of plant diversity in agricultural fields of a given farm can be partly reach by the farmer. However, according to the effects of field paths about landscape mosaïc, it is necessary to set up a collective management of plant diversity with all actors sharing the studied territory
Fleury, Philippe. "Le Diagnostic agronomique des végétations prairiales et son utilisation dans la gestion des exploitations agricoles : typologies fondées sur les aptitudes des prairies à remplir des fonctions, méthodes et applications dans les Alpes du Nord." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_FLEURY_P.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYoeu, Asikin. "Integrating ecosystem services into agricultural land use analysis and planning in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0017.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of ecosystem services (ES) is helpful to assess the benefits of policies that influence both the production of goods and services as well as the environmental conditions in which human societies are situated. In the rural sector, while addressing the trade-offs between agricultural production and the other services is now becoming common for a given stage of the land use at a precise date and for a specific region, this theoretical framework is more rarely used to measure their transformations over time and space. This dissertation generally looks at the provision of different ES in the province of Mondulkiri in Cambodia as the result of changes in the land uses, ultimately aiming at identifying feasible solutions for the possible challenges rose by the trade-offs between the different services. The combined impact of these changes on the agricultural production taken globally is appraised by using the land policies and the rubber market prices as the main variables. The results show the powerful drive of the rubber market to explain the changes in land use, the land policies demonstrating a lower impact, or more visible when the prices of the rubber are high when they decrease as it is the case nowadays. Farming systems that are the most efficient economically for the producers and ecologically in terms of ES provision, are systems in which farmers combined shifting cultivation in the mountain with cassava production in the plain. Finally, the possible strategies to mitigate trade-offs in provision of ES are evaluated and compared. The benefits and costs of the land use and ES management are measured along several designed scenarios. The findings of this study indicate that the policy favoring large-scale concessions may result in several positive effects, while only when the rubber prices are high. The analysis of the land use foresight based on various tested scenarios and their impact suggests that in some cases, the value-added of crops may be high enough to generate a positive income, but the compensation for environmental losses and opportunity costs are still uncertain. This seems to be particularly the case of rubber compared to other alternative land uses including forest or shifting cultivation. In all these cases, the scenarios may serve as a transparent framework to ensure that decisions are based on assessments that consider ecosystem trade-offs in the future
Brulard, Nicolas. "Outils d'aide à la conception de systèmes de production maraîchers urbains optimisés pour la vente en circuits courts et de proximité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI002.
Повний текст джерелаTo support the urban farm emergence trend in large metropolises, we propose decision support tools based on mathematical programs to design market gardening farms targetting the demands of different categories of clients in local fresh fruits and vegetables. Technical solutions develop rapdily, but the strong constraints linked to urban farming, such as limited surface and high operating costs, make difficult to define viable and sustainable business models for urban market gardeners. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented: An annual strategic sizing model, a client combination selection model and a plurennial strategic sizing model for diversified fruit and vegetable farms. Numerical results and model performances are presented, based on multi-products, multi-techniques and multi-periods real cases. Our main contributions are the consideration of the perishable nature of fruits and vegetables in strategic production systems sizing models, including notably the investments and workforce sizing
Lamah, Daniel. "L'insertion de la caféiculture dans les structures de production en Guinée forestière." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927761.
Повний текст джерелаPalliere, Augustin. "" Un sac de riz vide ne tient pas debout ". Dynamiques agraires régionales et marginalisation de la paysannerie sierra-léonaise." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055562.
Повний текст джерелаDakpo, K. Hervé. "Non-parametric modelling of pollution-generating technologies : theoretical and methodological considerations, with an application to the case of greenhouse gas emissions in suckler breeding systems in French grassland areas." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10474/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growing importance of environmental matters in social responsibility of firms has generated many frameworks of analysis in the economic literature. Among those frameworks, performance evaluation and benchmarking using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have increased at a very fast rate. This PhD research focuses on models that include undesirable outputs such as pollution in the overall production system, to appraise eco-efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Besides, the recent awareness on the large contribution of agriculture and particularly livestock farming to global warming, has highlighted for this sector the challenge of reaching both economic and environmental performances. In this line, the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a theoretical and empirical background in modelling pollution-generating technologies and to suggest theoretical improvements that are consistent with the particular case of greenhouse gas emissions in extensive livestock systems. Firstly, we showed that all existing approaches that deal with undesirable outputs in the non-parametric analysis (i.e. DEA) have some strong drawbacks. However, the models grounded on the estimation of multiple independent sub-technologies offer interesting opportunities. Secondly, I developed a new framework that extends the by-production approach through the introduction of some explicit dependence constraints that link the sub-technologies in order to build a unified system. Thirdly, an empirical comparison, using a sample of French sheep meat farms, of this by-production modelling extension with the existing approaches, revealed some inconsistencies of these latter. Finally, we expanded this new by-production formulation to account for dynamic aspects related to the presence of adjustment costs. The application to the case of French suckler cow farms underlined the necessity of accounting for dynamic aspects and also showed high heterogeneity in investment strategies of these farmers
Dross, Camille. "Stratégies d’utilisation des sols agricoles pour concilier production et oiseaux spécialistes des milieux agricoles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA028/document.
Повний текст джерелаAgricultural expansion and intensification have disastrous consequences on biodiversity. Studying the relationship between biodiversity and food production can help devise appropriate measures.The objective of this work was to reveal land use strategies to halt the decline of farmland birds while maintaining agricultural production.Our work was based on the study of correlations between agricultural land use, food production, and various bird community descriptors across French agroecosystems.In high crop production regions, we observed low-diversity communities dominated by few arable specialist species. In high livestock production regions, we observed communities dominated by generalist bird species. The land-use strategy that maximized the Farmland Bird Index under crop and livestock production constraints involved a decrease of crop intensity in the most intensive crop regions and an increase of livestock intensity in the most intensive livestock regions. Extensive livestock production was reinforced in current extensive areas.Our results have shown that different strategies are needed in crop-dominated and in livestock dominated regions
Gatien-Tournat, Amandine. "Spécificités de l'agriculture dans les vallées principales du bassin versant de la Maine." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis analyzes relationships betweenfarming activity and its local environment,precisely in the valleys. In these valleyenvironments that have specific features in termsof soils, topography and water flows modes,farming activities have to adapt, take advantage orcope with the natural features, as well as satisfyresource management requirements (such aswater and landscapes quality, riverbankmanagement, biodiversity...). The case study fieldis made of the three main valleys of a basin inwestern France, Maine river basin (Loir, Mayenneand Sarthe rivers). In these valleys areconcentrated several functions and social uses, inwhich agriculture represents one of the mostdominant elements. First, it is shown thatagriculture is specific in these valleys in terms ofenvironmental conditions and socio-economicalcontext, at different scales (from basin level tostudy areas level composed of a few municipalitiesin valleys), and throughout time (from 19th centuryuntil today). Then, interviews with farmers at thefarming system level give access to the variety ofassessments of a same local environment, namelythe bottom of the valley characterized by wet soilsand sloped sides. Specific land uses in the valleysare revealed from these investigations: kinds ofcrops, plots accessibility, grass forage types, etc.Finally, the selection of eight qualitative andquantitative criteria, such as distribution of plots,land use dynamics or nature of the relationship towater resources in the valley, has allowed us tobuild a typology of three types of farms, based onthe level of appreciation of the valley environmentby farmers
Roesch, Marc. "Surplus agricoles et stratégies de production chez les exploitants agricoles de la province du Zou (Bénin)." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10027.
Повний текст джерелаAraujo, Claudio Eduardo. "Les effets de l'instabilité des prix sur la production agricole : application au Brésil." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF1A001.
Повний текст джерелаAraujo, Claudio Eduardo. "Les effets de l'instabilité des prix sur la production agricole : application au Brésil." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10008.
Повний текст джерелаDiez, Estenaga Ana Isabel. "Les Fronts pionniers des Llanos colombiens de la colonisation à l'intensification de la production agricole, le cas du Meta /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604552z.
Повний текст джерелаLotfi, Ali. "Durabilité écologique des paysages agricoles et production de bois, bocage et néobocage." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588228.
Повний текст джерелаGhib, Marie-Luce. "Transformations des structures agricoles de production en Roumanie : quelles politiques publiques d'accompagnement ?" Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799215.
Повний текст джерелаGhib, Marie Luce. "Transformations des structures agricoles de production en Roumanie : quelles politiques publiques d'accompagnement ?" Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOE017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the context of the accession of Romania to the EU and more widely with thesecond post-communist decade (2000-2010) in which we analyse the evolution of Romanian agricultural structures. In this context, the question of the main factors of structural changes arised as well as the role of supportive public policies. Firstly, the theoretical framework based on development economics and historical institutional economics is built. It then enables in a first partthe analysis of the embeddedness of Romanian agricultural sector within its social context. In thispart, we are also define and characterize so called “agricultural production structures”. The role of agriculture as a social buffer is also observed over the period studied, in addition to other forms of regulation which have emerged (national and international migrations). Structural evolutions arethen analysed using different databases. We observed a decrease in smaller units for the benefit of the average farms. Larger farms have also known a decrease in number and in size, which we attribute to restitution and to the end of privatization. The thesis attempts to identify the factors of these evolutions (survival and growth) using an econometric model in two stages. For that purposewe are also compare the evolution of Romanian structures to those of other European countries including Hungary and Slovenia. Finally, a policy evaluation is conducted on a series of measures identified to have restructuring goal. It appears that in general the absorption of funds, the intermediate target, is prefered to rural penetration of these levers, which is the final objective of thepolicy. Thus, while support for average farms seems relevant somes limitations appear in the implementation. Finally, the reorientation of the agricultural population will not be achieved onlyby the measures studied, for they are under-budgeted or because their effects are over-estimated
Teza susţinută se deruleaza în contextul aderării României la UE, şi pe scară mai largă teza analizeaza evoluţia structurilor de producţie agricola românesti pe al doilea deceniu post-comunist(2000-2010). În acest context, se pune problema pe principalii factori de schimbare structurală şirolul politicilor publice de susţinere. In primul rând, un cadru teoretic bazat pe economie dedezvoltare şi economie istorica instituţională este construit. Multumita acestui cadru se poateanaliza într-o primă parte, sectorul agricol românesc cuprins in sfera sociala, după definirea şi caracterizarea a ceea ce sa numit "structurile agricole de producţie”. Rolul de amortizor social aagriculturii se mai observa în perioada studiată, cu toate că alte forme de regulare au apărut(emigraţia naţionala şi internaţionala). Se face apoi observarea evoluţiilor folosind diferite baze dedate. Şi se observă o reducere în unităţi mai mici în beneficiul fermelor medii. Entităţile mai mari,de asemenea, cunosc o micşorare negativa în număr şi mărime, pe care le atribuim la sfârşitul procesului de privatizare şi de restituire. Teza încearcă să identifice apoi aceşti factori (de supravieţuire şi de creştere), utilizând un model econometric în două etape. Comparam evoluţia structurilor româneşti, cu cele din alte ţări europene, inclusiv Ungaria şi Slovenia. În ultima parte, oevaluarea politică se desfăşoară pe o serie de măsuri identificate pentru a avea un obiectiv de restructurare. Se pare că, în general, absorbţia fondurilor, obiectivul intermediar, este privilegiata laprenetratie in mediu rural din aceste pârghii, obiectivul final al politicii. Astfel, în timp ce sprijinulpentru fermele medii pare relevant apar niste limitarii în punerea în aplicare. In sfirsit, reorientarea populaţiei agricole va avea loc nu numai prin măsurile studiate, care sunt sub-bugetate sau ale cărorefecte sunt supra-estimate
Lecole, Pauline. "Les petites exploitations agricoles françaises." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0036/document.
Повний текст джерелаSmall farms (identified by statistical services as farms with a standard output of less than 25000€) are relatively unknown and condemned to disappear by French and European agricultural modernization policies. In the 2010 agricultural census, 178 000 farms are counted as small farms, representing more than 36% of metropolitan French farms. In the first chapter, we present a statistical description of small farms in comparison with medium and large farms. Small farms are mostly run by elderly farmers with low levels of education/training who work half-time on the farm and have little additional workforce. In the second chapter, we implement a typology of small farms using a mixed classification method. We obtain five different groups and deduce potential strategies developed by small farms. These strategies are partially confirmed by the study of different small farms trajectories between 2000 and 2010. We find farmers close to cessation of farming, as well as farmers in the setting-up stage and farmers who are not in a transition phase. This statistical analysis is completed in the third chapter by field surveys. The first survey is administered in less favored areas of the Baronnies of the Pyrénées, and the second one in the peri-urban area of Montpellier. These surveys are complemented by statistical data from the 2010 agricultural census to assess the environmental, social and economic contributions of small farms. The fourth chapter focuses on the Common Agricultural Policy. With the enlargement of the EU, small farms found a place in political discourse. We suggest ways of adapting the 2014-2020 CAP support schemes to small farms. We study the Small Farms Scheme and its advantages as a simplified scheme involving an unconditional flat-rate. We then review measures to favour employment in small farms and measures to facilitate setting-up and access to agricultural land
Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Hanh. "Analyse de cycle de vie de la production bovine : exploration de pratiques et de changements de système pour réduire les impacts environnementaux." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844398.
Повний текст джерелаTorres, Pérez Jonatan. "Production de charbons actifs à partir de résidus agricoles pour l'élimination de micropolluants." Nantes, 2009. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4a89ea1d-32fe-46b7-a389-f26a034acb4e.
Повний текст джерелаThe conversion of two agricultural wastes, sugar beet pulp and peanut hulls, into porous carbonaceous materials is presented and their potential application for As(V) and tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions is investigated. The properties such as surfaces areas, elemental and ash contents, pHPZC and efficiencies for As(V) and tetracycline removal of these alternatives carbonaceous materials are compared with those of commercial granular activated carbons (GACs). The results show that carbonaceous materials obtained from sugar beet pulp (BP-H2O) and peanut hulls (PH-H2O) could be used for the treatment of arsenic and tetracycline contaminated water. Their performances are also improved when the carbonaceous materials are prepared by physical activation (steam) and then modified through iron impregnation especially for As(V) sorption. The pore volume analysis shows that two different carbon surfaces for each by-product were obtained, an equal microporous and mesoporous volume for the BP-H2O and a predominantly microporous volume for PH-H2O. According to the experimental results, the activated and then iron modified carbonaceous materials present a great As(V) sorption capacities (2930 and 3280 μg. G-1 for BP-H2O-Fe and PH-H2O-Fe respectively) that are higher than the sorption capacity of a commercial activated carbon (GAC1) (1240 μg. G-1). In the case of tetracycline, the BP-H2O reaches a maximum sorption capacity of 288. 3 mg. G-1 while GACs reach sorption capacities from 133 to 817 mg. G-1. It is clear that beet pulp and peanut hulls are cheap and abundant wastes that can be used like precursors to obtain activated carbons with different characteristics for As(V) and tetracycline
Eisenstein, Donald D. "Self-organizing production systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30721.
Повний текст джерелаGoi, Isabelle. "Performances agricoles comparées en Afrique au Sud du Sahara : 1961-1983." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF10001.
Повний текст джерелаYamamoto, Yuji. "Kaikaku in production toward creating unique production systems." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20901.
Повний текст джерелаKaikaku
Corrales, Roa Elcy. "Caractérisation des espaces et pratiques de conservation dans les systèmes de production familiale en Colombie : quelles contributions pour la conservation des paysages?" Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857385.
Повний текст джерелаSabatier, Damien. "Influence des facteurs agro-climatiques sur les modalités d'allocation de la biomasse produite aux différentes composantes lignocellulosiques des structures de la canne à sucre." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00944800.
Повний текст джерелаDarwich, Salem. "La relance de l'agriculture familiale au Liban : tentatives de reconversion des cultures illicites et changement des systèmes de production dans la région de Baalbeck-Hermel, Béqaa-Liban." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0035.
Повний текст джерелаPanapitukkul, Nipa. "Contribution de la teledetection spatiale a la caracterisation des systemes de production agricole en thailande du sud (provinces de phatthalung et songkhla)." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20081.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectivite of the present work is to characterize agricultural production systems dominated by rice and rubber cultivation. The study is based on land use pattern analysis by mean of remotely sensed imageries of one site in songkhla lake basin. Southern thailand. Two spot i images acquired during pre-rainy season (1986) and during dry season (1987), and one landsat-tm image acquired during rainy season were used for this analysis. Land cover supervised classifications were processed in a series of image processings, successive masks, multispectral classifications, multitemporal classifications, textural analysis and classification crossings. The main difficulties arise due to a cloud coverage problem and radiometric confusions between certains types of land cover. These problems have been partly solved by crossing the classifications of the three images and by replacing the clouds in one image by the homologous pixels from the classification of the others. The land cover types and the agro-ecological landscape types are displayed in "result images" which contribute significantly to analyse the cultural systems, specifically the system of rice cultivation, and to show up the operative organisation in local area. Finally, the result images provided a better comprehension of agricultural production systems associating field knowledge with complementary informations of spatial land use distribution
Ribeiro, Luís Domingos Ferreira. "Diagnosis in evolvable production systems." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7074.
Повний текст джерелаMahul, Olivier. "La gestion des risques de production en agriculture : le rôle de la prévention et de l'assurance." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10028.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this doctorate thesis is to highlight the potential role that prevention and insurance can play in managing agricultural production risk. In a first part we analyse farmer's preventive investments when he is faced with a production risk. We characterise his optimal input demand and we study the effect of a second source of risk on his optimal preventive input demand (chapter 1). When his outcome function is discontinuous we show that a risk- neutral farmer behaves as if he was risk averse or risk lover depending on his initial wealth (chapter 2). In a second part we examine the role of insurance in crop risk management. We compare the US policy instrument designed to deal with yield uncertainty and the French one (chapter 3), and we wonder whether crop risk is insurable. We determine the design of optimal crop insurance contract when the output price is uncertain and when the indemnity function is based on variables exogenous to the individual farm such as regional yields or observed climatic experience (chapter 4). The third part is devoted to animal contagious disease management. From an epidemiological model for the transmission dynamics of animal disease (chapter 5), we propose an economic evaluation of highly contagious disease management (chapter 6). The compulsory vaccination turns out to be dominated in terms of social welfare by the free choice situation, unless the vaccine is not perfectly effective. We adopt a computer simulation approach to quantify the economic consequences of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks
Larue, Solène. "Microéconomie de la localisation des activités agricoles : le cas d’une production à fortes contraintes environnementales." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOE001.
Повний текст джерелаWith the recent modifications of agricultural policies, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the economic determinants of the location of agricultural productions. The thesis leans on the case of a production slightly helped by authorities and subjected to strong environmental constraints. The mechanisms which risk being in work in the future for the various agricultural productions are examined more directly. To solve this problem, we privileged first of all a microeconomic modelling of the porcine sector, by insisting on the spatial effects led by the various structural changes. Afterward, we estimated empirically the impact of the agglomeration externalities (pecuniary, technical or environmental) on the Danish and French porcine productions. Finally, we tested the role of these same determinants on the individual performances of the exploitations to examine if the effects were identical to those noticed at the aggregated level. We show that technical externalities have a prevailing role on the agglomeration and the performances than trade relations of upstream and downstream sectors influence. A contrario, the global effect of the environmental constraints plays a dispersive role on the production but is not intense enough to thwart the effect of the agglomeration externalities. In a global way, these environmental variables do not however alter the individual performances of firms, suggesting that they react to these constraints by an improvement of their technical efficiency
Thanapongtharm, Weerapong. "Modelling the distribution of pig production and diseases in Thailand." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/222071.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Netland, Torbjørn H. "Company-specific production systems: Managing production improvement in global firms." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23711.
Повний текст джерелаHvordan kan en bedrift forbedre produksjonen i alle sine fabrikker samtidig? Mange multinasjonale selskaper mener at det kan gjøres gjennom et strategisk produksjonsforbedringsprogram som implementeres i deres globale produksjonsnettverk. Istedenfor å la hver fabrikk selv finne ut av hvordan man best forbedrer produksjonen, tilbyr morsselskapet et bedriftsspesifikt produksjonssystem: et XPS. “X”-en står for bedriftens navn, mens “PS” er en forkortelse for “produksjonssystem”, eller tilsvarende. Noen få gode eksempler inkluderer Bosch Production System, Caterpillar Production System, Jotun Operations System, Nissan Production Way og—hovedcaset i min egen forskning—Volvo Production System (VPS). Når man utvikler et XPS tilpasser bedriften prinsipper fra alle tilgjengelige oppskrifter for produksjonsforbedring, slik som for eksempel “total kvalitetsledelse” (Deming, 1982), “justin- time produksjon” (Ohno, 1988), “flaskehalsstyring” (Goldratt and Cox, 1984), “world class manufacturing” (Schonberger, 1986), “masseprodusert skreddersøm” (Pine, 1993), “six sigma” (Pande et al., 2000) og, trolig mest kjent, “lean produksjon” (Womack et al., 1990). Det berømte produksjonssystemet til Toyota har utvilsomt vært en spesiell inspirasjonskilde for andre bedrifter (Hofman, 2000; Feggeler and Neuhaus, 2002). Men, med tanke på de betydelige investeringene som gjøres i disse systemene, er det overraskende at vi tilsynelatende vet lite om hvordan vi skal lykkes med å implementere dem. Chakravorty (2010) rapporterte at 60 % av alle six sigma programmer feiler. Pay (2008) fant det samme for 74 % av alle lean prosjekter. Generelt mislykkes to tredjedeler av alle endringsprogrammer i bedrifter (Kotter, 1995; Beer and Nohria, 2001; Aiken and Keller, 2009). En hovedutfordring er å opprettholde forbedringsarbeidet over tid (Bateman, 2005; Schonberger, 2007). Kan et globalt produksjonsforbedringsprogram i form av et XPS levere bedre og vedvarende resultater? Denne avhandlingen søker svar på dette spørsmålet gjennom fem artikler og en diskusjon av dem. Forskningsmetoden er først og fremst kvalitative casestudier, som har mange fordeler når man studerer et fremvoksende og ubeskrevet fenomen (Voss et al., 2002)—slik som XPS. Med unntak av litteratur-sammenskrivningen (Artikkel 2) er all min forskning empirisk og basert på tett interaksjon med industribedrifter, for det meste i Volvo Gruppen (Artikkel 3-5). For eksempel, for å samle data til den femte artikkelen besøkte jeg 40 fabrikker på fem kontinenter, intervjuet mer enn 200 ansatte, samlet 312 svar til en spørreundersøkelse og fikk full tilgang til Volvos egne revisjonsdata på implementering av VPS i fabrikkene. Denne avhandlingen består av to deler: Den første delen er en sammenfatning og diskusjon av forskningsdesignet og funnene i de fem artiklene. Den andre delen er en samling av artiklene, hvor hver av dem svarer på et generelt forskningsspørsmål: 1. Hva er fenomenet “XPS”? (Artikkel 1) 2. Hva sier litteraturen om XPS? (Artikkel 2) 3. Strategisk sett, er det fornuftig å utvikle og innføre et XPS? (Artikkel 3) 4. Forbedrer et XPS ytelsen til en fabrikk? (Artikkel 4) 5. I hvilket mønster forbedrer et XPS ytelsen til en fabrikk? (Artikkel 5) Den første artikkelen analyserer innholdet i 30 XPSer tilhørende kjente multinasjonale selskaper og konkluderer at et XPS er et strategisk produksjonsforbedringsprogram som er skreddersydd til den spesifikke bedriften. Artikkel 2 avdekker bare 30 artikler som eksplisitt studerer implementeringen av produksjonsforbedringsprogrammer i internasjonale fabrikknettverk. Mens litteraturen på “produksjonsforbedring” og “internasjonal ledelse” er modne på hver sin side, er foreningen av dem mye mindre studert. Artikkel 3 foreslår at enhver bedrift kan skaffe seg en konkurransefordel dersom den implementerer et XPS som har en god strategisk tilpasning til bedriften, og gjør det raskere enn sine konkurrenter. Artikkel 4 presenterer statistisk signifikante funn som viser at et XPS kan forbedre produktiviteten i en fabrikk. Avslutningsvis, konkluderer Artikkel 5 at implementeringen av et XPS påvirker en fabrikks produktivitet i et S-kurve-mønster: ytelsen forbedres først langsomt, så raskt og økende, så raskt men avtagende og til slutt langsomt igjen. Disse funnene har viktige implikasjoner for praksis. Et generelt råd er at et XPS kan være en effektiv måte å forbedre produksjonen på i mange fabrikker samtidig. Men jeg avveier dette konkrete rådet med en grundig diskusjon av både forskningsmetodiske og praktiske utfordringer. Forhåpentligvis vil denne avhandlingen være til hjelp for dem som enten leder eller forsker på produksjonsforbedring, i dag og i fremtiden.
Tillie, Pascal. "Restructuration de l'agriculture et stratégies des ménages agricoles : le cas des producteurs de lait au Mexique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS017S.
Повний текст джерелаIn Mexico, agricultural markets have been deeply reformed since the 1980s. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impacts of the agricultural reforms on the livelihood strategies of Mexican dairy farmers. Agricultural policies and their impacts on the dairy chain have been analysed, and a survey of 236 dairy farmers was conduced in order to determine their resource portfolio and their livelihood strategy. Faced with the opening of the national market, dairy households have adopted different diversification strategies, according to their resource endowment and their income: better off households have adopted more qualified strategies, such as migration or non agricultural employment, which reduce their risk exposure and allow them to invest profit in their farm, while the poorest households have adopted less qualified strategies, such as precarious and informal employments in construction or agriculture, which increase their vulnerability and offer few upgrading opportunities
Valy, Amine. "Systèmes de production agricoles et politique économique et sociale à la Réunion : l'exploitation familiale en question." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOE002.
Повний текст джерелаThis piece of research set out to study how family farming concerns work. This work is based on the firm theory and its extensions and particularly on the adaptative behavior theory and chaynov's works. In concrete terms, the monographical analysis and clinical approach have been given preference. The results of the study of a sample of concerns have shown a large variety in production farming but above all a very low level of real income. The incomes of work are equally very low, but they cannot be studied regardless of aggregate family income. The idea of project enables us to account for family strategies. Actually, there are "periods" when farming is priority as far as choices and family strategies are concerned. These periods in family life cycles correspond to precise situation when a large number of conditions are gathered simultaneously to permite intensive farming. But nowdays new arbitrages linked with the social and economic organisation and new forms of solidarity make farms more fragile and instable. A decrease in farm work productivity has been observed in comparison with other household incomes and the social policy serves then as a regulator through social transferts. Finally, the last level of the analysis shosws that the policy conducted to promote sugar cane has determined the regional development of reunion island
Gafarasi, Ngabo Jean Baptiste. "Production agricole et malnutrition : le paradoxe de Musanze au Rwanda." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37546.
Повний текст джерелаRwanda, a small country in East Africa, is cited as a model of development in several areas in Africa only 25 years after the last genocide of the twenty-first century. The country is very dependent on agriculture, which contributed 35% of its GDP in 2015. After seeing an alarming food and nutrition situation in the early 2000s, the Rwandan government embarked on an ambitious program of agricultural intensification to solve this problem. Despite significant investments in agricultural development, food and nutrition issues remain serious. While the situation is improving, it is no less problematic. In 2015, the national rate of chronic malnutrition among children under five was 37%. The country's agricultural regions are among the most affected. In the district of Musanze, for example, in the northern region of the country known for the high fertility of its lands as well as for the richness and diversity of its crops, the rate of chronic malnutrition reaches 46% of children under five. This dissertation aims to study the factors which are at the origin of the important gap between the potentials as well as the important agricultural resources of this region and the high rates of chronic malnutrition in children under five. The results of this study indicate that the type of employment of mothers, the problem of access for mothers and children to health care due to distance between the house and the health care centre, the mother’s level of education as well as household hygiene and sanitation are the factors explaining the high level of chronic malnutrition of children under five in Musanze.
Devegowda, Deepak. "An assessment of subsea production systems." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1630.
Повний текст джерелаDoustmohammadi, Ali. "Modeling and analysis of production systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15776.
Повний текст джерелаUribe, Jaime Trevino. "Design procedures for "pull" production systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31063.
Повний текст джерелаMok, Pik-yin, and 莫碧賢. "Evolutionary optimisation of production-control systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29751020.
Повний текст джерелаAkillioglu, Hakan. "Evolvable Production Systems: Demand Responsive Planning." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Produktionssystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48562.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20140916
Daniel, John W. H. "Exploiting application parallelism in production systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279737.
Повний текст джерелаJerrell, Scottie Lee. "Strip-Tillage Production Systems for Tobacco." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33132.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Gåsvaer, Daniel. "Towards radical improvement in production systems." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18685.
Повний текст джерелаKaikakuprojektet
INNOFACTURE - innovative manufacturing development
Woerlee, Auke Peter. "Decision support systems of production scheduling /." Rotterdam : Erasmus universiteit, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37438055v.
Повний текст джерелаMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Beslissingsondersteunende systemen voor korte termijn produktieplanning. Résumé en néerlandais, 4 p. Ill. par l'auteur. Bibliogr. p. 151-165. Index.
Mok, Pik-yin. "Evolutionary optimisation of production-control systems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2358936x.
Повний текст джерелаBusiello, Daniel Maria. "Entropy production in non-equilibrium systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422682.
Повний текст джерелаIn questa tesi studiamo la produzione di entropia in sistemi fuori dall'equilibrio. Nella prima parte ci concentriamo su sistemi con un numero finito di stati, vicini all'equilibrio termodinamico, che possono essere descritti da una Master Equation. Per sistemi di questo tipo è possibile mappare la dinamica in una rete di stati, rappresentati da nodi, collegati da rate di transizione, identificati da links. In questo contesto, analizziamo la produzione di entropia di ensemble di reti generate casualmente con vincoli specifici, ad esempio la taglia del sistema, e identifichiamo i parametri più importanti che ne determinano il valore. Questa analisi fornisce una stima per la produzione di entropia basata che può essere utilizzata come punto di partenza per il confronto con particolari sistemi di interesse. Nella seconda parte della tesi esaminiamo come il coarse-graining influenzi la nostra capacità di stimare alcune proprietà fisiche di un sistema. Per sistemi fuori dall’equilibrio descritti da una Master Equation, la produzione di entropia può essere stimata utilizzando la formula di Schnakenberg. D'altra parte, alcuni anni fa Seifert ha derivato una formula analoga per sistemi descritti da una Fokker-Planck Equation. In questa tesi miriamo a creare un ponte fra queste due formulazioni e, partendo da un sistema con un numero finito di stati calcoliamo come la produzione di entropia di Schnakenberg sia influenzata dalla procedura di coarse-graining. Mostriamo che tale valore può essere ridotto alla formula di Seifert per alcune scelte particolari della dinamica, ma che, abbastanza sorprendentemente, in generale i flussi microscopici presenti nel sistema danno un contributo macroscopico non negativo alla produzione di entropia. Di conseguenza, trascurare alcune informazioni porta a sottostimare la produzione di entropia, e solo un limite inferiore può essere fornito quando la dinamica è coarse-grained. Infine, nell’ultima sezione della tesi, studiamo somiglianze e differenze tra stati stazionari di non equilibrio e driving periodico in sistemi diffusivi. Un sistema che viola il bilancio dettagliato evolve asintoticamente in uno stato stazionario, che non è uno stato di equilibrio poiché presenta correnti non nulle. Analogamente, quando il bilancio dettagliato è presente in ogni istante di tempo, ma il sistema subisce variazioni periodiche dei parametri esterni, quest’ultimo evolve verso uno stato periodico in cui sono presenti correnti non nulle. In entrambi i casi il costo per produrre tali correnti in tutto il sistema è rappresentato dalla produzione di entropia. In questa tesi miriamo a confrontare questi due scenari per un sistema diffusivo continuo monodimensionale con condizioni al contorno periodiche, descritto da un'equazione di Fokker-Planck, che è il modo più naturale per analizzare le macchine molecolari. Innanzitutto, mostriamo che la produzione di entropia non è equivalente in questi due scenari: il rate di produzione di entropia in un sistema con driving periodico è sempre maggiore del rate di produzione di entropia in un sistema stazionario senza bilancio dettagliato, quando entrambi producono la stessa corrente e hanno la stessa distribuzione di probabilità (mediata nel tempo). Successivamente, mostriamo come costruire sia uno stato stazionario di non equilibrio sia un protocollo di variazione periodica dei parametri esterni che producano una data probabilità (mediata nel tempo) e una data corrente.
Svinurai, Walter. "Manure production and nutrient management in pasture-based dairy production systems." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/475.
Повний текст джерелаZaffaroni, Marta. "Modélisation des interactions plant-puceron, en considérant explicitement le rôle des pratiques agricoles : Pêche (Prunus persica) - puceron vert (Myzus persicae) comme cas d'étude An ecophysiological model of plant–pest interactions: the role of nutrient and water availability Maximizing plant production and minimizing environmental impact: comparing agricultural management scenarios with multi criteria decision analysis The role of vectors interference in a shared host-multi vector system." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0723.
Повний текст джерелаAphids alter plant development and can transmit viruses, thus representing a major threat for crops. Aphid pressure on plant can be reduced and crop production can be enhanced by facilitating some ecological processes in addition, or in substitution, to the use of pesticides. Mathematical models can help in predicting the direction and strength of these ecological processes and they can reveal the impact of alternative ways of managing crops. The proposed thesis aims to develop process based mathematical models coupling plant physiology and aphid demography to drive ecological intensification and reduce the use of pesticides. The models consider i) interactions between plant and aphid, while most crop models only consider the effect of the pest on the plant and not vice versa hence impairing insights upon bottom-up pest control via cultural practices; and ii) the effect of cultural practices and the outcome in terms of harvest, issues that are usually absent in ecological models. Therefore, I firstly couple a mechanistic plant growth model with a pest population model, I calibrate it for a peach-green aphid system and I use it to get insights on the mechanisms behind the response of aphids to fertilization and irrigation. Furthermore, I develop an epidemiological model explicitly accounting for the interference between two aphid vectors. I apply the model to explore the effect of inter-specific aphid interference in shaping the spread of plant viruses, considering the effect of agricultural practices
Hong, I.-Hsuan Ethan. "Decentralized Decision-making for Reverse Production Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14099.
Повний текст джерелаRösiö, Carin. "Supporting the design of reconfigurable production systems." Doctoral thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Industriell produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20306.
Повний текст джерела