Дисертації з теми "Systèmes d'aide à la décision – Tests – Analyse"
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Bellón, de la Cruz Beatriz. "Une approche multiscalaire par télédétection pour la cartographie et la caractérisation des systèmes agricoles à l’échelle régionale." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0002.
Повний текст джерела: In a context of regional land-use planning, agricultural systems’ mapping - crop types and cropping practices – allows monitoring of what is being produced, where and how, and therefore represents a key element for regional assessment of the agricultural production and its environmental impact. The production of information on agricultural systems generally requires a lot of data and expertise. This information is thus very heterogeneous in quantity and quality in space and time, the availability and updates being extremely variable between countries and regions. Remote sensing, through its ability to retrieve synoptic spatial information on the state and dynamics of vegetation from satellite images, represents a valuable tool for agricultural monitoring. However, the conversion of images into regional-scale map products remains a field of research for many applications. This thesis presents original methodological developments in a semi-automatic multiscale approach based on the processing and analysis of optical satellite imagery for the mapping and characterization of agricultural systems at regional scale. The approach is composed of two main methods: (i) regional stratification into landscape units and classification of these units to produce a map of agricultural land-use systems; (ii) field-level segmentation and unsupervised classification of the segments by a “landscape-clustering” method to produce a cropping systems’ map. The methods were developed on a region of intensive agriculture, the Brazilian state of Tocantins, where the cultivated area, as well as the main agricultural land-use systems and cropping systems were successfully mapped from an annual NDVI-MODIS time series and a mosaic of Landsat images. The reproducibility of the approach was then assessed in Burkina Faso, where landscapes are shaped by the smallholder agriculture. Only the cultivated area could be mapped with satisfactory results, highlighting the limitations of these methods and the current offer in satellite imagery given the challenging specificities of this type of agriculture for remote sensing. The resulting maps were assessed with ground-truth data and agricultural statistics, and compared to other existing maps. The results of this thesis show the potential of the new method of regional stratification into landscape units which, based on NDVI time series and combined to the unsupervised “landscape-clustering” classification method, contributes to significantly improve discrimination of crop types and agricultural practices, and allows representing the agricultural systems at different levels of spatial organization. The originality of the developed methods lies mainly in the simplicity of their implementation. They are almost exclusively based on satellite data and require little “expert” intervention and external data, which gives them a high reproducibility potential. Thereupon, this thesis contributes, with these novel methods, to the development of generic tools to support large-scale monitoring of agriculture and to provide decision-support products for reasoned land-use planning
Abdali, Abdelkebir. "Systèmes experts et analyse de données industrielles." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0032.
Повний текст джерелаTo analyses industrial process behavio, many kinds of information are needed. As tye ar mostly numerical, statistical and data analysis methods are well-suited to this activity. Their results must be interpreted with other knowledge about analysis prcess. Our work falls within the framework of the application of the techniques of the Artificial Intelligence to the Statistics. Its aim is to study the feasibility and the development of statistical expert systems in an industrial process field. The prototype ALADIN is a knowledge-base system designed to be an intelligent assistant to help a non-specialist user analyze data collected on industrial processes, written in Turbo-Prolong, it is coupled with the statistical package MODULAD. The architecture of this system is flexible and combing knowledge with general plants, the studied process and statistical methods. Its validation is performed on continuous manufacturing processes (cement and cast iron processes). At present time, we have limited to principal Components analysis problems
David, Albert. "Négociation et coopération pour le développement des produits nouveaux au sein d'une grande entreprise industrielle : Analyse critique et rôle des outils d'aide à la décision." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090040.
Повний текст джерелаBérard, Céline. "Le processus de décision dans les systèmes complexes : une analyse d’une intervention systémique." Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090079.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of decision processes in a complex system, by analysing how systemic interventions produce changes in the decision-making process followed by individuals. More precisely, this research analyses the potential effects of the use of a systemic model by decision-makers, on both the constitutive activities and the dimensions of decision processes, while taking into consideration their potential determinants. The research involves an experiment based on one simulated case about the intellectual property system of biotechnological innovations: experimental sessions consist in individual interviews with policy-makers, and the systemic intervention concerns the use of a simulation model based on the system dynamics approach. The results suggest: 1) a multiple, cumulative, conjunctive, and iterative progression; 2) an incremental, based on multiple perspectives, and creative decision-making procedure; 3) the multiplicity of involved actors, with diversified interests and roles; 4) rationalities which are political, limited, contextual, and even socio-cognitive. Moreover, the results show that decision-makers, who benefit from a systemic intervention, tend to consider more analytical elements and scientific disciplines during their decision analysis, and to involve additional internal and external actors
Skrzyniarz, Alexandre. "Analyse de problèmes de décision distribuée et conception d'heuristiques de résolution." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0180.
Повний текст джерелаThis PdH dissertation is about distributed decision making helping frameworks. We address problems in which decision has to made with defavorable contexts such as uncertaincy and perception errors. Decision makers have a partial view of the environment and must meet an agrement about the identity of an object with timme constraints. Our contribution is based on distributed artificial intelligence and multi-agents systems. We rely on a three layer model (individual, social and normative) to describe a framework in which a conflict-free consensus emerges. The individual leval is based on probabilistic decision trees and perception integration. The social level models inter-agent conflict dependancies (based on three structures comparison), and the normative level allows fine tunning of the system and user request representation. Consensus is achieved by sorting assumptions with the help of aggregation of agents quality measurements
Spiliopoulos, Panayotis. "Analyse et simulation du marché pour le lancement d'un nouveau produit : réalisation d'un SIAD." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090044.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the managers' concerns is the adaption of innovation strategies and the development of new products and or activities. The objectives of this work are to illustrate the advantages of multicriteria modelling and to propose a new product decisions methodology which could be supported by a dss. Our methodology is based on the multicriteria modelling of consumers preferences. A utility functions'estimation model and an individual choice model are proposed and developed. Aggregating the results obtained by the choice model allows us to simulate the product's market. Writing a software for automating this methodology eventually lead us to build a trully interactive package
Bruel, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à la conception d'un système multi-modèles d'aide à la décision en analyse financière." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10050.
Повний текст джерелаThe necessity of delimiting a financial or and economic situation in a simple clear rapid way without being an expert has led us to define the multimodal financial analyser. In order to facilitate the working out of the diagnosis, this new tool, which is fully integrated with all the office automation software and the great databases, makes it possible to achieve a complete continuous chain. Starting from any common raw data concerning a firm, an economic sector or a group, the chain rapidly and effortlessly results in a synthesis related either to algorithmic methods or heuristic ones
Pihier, Stéphane. "Coût d'intermédiation et stratégie des caisses d'épargne et de prévoyance." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100154.
Повний текст джерелаSimmulation and decision assistance model design from commercial and financial data of a French private savings banks. The purpose of this model is to study: savings banks cost formation and productivity analysis its use within a strategy based on smart cards as an alternate system of agencies operation management
Loisel, Julie. "Détection des ruptures de la chaîne du froid par une approche d'apprentissage automatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASB014.
Повний текст джерелаThe cold chain is essential to ensure food safety and avoid food waste. Wireless sensors are increasingly used to monitor the air temperature through the cold chain, however, the exploitation of these measurements is still limited. This thesis explores how machine learning can be used to predict the temperature of different food products types from the measured air temperature in a pallet and detect cold chain breaks. We introduced, firstly, a definition of a cold chain break based on two main product categories: products obligatorily preserved at a regulated temperature such as meat and fish, and products for which a temperature is recommended such as fruits and vegetables. The cold chain break leads to food poisoning for the first product category and organoleptic quality degradation for the second one.For temperature-regulated products, it is crucial to predict the product temperature to ensure that it does not exceed the regulatory temperature. Although several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of neural networks for the prediction, none has compared the synthetic and experimental data to train them. In this thesis, we proposed to compare these two types of data in order to provide guidelines for the development of neural networks. In practice, the products and packaging are diverse; experiments for each application are impossible due to the complexity of implementation. By comparing synthetic and experimental data, we were able to determine best practices for developing neural networks to predict product temperature and maintain cold chain. For temperature-regulated products, once the cold chain break is detected, they are no more consumable and must be eliminated. For temperature-recommended products, we compared three different approaches to detect cold chain breaks and implement corrective actions: a) method based on a temperature threshold, b) method based on a classifier which determines whether the products will be delivered with the expected qualities, and c) method also based on a classifier but which integrates the cost of the corrective measure in the decision-making process. The performances of the three methods are discussed and prospects for improvement are proposed
Aït, Younes Amine. "Problèmes liés à la construction d'un pseudo-critère : développements théoriques et implémentation informatique." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090052.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Arnaud. "Évolution de profils multi-attributs, par apprentissage automatique et adaptatif dans un système de recommandation pour l'aide à la décision." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1753/.
Повний текст джерелаConsidering user profiles and their evolutions, for decision support is currently in the community of DSS (Decision Support Systems) an important issue. Indeed, the inclusion of context in the decision is currently emerging for DSS. Indeed the system offers advice to users based on their profile, which represents their preferences through a list of valued criteria. The main constraints come from the fact that the system need to continuously bring relevant information. It therefore requires changing user profiles thanks to their actions. So, the system must not only "understand" what the user likes, but also why. The users' assistance will evolve over time and therefore with the user. Thus the user has at his disposal a kind of personal assistant. The objective of this work is to provide assistance to the user's activity according to his profile. The objective is to develop an algorithm based on automatic techniques, in order to change the profile of a user based on his actions. The assistance provided to the user by the system will evolves according to the evolution of its profile. The problem addressed to the user is a problem of decision making. For this problem, assistance is provided to the user, and it is a refinement of potential solutions. This refining is done through the establishment of scalable scheduling solutions that are presented to the user depending on his / her profile. The realization of such a system requires the articulation of the three main areas of research which are the Multi-Criteria Decision Support, the Disaggregation and Aggregation of preferences, and Machine Learning. The fields of Decision Support and Multi Disaggregation and Aggregation preference can also be assembled as Multi-Criteria Aggregation Process (PAMC). Some methods of Multicriteria Decision Support are set up here and use profile data to provide the best possible support to the user. The decomposition is used to characterize an object to provide data to the learning algorithm required for its operation. Aggregation serves to score an object according to the user profile in order to rank the selected items. Machine Learning is used to change user profiles in order to always have a profile representing as closely as possible the preferences of users. Indeed user preferences change over the time, it is necessary to address these changes in order to adapt the answers to the user. The contributions of this thesis are firstly, the definition, construction and evolution of a user profile (evolutionary profiling) based on explicit and implicit user's actions. This evolutionary profiling is implemented within a recommender system usable without learning base, synchronously and completely incremental, and that allows users to quickly change their preferences and even to be inconsistent (bounded rationality). This system, which complements an Information System Research, aims to establish a total order on a list of items proposed to the user (ranking) and in accordance with his preferences. These also include the definition of techniques used to make parts of solutions to technological challenges as the disintegration of criteria and the inclusion of a variable number of criteria in the process of interactive decision support, and this without firstly defining coherent family of criteria on which the decision is based. Several application frameworks have been developed to evaluate the system and compare it to other systems, but also to test its performance with real user data in an offline mode, and in an online mode using directly the system
Lecomte, Catherine. "Un système à base de règles d'aide à l'ordonnancement d'un atelier travaillant à la commande." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0319.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Gouevec Jérôme. "Méthodologie d'aide à la décision : application à la mise en conformité des systèmes d'assainissement des collectivités de faible taille." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-283.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTabti, Saïd. "Modélisation macroscopique de l'écoulement du trafic aérien : une approche par analyse de données multidimensionnelles." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10055.
Повний текст джерелаKedowide, Mevo Guezo Conchita Ghislaine. "SIG et analyse multicritère pour l’aide à la décision en agriculture urbaine dans les pays en développement, cas de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/163805911#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерела"Before 2030, the world population will increase by 3 billion individuals, among whom 95 % in developing countries, production of food will double, and that of waste and effluents will increase fourfold in cities. Three billion persons will lack infrastructure for sewage disposal. These patterns and their potential impact as well as the challenge its management, will beparticularly pronounced in regions in fast urbanizing regions amongst which sub‐Saharan Africa" (Mougeot et Moustier, 2004). This statement is vocal on the issue of integrating food security in urban environmental management in the cities of developing countries. One urban activity contributing to fighting poverty and promoting a clean environment is urban agriculture, in as much as it consists of “an industry that produces, processes, and markets food and fuel, largely in response to the daily demand of consumers within a town” (UNDP, 1998). It is a source of income for the underprivileged for whom jobs are created, and it participates in the purification of cities by using recycled waste as fertilizers and treated waste water. Nevertheless, in spite of its vital functions in developing countries, the urban agriculture suffers from a lack of recognition and carries little economic weight. This is justified by its call on scarce resources and the health and environmental risks associated with its practice. . . This situation is evidenced in the specific case of Burkina Faso, which is the subject of our study. So, the characterization made from the field data indicates that agriculture is marginalized in this administrative entity and it disturbs because it tries to settle where the city develops. It claims lands subject to high financial speculations by the authorities and water, a scarce resource in the Burkina‘s sahelian context. This explains its precarious and informal character and a long time, the lack of consideration in the projects of urban planning. The present study elucidates its profile and spatial distribution. It was interested at first in its spatiotemporal dynamics since 1996, which corresponds to the period when Agrarian and land reform (RAF, on 1999) was adopted in Burkina; secondly, it canvasses agricultural potential zones, where efforts of accompaniment should focus in order to help in the decision‐making by the territorial administrators of the Municipality of Ouagadougou. .
Dagdougui, Hanane. "Système d'aide à la décision pour la durabilité des systèmes énergétiques renouvelables et des infrastructures d'hydrogène : modélisation, contrôle et analyse de risques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679421.
Повний текст джерелаKojadinovic, Ivan. "Modélisation de phénomènes d'interaction à l'aide de mesures non additives et applications en analyse de données." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_03_Kojadinovic.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPaillès, Nathalie. "Approche globale d'aide à la décision d'investissement dans une stratégie de flexibilité pour les projets industriels : application à l'automobile, O.D.I.S.A.I." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0619.
Повний текст джерелаArnodo, Joëlle. "L'intégration des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les formations d'adultes en situation d'illettrisme : analyse des usages pour un service d'information stratégique des formations de base (SISFOBASE)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30058.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into basic training stresses main challenges : to sensitive unskilled adults to new tools of thought and communication which have become unavoidable ; to prepare them to meet social and economic demands and to adapt to technological evolutions; to facilitate the access to basic training and proper grasp of fundamental learning based on oral and written communication, logical- mathematical organisation. The ICT as a communication means and/or learning tool medium adds new life to activity frameworks and teaching methods. Both fields of information and training can now work together because of : the use of on-line informational and pedagogical resources; new skills for managing incoming information in order to develop a more critical mindset to define how to use the resources. Strategic information survey is appropriate for identifying and ensuring the critical themes that determine the schemes' success. .
Bosch-Mauchand, Magali. "Modélisation pour la simulation de chaînes de production de valeur en entreprise industrielle comme outil d'aide à la décision en phase de conception / industrialisation." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2123.
Повний текст джерелаFavier, Bertrand. "Analyse médicoéconomique rétrospective et prospective de la diffusion de médicaments onéreux : le cas des taxanes et le traitement du cancer du sein en France." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10301.
Повний текст джерелаBouaka, Najoua. "Développement d'un modèle pour l'explicitation d'un problème décisionnel : un outil d'aide à la décision dans un contexte d'intelligence économique." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010621.
Повний текст джерелаdécideur fait appel à plusieurs types d'information pour l'aider dans son processus de prise de décision. Cependant, quand le problème décisionnel est complexe et mal défini, le décideur éprouve de plus en plus de difficulté à exprimer son besoin informationnel. De ce fait nous avons ressenti le besoin d'aider le décideur à se poser les bonnes questions, à propos de son problème décisionnel, et de l'aider à parvenir à une meilleure interprétation des signaux en provenance de son environnement.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons proposé un modèle pour
l'explicitation de problèmes décisionnels complexes et mal définis. Ce modèle se place en amont du processus de recherche d'information. Il intègre des paramètres sur les caractéristiques individuelles du décideur, des paramètres sur l'organisation qui sont, l'enjeu lié au problème décisionnel et enfin des paramètres sur l'environnement qui regroupent des informations sur l'environnement immédiat et global de l'entreprise.
Le modèle a été transformé en un formulaire et qui a été testé dans un contexte réel. Les résultats de cette expérimentation ont montré que notre modèle permet de mettre l'accent sur une question fondamentale, à savoir quel est l'enjeu derrière le problème décisionnel ? Le prototype IMEPD que nous avons développé met en oeuvre ce formulaire. Il permet de plus la gestion et l'exploitation de l'historique des problèmes décisionnels.
Ausloos, Alexandre. "Surveillance et diagnostic pour la conduite de la maintenance prévisionnelle." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0022.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the detection and localisation of degradation allowing predictive or corrective maintenance actions. The work was done within an application to a civil turbofan start, which is very important for airline companies. A detailed failure mode analysis of the starting phase, based on expert opinion and experience feedback, enabled the definition of indicators that characterize the components health involved in the engine start. In addition, the indicator values depend on the start operating conditions which could mask the degradation effects. The proposed approach consists to calculate for each indicator the difference between its measured value and its estimated value using the measured operating conditions and assuming a healthy situation. The estimation is done using models based on regression and the parameters are determined using a data base. The learning data base has been built using available engine start bench tests. Then indicators model parameters in the case of a healthy behavior were learned considering polynomial regression and support vector regression. However the estimation validity is guaranteed only when the operating conditions are within the domain covered by the learning data base. Thus the proposed system architecture includes a preliminary control on the operating conditions using one-class SVM. The thesis concludes with a study of the com-promise between the control severity and the estimation error
Duflot, Nicolas. "Les mesures d'importance fiabilistes issues des études probabilistes de sûreté nucléaire : contrôle des incertitudes et nouvelles applications pour l'aide à la décision." Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0010.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis deals with the importance measures based on nuclear probabilistic safety analyses (PSA). With these indicators, the importance towards risk of the events considered in the PSA models can be measured. The first part of this thesis sets out the framework in which they are currently used. The information extracted from importance measures evaluation is used in industrial decision-making processes that may impact the safety of nuclear plants. In the second part of the thesis, we thus try to meet the requirements of reliability and simplicity with an approach minimising the uncertainties due to modelling. We also lay out a new truncation process of the set of the minimal cut set (MCS) corresponding to the baseline case which allows a quick, automatic and precise calculation of the importance measures. As PSA are increasingly used in risk-informed decision-making approaches, we have examined the extension of importance measures to groups of basic events. The third part of the thesis therefore presents the definition of the importance of events such as the failure of a system or the loss of a function, as well as their potential applications. PSA being considered to be a useful tool to design new nuclear power plants, the fourth part of the thesis sketches out a design process based both on classical importance measures and on new ones
Hélard, Davy. "Un métamodèle de calcul en temps continu pour les systèmes d'aide à la décision appliqués à la planification financière." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS379/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the scope of Business Intelligence, planning aims to support multiple actors in their process of converging different views and problematics from different domains to get a shared business planning model. A major difficulty in business planning is that each actor states her/his views and problematics with a different time scale. Integrating them into a unique model that represents a common state of reality becomes very costly and awkward to manage when basing the construction of these models on discrete modeling techniques used by current tools of business planning. This doctorate thesis proposes a novel solution, beyond the state-of-the-art, for addressing these issues: it conceives a novel metamodel based on a continuous time calculus. Through the developed approach, it allows multiple actors to integrate the different business logics of their planning domain in a shared model as well as to observe it from different time scales. The advantages of our solution based on continuous time against solutions based on discrete time are presented through a case study. The conceived metamodel was implemented within a real industrial set in MGDIS (a company specialized in business planning for local governments) following an innovative service oriented architecture: this architecture segregates the modeling from the evaluation to allow the parallelization of model evaluation for big volumes of data. The overall solution conceived and implemented in this thesis was designed to be a real scale prototype to be applied to real scale problems. Besides the case study, it was validated by MGDIS experts on business planning against real requirements
Bouadi, Tassadit. "Analyse multidimensionnelle interactive de résultats de simulation : aide à la décision dans le domaine de l'agroécologie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933375.
Повний текст джерелаCornu, Cédric. "Extraction de signaux et caractérisation de lois de phase instantanée." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2032.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with two major aspects of signal processing area related to data aided systems. Particularly, the problem of detection and extraction of signal in a passive context and the one of phase law characterization are considered. The set of signals considered is the frequency modulated signal class. First, a method based on uniform fliterbank decomposition and viterbi like algorithm is proposed for detection. Viterbi algorithm is used to associate coherent structures in the time-frequency plane. Thus, we define a statistic to help decision. The problem of signal extraction is considered in the context of frame theory. The phase characterization step is based on the definition of a phase model allowing distinction between regular and singular parts of the phase. Therefore, the coefficients estimation of this model is similar to piecewise polynomial phase modelisation. We develop adapted reprsentation and estimation tools in order to estimate the phase derivatives for singularities detection. In the last part of the thesis, a processing structure is proposed to apply developed methods in the context of electronic warfar
Perrin, David. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision pour le traitement des anévrismes par endochirurgie." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0807/document.
Повний текст джерелаAbdominal aortic aneurysm is a pathology which needs to be treated by surgery when its diameter reaches 5.5cm, due to high risk of rupture that is often lethal. Endovascular repair consists in deploying a stent-graft inside the aneurysmal sac to exclude it from the blood flow. However, the drawback of this surgery is the relatively important post-operative complication rate at long-term, requiring costly secondary interventions. The origin of these complications is mainly related to mechanics and therefore, they could be prevented thanks to numerical simulation.The objective of this thesis is to elaborate a simulation methodology to deploy in silico stent-grafts in patient-specific aneurysms. The ultimate goal is to provide practioners with a computer aided decision tool to improve their pre-operative planning.A methodology was developed to simulate the deployment of bifurcated stent-grafts, composed of several modules, in patient-specific aortic aneurysms, whatever their geometry. Finite-element analyses were performed on several clinical cases from real patients, some of them which were highly tortuous and complex for practioners to achieve an accurate preoperative planning. The methodology was validated by comparing numerical results with the position of the stents in the post-operative scans.The ability of finite-element analyses to simulate stent-graft deployment in patient-specific aortic aneurysm geometries was proved in this thesis. Simulations have great potential for adapting stent-grafts to each patient and for anticipating possible post-operative complications at the stage of pre-operative planning
Lejars, Caroline. "Organisation des approvisionnements et systèmes de paiement dans les filières agro-alimentaires : analyse appliquée aux filières canne à sucre." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004825.
Повний текст джерелаBouzinekis, Athanassios K. "Outils d'aide à la décision en vue de l'amélioration de l'efficacité du système de production : Cas des scieries." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10147.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Grusse Philippe. "Typologie dynamique et diagnostic de gestion : application aux entreprises viticoles." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10032.
Повний текст джерелаAgbemebia, Kokouvi. "Gestion de portefeuille des titres non cotés par analyse multicritère et constructive." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40030.
Повний текст джерелаLascoup, Bertrand. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures composites sandwichs multi-D." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1585.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to apprehend the damaging modes of an original sandwich structure strengthened by stitches and to propose a predictive tool for the choice of the geometrical and material parameters. This objective requires both an experimental and a theoretical approach. The experimental part enables to determine the behavior of this type of structure under static and dynamic stresses. A R TM device was created in order to control the implementation parameters and to highlight the influence of the microstructure of the reinforcements. The analysis of the damage mechanisms highlights the influence of the geometrical parameters of stitches on the behavior of the structure. The problems resulting from the inter-laminar efforts are attenuated: the brittleness of the core/skin interface and delamination into the skins is reduced. The modelling part allows to represent the material behavior by using simple and adapted theories and seeks to predict the rigidity and the maximum stress in the three directions. A data-processing tool named SANDTEX brings a predictive tool to the industrial world
Gouriveau, Rafael. "Analyse des risques : formalisation des connaissances et structuration des données pour l'intégration des outils d'étude et de décision." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT035H.
Повний текст джерелаRobert, Frédéric. "Coopération multi-robots par insertion incrémentale de plans." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT051H.
Повний текст джерелаSchacher, Laurence. "Contribution à la modélisation du raisonnement de l'expert ennoblisseur de coton à la continue." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0196.
Повний текст джерелаCointe, Christophe. "Aide à la gestion de conflits en conception concourante dans un système distribué." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20082.
Повний текст джерелаWithin Artificial Intelligence research works, task distribution must concur to the effectiveness of task realization. Among all the factors which can impede the benefits expected by distribution, the cost of conflict management cost plays an utmost role. In order to facilitate the use of methods for conflict detection and management, we consider it favorable to set our work in the context of open distributed system. In our approach, the designer is allowed to use all the available methods for conflict management, and is guided in his/her choices, on the one hand, by a multi-perspective view on the data and, on the other hand, by the realization context of his/her task. Furthermore, we use the viewpoint notion to allow for an intelligent indexing of data. Thus, a designer describes, bye means of a viewpoint, the way in which the other designers must interpret the data that he/she proposes. Following our theoretical study, we propose a multi-agents system, CREoPS², based on technics and tools which are Internet-compatible
Grégoire, Laurie-Anne. "Analyse de profils de chaussées : effet du gel saisonnier et de la dégradation du pergélisol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27218.
Повний текст джерелаMethods adapted to road condition are needed to maintain and rehabilitate roads built on permafrost or in context of seasonal frost. Several issues can lead to increase repair and maintenance costs, decrease the pavement’s lifetime and increase problems related to the safety of road users. The project objective is to develop a profile analysis tool, which would help to locate thaw and frost sensitive zones, diagnose the causes of degradation and select proper mitigation strategies. The research project is divided into two parts. The first section is related to frost heaves on pavements in context of seasonal frost. Currently, there are diagnosis methods for detecting areas where frost susceptibility is present. These methods do not allow to determine whether the freezing problem is under or at the surface of the road; in other words if the problem is related to differential heave or uplift cracks. Moreover, the methods used are not adapted to municipal roads. According to the known problems of some sites, it was possible to develop a chart used to differentiate if the frost problem is in surface layers or deep in the road subgrade. Then, a 3D analysis was done to complement the chart. Using this technology, a new method will be developed to detect freezing problems through the transverse profiles. The second part focuses on the pavements built on permafrost. Current methods for detecting the degradation of permafrost under roads are unclear and need to be refined. Three test sites were studied on the Alaska Highway in Yukon. Depending on various analysis, such as analysis of longitudinal profiles, the spectral density and wavelength, trends analysis were found to characterize the instability of permafrost.
Bernardo, Telma. "Viabilité, analyse de sensibilité et mesures d'impact pour des systèmes dynamiques contraints : application à un modèle de changement climatique." Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090053.
Повний текст джерелаThe Tolerable Windows Approach (TWA) is an analytical framework developed for studying climate change models and to facilitate the choice of climate guardrails (constraints). We intend to give our contribution to this approach by developing new measurement tools in the Viability Theory framework. For a given climate guardrail set K, we determine the set of all initial climate situations x viable in K. Viable climate situations x in K are those for which there exists at least one carbon emission policy preventing the future climate evolution starting from x, from transgressing K. The set of such viable climate situations x is called the Viability Kernel of K. The viability kernel concept is the cornerstone of the methodology presented in this study. We highlight the fact that this thesis is not devoted to climate forecasting. It only aims at designing, with the help of resources from Viability Theory and from Numerical Set-Valued Analysis, appropriate mathematical tools to help decision making. This is achieved by applying them to the climate model proposed by the experts in the climate impact studies so their pertinence can be evaluated. In particular these tools are developed to highlight decision makers to justify one appropriate and feasible choice of future climate guardrails
Wenisch, Sandrine. "Contribution a l'élaboration de l'analyse du cycle de vie de la chaine de traitement par incinération." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0005.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has been developed in the double context of:- a profound change in municipal solid waste management with the emergence of the concept of treatment chain, - the development of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which consists in assessing the polluting load of a product, from its manufacture to its recovery, treatment on final disposal. This work allowed us to - point out the interest of LCA ; this approach can be used as a base for dialogue, on the basis of pollution transfers occurring locally as well as out of the territory, in order to select actions considered as acceptable for the actors concerned (local community, citizen,. . . ) specify the application field of the LCA of the waste treatment chain : in a management tool like Environmental Management System or environmental board, LCA contributes to answer the question "how to act 'J", in order to select waste management alternatives. - propose a methodological for shrewd imple. Memat10n of LCA: this framework is based on the definition of objectives of the remediation, the recovery and of the action means from an anal y sis of pollution transfers An illustration of the method is presented for the implementation of a recovery system
Claudel, Stéphane. "Mise au point d'un algorithme d'aide à la génération automatique de modèles d'écoulement à compartiments à partir de traçages expérimentaux dans des réacteurs industriels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL001N.
Повний текст джерелаFischer, Nicolas. "Fusion statistique de fichiers de données." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0483.
Повний текст джерелаIt is the objective of statistical data fusion to put together data emanating from distinct sources. When data are incomplete in files, fusion methodologies enable to transfer information, i. E. Variables of interest which are available in the so called donor files into a recipient file. This technique is based on the presence of common variables between the different files. We introduce new models for qualitative data which involve logistic and PLS regression. The latter is of special interest when dealing with highly correlated data set. These methods have been successfully tested on real data set and validated according to several criteria assessing the quality of statistical analysis. Finally, a decision making process has been operationally validated by using the lift indicator
Sassi, Ebtissem. "L'intégration de la logistique dans les domaines d'aménagement du territoire : contribution à la conception d'un système d'aide à la décision dédié." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH04/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is well known that the territorial industrial ecosystem is now a major issue in territory planning policies. As a result, it constitutes a system of action in which the various actors involved use different approaches and whose objectives are not always close and sometimes conflicting points of view. In all approaches, an ideal type of dashboard incorporating indicators and focusing on performance pilotage is emerging today from the literature.In this context, it appears the importance of the treatment of the problem of evaluation of a territorial industrial ecosystem and more precisely the evaluation of the performance of a distribution system in a port area: the hinterland.This subject has not been sufficiently developed in the literature since it has not been treated with a multidisciplinary approach.This problem is characterized by the strong link between the transport infrastructure, the territorial system and the logistics zones following the exchange of goods flows in the territory through the transport infrastructure.The theoretical contribution of this work is presented in the original investigation approach, which involves different theoretical approaches in order to understand and solve a problem related to two complex systems (the logistics system and the territorial system).For clarity, this work is a decision aid through the reflection on distribution solutions by integrating territorial specificities and not as a tool for optimizing tours or logistics organization
Ladry, Jean-François. "Une notation et un processus outillé pour le développement de systèmes interactifs multimodaux critiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/960/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on critical interactive systems and presents an approch to take into account synergistically reliability and usability. Indeed, in critical interactive systems, usability problems can reduce the performence of the operator, be a source of confusion and frustration and lead to errors. Similarly, reliability problems can cause failures in system operation. As shiwn by studies in the field, thesefailures and the causes of incidents or accidents. To increase the bandwidth between the user and the system, the innovation activities in the field of HCI provide new input-output systems and more sophisticated interaction techniques sush as multimodal interaction. Although a significant effort is being undertaken by the field of HCI to implement and extend current technique of usability evaluation for these new interaction technique, few research has been conducted to ensure the reliability of applications offering such interaction techniques. TThe iterative design process contributes to the usability of the system by successive validation of the prototypes with the operators but to the detriment of the reliability of the final system by the absence of comprehensive and structured design. Our approach is based on a formal notation and a development, process implementing this notation. Using a formal notation provides to the different actors in the design and development, a precise and unambiguous communication language, on which it is possible to apply methods and techniques for property verification. For the notation part, the work presented here is based on the ICO formalism that was existing before this thesis. The contribution of this work is a systematic approach to not only describe the advanced interaction techniques but also to respond to both problems of reliability and usability. .
Huyet, Anne-Lise. "Extraction de connaissances pertinentes sur le comportement des systèmes de production : une approche conjointe par optimisation évolutionniste via simulation et apprentissage." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21528.
Повний текст джерелаRobert, Abiodun. "L'annotation pour la recherche d'information dans le contexte d'intelligence économique." Nancy 2, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131856.
Повний текст джерелаWe assumed annotation should contribute to the transformation of collected information into value added information which can be adapted to aid in decision making. We considered annotation in the process of economic intelligence according to the period of the annotation, the users and the documents. Annotations on one or more documents, by one or more users, can be used to evaluate the orientation and interest of individuals when trying to solve a decisional problem. A set of annotations can be represented as {Ai, the set of annotations ; Ui, a set of users ; Tj, periods of the annotations ; and Dk a set of the documents} and we represented a model called AMIE. These parameters Ui, Tj, Dk can be fixed or varied as the case may be to obtain corresponding annotations which may be used in decision making process. We developed and experimented the model on an application in the field of access to information resources on Internet
Castano, Eric. "Conception et installation d'un système de veille technologique : application au domaine pétrolier." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30040.
Повний текст джерелаLehn, Rémi. "Un système interactif de visualisation et de fouille de règles pour l'extraction de connaissances dans les bases de données." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2110.
Повний текст джерелаOccelli, Florent. "Systèmes d’Information Géographique et Lien Environnement – Santé (SIGLES) : contribution au développement d'outils cartographiques d'aide à la décision face aux risques sanitaires liés à l'environnement." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S043/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental and social inequalities in health (ESIH) over territories are related to two cumulative dimensions: populations exposed to their living poor quality environment and the vulnerability of these populations to the environmental risk factors, which can affect health. This research deals with the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applied to the field of environmental health. General purposes are the characterization of environmental media quality and the assessment of ESIH.Achieving these objectives requires a first step of harvest, genesis and formatting spatialized environmental databases. Such data are resulting from physico-chemical monitoring and biomonitoring. They were then mapped using GIS tools, including geostatistical spatial interpolation methods. On the over hand, spatial variability in the incidence of diseases were investigated using disease mapping methods (Standardized Incidence Ratios: SIR) and the detection of atypical clusters of events (scan statistics), which are based on disease registries. Finally, geographical ecological studies are developed to associate the environmental maps generated to health and socio-economic status. Thus, this work aims to answer the question \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"do people with poor state of health live in a poor quality environment?\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" This question has been studied through three main researches.The first relates the characterization of trace elements burdens in the environment and the assessment of ESIH on neighborhood scale, over three territories in the Nord-Pas de Calais (NPdC) region. This research is conducted from measurements of biological burdens performed both in epiphytic lichens and humans and from a localized index of deprivation. The measured metals were considered individually, but also holistically by developing an integrated multimetallic index, in order to describe the general status of environmental pollution by metals. Environmental inequalities were observed on neighborhood scale in Dunkerque. Our results assume that trace elements burdens in populations are affected by environmental burdens.In our second research we revealed spatial disparities in the incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) on small area in the NPdC. Unlike other factors (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, medical practices), we highlighted the role of socio-economic status in the occurrence of such disparities. Only a part of the ESRD variability is currently explained. It is therefore necessary to focus on the environmental hypothesis.The third research focuses on the spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater contamination by trace elements, in order to identify potential environmental risk factors in the incidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.This work is based on several collaborations with the REIN network, the EPIMAD registry, and several research teams (EA4483 and EA2694 Université Lille 2, TVES EA4477 ULCO).Following this thesis, the research prospects are to pursue the development of integrated indicators to assess population exposure to the multiple environmental media contamination. The results also indicate a lack of information in environmental databases compared to health registries. A work is thus needed to define the content of such databases. These are necessary to characterize the environmental quality and to help the assessment of interaction between the populations and their living environment
Laurent, Achille Benjamin. "Développement d'un modèle d'aide à la décision basé sur l'optimisation multicritère, intégrant l'analyse de cycle de vie conséquentielle : application à une entreprise forestière." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27933.
Повний текст джерелаHow can forest harvesting entrepreneurs consider environmental impacts in their business decisions? What technologies can reduce environmental impacts while making the company more profitable? To answer these questions, we developed a strategic decision support tool which integrated the minimization of environmental impacts with economic objectives environmental based on multi-criteria optimization. The consideration of environmental and economic impacts on the entire logistics network requires a holistic vision. That why a life-cycle approach was adopted all long of this thesis. Thus, the multi-criteria model is powered by environmental Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life-Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA). The first contribution of this thesis is to present a LCA of the product portfolio of a forestry company. LCA is a standardized and recognized method for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product or service. This analysis was realized with the IMPACT 2002+ method, which quantify damages on human health, ecosystem quality, climate changes and resource consumption, which are the four environmental criteria in this entire research project. The second contribution is the realization of an Activity-Based Life-Cycle Costing (AB-LCC) covering all the harvesting and processing activities of the same forestry company. The cost structure of the company was analyzed for each product of the portfolio along with an analysis of the life-cycle of each Harvested Wood Product (HWP) in the North American market context. With a consequential LCA approach, it is possible to consider the consequences of a change by integrating the substitution effects. Substition of building materials, such as steel or concrete, and of fossil fuels by HWP has positive greenhouse gas emission impacts. The third contribution, presented in chapter 4, use results of the previous analyzes to incorporate them in a multi-criteria optimization model which considers both profitability and environmental impacts. The decision support model provides optimization from an environmental, economic and all compromises between these criteria, on material flux and new technology acquisition. A graphical representation of the proposed network accompanies the calculation of expected annual profits and net GHG emissions of solutions. The case study is based on primary and historical data of the company activities as well as set of new technologies considered, for both environmental and economic criteria. The mathematical model is linear integer programming that is resolved by the exact method and a posteriori approach, by varying weights between 0 and 1 for each criterion, to generate 150 solutions. Several prospective technologies are proposed in the model while respecting the constraints of supplies, recipes and specific capacity to the context of the studied forestry company. A final contribution of this thesis is about the HWP delivery system, presented in chapter 5. The routing of prefabricated building systems directly on construction sites has several advantages, but it is a source of GHG emissions. CarbonRoadMap is a multicriteria and multimodal model supporting decisions about alternatives to truck only transport. The forestry company can suggest different routes based on the priorities of its customers, who may be the time, cost or carbon emissions. This whole thesis demonstrates that the integration of environmental criteria in the decision support tools allows a wider vision. In the applications, specific to forestry business, the solutions with an environmental impacts reduction are mostly a source of additional profit simultaneity.