Дисертації з теми "Système nerveux sympathique autonome"
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Ollivier, Maëlle. "Implication du système nerveux autonome sympathique dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0022.
Повний текст джерелаAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was initially defined by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1869 as a disease exclusively affecting motor neurons. It is now recognized as a multisystem neurodegenerative disease with clinical, genetic, and neuropathological heterogeneity. Despite significant progress in understanding Charcot's disease, few treatments are currently available to slow or halt its progression. Although various symptoms related to autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunctions have been described, few research projects have explored its role in the development of ALS. The work presented in this thesis aimed to study alterations in the sympathetic autonomic nervous system in ALS, using the SOD1G93A mouse model. We specifically focused on the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) of the ANS, which share numerous molecular and functional characteristics with motor neurons. SPNs represent the final spinal relay of autonomic control. By combining genetic, biochemical, anatomical techniques with telemetry and behavioral approaches, we demonstrated that alterations in the ANS are present in SOD1 mice at presymptomatic stages of the disease
Mansour, Christelle. "Évaluation des altérations microcirculatoires et de la balance sympatho-vagale en situation critique : intérêt de modulateurs du système nerveux sympathique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1302.
Повний текст джерелаAmong the factors involved in the regulation and maintenance of the organs’ functioning, the autonomic nervous system and the microcirculation play a preponderant role. In critical patients, such as septic patients, alterations in the sympathovagal balance and tissue perfusion may occur and have major consequences of morbidity and mortality. The implementation of early detection methods for these disturbances could therefore contribute to improve the survival of patients at risk. Indeed, the monitoring of hemodynamic parameters, as conventionally performed during resuscitation, may be insufficient to detect tissue perfusion alterations: during sepsis, microcirculatory changes may persist despite the normalization of macrocirculatory parameters and are associated with a bad prognosis. With regard to the presence of microcirculatory dysfunctions and autonomic nervous system alterations in critical patients, this research project proposed to evaluate the impact of modulators of the sympathetic system on the sympatho-vagal balance and microcirculation. In order to achieve this, we worked on animal models and animals admitted to the faculty’s veterinary hospital center. Monitoring of the autonomic nervous system was based on a new Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) index. In parallel, the microcirculation was evaluated by videomicroscopy (SDF, Sidestream Dark Field imaging). The PTA index demonstrated a good performance in predicting hemodynamic reactions in anesthetized dogs. It also detected disturbances of the sympathetic balance in horses admitted for colic surgery as well as an alteration of microcirculation despite resuscitation maneuvers. Preclinical studies on the impact of esmolol and dexmedetomidine infusion in a septic swine model showed that, despite their potential hemodynamic effects, these agents did not have a negative effect on the microcirculation. Thus, these findings suggest a beneficial effect of the modulators of the sympathetic nervous system on the microcicultion, however, these resutls should be confirmed on a larger scale
Espinosa, Medina Isabel. "On the development of the parasympathetic, enteric and sacral nervous systems." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066009/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeural crest cells migrate extensively to form the autonomic nervous system including sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric ganglia essential for regulating bodily homeostasis. In the present work, I explore the migratory mechanisms and neuronal interactions during autonomic circuit assembly, as well as their molecular dependencies. I show that parasympathetic ganglia derive from Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) and migrate along their preganglionic nerves to locate close to their target tissues (Espinosa-Medina et al., 2014). In line with this work, I show that vagal-associated SCPs give rise to part of the oesophageal nervous system, whereas cervical sympathetic-like crest cells colonize all the gastrointestinal tract, demonstrating a dual origin and different migration mechanisms for enteric neurons. Finally, I revise the identity of the sacral autonomic outflow, whose allocation to the parasympathetic nervous system has been accepted for a century. Sacral autonomic neurons control rectal, bladder, and genital functions and analysis of their cellular phenotype was lacking. Here I present a differential molecular signature for cranial parasympathetic versus thoraco-lumbar sympathetic neurons and show that, in this light, the sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic. Accordingly, the parasympathetic nervous system receives input from cranial nerves exclusively and the sympathetic nervous system from spinal nerves, thoracic to sacral inclusively (Espinosa-Medina et al., 2016). Interestingly the enteric nervous system, which receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, shares with each system aspects of its ontogeny
Allio, Gabrielle. "Laignel-Lavastine (1875-1953) : un psychiatre "sympathique"." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN3094.
Повний текст джерелаDamase-Michel, Christine. "Système nerveux orthosympathique et mécanisme d'action des médicaments antihypertenseurs." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30279.
Повний текст джерелаGaudinière, Valence Dorothée. "La Réactivité émotionnelle chez la caille : approches comportementales, cardiaque et génétique." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4029.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim was to study the influence of the emotional reactivity on behavioural and cardiac responses in birds during emotional situations. Behavioural and heart rate variability measurements were studied in quail selected on either a long (LTI) or a short (STI) tonic immobility duration. STI and LTI quail exhibit low and high emotional reactivity. In 2 emotional situations, sympathetic activity increased in all lines, however, parasympathetic activity decreased in STI and LTI during an object presentation while it increased in STI after an acoustic stimulation. Emotional reactivity and the test situation then influence autonomic and behavioural responses during emotional situation. Finally, the study of the emotional responses could help the evaluation of animal welfare in rearing conditions
Aubertin-Kirch, Gaëlle. "Rôle de l'hyperactivité sympathique dans la physiopathologie du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ031/document.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral studies have established an association between cardiometabolic disorders composing the metabolic syndrome and sympathetic hyperactivity. The causal relationship is however not clearly defined. Our work on a murine model of constitutive sympathetic hyperactivity (partial and / or complete deletion of the norepinephrine reuptake transporter) highlights its role in the development of carbohydrate disorders: 1) An increase in the sympathetic activity is a sufficient factor for early carbohydrate disorders associating glucose intolerance with basal hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia. 2) These disorder are thought to be due to a delay in insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation, probably consecutive to a decreased expression of the GLUT2 transporter. These results show that chronic sympathetic hyperactivity may constitute a prognostic factor allowing the early diagnosis of patients at risk to develop glucose homeostasis disorders and opens perspectives in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Quilliot, Didier. "Résistance à l'action des catécholamines, de la leptine et de l'insuline au cours de l'obésité : étude de la réactivité du système nerveux autonome "in vivo" et de la lipolyse "in vitro"." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0252_QUILLIOT.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA decreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity could be involved in the physiopathology of obesity. We used spectral analysis to measure the variability of heart rate and blood pressure in normotensive obese subjects. In standing position, baroreflexe sensitivity and SNS reactivity were altered and negatively correlated to insulin resistance indexes. After a glucose load, an impaired change in indices of sympathetic modulation was observed. Increased leptin to fat mass ratio was paradoxically associated with a decreased sympathetic cardiac modulation. This relationship persisted after weight loss. These abnormalities including impaired SNS reactivity, insulin resistance and an increased leptin concentration for a given fat mass, without hypertension could be described as a particular phenotype of obesity. Catecholamine resistance of adipocyte lipolysis could be related to cell membrane abnormalities. This hypothesis was tested in vitro by increasing the membrane sphingomyelin content of 3T3L1 adipocytes. At short term, a decrease in stimulated lipolysis was observed, that could be related to abnormal membrane signal transduction. The transcription of genes implicated in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and lipogenesis was activated, but without change in the transcription of beta-adrenergic receptors
Sourioux, Mélissa. "Étude des mécanismes de coordination des activités rythmiques locomotrices et sympathiques au sein d’un réseau spinal activé par l’acétylcholine chez le rat nouveau-né." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0895/document.
Повний текст джерелаLocomotion, as any other forms of physical activity, mobilizes the autonomic nervous system to match the increasing physiological demand. These autonomic responses mostly rely on the coupling between sympathetic and somatic motor activities. The propriospinal cholinergic system plays an important role in the control of locomotor networks, and several lines of evidences suggest that it may also activate sympathetic preganglionic neurons from the intermediolateral nucleus (IMLs). The aim of my doctoral thesis was to investigate the role of the cholinergic propriospinal system in the coordination between these two systems. Using the in vitro isolated spinal cord from new born rat, we showed that application of acetylcholine synchronized the locomotor and sympathetic networks, via the activation of muscarinic receptors. Indeed, the non-selective agonist oxotremorine induced slow rhythmic activity blocked by M1, M2, M3 and M4 muscarinic receptor antagonists. In addition, oxotremorine revealed endogenous rhythmogenic capabilities of the thoracic segments. This slow oscillatory activity propagated from thoracic ventral roots to lumbar ones, but not the reverse. We observed that thoracic MNs were rhythmically activated during both locomotorlike activity and oxotremorine-induced rhythm. In contrast, IMLs were rhythmically activated solely in the presence of oxotremorine. This study provides new light on the origin of the coupling between the somatic and the sympathetic systems. We propose that synchronizing mechanisms are achieved in part by an intraspinal network which may be activated under the control of the cholinergic propriospinal system
Ravé, Guillaume. "Evaluation de l’adaptation à l’entraînement du footballeur professionnel par la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque : intérêt de la position debout." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0040/document.
Повний текст джерелаHeart Rate Variability (HRV) is a simple and noninvasive tool to assess autonomic nervous system(ANS) influences to the heart. ANS is made of twoopposing effect branches. The sympathetic oneactivates the heart while the parasympathetic one slowsit down. Parasympathetic indicators derived from HRVare well studied in the context of endurance sports.They could be determined by means of time or spectralanalysis (Root mean Square of the Successive Difference, RMSSD, and High Frequency, HF, respectively). They provide key information to monitor training adaptation. In the case of soccer, a balance between training charge and recovery is necessary because of the numerous games during a whole season. HRV is supposed to assist coaches in order tooptimize training and thus players’ physical performance. Many European soccer clubs use the indicator recommended for endurance sports (RMSSD). However, soccer is an intermittent sport that involves theoretically more the sympathetic nervous system(reactivity) than the parasympathetic one. Our studies on professional soccer players show that RMSSD is not the most relevant indicator, neither to monitor training during a pre-season nor to predict fitness perception during competition. We demonstrated that HRV spectralanalysis performed while players are standing is more appropriate since this position involved the sympathetic nervous system. However, spectral analysis failed toidentify sympathetic nervous system as the key determinant of soccer training adaptation. In addition, our results challenged the link between RMSSD and the parasympathetic nervous system. In conclusion,spectral analysis of HRV performed in the standing position is a useful tool in the case of intermittent highlevel sports
Weiss, Maud. "Etudes des effets cardio-métaboliques d'une aminopyrroline sympatho-inhibitrice dans un modèle de syndrome métabolique chez le primate non humain : mise en évidence des mécanismes d’action impliqués." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ071/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetabolic syndrome (MetS) can be defined as a combination of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity may be involved in the development of MetS. I1 imidazoline receptors (I1R), identified by our team, have a sympatho-inhibitory action and therefore, represent a target for developing new drugs. In our laboratory, pharmaco-chemical studies led to the synthesis of I1R selectives aminopyrrolines. Preliminary studies allowed us to select a leader, the LNP599, which lowers blood pressure and induces beneficial metabolic effects. Additional peripheral effects related to adiponectin were also noted. The first aim of my thesis consisted in the development of an original model of MetS in marmoset in order to test the therapeutic benefit of LNP599. The second objective was to study the potential effects of peripheral I1R ligands. These studies were conducted in elderly rats, a model of moderate insulin resistance, and in the HepG2 cells
Dimitriadou, Violetta. "Donnees anatomophysiologiques en faveur d'un role non vasomoteur de l'innervation autonome des vaisseaux cerebraux : role trophique au cours du developpement et de l'age adulte, possibilite d'une intervention indirecte parl'intermediaire de cellules." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066200.
Повний текст джерелаKachenoura, Amar. "Traitement Aveugle de Signaux Biomédicaux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359155.
Повний текст джерелаTousignant, Christine. "Effets des neuropeptides sur le système nerveux autonome." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11703.
Повний текст джерелаClerici, Christine. "Système nerveux autonome et bronchomotricité chez le cobaye." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120028.
Повний текст джерелаReynaud, Emmanuelle. "Mécanismes cérébraux et psychophysiologiques impliqués dans la variabilité de la réponse émotionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5020.
Повний текст джерелаThe ability to sense and regulate emotions allows us to have an adapted emotional behavior towards our environment. It is regulated by an interaction of the central nervous system (CNS), including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Yet, our emotional responses can be influenced by a myriad of other factors. They depend for instance on ones' subjective state, and also voluntary conscious intention to control one's emotions. The aim of this thesis is thus to study peripheral and cerebral mechanisms involved in the variability of the emotional response. To do so, we have used five different models susceptibly influencing emotional response: a first model assaying healthy controls in an emotional control task, a second one accounting for their resilience capacity, a third one focused on the impact of neuroticism, a fourth one with acutely stress participants and a last one with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. To better address our objective, we have selected three groups of participants: healthy controls, PTSD patients and fire fighters. We explored responses of the the ANS and the CNS activities using fMRI-based paradigms, specifically tackling the activation of the amygdala and PFC; using an emotional tasks. As hypothesized, our results have shown that voluntary emotional regulation in healthy controls modulates physiological parameters in an emotion-specific manner. For instance the sympathetic system is only activated under those circumstance when processing fearful clips
Sigaudo-Roussel, Dominique. "Modifications du système nerveux sympathique induites par une microgravité réelle ou simulée." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T050.
Повний текст джерелаFranchitto, Nicolas. "Le système nerveux autonome, un trigger de mort subite cardiaque ?" Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1879/.
Повний текст джерелаNatural death is in opposite to violent death, which may be related to another cause. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined in forensic practice, as a natural death occurring within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms. This definition is less satisfactory in current clinical practice, because death often takes place without witnesses and at an unknown time. In the light of these observations, cardiac death must be termed "sudden" if the deceased was known to be in good health 24 hours before the death occurred. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and sudden cardiac death is its first and only manifestation in nearly half of cases when the patient is aged 35 years or older. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of SCD need to be better understood, the rate of autopsies has been in decline for several years, which increases the difficulty of accurately determining the cause of death. Competent investigation of the medical history and circumstances of the death, in association with autopsy, is still considered as the gold standard for determining the cause and the manner of death. The forensic specialist has to summarize the history of the patients, their pharmaceutical treatments and to compare them with the autopsy findings in order to ascertain the cause of death. Such a procedure is in conformity with European recommendations on harmonization of medicolegal autopsy rules. It has been known for decades that sympathetic activation can trigger malignant arrhythmias, whereas vagal activity may exert a protective effect. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are intricately involved in the modulation of cardiac excitability and arrhythmias. Autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic predominance is a hallmark of chronic heart failure involved in both initiation and progression of this syndrome. Pathologically elevated sympathetic tone worsens survival in CHF and plays an important role as a trigger of ventricular tachyarrhytmias and sudden cardiac death. Because we are a forensic physician and also an intensivist and anesthetist experienced in the management of sudden cardiac death, we wanted to stress the interest in the analysis of the medical records before the death occurred, and to improve the knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for SCD. First, we illustrate our work by showing how the forensic doctor has to deal with sudden cardiac death in the prehospital setting. In this case, we have underlined the interest in a close collaboration between the emergency physician and the forensic physician. Sudden cardiac death has been described in mitral valve prolapse syndrome and ventricular tachyarrhythmias have been recognised as a principal aetiology. Taken together, the medical report of the emergency service and the results of autopsy led to the diagnosis of death due to ventricular fibrillation in which mitral valve prolapse syndrome was a contributory factor (Franchitto, Med Sci Law 2010). Understanding sympathetic nervous system functioning in greater detail may continue to provide pathophysiological insights for the forensic physician. That's why the aim of our work was to evaluate sympathetic nervous system by microneurography in particular situation of CHF and to stress the role of autonomic imbalance by studying sympathetic modulation by reflexes (i. E. Baro or chemoreflexes). Then, we show that chronic renal failure (CRF) increases sympathetic activity in CHF patients through tonic chemoreflex activation, and that this effect is correlated with renal failure severity. (Despas et al. J Hypertens 2009). Consequently we also showed that another comorbidity, namely anemia, also increases sympathetic activity in patients with CHF, again through peripheral chemoreceptor activation and that this effect is inversely correlated with haemoglobin level. Analysis of ventilation and blood gas data suggest, that during anaemia, oxygen extraction is decreased at the carotid body level, this in turn contribute to enhance sensibility of peripheral chemo receptors and thus contribute to sympathetic hyperactivity (Franchitto, Despas et al. Hypertension 2010). Combination of anaemia, renal and cardiac abnormalities led to the concept of Cardiorenal Anemia syndrome in the setting of CHF. While the pathophysiological role of these features has been extensively studied independently, less is known about the impact of these conditions in the setting of the CRA syndrome. We show through direct assessment of sympathetic nerve activity that sympathetic baroreflex control of MSNA is decreased in these patients and that chemoreflex deactivation increases baroreflex gain in these patients. Both combinations of autonomic dysfunctions provide a further possible explanation for the high incidence of sudden cardiac death, observed in CHF patients with CRA syndrome despite neurohormonal blokade prescribed in daily practice
Yohann, Rautureau. "Vasodilatation dépendante de l'endothélium : régulation par le système nerveux autonome." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2012.
Повний текст джерелаSaint, Martin Magali. "Vieillissement cognitif réussi : système nerveux autonome, sommeil et interactions sociales." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20103/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis was to examine cognitive performances of a large French cohort study of elderlies, i.e. the Saint Etienne PROOF-Siempre cohort, in order to assess among several factors which of them could play a prognostic role on a successful cognitive aging including physiological and psychosocial factors. In order to assess these key factors we developped several research axes frequently examining the long-term changes.The first axis of the research consider the overtime evolution of cognitive function in this population. We found that 70% of the 632 participants 67 yrs old at their inclusion in the study with or without sleep related breathing disorders had stable cognitive data 8-yr later. In this sample that we defined as having a successful cognitive aging, the predictive factor was the "high level of social activities" without any contribution of the demographic data, the hypoxemic load or classical vascular and metabolic factors.The second axis of the research we examined the influence of the autonomic nervous system activity of cognitive performances. In a sample of 916 older people, we found that a parameter reflecting the parasympathetic arm of the ANS, the baroreceptor sensitivity, affect when it was found altered the memory function without interference of other cardiovascular risk factor. These results were confirmed in a 8-yr assessment on 425 subjects of the previous sample in whom again a alteration of baroreceptor sensitity affect the long-term changes on memory function with contribution of the other examined factors. This would suggest that autonomic nervous system may also influence the memory changes with aging and assuring a more successful cognitive aging.The third axis of the research was to define how subjective cognitive and sleep complaints remain stable across time and whether subjective estimation of sleep quality may affect the changes on the subjective cognitive complaints. We found again a stability of the subjective cognitive complaint without any interference of sleep quality and aging itself, the quality of life and the presence of anxiety and depression being the most important factors. The four axis of the research examined the possible effect of the degree of social interaction developed along lifetime on the social cognition. We found in group of 100 elderly aged 78 yrs that quality of social interactions in the life-span was the key factor implicated in late social cognitive skills in the elderly without any effect of the executive function status nor the educational and intellectual level.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that in contrast to the most common recognized of a systematic loss of cognitive functions related to age healthy elderlies may have a successful cognitive aging. The "successful" cognitive aging is a multidimensional concept that should clearly identify if one wants to adopt effective strategies to maintain cognitive abilities with age. The different aspects examined in this thesis have highlighted the identification of four determinants of a "successful" cognitive aging: 1) the maintenance of social activities throughout the life; 2) the preservation of a sympathetic-parasympathetic balance of the autonomic nervous system; 3) the lack of sleep-disordered breathing; and 4) the stability of sleep and cognitive complaints generally reported in older population. The application of those strategies may help to prevent the cognitive decline in older populations
Guillot, Jérémy. "Rôle du systèrme nerveux sympathique dans le développement des tumeurs pancréatiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0387.
Повний текст джерелаAxonal fibers in human tumors often correlate with aggressive disease and short survival. In addition large amount of data has led to the notion that cancers depend on axonal nerves to progress. It remains less clear whether and how the peripheral nervous system modulates tumor development. Here we explored how nerve fibers exert their tumor-modulatory role in an in vivo murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by focusing on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Contrary to findings in other cancer types, we found that ablation of sympathetic fibers led to more aggressive pancreatic cancer, increased metastatic spreading and decreased overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, the characterization of denervated tumor shows an increase of the hypoxic zones, correlated with a diminution of blood vessel density. We next focused on macrophages, immune cell population known to be recruited in hypoxic condition and described to be modulated by sympathetic activity. Then, we also found an increase in the number of Tumoral Associated macrophages (TAM) expressing the surface marker CD-163 in denervated condition. A high concentration of these CD-163 TAM is also correlated with a poor prognosis in our epidemiologic data of PDAC patients. Finally, the depletion of these macrophages reverses the sympathectomy phenotype suggestion that, CD163 TAM are a mediators of the protumoral effect of sympathectomy in PDAC.To conclude, these works describe an anti-tumoral effect of SNS on PDAC development through the modulation of CD-163 TAM population. This study offers some new therapeutic perspectives notably through the modulation of PDAC innervation
Fellmann, Lyne. "Rôle du système nerveux sympathique dans la physiopathologie du syndrome métabolique : approche expérimentale." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA2003.
Повний текст джерелаCastagné, Vincent. "Etude du neuropeptide tyrosine NPY dans le système nerveux sympathique et le système nerveux central : implication dans les réponses neuroendocriniennes de stress." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22027.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Marneffe Michel. "La fonction sinusale normale et pathologique: influence du système nerveux autonome." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212746.
Повний текст джерелаDurrieu, Geneviève. "Système nerveux autonome et maladie de Parkinson. Influence des médicaments antiparkinsoniens." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30154.
Повний текст джерелаDulard, Catherine. "Hypotension post-prandiale du sujet âgé, rôle du système nerveux sympathique et des cathécolamines." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M093.
Повний текст джерелаDoras, Camille. "Effets de la modulation du système nerveux sympathique sur le développement de l'athérosclérose expérimentale." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/DORAS_Camille_2011.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAtherosclerosis is a disease of the arterial wall, characterized by focal lipidic thickening of the inner layer. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system was shown to aggravate, and possibly cause, some cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis by which sympathetic overactivity could accelerate atherogenesis. Results: 1 / The sympathetic overactivity aggravates the atherogenesis in our experimental models (sympathetic activation induced by desipramine in ApoE KO mice, or constitutive of NET KO mice). 2 / This increase occurs regardless of associated cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This pleads for the hypothesis of a direct influence of sympathetic activity on atherosclerosis. 3 / In adipose tissue, the production of inflammatory factors is increased in situations of sympathetic overactivity, whereas adiponectin is significantly reduced. These phenomena may be a mechanism by which sympathetic overactivity promotes atherogenesis. 4 / The sympathetic inhibition in turn, particularly induced by centrally acting substances, can prevent atherosclerosis, in certain conditions and certain models. Conclusion: This exploratory work introduces a new track in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. It could pave the way for the prospect of therapeutic application in the field of regulation of the autonomic nervous system
Despas, Fabien. "Physiopathologie et pharmacologie de l'hyperactivité sympathique de l'insuffisance cardiaque." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/904/.
Повний текст джерелаSympathetic activation is a hallmark of chronic heart failure (CHF) involved in both initiation and progression of this syndrome. The aim of our work was to evaluate sympathetic nervous system by microneurography. We show for the first time that chronic renal failure (CRF) increases sympathetic activity in CHF patients through tonic chemoreflex activation, and that this effect is correlated with renal failure severity. Consequently we also showed that another comorbidity, namely anemia, also increases sympathetic activity in patients with CHF. Episode of acute decompensated heart failure remains the main causes of hospitalization in patients with HF. Patients are generally treated with inotropic therapy, however there is no evidence that these agents improve outcome. Levosimendan an original mechanism of action since inotropism is mediated through sensitizing of myofilaments to calcium. We show for the 1st time that levosimendan decrease sympathetic nerve activity. Finally we focused on the prognostic value of sympathetic markers in patients with end stage heart failure. Among these cardiac sympathetic neuronal activity can be non-invasively assessed by the use of I123 radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). We sought to ascertain the prognostic value of MIBG in patients with advanced heart failure and developed comparisons with other prognostic indices such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and peak VO2. Our results suggest that altered adrenergic nerve function assessed by MIBG has a prognostic value in AHF patient awaiting heart transplant, which is however less than that of peak VO2 and BNP
Degoute, Christian-Serge. "Contrôle de la microcirculation cochléaire par le système nerveux autonome chez l'homme." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T020.
Повний текст джерелаCarles, Sébastien. "Exercice physique, fonctions cognitives et système nerveux autonome dans les pathologies cardiovasculaires." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30112.
Повний текст джерелаWe studied physical exercise effects on cognition and autonomic response to differential stresses, in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cognitive impairment and dysautonomic cardiac regulation characterise this population. We showed that short term exercise training improves cognitive function at rest. Improvement of cognition is a clinical relevant question in relation to its implication in the quality of life and pharmacological treatment compliance which is dependant of its comprehension. We used heart rate variability analysis to study cardiac autonomic regulations under different stressful conditions. We showed that responses to these stress are identical to modifications before ventricular fibrillation. The association of physical and mental stress potentiates these cardiac responses. Short term exercise training can decrease these potential dangerous responses but its effects are dependant on type of stress
Rada, Hiram. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de mesure et d'analyse multiparamétrique de l'activité du système nerveux autonome." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T136.
Повний текст джерелаDimassi, Belhadj Noura. "Etude des arythmies d'ischémie et de reperfusion chez le rat : influence du système nerveux sympathique." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS054.
Повний текст джерелаDjeddi, Djamal-Dine. "Etude des interactions entre le reflux gastrooesophagien, le système nerveux autonome et le sommeil chez le nouveau-né." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIED001.
Повний текст джерелаCruciani-Guglielmacci, Céline. "Régulation de l'homéostasie glucidique par les lipides : effets centraux et périphériques." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077042.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Oliveira Fabrice. "Etude du confort thermique ressenti par l'homme dans son environnement climatique." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0041.
Повний текст джерелаThis study consists in working out an evaluation method of the thermal comfort objectively felt by the man. This method is pressed in particular on peripheral indicators of the activity of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) related to thermoregulation, in arder to integrate the objective component of felt thermal comfort. Our approach is based on a multiparametric evaluation of felt and objectifies thermal comfort. We identified physiological indicators which make it possible to restore the reactions of thermoregulation starting from the activation of ANS, i. E. Temporal variables which make it possible to visualize episodes of reactions not-conscious or slightly conscious related to a stimulus. We identified a whole of indices likely to constitute a complete set of thermo-neuro-vascular parameters in arder to apprehend the human physiological nonconscious reactions. The presented algorithms were developed in arder to measure these indices in an automatic way. A validation in experiments is carried out in order to check if we obtain measurements of the thermal comfort felt objectively by targeting environments and particular climatic stimuli
Molinaro, Corinne. "L'activité du système nerveux autonome, reflet de la charge et de l'imagerie mentales." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10130.
Повний текст джерелаTrochet, Delphine. "Etude du gène PHOX2B dans des anomalies de développement du système nerveux autonome." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P601.
Повний текст джерелаCongenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS, Ondine's curse, MIM209880) is a disorder of autonomic respiratory control. The range of dysautonomia is wide and includes Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) in 20% of the cases and predisposition to neuroblastoma (NB). Paired-like Homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) is the major disease-causing gene. We collected 300 patients and identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in 90% of the cases. Mutations are of 3 main types: i) polyalanine expansions ranging from +5 to +13 alanines ii) frameshift mutations and iii) homeodomain missense mutations. Genotype/Phenotype correlations could be drawn and the clinical presentation encompasses late onset CHS and familial and/or syndromic NB. Finally, in vitro functional studies showed a decrease PHOX2B transcriptionnal activity correlated with the size of the alanine expansion, as well as protein misfolding of expansion and frameshift mutations ranging from oligomerization to aggregation
Thomas, Lionel. "Les inhibiteurs sympathiques d'action centrale dans les dysfonctions ventriculaires : effets cardioprotecteurs ?" Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077230.
Повний текст джерелаKanbar, Roy. "CONTRÔLE BARORÉFLEXE DE L'ACTIVITÉ NERVEUSE SYMPATHIQUE CHEZ LE RAT." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349528.
Повний текст джерелаL'entraînement cardiaque, chez l'animal anesthésié, révèle que ce gain n'est pas influencé par les variations du rythme cardiaque. En mesurant l'ANS rénale chez des rats vigils ayant des barorécepteurs intacts ou partiellement dénervés, il est montré que cet index est positivement corrélé à la sensibilité baroréflexe mesurée par méthode pharmacologique. L'intérêt fonctionnel de cet index est confirmé par l'existence d'une relation inverse avec la variabilité tensionnelle. Chez des rats intacts, l'application aiguë d'un stress émotionnel par jet d'air sensibilise le contrôle baroréflexe de l'ANS rénale, et ceci quelle que soit la méthode d'évaluation utilisée.
Cet index, calculé sur des périodes successives d'une minute, chez des rats éveillés, révèle que la sensibilité du contrôle baroréflexe de l'ANS rénale fluctue spontanément au cours du temps. Le calcul de cet index au moyen des ANSs rénale et lombaire, enregistrées simultanément chez des rats vigils, suggère une régulation baroréflexe homogène des ANS régionales.
Dubois-Randé, Jean-Luc. "Étude du système neurohormonal dans l'insuffisance cardiaque humaine : implications cliniques." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120058.
Повний текст джерелаVermeiren, Christophe. "Analyse et modélisation du système cardio-vasculaire et sa régulation à court terme par le système nerveux autonome." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120062.
Повний текст джерелаRevel, Aurélia. "Innervation sympathique et hémodynamique cérébrale chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819175.
Повний текст джерелаGaudreault, Valérie. "L'hypertension d'effort chez les patients avec syndrome métabolique : le rôle du système nerveux autonome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24344/24344.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLeclair, Visonneau Laurène. "Etude physiopathologique de la diffusion de la maladie de parkinson au système nerveux autonome." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1020/document.
Повний текст джерелаBeyond cardinal motor symptoms due to the degeneration of substantia nigra neurons, non motor symptoms are major features of Parkinson’s disease (PD), displaying the large spread of alpha-synuclein histopathology. Dysautonomia, sleep problems or cognitive alteration are frequent in PD; constipation and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may even precede motor symptoms for years. Gastrointestinal tract might be involved in PD pathogenesis. The aim of the current research was to explore the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the natural history of PD. We first performed a functional and morphological study of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) in colonic biopsies. We observed a structural disorganization of tight junction, unrelated to ENS alpha-synuclein pathology. In PD patients with and without RBD, a disease severity and brainstem diffusion marker, we evaluated IEB permeability and enteric alpha-synuclein pathology. No difference in IEB permeability was observed between the two groups, but ENS alpha-synuclein pathology was more frequent in PD patients with RBD, suggesting that RBD may mark a more widespread alpha-synuclein-driven pathophysiology. Finally, we undertook a systematic assessment of ANS components, with clinical, functional and histological (skin biopsy) measures. ANS components were impaired in a heterogeneous pattern, thereby suggesting an erratic rather than a stepwise progression. Only constipation and orthostatic hypotension were associated with cognitive alteration, which reinforce their relationship with disease severity
Caterini, Richard. "La coprogrammation de la performance sportive par le système nerveux autonome : un modèle inférentiel." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10096.
Повний текст джерелаIlias, Anissa. "Implication du système nerveux autonome dans la régulation de la régénération des cellules pancréatiques." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077059.
Повний текст джерелаThe decrease of functional 13 cell mass is the key event in the development of diabetes. Curent new treatments, based on cell therapy, are being developed to restore the missing 13 cells. 13 cell mass is a dynamic entity, regulated by numerous growth factors and hormones. These factors play a crucial role in the adaptation of functional g mass to meet the insulin demands. However, the contribution of the nervous system in the regulation of the pancreatic endocrine mass is poorly understood. This work aimed to decipher the role of autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters on compensatory pancreatic cell growth, using a 90% pancreatectomy model of regeneration. We show that intra-pancreatic inhibition of M3 muscarinic receptor for acetylcholine and GRP receptor significantly reduces 13 cell regeneration, through the diminution of both proliferation of existing R cells and 13 cell neogenesis. The inhibition of each of these receptors also strongly affects acinar cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis. Two other parasympathetic neuropeptides, namely VIP and PACAP, appear to be minor contributors in the regulation of endocrine pancreas regeneration. The main sympathetic neurotransmitter, noradrenalin, seems to be through its a2 adrenergic receptor a negative regulator of 13 cell regeneration in the adult pancreas. Our results point out for the first time some of the autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters as key players in the regulation of pancreatic cell regeneration, and provide new molecular targets for cell therapy of endocrine and exocrine pancreas diseases associated with a cellular deficiency
Richalet, Jean-Paul. "Rôle du système nerveux autonome dans les adaptations cardiovasculaires en hypoxie d'altitude chez l'homme." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112216.
Повний текст джерелаGuillot, Aymeric. "Règles et conditions de la pratique de l'imagerie mentale dans les activités physiques et sportives : Validation à l'aide de l'enregistrement d'indices neurovégétatifs périphériques." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10054.
Повний текст джерелаSeddik, Riad. "Etude des récepteurs nicotiniques dans les neurones préganglionnaires et postganglionnaires du système sympathique de rat." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13113.
Повний текст джерелаSympathetic autonomic nervous system regulates different vegetative functions like blood pressure, cardiac rhythm and intestinal functions. Sympathetic outflow is influenced by the activity of two types of neurones: sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPNs) located in autonomic nuclei of the spinal cord and the postganglionic neurones located in sympathetic ganglia. The cell body of SPNs are located in four regions of the thoraco-lumbar part of the spinal cord; the intermediolateral cell column, the lateral funiculus, the intercaled nucleus and the central autonomic nucleus situated in the lamina X around the central canal. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present in SPNs and postganglionic neurones where they modulate the sympathetic response. These receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and by its metabolite, the choline. Nevertheless, it has been shown that choline is a preferential agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the alpha7 subunit, which have the highest relative permeability to the calcium among all nicotinic receptors. We have demonstrated that:- In postganglionic neurones of superior cervical ganglion, choline induced an inward current associated with an increase of intracellular calcium concentration. The effects of choline were not sensitive to the application of selective alpha7 receptors antagonist. - In the central autonomic nucleus, terminal nicotinic receptors increased the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Terminal nicotinic receptors are activated by acetylcholine but not choline and pharmacological study showed that nAChRs are unlikely to be of the alpha7 but alpha4 subtype. Since central autonomic nucleus neurones integrate visceral nociceptive informations, activation of terminal nicotinic receptors located on GABAergic afferents may contribute to a reduction of the sympathetic autonomic outflow in response to the nociceptive stimulation of viscera
Labrunée, Marc. "Modulation du système nerveux autonome par les techniques non pharmacologiques : application dans l'insuffisance cardiaque chronique systolique et l'artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30288/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe management of cardiovascular disease is to fight against abnormal heart autonomic nervous system (ANS) by restoring sympatho-vagal balance with the help of pharmacological or non-pharmacological means. We have shown that intermittent exercise (IE) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) allowed to increase the vagal tone. The IE was more effective than continuous exercise for reducing arrhythmias. In a second work we have shown that electrical muscle stimulation of the lower limbs in CHF reduced sympathetic tone related to stimulation of afferents. In peripheral arterial disease (PAD) finally, we showed that the sensitive electrostimulation of lower limbs improved the walking distance via potentially sympatho-inhibitor mechanisms