Дисертації з теми "Système CRISPR"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Système CRISPR".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Garneau, Josiane. "Caractérisation du système CRISPR-CAS chez Streptococcus thermophilus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26441/26441.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаParrot, Camila. "Création d'un système rapporteur pour l'étude de mutations de p53." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0198.
Повний текст джерелаCancer is responsible for more than 15% of human deaths. Activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes contribute to malignant transformation of cells. Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are observed in about 50% of human cancers. Therefore, it is of high interest to understand functional consequences of TP53 mutations in order to develop biological tests that allow targeting mutant p53 for oncotherapy. In this study we use CRISPR-Cas9, the latest genome editing technique, for introducing specific TP53 mutations into the genome of a non-tumoral fibroblast cell line. We analyze the effects of p53 mutations at the transcriptomic and proteomic level. These analyses will help identifying gene- and pathway-specific effects of distinct p53 mutations. These results will be used for establishing cell lines that allow high throughput screening, in order to discover new chemical compounds that are able to restore crucial functions of mutant p53 proteins
Prat, Florence. "Les solutions pour prévenir de la génotoxicité du système CRISPR-Cas9." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0322.
Повний текст джерелаCRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genetic world. Nowadays, it is used in various research domains as medicine, agronomy, environment… It is also involved in clinic. However, for a few years, more and more studies have underlined the Cas9 genotoxicity risks. As the first studies focused on the system lack of specificity and on its off-target risks, solutions were brought. Now, new ascertainments emphasize the on-target genotoxic risks. Indeed, non-desired insertions / deletions at the locus in HDR experiments, sequence inversions, large chromosomic truncations were described. The thesis work presented here, aims at finding solutions against these on-target genotoxic risks. In a first time, we have developed solutions in cell lines and hematopoietic stem cells with the nickase system development, and then we have focused on human induced pluripotent stem cells with the use of an allele-specific guide. Finally, we have worked out in sensitive detection genotoxic risks system in immortalized diploid cells to characterized them better. Quality controls must be set up to a correct use of this new biologic revolutionary tool and its limits must be known to controlled them better
Maikova, Anna. "The CRISPR-Cas system of human pathogen Clostridium difficile : function and regulation." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7091.
Повний текст джерелаClostridium difficile (the novel name – Clostridioides difficile) is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic spore forming bacterium, found in soil and aquatic environments as well as in mammalian intestinal tracts. C. difficile is one of the major pathogenic clostridia. This bacterium has become a key public health issue associated with antibiotic therapy in industrialized countries. C. difficile-associated diarrhoea is currently the most frequently occurring nosocomial diarrhoea in Europe and worldwide. Since the last decade the number of severe infection forms has been rising due to emergence of the hypervirulent and epidemic strains as ribotype 027 R20291 strain. C. difficile infection causes diarrhoea, colitis and even death. Many aspects of C. difficile pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Particularly, the molecular mechanisms of its adaptation to changing conditions inside the host are to be scrutinized. During the infection cycle C. difficile survives in bacteriophage-rich gut communities possibly by relying on some special systems that control the genetic exchanges favored within these complex environments. During the last decade, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems of adaptive prokaryotic immunity against exogenic genetic elements has become the center of interest among various anti-invader bacterial defense systems.Previous studies revealed the presence of abundant and diverse CRISPR RNAs in C. difficile. C. difficile has an original CRISPR system, which is characterized by the presence of an unusually large set of CRISPR arrays (12 arrays in the laboratory 630 strain and 9 ones in the hypervirulent R20291 strain), of two or three sets of cas genes conserved in the majority of sequenced C. difficile genomes and the prophage location of several CRISPR arrays. However, the role CRISPR-Cas plays in the physiology and infectious cycle of this important pathogen remains obscure.The general aims of this work run as follows: 1) to investigate the role and the functionality of C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system in the interactions with foreign DNA elements (such as plasmids), 2) to reveal the way C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system expression is regulated and functions in different states of bacterial culture, including its response to stresses. In the present PhD thesis the functionality of C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system was investigated (Chapter 2). Through conjugation efficiency assays defensive function (in interference) of C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system was demonstrated. The correlation between the previously known levels of expression of CRISPR RNAs and the observed levels of interference has also been shown. Moreover, through the series of interference experiments the functionality of PAMs (protospacer adjacent motifs) was confirmed, which have already been predicted in silico. Additionally, the general functional PAM consensus was determined using PAM libraries experiments. Furthermore, an adaptive function of C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system was shown for laboratory strain. The role of multiple cas operons in C. difficile CRISPR functionality is also demonstrated in this Chapter.In Chapter 3 the link between C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system and a new type I toxin-antitoxin system is demonstrated, as well as a possible co-regulation under biofilm and stress conditions of CRISPR-Cas system and these toxin-antitoxin modules. This Chapter also defines a possible role of c-di-GMP in regulation of C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system. Additionally, Chapter 4 describes the utilization of endogenous C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system as a novel tool for genome editing in C. difficile. Altogether, the obtained data highlight the original features of active C. difficile CRISPR-Cas system and demonstrate its biotechnological potential
Sollelis, Lauriane. "Dynamique de la réplication de l’ADN et complexe pré-réplicatif chez Leishmania sp.. : apport du système CRISPR/Cas9." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT062/document.
Повний текст джерелаLeishmania, a protozoan parasite which causes a large range of diseases worldwide, is characterized by a constitutive 'mosaic aneuploidy', i.e. each cell in a population possesses a unique combination of mono-, di- and trisomies for each of its 36 heterologous chromosomes. Mosaic aneuploidy is generated and maintained via high rates of asymmetric chromosomal allotments during mitosis, leading to the gain or loss of whole chromosomes. This implies an unconventional regulation of the replication, followed by a permissive segregation.The main objective of this study was to unravel DNA replication dynamics and to map the replication initiation sites in Leishmania using DNA combing and ChIP-seq analyses. First, we have characterized DNA replication fork parameters. One of the major findings of this study was that Leishmania exhibits the fastest replication speed and the largest interorigin distances among the eukaryotes tested so far. We have also estimated that the Leishmania major genome possesses 168 origins of replication.To study the actors involved in DNA replication, we first had to develop novel genetic tools. The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR associated endonuclease 9) system is a recently discovered powerful technique for genome editing. In order to adapt this system to Leishmania, we have chosen a two-plasmid strategy: one for the expression of the single guide (sg) RNA and a second for the expression of the endonuclease CAS9. The proof of concept has been based on the disruption of the paraflagellar rod-2 (PFR2) loci by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In a second attempt, we have developed an inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system, both to obtain knock outs and to perform marker-free endogenous gene tagging. We used the system to investigate the function of Origin Recognition Complex proteins. Although the system was leaky, the genome was edited as expected. We thus deleted Orc1b and Orc1/Cdc6 and monitored the cell cycle progression of the parasite. We found that the depletion of these nuclear proteins lead to a growth defect and to the appearance of zoids (anucleated cells). The endogenous tagging of Orc1b confirmed the localization previously obtained using an episomal expression vector, and will allow further investigation on the role of this protein.In total, we have shown the presence of original replication dynamics parameters in Leishmania, and using CRISPR Cas9, we have demonstrated that Orc1b and Orc1/Cdc6 are involved in the nuclear duplication of Leishmania, in agreement with their putative in DNA replication
Djermoun, Sarah. "Le plasmide RP4 : de son utilisation comme outil antibactérien à l’étude de sa dynamique de transfert au sein de biofilm bactérien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10080.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of conjugation dynamics of conjugative plasmids in Gram-negative bacteria is the central research theme of our laboratory and around which my thesis project was built. The aim of my research was to provide real knowledge on the extent and impact of conjugation in bacterial communities. The biofilm is widely considered by the scientific community as a hotspot for gene transfer mainly because of the favorable cell contacts that exist in its structure. However, the only studies that have attempted to demonstrate experimentally that biofilms increase gene transfer by conjugation do not provide clear data on the dynamics of these transfers that take place in the biofilm and how the biofilm impacts these transfers. The approach we used to study the dynamics of conjugation in biofilm is based on a collaborative project between our laboratory and that of Dr. Knut Drescher, based at the Biozentrum in Basel, Switzerland. This collaboration allowed us to deploy innovative fluorescence microscopy techniques developed by our two laboratories and never used before in the context of the study of conjugation in biofilm.We focused on the RP4 plasmid which is an IncP conjugative plasmid. Found within many natural environments, it has been the primary plasmid model for studies that have focused on conjugation in the biofilm, and has been widely exploited as a genetic tool by the scientific community. Despite the fact that it has been widely used, the transfer mechanisms of the RP4 plasmid are very poorly described. The RP4 plasmid has thus proven to be a very relevant model for studying conjugation that we have used both in a biotechnological aspect to broaden the host spectrum of antibacterial TAPs systems and in a fundamental aspect to study its conjugation dynamics, both within a 2D cultured E. coli population and within a 3D biofilm structured E. coli population.During my thesis work, I therefore exploited the RP4 plasmid to carry antibacterial CRISPR systems in various phylogenetically distant bacterial species. I provided the first real-time images of the RP4 plasmid transfer in 2D and very interesting new data on the timing of DNA double-strand conversion in the recipient. Finally, a totally innovative approach allowed to study the conjugation dynamics of the RP4 plasmid in the biofilm. These results finally constitute the first study that really describes how conjugation takes place in the biofilm and that goes beyond in terms of understanding this dynamic thanks to the 2D approach that we had set up. We demonstrate that biofilm is not a hotspot for the transfer of the RP4 plasmid and that the factors of the EPS matrix that compose its structure do not prevent the dissemination of the plasmid. Rather, it is the stage of biofilm development that makes it possible for the donors to attach to the surface contact areas near the recipient cells
Renaud, Ariane. "L'utilisation du système CRISPR-Cas9 pour l'étude des protéines non structurales du bactériophage 2972 infectant Streptococcus thermophilus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67934.
Повний текст джерелаBacterial viruses are master manipulators of bacterial cells. They are able to take complete control of a bacterium, bypassing bacterial immune systems, hijacking core transcription and translation machinery, and typically resulting in lysis of the host. Although the major steps of phage replication are well understood, very little is known about the mechanisms of the host-cell takeover. Despite phages having relatively small and 'simple' genomes, generally only the structural proteins have been well characterized. In contrast, non-structural proteins, which include those involved in host cell takeover, tend to be completely uncharacterized. This is certainly the case for the model of Streptococcus thermophilus phages, 2972, which infects the strain DGCC7710 widely used by the dairy industry. Its genome encodes for 44 putative proteins, 14 of which are non-structural and have no known function. In this master thesis, the type II-A CRISPR-Cas system naturally present in S. thermophilus was used for genome engineering purposes to investigate the role of non-structural proteins of phage 2972. This natural bacterial immune system provides an ideal means for genetic manipulation of virulent phages, which are otherwise intractable. This could lead to potentially valuable discoveries allowing us to further fine-tune the bacteria used in various biological processes.
Di, Donato Vincenzo. "Axonal target specificity in the CRISPR/Cas9 era : a new role for Reelin in vertebrate visual sytem development." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066409/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeuronal connections in the visual system are arranged in synaptic laminae. Understanding the basis of lamina-specific axonal targeting is critical to gain deeper insights on how complex neural networks form. In a first study we investigated the role of the ECM protein Reelin during zebrafish retinotectal circuit formation in vivo. Here retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) convey the visual information to the brain by projecting their axons to different layers of the optic tectum. We demonstrated that Reelin secreted by a specific class of tectal superficial inhibitory neurons is spatially distributed in a superficial-to-deep gradient within the tectal neuropil. Induced gene disruption for all the components of the canonical Reelin pathway expressed in the retinotectal system resulted in aberrant layering of RGC axons suggesting a role for Reelin pathway in axonal sublaminar segregation. Altogether our findings elucidate a new role for Reelin in vertebrate visual system development, during which it acts as molecular cue by imparting positional information for ingrowing RGCs.In a second study we took advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to develop a novel approach for conditional mutagenesis in zebrafish. Our results provide evidence that tissue-specific gene disruption can be achieved by driving Cas9 expression with the Gal4/UAS system. We established a tool to induce loss-of-function mutations in cell clones or single cells that can be followed by genetic labeling, enabling their phenotypic analysis. Our technique has the potential to be applied to a wide-range of model organisms, allowing systematic mutagenesis and labeling on a genome-wide scale
Guyon, Antoine. "Insertion d’une mutation protectrice pour la maladie d’Alzheimer dans le gène de la protéine précurseur de l’amyloïde via le système CRISPR/Cas9." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68776.
Повний текст джерелаAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the world, withnearly fifty million people affected currently. The most common symptoms of this diseaseare memory loss, difficulties in task management, and temporal and spatial confusions. There is currently no treatment for this disease. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is usually cut by the alpha-secretase enzyme; however, abnormal cleavage by the beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) leads to the formation of beta-amyloid peptides. These peptides in turn forms aggregates, which accumulate as plaques in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Many non-silent APP mutationscause changes to the amino acid composition of the protein and result in increased plaque accumulation. These mutations are called familial forms of Alzheimer’s disease (FAD).However, one of these mutations (Icelandic A673T mutation) has been shown to confer aprotection against the on set and development of AD. This mutation of a single mutation inexon 16 changes an alanine into a threonine and has been shown to reduce the cleavage ofthe APP protein by BACE1 by 40%.This kind of single point mutation is the perfect target for the newly discoveredCRISPR/Cas9 technology, which opens new perspectives for the development of preventiveor curative treatments for genetic diseases and in our case Alzheimer’s. The Cas9endonuclease is a powerful tool for the modification of genetic data. The protein has been shown to cut double-stranded DNA with the help of a guide RNA (gRNA) to target a specified sequence adjacent to a PAM (protospacer adjacent motif). The base CRISPRsystem has been coopted by many different research teams; one of which used the technology to develop a technique they called base editing. This technique allows researchers toexchange cytidine bases for thymine and guanine bases for adenine with a strong accuracy. The first article of this thesis aims to demonstrate that the addition of the A673Tmutation in codominance with another pathological form of AD may have beneficial effectson the reduction of beta-amyloid peptides in patients’ brains. To determine if the mutationwas protective, plasmids carrying the A673T mutation along with another random FADmutation were used. Ultimately, we confirmed the beneficial effect for many forms of FAD,in particular the London V717I mutation demonstrated the greatest reduction in beta amyloidproteins. The second article of this thesis deals with the insertion of the A673T mutation by theCRISPR/Cas9 derived system, base editing. Several base editor complexes were compared and optimized to achieve the most effective and accurate genome modification possible. A candidate was selected after testing on HEK293T cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. The third part of this manuscript presents the results obtained when using lentiviraland AAV vectors to infect induced human and mouse neurons with a base editor complex and harvested mouse neurons with FAD forms. This whole approach has opened up an avenue for a potential therapy for Alzheimer’sdisease.
Millet, Jonathan. "Stratégies d'analyse spatio-temporelle de l‟épissage alternatif chez Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0437/document.
Повний текст джерелаAlternative splicing is a regulatory mechanism of gene expression which is increasingly studied in Life Science. Methods exist to study this mechanism but specific tools to follow each alternative splicing event in a spatio-temporal manner are lacking. Yet, the characterization of the regulation and the elements that determines them depends on valide strategies for visualising them in physiological conditions.We have developped a dual-fluorescent reporter-based system in order to follow alternative splicing event regulation in vivo. It has been applied to five different genes in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Among the genes followed, two follow a potentially stochastic scheme, one show no visible sign of alternative splicing. The last display tissue specific splicing patterns but developed a toxic effect in the animal when expressed from a multicopy extrachromosomal array. To remediate this problem, we decided to develop a method that allows for simpler single copy insertion of fluorescent reporter using CRISPR-Cas.Our results indicates that the dual-fluorescent reporter works well. However, this system can be upgraded by getting close to physiological rates of transcription allowed by single-copy insertion in the genome of C.elegans. We also discovered an alternatiove splicing event which follows a spatial, temporal and conditionnal regulation. Moreover, we constructed a set of different reporter to unravel the regulation observed in the gene top-1
Basileu, Cynthia. "Modélisation structurelle des réseaux sociaux : application à un système d’aide à la décision en cas de crise sanitaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10240/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo manage a public health crisis resulting from an outbreak of a large-scale pandemic, it is necessary to be capable of taking adequate measures very quickly. These measures must be taken to protect the productive capacity of the economy. Consequently, I have focused on the development of a « decision-making support » model with hybrid agents simulating the spreading of a pandemic, which is established on the medical characteristics of the virus as well as the socioeconomic structure of the concerned geographical zone. This socioeconomic structure being at the centre of the model, a pretopological modelling of the concept of social network is therefore proposed and integrated into the approach agent
De, Santis Flavia. "Genome editing to understand neural circuits formation : a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy for conditional mutagenesis and functional study of the role of the meteorin gene family in zebrafish neurodevelopment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066269/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model organism to study neuronal circuit development and function. To date, different genome editing technologies allow the generation of constitutive mutant alleles, permitting the study of gene loss-of-function in this vertebrate model. Nevertheless, to assess the role of certain loci it might be required a precise spatiotemporal control of gene inactivation. The rst part of my thesis describes a novel strategy for tissue-specific gene disruption based on the CRISPR/Cas9 and the Gal4/UAS systems. The described technique allows the induction of somatic mutations in genetically labeled tissues, cell clones or single cells, making it possible to follow the effect of gene disruption in vivo via reporter gene expression. The second part of the thesis focuses on the functional analysis of the role of the meteorin gene family during neuronal development and axonal targeting in zebra sh. Meteorin family is conserved among vertebrates and its members have been shown to be involved in neuronal progenitor proliferation and differentiation and axonal elongation, in vitro. We used the zebrafish nervous system as a model to dissect the role of Meteorins during embryonic development, focusing on their potential role as novel guidance molecules. Interestingly, we found that genes belonging to the meteorin family are expressed along the midline of the larval central nervous system and at the floor plate in the hindbrain and spinal cord. We generated CRISPR/Cas9 mutant lines carrying out-of-frame deletions in the coding sequence of each member of the zebrafish meteorin family and we performed a comprehensive analysis of the establishment of axonal projections in the mutants. Our data pointed out that metrns loss-of-function affects the earliest process of axonal development, demonstrating a crucial role in the process of axonal outgrowth for this new family of evolutionary conserved guidance molecules
Cullot, Grégoire. "Génotoxicité des systèmes CRISPR-Cas9." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0344.
Повний текст джерелаGene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for the monogenic diseases treatment. If the first approaches, called additive, have relied on the use of viral vectors, a growing share is now turning to gene editing. Less than a decade after its characterization, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has moved gene editing to a clinical stage. However, in the same period of time, several questions have been raised regarding the genotoxicity that can be induced by Cas9. An emerging literature points to the risk of genotoxicity at the targeted site. The thesis work presented here is part of this theme. The first part of the study aimed to describe the genotoxicity induced by a single double-stranded break made by Cas9. Characterization of the effects was done both at the nucleotide level, by monitoring the HDR / InDels balance, but also at the chromosome scale. The monitoring of chromosomal integrity has brought to light a new risk of genotoxicity that was not characterized. A sensitive and specific detection system for this risk has been developed to further characterize it. The second objective was to address the limitations of unwanted genotoxicity by developing a safer and more efficient gene editing method through the use of a single single-stranded breakage by Cas9D10A-nickase
ageely, Eman. "Chemical Tools for Potential Therapeutic Applications of CRISPR Systems." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1831.
Повний текст джерелаBernheim, Aude. "The distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems is affected by interactions with DNA repair pathways." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB070/document.
Повний текст джерелаCRISPR-Cas systems confer bacteria and archea an adaptative immunity against phages and other invading genetic elements playing an important role in bacterial evolution. Only 47% of bacterial genomes harbor a CRISPR-Cas system despite their high rate of horizontal transfer. Hypothesis such as the cost of autoimmu- nity or the trade off between a constitutive or an inducible defense system have been put forward to explain this paradox. I propose that the genetic background plays an important role in the process of maintaining a CRISPR-Cas system af- ter its transfer. More precisely I hypothesized that CRISPR-Cas systems interact with DNA repair pathways. To test this idea, we detected DNA repair pathways and CRISPR-Cas systems in bacterial genomes and studied their co-occurences. We report both positive and negative associations that we interpret as poten- tial antagonistic or synergistic interactions. We then focused on one interaction to validate our result experimentally and explored molecular mechanisms behind those interactions. My findings give insights on the complex interactions between CRISPR-Cas systems and DNA repair mechanisms in bacteria and provide a first example on the necessity of accommodation of CRISPR-Cas systems to a specific genetic context to be selected and maintained in bacterial genomes
Lachtar, Dalanda. "Contribution des systèmes multi-agent à l'analyse de la performance organisationnelle d'une cellule de crise communale." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819800.
Повний текст джерелаStens, Cassandra, Isabella Enoksson, and Sara Berggren. "The CRISPR-Cas system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171997.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Xin. "Communication gouvernementale avec les médias en cas de crise." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020046.
Повний текст джерелаThe way of managing of a government is logically influenced by the ambient culture and the historical roots of the country. The governmental communication with the media in the event of crisis is also function of the cultural environment of the country. China tends to follow the Western model which is recognized like the model of success dominating in the modern world. It is a question of solving the conflict between an aspiration with modernity and the maintenance of a cultural identity. In a governmental communication system with the media in the event of crisis, it is initially necessary to solve the problem of effectiveness, but most important is to solve the problems of cultural adaptation. Each culture has its own forces and its essential values. The chinese culture gives the priority to the community, where as the Western culture privileges the individual. The universalization induced by the media revolution leads each culture to meet the others with specific knowledge which gives the opportunities to know each other better and be supplemented
Said, Zeinab. "Three essays on the shadow banking system." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAG005.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD dissertation is the first attempt to empirically examine three different aspects related to the shadow banking system. We generally aim at providing a better understanding of the shadow banking topic.Chapter 1 focuses on the correlation between the shadow banking system and other regular financial institutions mainly banks, insurance companies, and pension funds. The results suggest that shadow banking system is acting as a complement and not a substitute to other regular financial systems.Chapter 2 examines the determinants of shadow banking loans. This study investigates how regulations and other factors impact the role of the shadow banking system in supplying credit. This chapter’s results indicate that shadow banking system is not an answer to high and severe regulations.Chapter 3 shows that there is a positive impact of the increased share of shadow banking system on banking stability and profitability. However, these results are inversed during crisis periods. These results indicate that shadow banking system makes good times better and bad time worse
Macé-Ramète, Guillaume. "Système d'Information de Médiation pour le pilotage réactif et anticipatif de la réponse à une situation de crise : application aux perturbations sur les réseaux routiers." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, the response to winter road emergencies are managed by Regional Centres for Information and Road Coordination (CRICR). The management of these crises is performed at a multi county level and involves multiple stakeholders (road operator, local representative of national authority, police…). Therefore, the coordination of such heterogeneous actors must be assumed by the crisis cell to ensure an effective response. The crisis cell has also to provide a good response facing hazards and disturbances encountered. Unfortunately, it is clear that the involved actors do not have a relevant and adequate set of ICT tools to achieve these goals. This thesis aims at improving this situation by setting up an agile mediation information system. This is based on the creation of a knowledge base (structured as an ontology), fed from the gathering of data from all the available heterogeneous information systems, to enable the tactical definition of a suitable response. The final goal is to formalize this response as collaborative processes to implement and to orchestrate through a computer system. In our proposal, detecting "hot" issues (such as disruptions or unexpected events) and making recommended adaptation support the "reactive" control of the response in a complex and highly unstable environment. This feature is completed by a system able to detect a priori problems, by establishing a projection of the current situation (crisis response), based on the collected forecasts owned by the crisis manager (traffic, weather, etc.). This projection leads to an assessment of the future situation and contributes to the design of a new response. This mechanism allows a " proactive " oversight of crisis management. The results of this PhD have mainly been developed and validated in the SIM Petra project (funded by PREDIT) regarding the establishment of a Mediation Information System to improve the coordination of the management of crisis concerning disruptions in transport
Dupuis, Marie-Ève. "Caractérisation du mode d'action du système CRISPR1/Cas de Streptococcus thermophilus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28652/28652.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAlkhnbashi, Omer S. [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Backofen. "Computational characterisation of genomic CRISPR-Cas systems in archaea and bacteria." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139210904/34.
Повний текст джерелаCox, David Benjamin Turitz. "Characterization and application of type VI-B RNA-targeting CRISPR systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117869.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The ability to modify nucleic acids is critical for establishing the role of genetic and transcribed elements in mediating biological phenotypes. Manipulating endogenous DNA sequences in eukaryotic genomes has been greatly aided by the advent of genome editing technologies that utilize programmable nucleases. DNA nucleases derived from class 2 CRISPR systems, which provide adaptive immunity in prokaryotes through cleavage of nucleic acids using a single, multi-domain, RNA-guided endonuclease, have been particularly useful in this regard because they enable targeting of new sites through simple Watson-Crick base pairing rules. Recent computational studies have uncovered the existence of predicted RNA-targeting class 2 CRISPR systems, suggesting that the power of genome editing techniques might be extended to the level of transcripts. In this thesis, I present work describing the discovery and characterization of a new RNA-targeting class 2 CRISPR system: type VI-B. Using a combination of biochemistry and bacterial genetics, we demonstrated that the predicted nuclease of the VI-B system, Casl3b, is an RNA-guided RNase, whose activity can be modulated by the csx genes that often appear in genetic proximity to casl3b. Next, we characterized the behavior of Casl3b and the related enzymes Casl3a and Casl3c in mammalian cells, identifying orthologs of Casl3a and Casl3b with specific RNA interference activity in mammalian cells. Finally, we showed that catalytically inactive versions of a Casl3b ortholog can direct adenosine-to-inosine deaminase activity to transcripts in human cells when fused to the catalytic domain of ADAR2. Using structure-guided mutagenesis, we created a high-specificity version of this system that can be utilized in research or potentially therapeutic contexts. The description of a Casl3b ortholog that can be used to knockdown or recruit RNA-modifying domains to transcripts in mammalian cells suggests the utility of this technology to interrogate and modify transcript function in diverse contexts.
by David Benjamin Turitz Cox.
Ph. D.
Wandu, Jotham G. "An integrated conceptual model of crises intervention for Gikuyu people utilizing traditional family social support systems, Christian resource systems and crisis theories (Kenya)." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIDP14688.
Повний текст джерелаAdjetey-Bahun, Kpotissan. "Résilience de bout en bout pour la (re)conception d'un système de transport." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0012.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to develop a model that assesses and improves the resilience of mass railway transportation system. A state of the art on resilience quantification approaches in sociotechnical systems reveals some limitations relative to their adequacy to the mass railway transportation systems. The model developed in this work is helping to give some answers to these limitations. We identify and develop four interrelated subsystems: transportation, power, telecommunication and organization subsystems. We also characterized and modeled these subsystems' interdependencies. This allows us to get insight into the system holistically. We also propose and quantify some performance indicators of this system. These performance indicators are used afterwards to quantify the resilience of the system. The number of passengers that reach their destination station, passenger delay and passenger load are performance indicators used in this work. The model is applied to the Paris mass railway transportation system. After modeling perturbations, we also assess the extent to which some crisis management plans are taken into account in the model. Then, a simulator has been developed, and an approach that aims to implement an end-to-end resilient system is proposed. Operating conditions of railway transportation system are incorporated into topological indicators of transportation systems found in the literature through the model. This allows us to show the relevance of these operating-conditions dependent indicators relative to the usual topological indicators of the studied network
Seo, Jooheon. "Modulation of DNA repair pathway after CRISPR/Cas9 mediated Double Stranded Break." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74884.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Karan, Boris. "Changes of financial system in the context of financial crisis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359881.
Повний текст джерелаSokolowski, Richard D. "CRISPR RNA biogenesis by a Cas6 nuclease." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6861.
Повний текст джерелаZhu, Houxiang. "Optimal gRNA design of different CRISPR-Cas systems for DNA and RNA editing." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556307865151938.
Повний текст джерелаAbadou, Mostafa. "Le système bancaire marocain après la crise financière de 2008 : difficultés d’adaptation des techniques de régulation européennes et nécessité de mise en place des mécanismes adaptés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB169.
Повний текст джерелаThe extent of the 2008 financial crisis' diffusion gave rise to strenuous and far-reaching debates about international financial stability. In fact, the question of financial instituions' social responsability seen as a financial stability vector has become the center of every debate. Financial instituions' governance and risk management devices have not only highlighted the vulnerability of the banking system, but also its inability to deal with liquidity requirements. With no doubt,banks have not been cautions enough to evaluate the risks they were taking. After the crisis, many institutional reforms were carried out at the initiative of banking and financial regulatory authorities, both at national and international levels, to tackle the numerous shortcomings and deficiencies found in the financial sector's regulation and supervision system. Under the Advanced Status, signed in October 2008, the Kingdom of Morocco has tried hard to reduce the gap between the Moroccan and the European legislations. In fact, it has agreed to move closer to European standards on the legislative and regulatory level aiming to be more integrated into the European internal market and to have a more efficient economy. Nevertheless, the banking system doesn't seem to adhere to the changes that were induced by this convergence work. Thus, there is still some way to go in this direction, not to mention that such a total convergence would take "years"! This thesis attempts to examine the difficulties of adapting European regulatory techniques to the Moroccan financial system, particularly through the Moroccan banks' control system and the supervision of mechanisms that take place under the "Shadow Banking" and the derivative market. It emphasizes all of the challenges this industry will have to face in the coming years. After an analysis of the main difficulties of adapting European regulatory techniques to the Moroccan financial system (Part I), some solutions are suggested,namely Islamic finance as a complement to the conventional one, financial inclusion as a solution aiming to reduce poverty and create jobs, and "Crowdfunding" as a financing tool for the mass individual investors to back start up projects, and a solution to the credit tightening phenomenon after the crisis of 2008 (Part II)
Arru, Maude. "Introduction de connaissances relatives aux comportements des populations dans les systèmes d'alerte précoce." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED029.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the integration of knowledge on population behaviors in the design and evolution of early warning systems, tools that capture signals announcing a crisis and integrate them in the processes of crisis management. The objective is, on the one hand, to provide a framework of reflection to decision-makers on the issues of populations awarness and to take into account their behaviors in case of warning. On the other hand, the objective is to provide decision-making support in crisis cells on the issues related to the warnings and information of the populations, proposing objective and contextualized elements. In this work, population behaviors are considered in terms of environmental and individual determinants, characterized by a list of indicators that can be used in early warning systems. Based on these indicators, we propose an approach for the design of a decision support tool structured in four steps: identification of knowledge, data structuring and collection, decision model generation, model use and update. We use a systemic approach strongly integrated into the research context, at the crossroads between positivism and constructivism. It responds to the project of the ORSEC plan (Organization of the civil security response) reformed in 2004 by the Civil Security Modernization Act, which provides a framework for reflection and general recommendations on crisis management, thus transforming the previous approaches, more process-and-scenario-oriented
Rowe, Andy (Andy Harold). "Managing a crisis : leadership and organizational elements essential for success." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107363.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-91).
Every organization will face a crisis at some point in its history. How well an organization handles the preparation, response and recovery from a crisis is highly dependent on the strength of its leadership and overall design. This thesis develops a framework of five leadership and seven organizational elements necessary for the evaluation of an organization's response during a crisis. Utilizing this framework, interviews were conducted with senior leaders of businesses that successfully navigated tremendous crisis situations. As a result of these interviews, I determined the leadership elements of a strong foundation of support, realistic analysis and a propensity to act had the greatest impact on the success or failure of a leader during a crisis. The organizational elements of leadership support, a strong shared vision, and the ability to think systemically were also determined essential to the effective handling of a crisis. Organizations should dedicate time and resources to cultivate the robust development of these elements as part of their crisis preparation.
by Andy Rowe.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
Ansai, Satoshi. "Targeted mutagenesis in medaka using targetable nuclease systems." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215591.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19765号
農博第2161号
新制||農||1039(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4981(農学部図書室)
32801
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 佐藤 健司, 教授 澤山 茂樹, 准教授 田川 正朋
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Zhu, Jiang. "PART I CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DIMERIZATION DOMAIN OF DROSOPHILA CAPRIN. PART II CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO CAS13B CRISPR-CAS SYSTEMS FROM PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1503.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Fiona L. "Development of flavour in potato crisps and related model systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342147.
Повний текст джерелаKobayashi, Yuki. "Etude de la relation entre les leaders politiques et techniques dans la gestion de l’accident de Fukushima Daiichi entre le 11 et 15 mars 2011." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM031/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Fukushima Daiichi accident (March 11 2011) raised questions about the capacity of resilience of the nuclear industry. Learning the experience enabled to take measures for prevention but also for crisis management. The focus was especially on the physical protection of facilities, neglecting the human and organizational dimensions or reducing the cause of the accident to classically known factors. Reading official reports of investigation and testimonies of stakeholders led us to study in detail intersectional and inter-organizational relations which developed between the actors during the management of the accident, in particular the beginning of the accident, between 11 and 15 March 2011. Our thesis aims to identify, analyze and explain the different mechanisms and decision-making processes which was created and which reconfigured the previously established relations between policy makers and managers of the crisis on site
Brendel, Jutta [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung der Prozessierungs-und Interferenzaktivität des CRISPR/Cas-Systems in Haloferax volcanii / Jutta Brendel." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053705611/34.
Повний текст джерелаKelterborn, Simon. "Gen-Editierung von Photorezeptorgenen in der Grünalge Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mithilfe des CRISPR/Cas9-Systems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21903.
Повний текст джерелаGene editing is a fundamental tool in molecular biosciences in order to study the function of genes (reverse genetics). This study established zinc-finger and CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases for gene editing to target and inactivate the photoreceptor genes in C. reinhardtii. In continuation of previous work with designer zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), the transformation efficiency could be improved 300-fold, which enabled the inactivation of genes in motile wild type cells. This made it possible to disrupt the Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1), Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and Chlamyopsin-1/2 (COP1/2) genes individually and in parallel. Phototaxis experiments in these strains revealed that the inactivation of ChR1 had a greater effect on phototaxis than the inactivation of ChR2. To apply the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the transformation conditions were adapted and optimized so that the Cas9-gRNA complex was successfully electroporated into the cells as an in vitro synthesized ribonucleoprotein. This approach enabled gene inactivations with CRISPR/Cas9 in C. reinhardtii. In order to measure and improve the conditions for precise gene modifications, the SNRK2.2 gene was established as a reporter gene for a ‘Blue-Green test’. Small insertions of up to 30 bp were inserted using short oligonucleotides, while larger reporter genes (mVenus, SNAP-tag) were integrated using donor plasmids. Throughout this study, more than 20 non-selectable genes were disrupted, including 10 of the photoreceptor genes, with an average mutation rate of 12,1 %. Overall, this work shows in a comprehensive way how gene inactivations and modifications can be performed in green alga C. reinhardtii using ZFNs or CRISPR/Cas9. In addition, the collection of the ten photoreceptor knockouts provides a promising source to investigate the diversity of photoreceptor genes in C. reinhardtii.
Hille, Frank [Verfasser]. "Investigation of Spacer Acquisition Mechanisms in Type V-A CRISPR-Cas Systems / Frank Hille." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215570341/34.
Повний текст джерелаSalameh, Majd. "L'architecture du système bancaire comme source d'instabilité financière des économies émergentes : une proposition de régulation bancaire." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986263.
Повний текст джерелаRongier, Carine. "Gestion de la réponse à une crise par la performance : vers un outil d'aide à la décision. Application à l'humanitaire." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0110/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring a crisis, the main goal for decision-makers consists in restoring a stabilized nominal mode. The stakeholders face considerable pressure and drastic constraints in response time and coordination. This study proposes a method to support these stakeholders in making responsive and accurate decisions while carrying out a performance evaluation of the activities run during the crisis response process. This method is composed of four steps: (1) characterization of the crisis response system, (2) selection of system components to evaluate in priority, (3) determination of performance dimensions to consider and (4) creation of indicators. Currently, performance evaluation is only used subsequent to a crisis, due to difficulties in gathering and aggregating information into trustable performance indicators. This paper proposes a method to obtain a relevant and dynamic decision-support system. Decision-makers will use it to resolve the crisis based on performance evaluation, in addition to the essential experience they undergo. A case study of crisis management within the French Red Cross non-governmental organization is developed, through a web-based prototype, in order to explain how performance indicators can both support crisis response management and also improve the collaboration of stakeholders
Hirosawa, Moe. "Cell-type-specific genome editing with a microRNA-responsive CRISPR-Cas9 switch." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242421.
Повний текст джерелаAmai, Takamitsu. "Development of genome editing technology of mitochondrial DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263707.
Повний текст джерелаVoss, Christopher. "Connecting our nation's Crisis Information Management Systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FVoss.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 6, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66). Also available in print.
Mounoussamy, Julie. "Fondements théoriques et empiriques des crises monétaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0026.
Повний текст джерелаMonetary crises are the first financial crises in economic history, which result in the elimination or substitution of national currencies. The aim of this thesis is to study the theoretical and empirical foundations of monetary crises. Furthermore, a framework for the prevention of such crises, raging in the Euro zone since 2008, is provided. The current economic and political debates about this issue reflect the persistence and the extent of this crisis, in which the Euro's legitimacy and sovereignty is threatened in the medium term. The various rescue plans and austerity policies in troubled member states are direct consequences and costs of this crisis. Consequently, supervisory authorities need to be more vigilant in strengthening their prevention policy. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: in the first part, we analyze the concept, the historical and theoretical foundations of monetary crises, and then develop a typology of them. In the second part, we provide an empirical contribution on the determinants of monetary crises in the euro area and propose a tool for preventing currency crises by setting up an Early Warning System, through the econometric approach of the multinomial logit model. As the primary indicator of monetary crises, the detection and measurement of real exchange rate misalignments within the euro area is decisive. The equilibrium exchange rates estimation allows the assessment of currency over- or undervaluation, which is essential for the implementation of an early warning system
Mosqueira, Diogo. "Disease modeling hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51359/.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Daniel Soares. "Quality Evaluation Model for Crisis and Emergency Management Systems-of-Systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-10072017-162919/.
Повний текст джерелаSistemas-de-Sistemas (SoS, do inglês Systems-of-Systems) realizam um importante e até essencial papel na sociedade. Referem-se a complexos sistemas intensivos em software, resultado da interoperabilidade de sistemas constituintes independentes que trabalham juntos para realizar missões mais complexas. SoS têm emergido especialmente em domínios de aplicação crítica, portanto, um alto nível de qualidade deve ser garantido durante seu desenvolvimento e evolução. Entretanto, lidar com qualidade em SoS ainda apresenta grandes desafios, uma vez que possuem um conjunto de características únicas que podem diretamente afetar a qualidade desses sistemas. Além disso, não existem modelos abrangentes para o suporte à avaliação de qualidade de SoS. Motivado por este cenário, a principal contribuição deste projeto de mestrado é apresentar um modelo de avaliação para SoS, especialmente destinado ao domínio de gerenciamento de crises e emergências. Este modelo foi construído no contexto de um grande projeto de pesquisa internacional, e cobre as mais importantes atividades de avaliação, considerando as principais características e desafios de SoS geralmente não abordados por outros modelos. Este modelo foi aplicado na avaliação de um SoS de gerenciamento de crises e emergência, e nossos resultados têm mostrado sua viabilidade para o efetivo gerenciamento da qualidade de SoS.
Angora, Ette Alain. "Système d'alerte avancée des crises bancaires : une approche fondée sur les modèles multinomiaux." Limoges, 2009. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/91e1401e-5970-495f-b8c5-933f2f7484ce/blobholder:0/2009LIMO1003.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is an extension of Early Warning Systems of banking crises based on an econometric multinomial logit approach. The aim of the thesis is twofold : in the first part we analyse the concept , determinants and the theorical foundations of the banking crises in a general context. Therefor, we define an analytical frame work,for the implementation of a policy of crisis prevention. In the second part, building on this framework we provide a technical contribution to the prediction of banking crises. The originality of the thesis lies in use of the multinomial logit models as a tool for predicting banking crises. Starting from two empirical studies, we highlight three major results : first, we show that taking into account the specificities of banks in terms of accounting ratios improves the prediction of banking crises. Secondly, we detect the presence of a bias in the identification of crises. This bias is revealed when one takes into account the periods before or after a period of crisis. Thirdly, we propose a frame work of monitoring the banking system which consists in assigning scores to the level of fragility. We show that the most severe banking crises that havce occured in Brazil and Mexico in1994 , and in South asia in 1997, follow periods of very high fragility
Lallement, Guy. "Implication du système glutamatergique au cours des crises convulsives provoquées par le soman : relation avec le système cholinergique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE18010.
Повний текст джерелаKelterborn, Simon [Verfasser]. "Gen-Editierung von Photorezeptorgenen in der Grünalge Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mithilfe des CRISPR/Cas9-Systems / Simon Kelterborn." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221128914/34.
Повний текст джерела