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1
Glaz, V. N., V. I. Berezhnoy, T. G. Martseva, and E. V. Berezhnaya. "RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE CUSTOMS POLICY MECHANISM." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 13, no. 2 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2020-13-2-51-57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mechanism of public policy in the regulation of public relations is built on the skillful combination of prohibitions of restrictions on the one hand, and laxity and opportunities on the other. But weakening state control may increase the level of risk to relationships. This is most clearly evident in international economic relations, where not only individual States that assume responsibility by becoming parties to conventions, agreements and treaties, but also individuals and entities that do not always support the policy of the State in the practice of implementing signed contracts, are parties. Russia pays special attention to a reasonable combination of the country’s economic interests and common interests within the framework of integration associations. The Russian customs authorities, represented by the Federal Customs Service, are one of the agents of state policy in this regard. The purpose of the activity is not only to administer the revenues from foreign economic activity to the budget, but also to protect the economic interests of the state, the participants of the foreign economic activity, professional intermediaries and individual consumers. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive policy of monitoring and assessment of customs risks will reduce the efforts of customs authorities to prevent possible offenses, and thus protect the interests of participants in foreign trade at any level.
2
Rohrlich, Paul Egon. "Economic culture and foreign policy: the cognitive analysis of economic policy making." International Organization 41, no. 1 (1987): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300000746.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Political scientists researching economic foreign policy have generally taken one of two analytic approaches. The first is based on realpolitik, the traditional application of “high” politics to the “low” politics of economics. This approach considers economics subordinate to politics. The concept of the national interest dominates; the pursuit of power—what enables the state to achieve its goals of security, welfare, and other societal values—is seen to underlie most actions. The study of foreign economic policy is thus an analysis of the distribution of power among states within the international system. By understanding a state's sources of strength and areas of vulnerability in relation to other states, the analyst will better understand the creation of foreign policy. Hans Morgenthau notes that while states may sometimes pursue economic policies for their own sake (in which case they should take little interest in their success), the more important economic policies they will favor are instruments of political power.Stephen Krasner views the state as an autonomously motivated actor, able to guide policy in pursuit of state priorities while resisting interest groups and ideologies. According to this “power theory”, the state tries to increase its economic competitiveness, ensure security of material needs, and promote its broad foreign-policy objectives. Economic policy is for the most part subordinate to and best explained by state priorities and prerogatives. Robert Tucker, Klaus Knorr, Robert Gilpin and others have also adopted this framework.
3
Aibossynova, D. A., K. A. Kirdasinova, and L. M. Mutalieva. "Regional management: foreign experience." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2020-1-3-16-20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regional management is currently considered as a combination of administrative, economic, political impacts on economic, social, demographic, resource-economic and other processes taking place in the region with the aim of ensuring a sustainable and balanced development of the region and the improvement of the life quality of the population today and in perspective. The diversity of regional economic systems forms the basis of the mechanism for identifying and disseminating the positive experience of the national economy management. This aspect determines the relevance of the study. The article discusses the patterns and features of the regional governance on the basis of the socio-economic development of two polar states in order to illustrate the national interests of each country. The problems of the socio-economic development are shown from the position of systematic approach principles and methods. The main goals of the regional management are also formulated, along with the ways of smoothing the levels of the socio-economic development of regions by overcoming existing interregional imbalances. As a part of the study of the patterns and features of China’s regional management the institutional approaches of the regional policy have been indicated taking into account the ranking of territories and the directive planning of the national economy. Organizational and economic mechanisms focused on the improvement of the human resources potential have been studied on the base of the German model of regional policy. Based on the results of the study, relevant conclusions were made.
4
Varfolomeev, A. A., O. P. Ivanov, I. V. Surma, and Yu A. Trefilova. "Russian System of Foreign Policy Expertise." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 266–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-266-292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The article considers the system of foreign policy expertise as an independent subject of research. The authors note the positive aspects of competitive analysis of the external nvironment, which allows one to level out the asymmetry of political and economic cultures within a given country, as well as to smooth out the personal interests. This ensures a variability of approaches in foreign policy decision-making, which ultimately contributes to the promotion of balanced national interests. The North American approach differs in preferences, methodological trends, forms of theoretical ethnocentrism and various forms of social construction. The European scholars and experts in foreign policy analysis use the theory of international relations much more extensively than their North American counterparts.Based on the analysis, we propose to use a comprehensive integrated method, developed in the Russian Diplomatic Academy, using an interdisciplinary approach based on elements of political psychology, sociology of management, international law, structural, functional and institutional approaches, etc. We also propose to use virtual cognitive centers and methodologies, which not only contain a specific sequence of stages of predicting the development of the international situation, but also provide an opportunity to choose methods of Foresight, taking into account the existing time, human resources and financial constraints, and the possibility of their adaptation to the applied tasks of analytical and prognostic activities of federal authorities in the field of foreign policy.
5
Frieden, Jeff. "Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940." International Organization 42, no. 1 (1988): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000713x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The period from 1914 to 1940 is one of the most crucial and enigmatic in modern world history, and in the history of modern U.S. foreign policy. World War I catapulted the United States into international economic and political leadership, yet in the aftermath of the war, despite grandiose Wilsonian plans, the United States quickly lapsed into relative disregard for events abroad: it did not join the League of Nations, disavowed responsibility for European reconstruction, would not participate openly in many international economic conferences, and restored high levels of tariff protection for the domestic market. Only in the late 1930s and 1940s, after twenty years of bitter battles over foreign policy, did the United States move to center stage of world politics and economics: it built the United Nations and a string of regional alliances, underwrote the rebuilding of Western Europe, almost single-handedly constructed a global monetary and financial system, and led the world in commercial liberalization.
6
Holm, Hans-Henrik. "Economy in Flux — Security Suspended. Foreign Economic Relations and Security Policy for Nordic NATO." Cooperation and Conflict 22, no. 4 (September 1987): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001083678702200406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the spectacular economic changes in the international system and in Denmark, Norway and Iceland since 1945, the security policies of these countries have been remarkably constant. On the basis of a juxtapositioning of the conflicting trends of development in the international economic and political system, it is predicted that security policy in these three NATO countries to the North is up for change in the future. Three scenarios, based on present economic tendencies, are outlined: 1. International integration through renewed US dominance; 2. Split up into economic- political regions; 3. Collapse of the international economic system. The resulting changes in the security policy of each of these three states are indicated and discussed.
7
KLEPIKOVA, Svitlana, Mariia YATSYNA, and Olena DRUHOVA. "Peculiarities of foreign economic activity management of enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law 11, no. - (November 26, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.11.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problems of research of features and modern mechanisms of economic regulation of foreign economic activity of enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to improve the scientific and methodological basis for stimulating the development of foreign economic activity of enterprises and substantiation of the theoretical foundations of foreign economic activity of enterprises in order to further their development in the today's globalized world. Results. It is determined that one of the problems of foreign economic activity of enterprises is the problem of inefficient management system, lack of strategic and marketing approaches to enterprise management, and enterprises more often use the technique of short-term adaptation. An enterprise focused on the development of foreign economic activity should develop approaches to improve international marketing, especially in terms of making effective management decisions based on the processing of a significant amount of information data and assessing the factors of the international market environment. The main condition for the adaptation of enterprises to the rapidly changing external environment may be the formation of a system of strategic planning, which provides a more rational use of limited resources, promotes consistent development and implementation of management decisions, focuses on sustainable development in market conditions. The management staff should clearly formulate the principles of strategic research in order to intensify foreign trade in industrial enterprises, and most importantly – formed a marketing strategy for foreign trade. The main means of increasing the potential of foreign economic activity of enterprises are the formation of such economic conditions that would allow due to modernization of production to increase domestic production and services, introduce innovative technologies. Conclusion. In order to improve the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises, it is proposed to implement a policy aimed at increasing merchandise exports by introducing innovative developments to improve the quality of domestic products, which must meet international norms and standards necessary to create a sufficient level of competitiveness in domestic markets.
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Ike, Shi, and Natalia Epova. "The Impact of Foreign Trade Policy on China's Economic Development." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(1).25-35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of foreign trade and its impact on the level of economic development of both individual states and the world economy as a whole is steadily increasing. The successful or unsuccessful development of foreign trade relations is largely determined by the state's policy in this area, the use of various tools and methods. China, having begun to reform the economic system, pursued the goal of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. For this purpose, foreign trade relations with other countries were actively developed in accordance with the interests of China and the priorities of economic development. Over a long period in China was dominated by autarkic tendencies in the sphere of foreign relations, which contradict the idea of integration for joint solutions to existing problems and the liberalization of foreign trade. Since the late 70s, China has realized the need to connect the country to the processes taking place in the world economy and carry out reforms, an important part of which was the implementation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic relations. The new policy assumed the extraction of maximum benefits from cooperation with foreign partners, the modernization of the economy using best practices in the economic, scientific and technical spheres, the diversification of production, the introduction of effective management models. China's foreign trade policy is implemented through a variety of regulatory, control and incentive methods. This makes it possible to take into account the characteristics of specific territories and use the most appropriate tools to achieve the best result. Relevance and insufficient knowledge of the impact of trade on economic development of China in the development of global value chains and the trend towards a multipolar world system, the development of the prospects of transformation of China's foreign trade, led to the selection of topics for articles.
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Ermilova, Mariia, Evgeny Kalinkin, Elena Semenkova, and Kira Kalinkina. "Foreign Housing Markets: Questions of Price Policy." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015905014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The housing market is one of the most important segments of the economy of any country. As part of the study, it is shown that it is not enough to consider the housing market financing system only in the organizational and structural aspect. The application of a structurally functional approach is essential, which will improve the efficiency of market financing. The author determines the need for the formation of auto-regulators that can reduce the need for manual control of the economy of the housing complex and the state, which is especially important in the modern economic system. The study identified such auto-regulators as the inclusion of borrowers in the quality management system and the usefulness of housing finance; organization of interaction of market and state financing based on the principles of public-private partnership; the need for a system of indicators to assess the development of the Russian housing market, improving the information support of financial markets; the formation of an open system for monitoring the status of the housing market financing system.
10
Derbenova, Yana, Antonina Artemenko, Victor Malyarevsky, Volodymyr Tsaruk, and Kristina Yurchenko. "PUBLIC DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL FEATURES." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 27 (December 21, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.27.2021.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of public management of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and to determine the regional features of the organization of foreign economic activity. The research methodology included the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, specification, classification) and special (system-structural research, economic analysis). The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to establish the need for public management of foreign economic activity in the context of regional features as an important aspect of foreign economic policy of the region. Conclusions. The article clarifies that it is expedient to consider public administration as an organizing and regulating influence of the state on the social life of people in order to organize, preserve or transform it, based on the power that limits effective social control. It is established that the foreign economic relations of any country should be regulated by the state and regulated by the public. It is determined that some regions have certain features of development and specialization, and therefore have different export potential, and the state of foreign economic activity of the region depends on its implementation. The main goals of regional foreign economic activity are: support and development of existing forms and directions of foreign economic policy; development of new forms of foreign economic activity; formation and development of foreign economic infrastructure; attracting both national and foreign investments; development of export potential of regions; increasing the competitiveness of regions as a necessary prerequisite for their international integration. Keywords: export, imports, public administration, foreign economic activity, foreign economic policy, region.
11
PLYASKINA, А. I., and K. V. PIGOL. "FEATURES OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT USING SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT." Economic innovations 23, no. 3(80) (August 20, 2021): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.3(80).286-290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Topicality. One of the modern features is the growth of economic interdependence of countries in the context of globalization and diversification of commodity, financial, investment and other markets. This trend determines the specifics and features of the development of foreign economic activity, which plays a crucial role in strengthening international integration processes. In the researched scientific works considerable attention is paid to the organization of foreign economic activity, research of aspects of efficiency of management of foreign economic activity.Aim and tasks. In view of this, the main purpose of the study is to systematize approaches to determining the financial management of foreign economic activity and outlining its own vision for the realities of the domestic economy.Research results. Financial management as a system of principles, means and forms of organization of monetary relations of the enterprise, aimed at managing its financial and economic activities, which include: development and implementation of financial policy of the enterprise; information support; evaluation of investment projects and formation of a "portfolio" of investments; current financial planning and control. Evaluation of investment efficiency is central to the process of justification and selection of possible options for investing in investment projects, and therefore is the key to successful investment activities. Among these tools the author singles out: financial planning of financial flows; purchase and sale of currencies to service various transactions; purchase and sale of shares and other securities on international financial markets; operating with own securities in foreign markets; currency risk management. In the scientific literature we also emphasize the concept of international financial management, which is interpreted as a system of economic decisions arising from the implementation of financial management in the internationalization of economic activity of the firm. In our opinion, the proposed definition is too narrow for the concept of international financial management, but it can be used to define the concept of financial management of foreign economic activity. Thus, the concept of financial management of foreign economic activity combines three categories, namely finance, management and foreign economic activity.Conclusion. Management of investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises is based on the analysis of indicators of financial condition, while effective management of financial activity of the enterprise is provided by realization of the basic principles of financial management as a component of the general management of the enterprise. Our study is determined by sound recommendations and suggestions for improving modern methods and introducing more modern approaches to improving the efficiency of enterprise management in the international arena.
12
KOVAL, Lubov. "FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES AT THE LEVEL OF THE ENTERPRISE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 4 (54) (December 19, 2020): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-4-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the features of the formation of accounting policies for certain activities. In particular, the definition of foreign economic activity is outlined and its main types are established. In addition, the article presents statistical data on the dynamics of export-import operations of domestic enterprises in the period from 2013 to 2019. The specific features of the accounting reflection of foreign economic transactions, and their impact on the formation of the accounting policy of the business entity. It is established that the process of organizing the accounting of such activities is important for the formation of the accounting policy of foreign economic transactions. In this regard, the algorithm for generating information of analytical and synthetic accounting of export-import operations was presented. An example of the Working Plan of accounts of foreign economic activity as a part of organizational and technical component of accounting policy is given, and the directions of its formation are outlined: by types of foreign currency; by geographical location of the counterparty; according to the type of the selected Incoterms formula according to the moment of transfer of risks and obligations; by types of exported or imported goods; by types of monetary article; on other grounds. It is established that in today's conditions, the automation of the accounting process at any company helps to reduce the time spent on accounting work by accounting staff and allows you to provide timely management staff of the entity with complete and accurate information. In this regard, in carrying out foreign economic activity, it is proposed to use an automated form of accounting, with subsequent reflection of such information in the Order on the accounting policy of the enterprise. The elements of the accounting policy of foreign economic transactions are outlined, taking into account the peculiarities of imports. On the basis of the conducted research the corresponding conclusions are made and the directions of the further research and the reasons of its necessity are specified.
13
Bogdan, Tetiana, and Vitalii Lomakovych. "Financialization of the global economy: Macroeconomic implications and policy challenges for Ukraine." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(1).2021.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The acceleration of the global economy’s financialization with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the risks of financial markets volatility, boom and bust cycles, violation of price stability, and debt sustainability. In such conditions, the high degree of Ukraine economy’s external openness, significant amounts of external debt, and lack of domestic investment and credit resources raise the issue of external financial threats to the national economy. This study aims to identify the risks of financialization and debt accumulation across the globe, specify protective arrangements and vulnerabilities of Ukraine’s credit system to external shocks and develop a set of policy actions for global risks mitigation in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, available theoretical sources and policy studies were reviewed, and international databases of financial indicators have been analyzed. As a result, the underdevelopment of the financial system in Ukraine and insufficient use of the credit levers by the private sector are revealed, which impede economic growth but simultaneously mitigate the impact of external shocks in Ukraine’s economy. On the other hand, high external debt reliance is confirmed, which increases the risks of financialization and cross-border capital flows for Ukraine’s economy. A set of financial and organizational measures (targeted at eliminating credit and debt distortions in Ukraine and creating a financial basis for sustainable economic growth) are devised; they refer to development of the national capital market, fiscal policy adjustment, acceleration of the foreign direct investments inflows, shifts in the NBU’s monetary policy, and the management of foreign exchange reserves.
14
Бурда and M. Burda. "Russia's Policy in the Sphere of External Labor Migration: Management Problems." Administration 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59537e447b96c2.84477889.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author analyzes the policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of external labour migration, reveals the peculiarity of formation of the Russian labor market for foreign workforce, focusing on its basic focus on the integration model of the Eurasian economic Union and the Commonwealth of independent States. The article discusses the scheme of formation of migration policy and identifies a number of problematic issues of management of external labour migration, which the author attributed the imperfection of the migration system and peculiarities of political processes in the post-Soviet space. According to the author, this approach is not conducive to quality development of external labour migration, however, is one way of lobbying foreign policy interests in the post-Soviet space. In turn, Central Asian autocrats are interested in the maximum outflow of the economically dissatisfied citizens to prevent anti-state speeches. The quality of the existing risks management of external labor migration indicates the potential of growth of popularity of right-wing political forces and destabilization of the Russian political system. Taking into account the need to balance national security interests and supported by loyal Russian foreign political elites, the author proposes to separate the management of migration on the field of law enforcement and socio-economic part, which requires a political decision of government institutions. Proposed dualism in the author’s opinion, will promote increase of efficiency of counteraction of illegal migration and activation mechanisms, presence on the labour market demand for migrants. As a tool of migration management, the author highlights the Institute of international agreements, the potential of which is currently used does not fully.
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Štrbac, Katarina, and Branislav Milosavljević. "Crisis management system in European Union: How it works?" Serbian Journal of Engineering Management 6, no. 1 (2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjem2101045s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European Union's development path as a supranational organisation in which a single political, economic, and security space on the European continent prevails was not simple and easy. For many years, the European community's ideological creators have been looking for a supranational model that would simultaneously meet the times' challenges and ensure economic prosperity, internal stability, peace, and security in Europe. Such an organisation should have had a role in the international order. In European politics and science, there have been differences of opinion on whether the EU should develop a crisis management system or not. The need for the EU to develop its capabilities in foreign and security policy has influenced the establishment of the crisis management system as we know it today. Thanks to that, the European Union is an important player in world security, especially through military and civilian operations.
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Makkar, Dr Suman. "Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Indias Exports." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 9, no. 3 (April 30, 2014): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v9i3.661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalization had major impact on overall trade of the Indian economy. The easy going and conservative attitude of the policy makers in India were shaken by the 1990-91 crisis. The New Economic Policy of the nineties aimed at opening up the economy, to encourage free trade and competition and reduce the role of government in foreign trade matters. Restrictions on international trade were removed, foreign investments were allowed and a new Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) was introduced to reap the benefits of competition and counter the disadvantages of an inward looking trade policy. Enabled by increasingly liberal policy frameworks, made possible by technological advances, globalization more and more shapes today's world economy. Global trade and foreign direct investment, the two main drivers of this process have undergone a tremendous change during the last two and a half decades. There have been marked shifts in their flows, destinations, determinants and policies. In this process, developing countries have found their economic activities being increasingly internationalized. FDI by TNCs (Transnational Corporations) now plays a major role in linking may national economies, building an integrated international production system the productive core of the globalized world.
17
Karpenko, Elena, and Kristina Shestakova. "Management of industrial development of the country: theoretical aspects and tools." University Economic Bulletin, no. 49 (May 22, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-49-81-87.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relevance of the research topic is substantiated by the revival of the world community's interest in industry as a driver of economic development. The problem is that industrial development has a number of limitations as a result of imbalances between the resource potential of the economic system, its institutional structure and the dominant technical and economic paradigm, which require the development of special management tools. An analysis of recent publications shows the presence of scientific interest in the search for the relationship between the content of industrial policy, which serves as a tool for managing the country's industrial development, and the level of industrial and economic development in terms of creating certain economic conditions for its formation and implementation. However, the issues of scientific substantiation of the use of specific instruments of the country's economic policy for economic systems of various levels of industrial development are insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to determine and substantiate the factors of scientific and technical, foreign economic, financial and monetary spheres, influencing which it is possible to manage the industrial development of the country through the formation of a favorable environment for the implementation of industrial policy. The research methods used in the work are comparison, grouping, correlation-regression analysis, econometric modeling, systematic approach. Results of work. Within the framework of this study, on the basis of the constructed econometric models, the factors of foreign economic, scientific, technical and monetary policy were identified, which form favorable conditions for the implementation of industrial policy. The factors were differentiated for countries with different levels of industrial development. The field of application of the research results is the state policy aimed at stimulating industrial development. Conclusions. The work establishes the priority influence of monetary policy factors at a degree of industrialization from 0 to 1; monetary and scientific and technical policy with a degree of industrialization from 1 to 15; factors of all types are important if the degree of industrialization is higher than 15. Taking into account the above factors when developing the content of the national industrial policy will contribute to: achieving the goals in the field of industrial development, reducing the risks of negative effects from government intervention in industrial production, predicting the consequences of adopting certain economic solutions.
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Tsyrfa, I. "POWER AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY IDENTITY OF THE STATE." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 135 (2018): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.135.0.50-61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of distinguishing the main features of public administration and interaction between the state and society in the period of a complex multi-level systemic crisis, the essence of the power and political organization of anti-crisis management in the context of formation of the foreign policy identity of Ukraine is determined. Stable interrelations between the state and society are revealed to play the key role in the process of the foreign policy identification of an actor nowadays. The historical features and relevant social and spiritual values of the society are proved to be decisive determinants while building the foreign policy identity of the state. They form key identity markers that the state extrapolates into the external space. This process provides a comparable stability of the foreign policy identity of an actor when implementing its foreign policy and during its interactions with other subjects of the world politics. The anti-crisis management on the state level is determined to be currently carried out within the general system integrity, which functioning is conditioned by the natural and geographic, social and economic, political and spiritual and moral systems. Interaction with these systems provides implementation of the anti-crisis management inside the state. In this sense, the most important role is played not only by the institutionalization of the power and political organization of anti-crisis management, but also by the formation of spatial images that contribute to the formation of the foreign policy identity of the state on the international arena.
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Yevtushenko, V. A., V. I. Liashevska, and O. S. Kopyttsova. "Planning of Foreign Economic Activity as a Factor in Increasing the Competitiveness of Enterprises in the World Market." Business Inform 6, no. 521 (2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-6-38-43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the process of globalization and international integration, the formation of a rational sequence of sales planning is becoming increasingly important for companies engaged in foreign economic activity. This type of management activity contributes to obtaining additional profits through the full use of the advantages of international labor and international integration, as well as by identifying opportunities for the development of foreign economic activity of organizations. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the need for companies to always develop and improve sales activities through increased competition and the rapid development of foreign economic relations. Because the key to the «survival» of enterprises in today’s market economy is a well-established effective sales policy and its purposeful development. The article defines the structure and components of sales activities. Also, an important role and priority of effective management of the sales system in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in world markets is specified. The peculiarities of understanding the term of «sales» in both the narrow and the broad sense are analyzed. Different approaches to determining the basic concepts of sales activity are systematized. The place of sales in the enterprise management system is considered. The main characteristics of strategic and tactical management of sales system are analyzed. The peculiarities of sales management at enterprises are distinguished. The strategic and operational solutions in the creation of sales system are examined. The current state of foreign economic and sales activity of the service company «Master Service» LLC is considered and ways to improve its foreign economic activity are proposed.
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SAVELIEV, Yevhen, and Vitalina KURYLYAK. "International economy: deepening and expanding research potential in Ukraine." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 11 (December 22, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.11.045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The topical issues of the development of the research potential of Ukraine in the field of international economics , capable of creating scientific support for the foreign economic activity of entrepreneurial structures and government organizations in the context of world and European integration, have been investigated. The creation of the infrastructure of research organizations specializing in the international economics has been substantiated, in particular, the feasibility of creating research institutes in the USA and Canada, Europe, and the Center for International Agricultural Business. The article considers the expediency of conducting research on the issues of cooperation with interstate integration associations of countries, including the EU, ASEAN, TPP, APEC, BRICS, for the implementation of the country's foreign economic policy. A special place in the system of international economics research should be occupied by the problems of Industry 4.0 and the leadership of Ukrainian IT companies in the system of global economic competition. The state of the staffing of research activities in international economics is analyzed and proposals for training of highly qualified specialists in international economics in large industrial centers: Kharkov, L’viv. Dnieper, Odessa and Zaporizhia are formulated.
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PYANKOVA, S. G. ., and D. P. . ARKALOV. "STATE LEGAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPORT INDUSTRY: RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN ASPECT." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 230, no. 4 (2021): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2021-230-4-482-488.
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The paper discusses the legal and economic models of sports management in Russia, as well as foreign experience. The examples of existing contradictions between the economic and legal components in the management of sports are given. At present, this is an urgent problem, taking into account the "undecided" Russian model. The ways of its solution are offered, which will allow to build a uniform understanding of the final result among all participants of the sports system in the construction and application of the corresponding models.
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Grubor, Marina, and Miodrag Šmelcerović. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041311m.
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This paper provides a brief overview of waste management in Serbia in order to become such a past in the European Union as a result of the obligations arising from the European Waste Land Disposal Directive. This will in practice mean that there is no longer any disposal of untreated waste, and the processing of waste will be paid according to the following price lists, and then the separate collection of waste becomes, in some way, an instrument for reducing the burden on the budget, ie saving from disposal and waste disposal. There is a direct link between the amount of landfill for the landfill and the economic viability of their waste management systems, a new study by the European Institute for Foreign Policy and the needs of the European Commission confirmed. The task of the study was to analyze the use of economic instruments in waste management. considerations used in the development of the ecological system model in order to select the solid waste management process, after which the possibility of using the incineration process is presented. It also provides an overview of the use of waste as fuel, institutional and financial frameworks. A rough estimate was made that about 50% of waste could be burnt with the possibility of obtaining heat and electricity. If about 1,800 kWh of useful energy (thermal and electrical) is obtained per tonne of waste then it is possible to expect about 1,800 kWh / tx 75,000t = 135 MWh of useful energy or an approximate savings effect of about 6,750,000 € per year, calculated with the price of energy from 0.05 € / kWh., Per city in Serbia.
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Singh, Amanjot, and Manjit Singh. "How linkages fuel dependent economic policy initiatives." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-01-2016-0007.
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Purpose With the globalization and liberalization in terms of increasing financial flows across the countries, the policy makers around the world are not independent in the context of monetary and fiscal policy initiatives. In this regard, this paper aims to attempt to quantify and capture long run, short run as well as time-varying linkages among the two financial stress indices, namely, Kansas City Financial Stress Index (KCFSI) and Indian Financial Stress Index (IFSI) across the monthly period (2004 to 2014). Design/methodology/approach Owing to the non-existence of a standardized financial stress index with regards to the Indian financial system, the study has developed an index/stress indicator using principal component analysis. Furthermore, to comprehend the linkages, the study uses bivariate Johansen cointegration model, vector error correction model, impulse response functions (IRF), variance decomposition analysis (VDA), Toda-Yamamoto’s Granger causality test and, finally, bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (BVGARCH) (1,1) model under constant conditional correlation (CCC) framework. Findings The results report a stochastic trend among the two indices wherein the US financial system acts as a source of a shock causing disequilibrium in the long run co-movement. About 40 per cent of the adjustments take place in one month and rest in the coming months. Both the IRF and VDA report a greater degree impact of the US financial stress on the Indian financial system. Moreover, there is a uni-directional short run causality running from the stress in the US financial system to the Indian financial stress. Furthermore, the co-movement between the US and Indian financial stress reached to its maximum significant level during the sub-prime crisis even confirmed by the Markov switching model results. Practical implications Overall, the results provide an insight to the financial market investors both domestic as well as international in their act of risk management. The financial stress prevailing in an economy further has an impact on different economic factors like foreign exchange rates, interest rates, yield curves, equity market returns and volatility. So, the empirical results support strong implications for the Indian policy makers as well as investors in the Indian financial markets. Originality/value The present study contributes to the literature in three senses. First, the study considers indices reflecting financial stress in the Indian as well as US financial system. Second, the study captures long run as well as short run linkages among the financial stress indices relating to a developed and an emerging market. Finally, the study uses CCC-BVGARCH (1,1) model to account for the time-varying co-movement among the financial stress indices. This helps in comprehending time-varying nature of the co-movement of the stress in the financial system prevalent in the respective markets.
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Hofhansel, Claus. "Explaining Foreign Economic Policy: A Comparison of U.S and West German Export Controls." Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 3 (July 1990): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00005845.
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ABSTRACTThis article analyzes differences between United States and West German export controls. It shows that United States controls are more extensive and stricter than controls in West Germany. Three possible explanations for this variation in policy are considered. First, these two states differ in regard to their positions in the international system and in their choice of economic strategies. Second, the extent of domestic political support for strict export control policies varies between the two countries. Finally, West Germany lacks the institutional framework to adequately control its foreign trade. The evidence presented corroborates the first two alternatives, while institutional explanations receive relatively little support. The article then discusses the historical development of United States and West German export control policies and institutions. The analysis shows evidence of both change and stability. More specifically, the article questions the argument that institutions in foreign economic policy, once established, persist and resist change, instead of adapting to environmental changes. Several hypotheses are considered to explain why in the area of export controls changes in policy, and to some extent institutions, occurred more frequently in West Germany than in the United States.
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Mekhonoshina, Yu A. "THE EU ECONOMY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS. IRELAND’s CASE." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-462-466.
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In 2008 the world faced a powerful economic crisis, which led to significant problems in the EU. Some states, such us Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain, were on the verge of default. In such conditions the EU had to take appropriate measures to save European countries. The author reviewed the measures which concerned Ireland. At the beginning of the century Irish economy showed rapid growth. But in 2010 the default threatened “The Celtic tiger”. It was conditioned by the collapse of mortgage landing system and the rapid outflow of foreign capital. As far as Ireland participates in the euro zone the other European countries are interested in the stabilization of Ireland’s economy. All measures of saving Ireland’s economy could be divided to two groups. The first group includes the measures taken by the government of Ireland. This is state financing of bank sphere, which was done without being agreed with the EU (moreover, the European council reacted negatively), and changing of tax rate approved by the EU. The second group is represented by the measures of European institutes. It includes preferential credits and suppression of sanctions for violation of Maastricht criterion in exchange for austerity budget. In Ireland’s case such policy doesn’t seem really effective. The level of Ireland’s budget deficit is more than 3 % of GDP and its current economic growth does not permit to redeem the loans. Economic problems provide political instability, that’s why Ireland’s government cannot elaborate long-term financial policy. Though European institutes managed to find consensus between different national interests, the EU needs no less than 15 years to return to pre-depression economic level.
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Maksimova, Аlla, Olena Rudenko, and Olga Kondratiuk. "ECOLOGICAL TAX AS AN ECONOMIC TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN UKRAINE." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 27, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/2707.
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The essence of the ecological tax, features of ecological taxation in Ukraine are determined. The analysis of the dynamics of pollutants emissions into the ambient air, waste generated in the territory of Ukraine and the indicators of income for the components of the environmental tax in terms of their enrolment at different levels of the state budget is carried out. The system of economic tools for nature management and environmental protection in Ukraine is presented. The types of environmental taxes collected in foreign countries are investigated, problems of environmental taxation in Ukraine are identified. The main directions of improving the environmental tax have been determined taking into account the experience of economically developed countries of the European Union.
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MONGUSH, Snezhana P. "Foreign trade activity as the basis of interregional collaborative engagement in the management system: Evidence from the Tyva Republic as a participant of the Yenisey Siberia Comprehensive Investment Project." National Interests: Priorities and Security 18, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 544–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.18.3.544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subject. This article discusses the issues of imbalance in the economic development of the regions of Siberia. Objectives. The article aims to determine the level of economic cooperation of the Tyva Republic with the regions that are partners in the Yenisey Siberia Comprehensive Investment Project. Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of the theory of foreign trade and strategic documents of the regions, the article determines the current state of interregional integration processes. Conclusions. For an underdeveloped region, the development of foreign trade relations should become a priority area of economic policy.
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Gidlow, R. M. "Foreign capital flows and economic policies in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 524–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i3.2661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is no "silver bullet" for reducing the external imbalances facing South Africa, and for coping with the ebb and flow of foreign capital movements. Nevertheless, various policy measures can be identified which would most probably reduce the incidence of external shocks which can plague South Africa's capital account of the balance of payments. Sound macro-economic policies, and in particular the creation of an environment incorporating greater monetary stability are perceived to be crucially important. The position on the capital account needs to be altered such that greater inflows of foreign direct equity capital take place, and in this respect it is concluded that a reduction in the corporate tax rate offers one of the few options open to the authorities at this stage. This offers greater potential than a system of special tax incentives, the effectiveness of the latter in attracting greater foreign investments being open to question.
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Лексиков, Евгений, Evgeniy Leksikov, Михаил Рытов, Mikhail Rytov, Павел Ковалев, and Pavel Kovalev. "FUZZY COGNITIVE MODELING APPLICATION FOR CARRYING OUT OF INFORMATION SAFETY AUDIT OF INFORMATION PORTALS OF REGIONAL EXACUTIVE AUTHORITIE." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20290.
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At the present moment the internal policy is formed under complicated conditions of foreign situation. The regional policy is formed on the basis of index leveling in socio-economic development. The support of vital functions in social and economic systems of regions plays a role of no small importance in the system of executive power authority (EPA) including regional one. In the interests of assurance of public administration realization it is necessary to have at the disposal a condition for the existence of the vital functions process in social and economic systems. The in-formation portals which perform a role of information and management systems (IMS) have a significant element in the management of social and economic systems of a region. These systems allow performing online information gathering, storage, transfer, analysis and processing regarding a situation changing for deci-sion making. The IMS development makes new re-quirements to the realization of the methodology of process management, taking into account situation changes. The analysis of information flows of regional EPA witnesses of that for management decision making only 10-15% of available information is used to-day.
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Wang, Guogang, and Nan Lin. "70 years of China's foreign exchange market development: history and experience." China Political Economy 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-05-2020-0007.
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PurposeThe development of China's foreign exchange market and the reform of Chinese yuan (hereinafter “CNY”) exchange rate are closely linked with each other. Their respective journey through the past 70 years can both be divided into three historical periods; as follows: China's foreign exchange market underwent a difficult exploration period, a formation and development period and an innovative development period; in the meanwhile, the formation mechanism of CNY exchange rate also witnessed three periods marked successively by a single exchange rate system with administrative pricing, an explorative formation mechanism of CNY exchange rate and a reformed, marketized CNY exchange rate mechanism.Design/methodology/approachIn the present world, the development of almost every country is closely linked to the international community, which is the result of the heterogeneity in system, market, humanity and history, in addition to the differences in natural resource endowments and the diversity in technology, administration, information, experience and diplomacy. International economic exchanges require foreign exchange, which gives rise to the existence and development of the foreign exchange market.FindingsThe 70-year history of China's foreign exchange market has proven the need to continue safeguarding national sovereignty and interests of the people, stick to the general direction of serving economic development, adhere to the strategy of steadily and orderly promoting the construction of the foreign exchange market, keep on making innovation in monetary policy operation and unbendingly stay away from any systemic financial risks.Originality/valueDuring the 70-year history of the new China, as an indispensable economic resource in China's economic development, the foreign exchange mechanism bolstered each stage of economic development and was always an important manifestation of China's economic sovereignty. It is argued that during the 30-year planned economy that preceded reform and opening-up, China pursued a closed-door policy with few international economic exchanges. The subtext of such argument is that China did not have (or hardly had much of) a foreign exchange mechanism during this period, which is clearly in conflict with historical evidence. In fact, although China did not have an open foreign exchange market before the reform and opening-up, it had a clear foreign exchange management system and exchange rate system.
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Mislavskaya, N. "International Financial Reporting Standards: the Origins of Uncertainty and Probability." Auditor 6, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2020-31-35.
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The article is devoted to identifying the causes of crisis situations that accompany modern economic reality. Despite the fact that the scientifi c community is discussing the issues of preventing the corresponding negative consequences, the research vector of the scientifi c community is aimed at the management system, at the state’s foreign and domestic policy. Th e author considers the problem from a classical perspective. It is proposed to look for answers to questions in economic theory, in philosophy, in accounting and accounting (fi nancial) statements. In support of the conclusions laid theoretical work of the English School of Economics.
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Tkach, Anatoly. "NEW REGIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN A FOREIGN POLICY IN RELATION LAC-AMERICAN REGION OF ADMINISTRATIONS OF GEORGE W. BUSH AND BARACK OBAMA." Politology bulletin, no. 81 (2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.81.83-90.
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The article analyzes the priorities of the Obama’s administration in the region and the Latin American states actions in rebuilding the existing system of relations at the global and regional levels. The current financial and economic crisis has shown the need for changes in the economic world order, financial system, which was formed in the end of the Second World War, where the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) play a key role. For many decades developing countries were rather an object of economic expansion than serious actors in the world economy.In the article features of foreign policy of the USA of relatively Latin America are examined in the article; the conceptual providing of foreign policy is analysed the USA, the comparative analysis of foreign policy of administrations of presidents of relatively Latin America is carried out, the detailed analysis of influence of foreign-policy course of the USA is presented, the basic factors of forming of new foreign policy the USA of relatively Latin America are found out. Purpose of the research: External U.S. Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean under the Barack Obama Administration. The article of analysis is includes resolution of long duration aims and corporate strategic planning taking into account correlation of application in space and in time of necessary resources, as activity of the American state that is sent to determination and achievement of long-term aims in a region by means of corresponding facilities. Without belittling the importance of not denying the «national roots» the origin of these crises can not be ignored or underestimated the fact that the development of Latin America in previous decades influenced deep region in the processes of global integration with its «distortions» and instability, with increasingly the apparent inability of international institutions. The main mechanisms for implementation of the USA foreign policy strategy objectives are LAC, bilateral relations with main European countries and USA as well as crisis management. The work ascertains the limited effectiveness of multilateral instruments for the achievement of strategic objectives of the LAC foreign policy. LAC represents one of the power centers of the multipolar world in LAC strategy, but in this regard, has to possess proper political and military mechanism for regulation of international relations. LAC suggested a lot of proposals and projects in the field of crisis management under B.Obama presidency, but its initiatives did not receive proper support in the LAC.
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Raynkhardt, R. O. "“Italy System” as a Case of Innovative Economic Diplomacy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(45) (December 28, 2015): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-165-173.
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The article deals with the description and analysis of functioning of the Italian national system of economic diplomacy.The author provides an insight into the historical and economic background and conditions of its development from the earliest stages to present time focusing on the latest events (from 2010 onwards).He casts light upon the procedures and mechanisms of interaction between the key national economic-diplomatic agents i.e. ministry of foreign affairs, ministry of economic development, export-promotion agency ITA, investment-attraction agency Invitalia, other authorized bodies (in particular, the Coordination Council on the Internationalization of the Italian Economy - CRII), public and private institutes. The article outlines the main principles of the new system of foreign economic policy "Sistema Paese" which is being implemented since 2011. This concept is based upon efficient cooperation ("team play") between the chief institutes of economic diplomacy with a system approach to elaboration and realizing measures aimed at the internationalization of the Italian business. Innovative elements of "Sistema Paese" do not just imply another reorganization of the MFA, but a completely new approach to issues concerning the position of Italy on the world arena. The author looks into concrete mechanisms of economic diplomacy which basically include measures of national export promotion and assistance to Italian companies in the course of new markets penetration, as well as measures on attraction of foreign direct investment inter alia from developing countries. He mentions that subnational regions of Italy, especially Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Sicily, tend to be more and more involved into processes of FDI attraction. Another important trend and particular feature of Italy's modern economic diplomacy is the practice of decentralization of financial management within the MFA system through providing the heads of diplomatic representations with specific competences in this area. Finally, a special emphasis is put on the tight link between instruments of "soft power" and economic diplomacy and their institutional usage, which has deep historical roots.
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Veselá, Natálie, David Hampel, Kateryna Yahelska, and Vitalii Krasko. "Preconditions for the formation of the investment policy of Ukraine as a key set of measures to ensure economic development." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 9, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i2.691.
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The article focuses on investments as a tool for solving economic development problems of the national economy. Based on the analysis of macroeconomic systems' development factors, it is concluded that it is necessary to accelerate economic development to ensure national competitiveness within the current global economy. The necessity of forming the organizational mechanism for the country's economic growth at a transitional stage of development is substantiated. The analysis of foreign investments in Ukraine is carried out. The paper defines the key points, tools, and measures for forming the corresponding mechanism on the example of Ukraine as an economic system in the transitional stage of development. The organizational scheme for economic growth by executive authorities is proposed. One of the critical roles in this mechanism is assigned to the Investment Department and Independent National Science Council; tasks and functions of these units in the structure of the agency are described.
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Szporluk, Roman. "Soviet Domestic Foreign Policy: Universal Ideology and National Tradition." Nationalities Papers 22, no. 1 (1994): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/00905999408408317.
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At the turn of the century a major social, economic and political transformation was taking place in Russia, which at the time was a vast trans-continental empire extending from Warsaw in the west to Vladivostok in the east. Many rival currents of thought and various political movements presented their solutions for Russia's political, social and ethnic conflicts. In 1917, adherents of one Marxist current, the Bolsheviks, seized power in Russia and after a prolonged and extremely bloody Civil War consolidated their regime in the early 1920s. Among the nations of the world Russia alone adopted as its guide for the solution of its problems and conflicts Marxist ideology, invented about seventy years earlier in Germany, an ideology that its founders thought offered a solution for all of the important problems of humanity at large. For, indeed, Marxism was a comprehensive system of thought, which claimed to explain the entire history of humanity and to offer a vision, a scientific blueprint, for humanity's future. In that blueprint the phenomena of conflict, power, and politics were to make room for totally new principles of social organization: solidarity, cooperation, and a rational management of resources and people, i.e., planning.
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Kharchenko, T., J. Sagaydack, and L. Hatska. "DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AS A MEANS FOR MODERNIZING UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 216 (2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2021/216-3/6.
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The article reflects the author’s approach to the construction and development of environmental management systems at Ukrainian enterprises in order to modernize. This will provide an opportunity to implement the principles of the global green course and ensure a stable competitive position in the markets. The main problems of environmental pollution are considered. It is determined that the biggest polluters traditionally remain transport, industry, energy and agriculture. The ecological efficiency of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine is analyzed. It is noted that low environmental efficiency is associated with declining economic growth, deindustrialization, inefficient government innovation policy. The foreign experience of ecological modernization of enterprises is investigated. It was revealed that the state plays an active role in this process, and the projects of energy modernization, development of alternative transport infrastructure, renewable energy sources, public transport network are financed previously. It is believed that a comprehensive approach with the support of the state has allowed European companies to reduce energy consumption, reduce the impact on the environment and ensure the formation of a climate-friendly environment. The authors propose a number of measures that will promote the active environmental modernization of domestic enterprises, including the development of environmental policy to prevent negative impacts on the environment. The further activity of the enterprise will promote maintenance of steady ecological and economic effect at the expense of rational use of raw materials, natural resources.
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Makogon, Valentyna. "The system of public debt management in conditions of institutional transformations." University Economic Bulletin, no. 43 (November 20, 2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-160-166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance of research topic. In the context of institutional reforms, the issue of the limited state financial resources for the implementation of the tasks and functions entrusted to them by state authorities and local self-government is being updated, which predetermines the development of a system of public debt management, which is a powerful instrument of macroeconomic policy. At the same time, the growth of the level of public debt in both developed and transformational economies is conditioned by a number of factors, the most important of which are: the formation of a budget deficit that is of a permanent nature; the need for public expenditures aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability and accelerating the pace of economic growth, the development of the social sphere. Formulation of the problem. In the context of institutional reforms, the important task is to develop a debt strategy that will ensure the concentration of limited investment resources in those sectors of the economy that will accelerate the pace of economic growth, which requires further scientific research of the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation and implementation of budgetary and debt policies, their coherence, improvement the mechanism of public debt management. At the same time, the choice of tools for managing public debt can both negatively and positively affect macroeconomic stability in the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of public debt management is rather widespread in scientific research. These are works by well-known domestic and foreign scholars: J. Buchanan, U. Mitchell, J. M. Keynes, T. Bogolib, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Chugunov and others. Identification of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are actualized in connection with the intensification of globalization processes, the adverse external and internal economic environment, which requires the solution of a number of specific tasks related to the formation of public debt at an economically sound level. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the role of the system of public debt management in the regulation of socio-economic processes, to justify the relationship between debt and budget policy; carry out an analysis and assessment of Ukraine's state debt; to identify the main factors influencing the level of public debt; to clarify the provision for improving the efficiency of the mechanism of public debt management. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priority tasks of debt policy in the context of institutional transformations. Method or methodology of conducting research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of public debt in state regulation of social and economic development of the country is determined. The analysis and evaluation of public debt has been carried out. The priority tasks of the debt policy in the context of institutional transformations are substantiated. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of Ukraine's debt policy, reforming the system of public finances. Conclusions according to the article. Ensuring macroeconomic stability in the country involves the development of an effective strategy for managing the public debt, justifying the strategic priorities of debt policy, based on realistic forecast indicators of the country's economic development. The improvement of the mechanism for managing public debt should be based on a clear combination of legally defined budgetary and debt policy instruments. The use of indicators of a structured, cyclically-adjusted balance can increase the validity of fiscal and debt policies. The high level of government debt and significant budget deficits create risks for financial and macroeconomic stability, their potential negative impact on economic development is far more devastating than the pro-cyclical nature of fiscal policies that only affect the economic dynamics in the short term. Accordingly, the important task of fiscal policy is to prevent the growth of public debt and budget deficit while limiting the negative impact of further fiscal consolidation on aggregate demand. The article defines the strategic priorities of debt policy in the context of institutional transformations.
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AKIBA, OKON. "Policy issues, and challenges in Canadian management of the Atlantic fisheries." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 2 (June 1997): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000222.
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Despite steady injection of public funds by successive administrations, the Canadian fishery industry is characterized by resource depletion, vessel tie-ups, and overcapacity, which have led to plant closures and rising unemployment. This paper assesses the progress Canadian marine policies have been making towards rational use and conservation of fisheries and promotion of employment and economic development in fishing communities since 1977.The analysis begins with the creation of the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and its rationale in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), namely conservation. State subsidies for fleet upgrading, industry modernization, marketing, and the introduction of quota systems, such as the individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and enterprise quotas (EQs), are identified as the key policy initiatives which might realize an economically-viable fishing industry in the post-1977 period. These policies produced corporate expansion and prosperity in the mid-1980s, but there followed corporate losses because of Canadian over-dependence on American markets and sharp quota cuts.With regard to conservation, shortcomings are identified in the virtual population analysis model (VPA), and the inability of the Department of Fisheries to monitor fishing effort by domestic and foreign vessels. The need for radical change in the future direction of marine policies is emphasized and arguments made which support the following objectives: elimination of ecologically-harmful fishing technologies; use of community quotas (with a modified individual quota system); strengthening of community management systems and development of co-management approaches to fisheries management, involving government and fishing communities.
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Zhang, Jiahao. "Analysis on the Impact of the Foreign Exchange Reserves of China on Its Macro Economy." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
China has the largest foreign exchange reserve in the world, but the high foreign exchange reserve is a double-edged sword for the country. There are two kinds of analysis for this. First, China's foreign exchange reserves have far exceeded the reasonable scale, which will cause China to pay extremely high management costs. Second, China's foreign exchange reserves are considerable, but this is the objective demand of the economy. Sufficient foreign exchange reserves can make China occupy a favorable position in international development. Based on the data on China's foreign exchange reserve, foreign debt scale and GDP from 1985 to 2019, this paper analyzes the positive and negative effects of high foreign exchange reserve on China's economic development. By analyzing the current situation of China's foreign exchange, the author gives some policy suggestions: (1) appropriately reduce foreign exchange reserves; (2) promote the reform of the exchange rate system; (3) reform the foreign exchange system
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Hagan, Edmond, and Anthony Amoah. "Foreign direct investment and economic growth nexus in Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-05-2019-0180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose African countries are generally fragile. This and other related characteristics affect the potential for growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the effect of FDI on economic growth is contingent on a financial system that accounts for financial market fragility. An important point of departure from earlier studies is the adoption of a new measure of financial market fragility. Design/methodology/approach Given the uniqueness of the data set, the study uses a panel data and estimates an econometric model using an instrumental variable approach. For robustness purposes, a pooled ordinary least square is also estimated. Findings The study provides evidence that if the financial market is fragile as in the case of Africa, FDI inflows may have a marginally significant positive impact on economic growth. The findings suggest that fragility in the financial market is a key absorptive capacity and cannot be trivialised when exploring FDI–growth nexus in Africa. Research limitations/implications The uniqueness of the data set limited the time period of the study. Nonetheless, the findings are still crucial to policy makers in Africa and other developing countries with similar characteristics. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Africa to investigate the FDI–growth nexus which accounts for financial market fragility.
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KRAVCHENKO, Oksana, Maryna KULA, and Dmytro LEVYTSKYI. "Management of competitiveness of the enterprise in the conditions of foreign economic activity." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 2/1 (February 26, 2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.2(1).3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An urgent problem in the modern economy is the management of enterprise competitiveness. The solution to this problem is the main criterion for production efficiency, the effectiveness of the management system, as well as the need to maintain and improve the economic security of a business in conditions of financial and economic instability. Today, one of the most optimal and effective means of matching market conditions and internal opportunities for developing competitiveness is the formation and dissemination of innovations in the field of marketing. As practice shows, almost all business entities successfully developing on the market are obliged to the correct policy of market assessment (competitors, consumers, assortment and price) and marketing. Another important issue is the release of products or the provision of services that meet the modern requirements of scientific and technological progress. The development and analysis of a strategic concept should activate self-organization and business adaptation in an ever-changing market environment, provide new competitive advantages and increase the level of manageability and competitiveness of the enterprise. The importance of competitiveness for the development and even the existence of an enterprise determines the relevance of the topic of the paper. The purpose of the work is to study the essence of enterprise competitiveness and determine the ways of proper management for its further development. This paper discusses the concepts and essence of competitiveness and competitiveness management of an enterprise. Also, the levels of management and ways to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise in modern economic conditions are determined.
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Gillespie, Lodge. "Rhetoric and Reality: Corporate America's Perceptions of Southeast Asia, 1950–1961." Business History Review 68, no. 3 (1994): 325–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article challenges both those historians—represented primarily by neo-colonialists and World Systems theorists— who stress economic factors as motivations of U.S. policy in Southeast Asia during the 1950s. Although such analyses provide valuable insights into American foreign policy, neither the desire to secure the markets and raw materials of Southeast Asia for American industry nor the perceived need to preserve a capitalist World System offers an adequate explanation for the American commitment to Southeast Asia. Using the business press and trade journals as primary sources, this article examines the public remarks and activities of the American business community throughout the decade; it concludes that, despite their frequently strong rhetoric, business leaders were generally ambivalent about the proper course of action in Southeast Asia and about the region's importance to American interests. The research presented here suggests that other, non-economic, factors may better explain U.S. policy in that region during the 1950s.
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Kale, Geetanjali. "A Case Study on Importance of Tourism Policy in Promotion of Tourism with Reference to Maharashtra Tourism Policy." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v3i5.56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism is fast growing industry with creating a billion job opportunities every year. Government is making the tourism policies for the development of the destination, their upkeep and maintenance. Policies implemented well help the tourism industry to achieve the better result. Tourism creates direct and indirect job opportunities and opens the various segments for revenue generation. Foreign exchange is important for any country to make the economy stronger; tourism is one of the service industries which support in economic development. Proper evaluation of the policy after certain period shared with the service provider and proper data management system for the same can help all the tourism support industry to improve on the services to achieve the great tourist satisfaction.
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Ivanov, Andrei Alexandrovich. "The European system of military and political decision-making: problems of establishment." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.1.34842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today’s multipolar world, one can observe how different countries with different degree of agency on the international arena, seek to be actively involved in the development of recommendations for settling the existing crises, and pursue their foreign policy based on the own resources and national interests. This naturally results in complication of the system of international relations and makes it extremely difficult for its leading actors to make adequate decisions. The fact that the modern “world powers” have fundamentally different socioeconomic and political structure, aggravates the situation even more. Different values, principles of economic management, attitudes towards the role of the key social institutions and elements of the political system impede constructive communication between the states. Despite the efforts of many politicians, Europe is yet to reach cultural and political unity. The EU member-states have strong differences with regards to domestic and foreign policy; and some states continue to seek solutions to the existing crises, guided by their own principles of effective management. This defines the relevance of outlining the prospects for the convergence of national systems of political decision-making, since the discrepancy in this sphere increases distrust among the countries, parties and government leaders, as well as creates the background for various abusive activities.
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Oksana, KONDRATIUK, and STOIANENKO Iryna. "ECONOMIC RISKS OF THE ENTERPRISE: POST-COVID TRANSFORMATION." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 138, no. 4 (September 10, 2021): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2021(138)01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background.Development of the economy in the context of globalization, on the one hand, promotes new opportunities for the production of new goods and services, and on the other hand, increases existing threats and causes new ones, so it has a negative impact on economic security. Most threats to the economic security of an enterprise cannot be predicted, and unpredictedthreatsare risks. The current situation requires companies to improve and optimize continuouslythe process of risk management and policy making. The aim of the paper is justification of the need for risk management policy as acomponent of the economic security of an enterprise. Materials and methods. Current regulations of Ukraine, publications of domestic and foreign scientists on the research topic, statistical materials and Internet sourcesare the information base of the research. Methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction and systematization were used to achieve the main aim of the paper. Results. The COVID-19 pandemichas had impact on the enterprisesactivities. The risk structure can be determined bysuchareas asstaff, processes,profit, profitability and partnerships.Risk management allows the company to ensure necessary development, increase competitiveness and economic security. An important component of the deve-lopment of risk management in the enterprise is the development of appropriate policies that allow to form an adequate understanding of the processes of each participant in the system, ensure strict compliance with established rules and compliance with mandatory procedures in risk management.At present, risk management is becoming a way to survive in a difficult economic situation, which will allow the company to ensure necessary development, increase competitiveness and economic security. An important component ofrisk managementdevelopment of the enterprise ismaking of appropriate policies that allow to form an adequate understanding of the processes of each participant in the system, ensure strict compliance with established rules and compliance with compulsory procedures in risk management. Conclusion. Risk management process should become an integral part of corporate culturefor any company. Developed and implemented risk management policy should ensure full responsibility of its employees for understanding, assessing, established risk appetite and applying appropriate methods to reduce negative impact of risks on current and future business activities and economic security of the enterprise. Or any company, the risk management process should become an integral part of corporate culture, and the developed and implemented risk management policy should ensure full responsibility of all its employees for understanding, assessing, established risk appetite and applying appropriate methods to reduce the negative impact of risks on current and future business activities and economic security of the enterprise. Keywords: risk, uncertainty, enterprise, entrepreneurial risk, risk management, economic security, risk management policy.
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Moon, Bruce E. "Consensus or compliance? Foreign-policy change and external dependence." International Organization 39, no. 2 (1985): 297–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300026989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The foreign-policy behavior of weak states, conventional wisdom holds, is largely determined by a process of bargaining with a dominant state. Compliance with the dominant state's preferences is viewed as necessary to the maintenance of economic exchange relations that benefit the weak state. Evidence for such a theory has been found in cross-sectional correlations of aid and trade with UN voting. However, such empirical studies have ignored alternative explanations, overlooked elements of the statistical record, and failed to examine the logic of the bargaining model. The assumptions of the bargaining model are vulnerable to criticism; an alternative model emphasizes multiple constraints on the behavior of both the strong and the weak nation in an asymmetrical dyad. Reanalysis of the data uncovers strong evidence of an explanation for foreign-policy continuity rooted in dependency. Dependency permeates and transforms the political system of dependent nations, thus bringing about constrained consensus rather than compliance. Furthermore, the data provide strong evidence for an explanation of foreign-policy change in both nations that centers on regime change, not on bargaining with an external actor.
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Topolnytska, Tetiana, Romana Matskiv, Oleh Yatsiuk, Oksana Savko, and Bohdan Hryvnak. "State Regulation in Foreign Economic Activity of Cement Industry of Ukraine." Management Systems in Production Engineering 29, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2021-0027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract To specify the problems and priorities of state regulation of foreign economic activity (FEA) of cement industry enterprises of Ukraine, it is proposed to use the tool for assessing the state of FEA of cement industry enterprises, which is based on the expert method. The FEA development index of the cement industry is constructed with the usage of the method of expert assessments and analysis of the hierarchies of significance of each factor. Due to this, it was found that producers underestimate their own abilities to compete in foreign markets regarding the assortment structure, unsatisfactory financial condition, fierce competition and recession in foreign markets, especially traditional for Ukraine; unsatisfactory state policy of support of the development of the cement industry, in particular in terms of transparency of resource provision, assistance in updating the technical and technological base of the industry, the implementation of state infrastructure projects in Ukraine. On this basis, the priorities of state regulation of foreign economic activity of cement industry enterprises were determined by the following groups: sales, institutional and instrumental ones.
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Tyutyukina, E. B., and T. N. Sedash. "Institutions and instruments of green financing in Russia and foreign countries." Financial Analytics: Science and Experience 13, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fa.13.4.398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subject. This article analyzes the accumulated experience of various foreign countries to create a national system of green financing in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to identify the main instruments and institutions of green financing in world practice and determine the directions of their development in Russia to reduce potential threats to economic development in the long term. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific cognition methods and a systems analysis. Results. The article offers certain recommendations on the development of green financing in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. In Russia, the trust management industry is poorly developed. The investment policy of management companies does not provide green instruments and directions of green financing. The total volume of green bonds in Russia is at the level of funds of one foreign investment fund. The proposed recommendations can help accelerate the implementation of the ESG concept in all companies.
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Husarevych, Nataliia. "Debt policy in the economic transformation." University Economic Bulletin, no. 43 (November 20, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-145-152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance of the research topic. In the context of transformation changes, it is important to identify the priority areas of debt policy as an instrument of socio-economic development of the country, the introduction of effective instruments for managing public debt in the institutional environment. Quite important is the study on the efficiency of debt policy. Formulation of the problem. In modern conditions, during the period of financial globalization, public debt is an integral part of the financial systems of most countries of the world. Particularly important are the priorities of debt policy for countries with a transformational economy, because they need to allocate a significant amount of financial resources to carry out and achieve effective results of reforms. It is important to develop and implement a coherent debt strategy, as well as to correct it for solving current problems. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of debt policy of the state is quite relevant today for the majority of countries of the world and are common in scientific works of the well-known foreign and domestic scientists. The following foreign scientists have made a significant contribution to the study of public debt and debt policy: R. Barro, D. Buchanan, A. Wagner, J. Keynes, D. Ricardo, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, W. Thompson, F. Friedman and others. The theoretical and practical questions concerning the formation, management and maintenance of public debt under conditions of transformational changes in the economy are devoted to the work of such Ukrainian scientists as O. Vasylyk, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Lukianenko, A. Mazaraki, M. Pasichnyi, V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. However, there are a number of underdeveloped issues related to the formation and repayment of public debt in the context of the transformation of the economy in both the medium and long-term periods. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The research objective is to analyze the state debt of Ukraine as a result of the implementation of debt policy. The purpose of the study is to determine the main tasks of the debt policy of Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. The combination of research methods were used in writing the article: systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis and synthesis, and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). Indicators of state and state-guaranteed debt in terms of repayment currencies, the structure of domestic government loans that were raised to the budget by placing bonds on the primary market were analyzed in the article. The priority tasks of the debt policy in the medium and long-term perspective were proposed. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of Ukraine's debt policy. Conclusions according to the article. At the present stage of economic development it is important to increase the impact of the use of debt management methods based on the formation of the debt policy priorities for the medium and long term persrective. In carrying out an effective debt policy, the government should reduce the spread of crisis phenomena and debt risks, as well as reduce the total debt burden on the economy. The article defines the priority tasks of Ukraine's debt policy in the medium term.
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Sergeeva, Svetlana L. "State Regulation of Social Policy During the Global Pandemic: Russian Experience and Foreign Practice." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2022-9-1-60-72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The focus of the study is the global pandemic COVID-19 and its negative impact that includes high mortality and pressure on the national and world economies. The author analyzes effective functioning of information and communication channels in the social sphere, related to reports of public health, prevention of outbreaks of epidemics and pandemics. There are evident problems with the delivery of information to various social groups about therapy, vaccination, which is also complicated by the fact that not all countries are sufficiently developed in a digital format, as well as domestic policies, norms, customs, personal biases, religion, news avoidance, quarantine fatigue, etc. All these factors increase the risks of destabilization of the socio-political system, increase the number of socio-political protests, and worsen the reputation of government and management bodies at different levels of political systems of states. The article analyses the theoretical aspects of the category social policy as one of the main directions of public policy and management. The author analyzed international experience and practices of state regulation of social policy during the global pandemic. The main attention was paid to social and economic support during the COVID-19 pandemic in contemporary Russia and the peculiarities of sectoral measures.