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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Systèmes de communication sans fil – Réseaux de capteurs (technologie)"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Systèmes de communication sans fil – Réseaux de capteurs (technologie)"
SAHUGUÈDE, Stéphanie, Alassane KABA, Anne JULIEN-VERGONJANNE, and Sébastien REYNAUD. "Suivi de paramètres physiologiques en activité sans ondes radio." Trayectorias Humanas Trascontinentales, no. 11 (November 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/trahs.3905.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Systèmes de communication sans fil – Réseaux de capteurs (technologie)"
Ramassamy, Cédric. "Analyse des protocoles des réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0586/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks is one of the hotest research topic in the last few years. This technology can be applied for different fields such as environment, industry, trading, medicine, military etc. Wireless sensor networks are hard to conceive because they require a lot of energy and because each of its component may have an influence on the lifetime of the whole system. What we suggest is a tool allowing to choose the correct and optimal parameters for the reliability of the applications.In this thesis, we focused on two major problems : firstly, a classification of the parameters for a tool allowing to make decisions about the configuration of a wireless sensors network, and secondly, a tool testing the compliance of the system with a real environment. The document is divided into two parts : the first part states the different protocols that exist, and the second part describes our contributions to those topics.In the first contribution, we analyzed how influential the radio cover and the network topology are on the network performances. Then, we deduced from the study of the loss rate and of the level of energy, the reliability of the application. Next, we suggested a study leading to a classification for our decision making tool. For this classification, we studied various parameters related to the MAC layer, the Physical layer, the network layer, the application layer the number of nodes involved in the network.In the second contribution, we adopted a pragmatic approach so we could test the conformity of a wireless sensors network in a real environment. In order to test its conformity in a real environment, we suggested a structured test execution on a real wireless sensor network. This task has been suggested in order to check the conformance level of the network while it was working
Champ, Julien. "Communication et Localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20133.
Повний текст джерелаRecent advancements in the fields of telecommunications and miniaturization make it possible to deploy for a reasonnable cost, autonomous communicating objects in order to collect environmental data, or to respond when a given event appears in the deployment area. Due to the emergence of these new kind of ad hoc networks, it is needed to design various new protocols, adapted to the constraints of considered objects and to the specific needs of targeted applications.During this thesis, the objective was to contribute to the field of wireless sensor networks by proposing solutions for some of the most important issues. In the first part of this document, dedicated to communication problems, we study and propose a new energy efficient geographical routing mechanism which overcomes the periodic exchange of HELLO messages, often required to determine sensors neighborhood. We also extend this method when considering the presence of location errors of sensors. Next, we have studied a strategy to enhance the lifetime of the network when periodic queries must be sent from the base station to the whole network, by adapting an efficient localized broadcast algorithm, in order to balance energy consumption between nodes. Additionally we have shown that it is not necessary to recompute the broadcast trees for each query to obtain a good lifetime.In the second part of this document, we considered the localization problem in wireless multihop networks. After a study of some of the most interesting solutions in the litterature, we propose a new family of localization methods which are well suited for wireless sensor networks, using 2-hop information and force-based algorithms. Through extensive simulations we show the scalabity of our method, and its ability to obtain accurate results, even when considering complex topologies or the presence of large measurement errors
Audeoud, Henry-Joseph. "Routage efficace et garanti dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM055.
Повний текст джерелаThe wireless sensor networks that we work with in this thesis are a set of devices connected to eachother by low-rate and low-power technologies. Their role is to produce measures on the physical environ-ment around them (meteorological and climate condition tracking, monitoring of industrial installations,control of distribution grids, topographical surveillance. . . ). These measures must then be collected out ofthe network. Since the sensors have short range radios, transmissions are multi-hop, the sensors close tothe destination relaying the information transmitted by those which are further away from it. Because ofthe movement of the nodes themselves or of objects in their environment interfering with wireless commu-nications, the exact topology of the network is subject to change. In addition, the battery-powered sensorsare limited in energy and therefore in transmission abilities. The power-saving techniques applied to turnoff the radio most of the time impose synchronization constraints.To route information through the network, the routing protocol establishes routes, so that the sensorscan relay information from and to the network border router through reliable links leading to the destina-tion through short paths. Due to sensor limitations, the routing must be energy efficient, i.e. the overloadof the radio transmissions involved by the routing algorithm itself must be as lightweight as possible. Itmust also be able to restore connectivity on a network topology change without creating routing loops thatnegatively impact the quality of service and the energy reserves of the nodes.This document describes a routing protocol that meets these objectives. It is capable of creating a self-healing collection tree that extracts information out of the network, as well as from the routes to distributecommand messages or acknowledgment to the nodes. It also validates the data path of each packet toensure that they never enter a routing loop. The protocol is run in simulations and also on real platformexperiments, showing the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.In order to improve its ability to choose the best available links, I also propose the use of a new esti-mation of their quality. It is based on two complementary measurements: a long-term measurement ofthe ambient noise level on the radio channel, and a measurement of the power of the signal received fromthe transmitter. These two measurements provide an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby theexpected reception rate. This estimate is both accurate, quick to obtain, and adapted to the constraints ofsensors and networks we are talking about
Bouabdallah, Fatma. "Optimisation de la consommation d'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs." Rennes 1, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/bouabdallah.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy-efficiency is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited capacity of the sensor nodes’ batteries. Consequently, techniques minimizing the energy consumption are required to improve the network lifetime. In this regard, our research directions revolve around two axes: correlation avoidance and load balancing. From a correlation avoidance perspective, we started by proposing a new spatial correlation framework which yields to the development of a Spatial Correlation Medium Access Control (SC-MAC) protocol. Still dealing with correlation avoidance solutions, we proposed next a cooperative routing strategy that profits from the aggregation mechanism in order to curtail the network load. From a load balancing perspective, we proposed balancing the energy consumption throughout the network by sending the traffic generated by each sensor node through multiple paths instead of forwarding always through the same path. We determined then the set of routes to be used by each sensor node and the associated weights that maximize the network lifetime
Maréchal, Nicolas. "Consensus de moyenne dans les réseaux de capteurs : applications et optimisation." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDepending on their applications, sensor networks may be composed of a varying number of nodes having severe constraints on their size, cost, energetic consumption, and as a consequence on a large set of related parameters. These characteristics involve the need of distributed methods for organization and data processing. In particular, the class of average consensus algorithms (ACA), initially designed for computing the empirical mean of a set of input parameters, is a building block which is about to play an important role for complex applicative algorithms/protocols. The goal of this thesis is to provide elements for improving this category of algorithms, and validating them on some applications. In a first time, it focuses on characterization and optimization methods applied to ACA from the state of the art. Then, two new algorithms are proposed in order to reduce the energetic cost. The first one takes place in an estimation framework and aims at taking quickly account of fresh information. The second algorithm focuses on reducing the communication cost by exploiting the diffusive nature of wireless communications and requiring no transmission control mechanism (such as acknowledgements or synchronization). To finish with, applications to fine synchronization of clocks (physical layer) and to parametric cartography (application layer) are given
Randriatsiferana, Rivo Sitraka A. "Optimisation énergétique des protocoles de communication des réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, a solution is to improve the energy efficiency of the communication's protocol. The grouping of nodes in the wireless sensor network clustering is one of the best methods. This thesis proposes several improvements by changing the settings of the reference protocol LEACH. To improve the energy distribution of "cluster-heads", we propose two centralized clustering protocols LEACH and k-optimized version k-LEACH-VAR. A distributed algorithm, called e-LEACH, is proposed to reduce the periodic exchange of information between the nodes and the base station during the election of "cluster-heads". Moreover, the concept of energy balance is introduced in metric election to avoid overloading nodes. Then we presented a decentralized version of k-LEACH, which in addition to the previous objectives, integrates the overall energy consumption of the network. This protocol, called k-LEACH-C2D, also aims to promote the scalability of the network. To reinforce the autonomy and networks, both routing protocols "multi-hop" probability, denoted CB-RSM and FRSM build elementary paths between the "cluster-heads" and elected the base station. The protocol, CB-RSM, forms a hierarchy of "cluster-heads" during the training phase clusters, with an emphasis on self-scheduling and self-organization between "cluster-heads" to make the networks more scalable. These protocols are based on the basic idea that the nodes have the highest residual energy and lower variance of energy consumption become "cluster-head". We see the central role of consumption of the node in our proposals. This point will be the last part of this thesis. We propose a methodology to characterize experimentally the consumption of a node. The objectives are to better understand the consumption for different sequences of the node status. In the end, we propose a global model of the consumption of the node
Jacquot, Aurélien. "Supervision de réseaux d'objets intelligents communicants sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719350.
Повний текст джерелаVergne, Anaïs. "Topologie algébrique appliquée aux réseaux de capteurs." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0070/document.
Повний текст джерелаSimplicial complex representation gives a mathematical description of the topology of a wireless sensor network, i.e., its connectivity and coverage. In these networks, sensors are randomly deployed in bulk in order to ensure perfect connectivity and coverage. We propose an algorithm to discover which sensors are to be switched off, without modification of the topology, in order to reduce energy consumption. Our reduction algorithm can be applied to any type of simplicial complex and reaches an optimum solution. For random geometric simplicial complexes, we find boundaries for the number of removed vertices, as well as mathematical properties for the resulting simplicial complex. The complexity of our reduction algorithm boils down to the computation of the asymptotical behavior of the clique number of a random geometric graph. We provide almost sure asymptotical behavior for the clique number in all three percolation regimes of the geometric graph. In the second part, we apply the simplicial complex representation to cellular networks and improve our reduction algorithm to fit new purposes. First, we provide a frequency auto-planning algorithm for self-configuration of SON in future cellular networks. Then, we propose an energy conservation fot the self-optimization of wireless networks. Finally, we present a disaster recovery algorithm for any type of damaged wireless network. In this last chapter, we also introduce the simulation of determinantal point processes in wireless networks.Simplicial complex representation gives a mathematical description of the topology of a wireless sensor network, i.e., its connectivity and coverage. In these networks, sensors are randomly deployed in bulk in order to ensure perfect connectivity and coverage. We propose an algorithm to discover which sensors are to be switched off, without modification of the topology, in order to reduce energy consumption. Our reduction algorithm can be applied to any type of simplicial complex and reaches an optimum solution. For random geometric simplicial complexes, we find boundaries for the number of removed vertices, as well as mathematical properties for the resulting simplicial complex. The complexity of our reduction algorithm boils down to the computation of the asymptotical behavior of the clique number of a random geometric graph. We provide almost sure asymptotical behavior for the clique number in all three percolation regimes of the geometric graph. In the second part, we apply the simplicial complex representation to cellular networks and improve our reduction algorithm to fit new purposes. First, we provide a frequency auto-planning algorithm for self-configuration of SON in future cellular networks. Then, we propose an energy conservation fot the self-optimization of wireless networks. Finally, we present a disaster recovery algorithm for any type of damaged wireless network. In this last chapter, we also introduce the simulation of determinantal point processes in wireless networks
Khan, Safdar Abbas. "Localisation et détection de fautes dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1028/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis three themes related to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are covered. The first one concerns the power loss in a node signal due to voltage droop in the battery of the node. In the first part of the thesis a method is proposed to compensate for the apparent increase in the calculated distance between the related nodes due to decrease in the energy of the signal sending node battery. A function is proposed whose arguments are the apparently observed RSS and the current voltage of the emitter node battery. The return of the function is the corrected RSS that corresponds to the actual distance amongst the connected nodes. Hence increasing the efficiency of the RSS based localization methods in WSNs. In the second part of the thesis a position estimation method for localization of nodes in a WSN is proposed. In the proposed localization algorithm anchor nodes are used as landmark points. The localization method proposed here does not require any constraint on the placement of the anchors; rather any three randomly chosen nodes can serve as anchors. A heuristic approach is used to find the relative topology with the help of distance matrix. The purpose of the distance matrix is to indicate whether or not a pair of nodes has a connection between them and in case of connectivity it gives the estimated distance between the nodes. By using the information of connectivity between the nodes and their respective distances the topology of the nodes is calculated. This method is heuristic because it uses the point solution from the intersection of two circles instead of conventional triangulation method, where a system of three quadratic equations in two variables is used whereby the computational complexity of the position estimation method is increased. When two connected nodes have another node in common, then by using the information of distances between these interconnected nodes, two possible positions are calculated for the third node. The presence or absence of a connection between the third node and a fourth node helps in finding the accurate possibility out of the two. This process is iterated till all the nodes have been relatively placed. Once the relative topology has been calculated, we need to find the exact symmetry, orientation, and position of this topology in the plane. It is at this moment the knowledge of three nodes positions comes into action. From the relative topology we know the temporary coordinates of the nodes. By having a comparison of certain characteristics between the temporary coordinates and the exact coordinates; first the symmetry of relative topology is obtained that would correspond to the original topology. In other words it tells whether or not the relative topology is a mirror image of the original topology. Some geometrical operators are used to correct the topology position and orientation. Thus, all the nodes in the WSN are localized using exactly three anchors. The last part of the thesis focuses on the detection of faults in a WSN. There is always a possibility that a sensor of a node is not giving accurate measurements all of the time. Therefore, it is necessary to find if a node has developed a faulty sensor. With the precise information about the sensor health, one can determine the extent of reliance on its sensor measurement. To equip a node with multiple sensors is not an economical solution. Thus the sensor measurements of a node are modeled with the help of the fuzzy inference system (FIS). For each node, both recurrent and non-recurrent systems are used to model its sensor measurement. An FIS for a particular node is trained with input variables as the actual sensor measurements of the neighbor nodes and with output variable as the real sensor measurements of that node. The difference between the FIS approximated value and the actual measurement of the sensor is used as an indication for whether or not to declare a node as faulty
Koné, Cheick Tidjane. "Conception de l'architecture d'un réseau de capteurs sans fil de grande dimension." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10056/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis considers the large-scale wireless sensor network (LSWSN) consisting of million nodes. The questions are: how to predict the good working and to compute before deployment the performances of such a network, knowing that no simulator can simulate a network of more than 100000 nodes? How to ensure its configuration to ensure performance, scalability, robustness and longevity? The solution proposed in this thesis is based on a two-tiered heterogeneous architecture of WSN in which the level 1 is composed of sensors and the level 2 of collectors. The first contribution is a multi-channel self-organization algorithm, which allows partitioning the network of level 1 into several disjointed sub-networks with one collector and one frequency channel while respecting the principle of frequency reuse. The second contribution is to optimize the deployment of collectors because their number represents that of sub-networks. The problems addressed were: the optimization of sinks locations for a predetermined number of sinks, and the minimization of financial cost related of the sinks? number, for a predetermined number of hops in the sub-networks. An intuitive and appropriate solution to ensure both network performance and cost is to partition the network of level 1 into balanced sub-networks in number of hops. To do this, the physical topology of sinks is a regular geographical grid (square, triangular, etc.). Theoretical studies and simulation of topology models show, depending on application requirements (node density, charge application, etc.) and physical (radio range, surveillance zone), the methodology of choice and the computation of the best deployment solutions